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†Kb? G cÖ‡kœi Reve Avwg 3bs `dvi e¨vL¨vq
w`qvwQ| GLv‡b Avi cybiæw³ Kwijvg bv|
Av‡iKUv e¨vcv‡i fyj aviYv m„wó nB‡Z
cv‡i| Avgvi cÖ Ív‡e †dWv‡iwUs BDwbU‡K
ÔcÖ‡`kÕ bv ewjqv Ô†÷UÕ ewjqvwQ| Bnv‡Z
Kv‡qwg ¯v_x© †kvl‡Kiv RbMY‡K GB ewjqv
†auvKv w`‡Z cv‡i Ges w`‡ZI ïiæ Kwiqv‡Q †h,
Ô†÷UÕ A‡_© Avwg ÔBwÛ‡c‡Û›U †÷UÕ ev ¯vaxb
ivóª eySvBqvwQ| wKš‘ Zv mZ¨ bq| †dWv‡iwUs
BDwbU‡K `ywbqvi me©Î me eo-eo †dWv‡ik‡bB
ÔcÖ‡`kÕ ev ÔcªwfÝÕ bv ewjqv Ô†÷UmÕ ejv nBqv
_v‡K| †K›`ªxq ivóª‡K †dWv‡ikb A_ev BDwbqb
ejv nq| gvwK©b hy³ivóª, †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb,
†dWv‡ij Rvg©vwb, GgbwK Avgv‡`i cÖwZ‡ekx
fviZ ivóª mK‡jB Zv‡`i cÖ‡`kmg~n‡K Ô†÷UÕ
I †K›`ª‡K BDwbqb ev †dWv‡ikb ewjqv _v‡K|
Avgv‡`i cvk¦©eZ©x Avmvg I cwðg evsjv Ôcª‡`kÕ
bq, Ô†÷UÕ| Giv hw` fviZ BDwbq‡bi cÖ‡`k
1966 mv‡j †kL gywRe cÖKv‡k¨ 6-`dv †NvlYv K‡i ej‡jb, 6-`dv evOvwj RvwZi gyw³i mb`
wbix¶v
nBqv Ô†÷UÕ nIqvi m¤§vb cvB‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e c~e© cvwK Ívb‡K GBUzKz
bv‡gi gh©v`v w`‡ZB ev KZ©viv GZ GjvwR©K †Kb?
3 bs `dv
GB `dvq Avwg gy`ªv m¤ú‡K© yBwU weKí ev Aëvi‡bwUf cÖ Íve w`qvwQ|
GB `yBwU cÖ Ív‡ei †h †Kv‡bv GKwU MÖnY Kwi‡jB Pwj‡e:
(K) c~e© I cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi Rb¨ `yBwU m¤ú~Y© c„_K A_P mn‡R
wewbgq‡hvM¨ gy`ªvi cÖPjb Kwi‡Z nB‡e| GB e¨e ’v Abymv‡i
Kv‡iwÝ †K‡›`ªi nv‡Z _vwK‡e bv, AvÂwjK miKv‡ii nv‡Z
_vwK‡e| `yB A‡ji Rb¨ `yBwU ¯Zš¿ Ô†÷UÕ e¨v¼ _vwK‡e|
(L) `yB A‡ji Rb¨ GKB Kv‡iwÝ _vwK‡e| G e¨e ’vq gy`ªv †K‡›`ªi
nv‡Z _vwK‡e| wKš‘ G Ae ’vq kvmbZ‡š¿ Ggb mywbw`©ó weavb
_vwK‡Z nB‡e hv‡Z c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gy`ªv cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b cvPvi
nB‡Z bv cv‡i| GB weav‡b cvwK Ív‡bi GKwU †dWv‡ij wiRvf©
e¨v¼ _vwK‡e| `yB A‡j `yBwU c„_K wiRvf© e¨v¼ _vwK‡e|
GB `yBwU weKí cÖ Íve nB‡Z †`Lv hvB‡e †h, gy`ªv‡K mivmwi
†K‡›`ªi nvZ nB‡Z cÖ‡`‡ki nv‡Z Avwbevi cÖ Íve Avwg Kwi bvB| hw`
Avgvi wØZxq Aëvi‡bwUf M„nxZ nq, Z‡e gy`ªv †K‡›`ªi nv‡ZB _vwKqv
hvB‡e| H Ae ’vq Avwg 21-`dv cÖ Ív‡ei †Ljv‡d †Kv‡bv mycvwik
KwiqvwQ, GK_v ejv P‡j bv|
hw` cwðg cvwK Ívwb fvBiv Avgvi GB cÖ Ív‡e ivwR bv nb, Z‡eB
ïay cÖ_g weKí A_v©r †K‡›`ªi nvZ nB‡Z gy`ªv‡K cÖ‡`‡ki nv‡Z Avwb‡Z
nB‡e| Avgvi `„p wek¦vm Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g fyj eySveywSi
Aemvb nB‡j Avgv‡`i Ges Dfq A‡ji myweavi LvwZ‡i cwðg
cvwK Ívwb fvBiv GB cª Ív‡e ivwR nB‡eb| Avgiv Zuv‡`i LvwZ‡i
msL¨vMwiôZv Z¨vM Kwiqv msL¨v-mvg¨ gvwbqv jBqvwQ, Zviv wK
Avgv‡`i LvwZ‡i GBUzKz Kwi‡eb bv?
Avi hw` Ae ’vMwZ‡K gy`ªv‡K cÖ‡`‡ki GjvKvq Avwb‡ZI nq, Zey
Zv‡Z †K›`ª `ye©j nB‡e bv; cvwK Ív‡bi †Kv‡bv Awbó nB‡e bv|
K¨vwe‡bU cø¨v‡b wbwLj fviZxq †K‡›`ªi †h cÖ Íve wQj, Zv‡Z gy`ªv
†K›`ªxq welq wQj bv| H cÖ Íve †ck Kwiqv weªwUk miKvi Ges H
cÖ Íve MÖnY Kwiqv Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jxM mK‡jB ¯xKvi Kwiqv‡Qb †h,
gy`ªv‡K †K›`ªxq welq bv KwiqvI †K›`ª Pwj‡Z cv‡i| K_vUv mZ¨|
ivóªxq A_©weÁv‡b GB e¨e ’vi ¯xK…wZ Av‡Q| †K‡›`ªi e`‡j cÖ‡`‡ki
nv‡Z A_©bxwZ ivLv Ges GKB †`‡k c„_K-c„_K wiRvf© e¨v¼ _vKvi
bwRi `ywbqvi eo-eo kw³kvjx iv‡óªI Av‡Q| †Lv` gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi
A_©bxwZ P‡j †dWv‡ij wiRvf© wm‡÷‡gi gva¨‡g c„_K-c„_K †÷U
e¨v‡¼i Øviv| G‡Z hy³ivóª aŸsm nq bvB; Zv‡`i Avw_©K eywbqv`I
fvw½qv c‡o bvB| AZ †h kw³kvjx †`v`©ÐcÖZvc †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb,
Zv‡`iI †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii †Kv‡bv A_©gš¿x ev A_©`dZi bvB| ïay
cÖv‡`wkK miKv‡ii A_©vr †÷U wicvewjKmg~‡niB A_©gš¿x I
A_© dZi Av‡Q| †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Avw_©K cÖ‡qvRb Hme cÖv‡`wkK
gš¿x I gš¿xi `dZi w`qvB wgwUqv _v‡K| `w¶Y Avwd«Kvi g‡Zv †`‡kI
AvÂwjK myweavi LvwZ‡i yBwU c„_K I ¯Zš¿ wiRvf© e¨v¼ eûw`b Av‡M
nB‡ZB Pvjy Av‡Q|
Avgvi cÖ Ív‡ei gg© GB †h, Dc‡iv³ yB weK‡íi wØZxqwU M„nxZ
nB‡j gy`ªv †K‡›`ªi ZË¡veav‡b _vwK‡e| †m Ae¯’vq Dfq A‡ji GKB
bKkvi gy`ªv eZ©gv‡b †hgb Av‡Q †Zgwb _vwK‡e| cv_©K¨ ïay GB nB‡e
†h, c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq gy`ªv c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi wiRvf© e¨v¼ nB‡Z
Bmy¨ nB‡e Ges Zv‡Z c~e© cvwK Ívb ev ms‡¶‡c ÔXvKvÕ †jLv _vwK‡e|
cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq gy`ªv cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi wiRvf© e¨v¼
nB‡Z Bmy¨ nB‡e Ges Zv‡Z Ôcwðg cvwK¯ÍvbÕ ev ms‡¶‡c Ôjv‡nviÕ
†jLv _vwK‡e| c¶všÍ‡i Avgvi cª Ív‡ei wØZxq weKí bv nBqv hw`
cÖ_g weKíI M„nxZ nq, †m Ae¯’v‡ZI Dfq A‡ji gy`ªv mn‡R
wewbgq‡hvM¨ _vwK‡e Ges cvwK¯Í‡bi H‡K¨i cÖZxK I wb`k©b¯iƒc
Dfq AvÂwjK miKv‡ii mn‡hvwMZvq GKB bKkvi gy`ªv cÖPjb Kiv
hvB‡e|
GKUz ZjvBqv wPšÍv Kwi‡jB †evSv hvB‡e †h, GB yB e¨e ’vi GKwU
MÖnY Kiv Qvov c~e© cvwK Ívb‡K wbwðZ A_©‰bwZK g„Zz i nvZ nB‡Z i¶v
Kivi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Dcvq bvB| mviv cvwK Ív‡bi Rb¨ GKB gy ªv nIqvi
I yB A‡ji gy ªvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv c„_K wPý bv _vKvq AvÂwjK Kv‡iwÝ
mvK©y‡jk‡b †Kv‡bv wewawb‡la I wbf©yj wnmve bvB| gy ªv I A_©bxwZ
†K› ªxq miKv‡ii GLwZqv‡i _vKvq AwZ mn‡RB c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi A_©
cwðg cvwK Ív‡b Pwjqv hvB‡Z‡Q| miKvwi-†emiKvwi cÖwZôvb, wkí-
evwYR¨, e¨vsK, Bbmy ‡iÝ I ˆe‡`wkK wgkbmg~‡ni †nW Awdm cwðg
cvwK Ív‡b Aew ’Z _vKvq cÖwZ wgwb‡U GB cvPv‡ii KvR Aweivg MwZ‡Z
Pwj‡Z‡Q| mK‡jB Rv‡bb, miKvwi †÷U e¨v¼ I b¨vkbvj e¨v¼mn mg Í
e¨v‡¼i †nW Awdm cwðg cvwK Ív‡b| GB †mw`b gvÎ cÖwZwôZ †QvU y-
GKLvwb e¨v¼ Bnvi mv¤cÖwZK e¨wZµg gvÎ| GBme e¨v‡¼i
wW‡cvwR‡Ui UvKv, †kqvi gvwb, wmwKDwiwU gvwb, wkí-evwY‡R¨i Avq,
gybvdv I †kqvi gvwb, GK K_vq c~e© cvwK Ív‡b AbywôZ mg Í Avw_©K
†jb‡`‡bi UvKv evjyP‡i Xvjv cvwbi g‡Zv GKUv‡b Zj‡`‡k †nW Awd‡m
A_©vr cwðg cvwK Ív‡b Pwjqv hvB‡Z‡Q, c~e© cvwK Ívb ïKbv evjyPi nBqv
_vwK‡Z‡Q| evjyP‡i cvwbi `iKvi nB‡j wUDeI‡qj Lyw`qv Zj‡`k
nB‡Z cvwb Zzwj‡Z nq| Aewkó cvwb Zj‡`‡k Rgv _v‡K| c~e©
cvwK Ív‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq A_©I †Zgwb †P‡Ki wUDeI‡q‡ji gva¨‡g cwðg
cvwK Ívb nB‡Z Avwb‡Z nq| DØ„Ë Avw_©K †mwfs Zj‡`‡kB A_©vr cwðg
cvwK Ív‡bB Rgv _v‡K| GB Kvi‡YB c~e© cvwK Ív‡b K¨vwc‡Uj di‡gkb
nB‡Z cv‡i bvB| me K¨vwc‡Uj di‡gkb cwð‡g nBqv‡Q| eZ©gvb
e¨e ’v Pwj‡Z _vwK‡j †Kv‡bv w`b c~e© cvwK Ív‡b g~jab MVb nB‡e bv|
KviY †mwfs gv‡bB K¨vwc‡Uj di‡gkb|
ïay d¬vBU-Ae-K¨vwc‡Uj ev gy`ªv cvPviB bq, gy`ªvùxwZ‡nZz c~e©
cvwK Ív‡b wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwb‡mi `yg~©j¨Zv RbM‡Yi we‡klZ
cvUPvlx‡`i `y`©kv mg‡ Íi Rb¨ `vqx GB gy`ªv e¨e ’v I A_©bxwZ| Avwg
5 bs `dvi e¨vL¨vq G e¨vcv‡i AviI we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv
KwiqvwQ| GLv‡b ïay GBUyKz ewjqv ivwL‡ZwQ †h, GB d¬vBU-Ae-
K¨vwc‡Uj eÜ Kwi‡Z bv cvwi‡j c~e© cvwK Ívwbiv wb‡Riv wkí-evwY‡R¨
GK cv-I AMÖmi nB‡Z cvwi‡e bv| KviY G Ae ’vq g~jab Mwoqv
DwV‡Z cv‡i bv|
7
6-`dv †NvlYvi ci cvwK Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx †kL gywRe‡K G‡Ki ci GK
gvgjvi Rv‡j Ave× K‡i| Ggwb GKwU gvgjvq Av`vj‡Z hv‡”Qb wZwb
wbix¶v
4 bs `dv
GB `dvq Avwg cÖ Íve KwiqvwQ †h, mKj cÖKvi U¨v·-LvRbv-Ki avh©
I Av`v‡qi ¶gZv _vwK‡e AvÂwjK miKv‡ii nv‡Z| †dWv‡ij miKv‡ii
†m ¶gZv _vwK‡e bv| AvÂwjK miKv‡ii Av`vqx †iwfwbD-Gi wba©vwiZ
Ask Av`v‡qi m‡½-m‡½ †dWv‡ij Znwe‡j A‡Uv‡gwUK¨vwj Rgv nBqv
hvB‡e| GB g‡g© wiRvf© e¨v¼mg~‡ni Dci eva¨Zvg~jK weavb kvmbZ‡š¿B
_vwK‡e| GBfv‡e RgvK„Z UvKvB †dWv‡ij miKv‡ii Znwej nB‡e|
Avgvi GB cÖ Ív‡eB Kv‡qwg ¯v‡_©i Kv‡jvevRvwi I gybvdv‡Lvi
†kvlKiv me‡P‡q †ewk PgwKqv DwVqv‡Q| Zviv ewj‡Z‡Q, U¨v· av‡h©i
¶gZv †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii bv _vwK‡j †m miKvi Pwj‡e wKiƒ‡c? †K›`ªxq
miKvi Zv‡Z †h G‡Kev‡i LqivZx cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ nB‡e| Lqiv‡Zi
Dci wbf©i Kwiqv †K›`ªxq miKvi †`ki¶v Kwi‡eb †Kg‡b? ciivóª
bxwZB ev PvjvB‡eb wK w`qv? cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq Puv`v bv w`‡j †K›`ªxq
miKvi‡Zv Abvnv‡i gviv hvB‡eb| AZGe GUv wbðqB cvwK¯Ívb
aŸs‡miB lohš¿|
Kv‡qwg ¯v_©xiv GB ai‡bi KZ K_vB bv ewj‡Z‡Qb| A_P GKUv
Avk¼vI mZ¨ bq †mUv eywSevi g‡Zv we`¨veyw× Zuv‡`i wbðqB Av‡Q| Zey
†h Zuviv Gme K_v ewj‡Z‡Qb, Zvi GKgvÎ KviY Zuv‡`i e¨w³MZ I
†kªwYMZ ¯v_©| †m ¯v_© c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbMY‡K Aev‡a †kvlY I jyÉb
Kivi AwaKvi| Zuviv Rv‡bb †h, Avgvi GB cÖ Ív‡e †K›`ª‡K U¨v· av‡h©i
`vwqZ¡ †`Iqv bv nB‡jI †K›`ªxq miKvi wbwe©‡Nœ Pjvi g‡Zv h‡_ó A‡_©i
e¨e ’v Kiv nBqv‡Q| †m e¨e¯’v wbLuyZ Kwievi kvmbZvwš¿K weavb iPbvi
mycvwik Kiv nBqv‡Q| GUvB miKvix Znwe‡ji me‡P‡q A‡gvN, Ae¨_©
I me©v‡c¶v wbivc` Dcvq| Zuviv GUvI Rv‡bb †h, †K›`ª‡K U¨v· av‡h©i
¶gZv bv w`qvI †dWv‡ikb Pjvi weavb ivóªweÁv‡b ¯xK…Z| Zuviv G
LeiI iv‡Lb †h, K¨vwe‡bU wgk‡bi †h cø vb weªwUk miKvi iPbv
KwiqvwQ‡jb Ges Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jxM Df‡qB MªnY KwiqvwQ‡jb,
Zv‡ZI mg¯Í U¨v· av‡h©i ¶gZv cÖ‡`‡ki nv‡Z †`Iqv nBqvwQj; †K› ª‡K
†m ¶gZv †`Iqv nq bvB| 3 bs `dvi e¨vL¨vq Avwg †`LvBqvwQ †h,
A_©gš¿x I A_© dZi QvovI `ywbqvi A‡bK †dWv‡ikb Pwj‡Z‡Q| Zvi
g‡a¨ `ywbqvi Ab¨Zg †kªô kw³kvjx †dWv‡ikb †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi
K_vI Avwg ewjqvwQ| Z_vq †K‡›`ª A_©gš¿x ev A_© dZi ewjqv †Kv‡bv
e ‘i Aw ÍZ¡B bvB| Zv‡Z wK A_©vfv‡e †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb aŸsm nBqv
wMqv‡Q? Zvi †`ki¶v evwnbx I ciivóª `dZi wK †mRb¨ `ye©j nBqv
cwoqv‡Q? c‡o bvB| Avgvi cÖ Íve Kvh©Kix nB‡jI †Zgwb cvwK Ív‡bi
†`ki¶v e¨e¯’v `ye©j nB‡e bv| KviY, Avgvi cÖ Ív‡e †K›`ªxq Znwe‡ji
wbivcËvi Rb¨ kvmbZvwš¿K weav‡bi mycvwik Kiv nBqv‡Q| †m Ae ’vq
kvmbZ‡š¿ Ggb weavb _vwK‡e †h, AvÂwjK miKvi †hLv‡b hLb †h
Lv‡ZB †h UvKv U¨v· avh© I Av`vq Kiæb bv †Kb, kvmbZ‡š¿ wba©vwiZ †m
UvKvi nv‡ii Ask wiRvf© e¨v‡¼ †K›`ªxq Znwe‡j Rgv nBqv hvB‡e| †m
UvKvi Dci AvÂwjK miKv‡ii †Kv‡bv nvZ _vwK‡e bv | GB e¨e ’vq
A‡bK myweav nB‡e| cÖ_gZ, †K›`ªxq miKvi‡K U¨v· Av`v‡qi Sv‡gjv
†cvnvB‡Z nB‡e bv| wØZxqZ, U¨v· avh© I Av`v‡qi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv `dZi
ev Awdmvi evwnbx ivwL‡Z nB‡e bv| Z…ZxqZ, A‡j I †K‡›`ªi Rb¨
U¨v· avh© I Av`v‡qi g‡a¨ Wywcø‡Kkb nB‡e bv| Zv‡Z Av`vqx LiPvq
Ace¨q I AcPq eÜ nB‡e| Hfv‡e mwÂZ UvKvi Øviv †`k MVb I
Dbœqbg~jK A‡bK KvR Kiv hvB‡e| Awdmvi evwnbx‡KI DbœZZi
mrKv‡R wb‡qvwRZ Kiv hvB‡e| PZy_©Z, U¨v· avh© I Av`v‡qi GKxKiY
8
6-`dv `vwe Av`v‡qi j‡ÿ¨ jovKz evOvwj ivRc‡_ Av‡›`vj‡b Suvwc‡q c‡o| bvixivI G mgq wgwQ‡j-wgwQ‡j ivRc_ Kuvwc‡q †Zv‡jb
wbix¶v
mnRZi nB‡e| mK‡jB Rv‡bb, A_©-weÁvbxiv GLb µ‡gB wm½j
U¨v‡·k‡bi w`‡K AvK„ó nB‡Z‡Qb| wm½j U¨v‡·k‡bi bxwZ‡K mK‡jB
AwaKZi ˆeÁvwbK I djcÖm~ ewjqv AwfwnZ Kwi‡Z‡Qb| U¨v‡·kb‡K
†dWv‡ik‡bi GjvKv nB‡Z A‡ji GLwZqvify³ Kiv GB m‡e©vËg I
me©‡kl Avw_©K bxwZ MÖn‡Yi cÖ_g c`‡¶c ejv hvB‡Z cv‡i|
5 bs `dv
GB `dvq Avwg ˆe‡`wkK evwYR¨ e¨vcv‡i wbgœiƒc kvmbZvwš¿K weav‡bi
mycvwik KwiqvwQ:
(1) `yB A‡ji ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv Av‡qi c„_K-c„_K wnmve ivwL‡Z nB‡e;
(2) c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi AwR©Z ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi GLwZqv‡i
Ges cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi AwR©Z ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi
GLwZqv‡i _vwK‡e|
(3) †dWv‡ik‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq we‡`wk gy`ªv `yB AÂj nB‡Z mgvbfv‡e
A_ev kvmbZ‡š¿ wba©vwiZ nvivnvwi g‡Z Av`vq nB‡e|
(4) †`kRvZ `ªe¨vw` webv ï‡é Dfq A‡ji g‡a¨ Avg`vwb-idZvwb
Pwj‡e|
(5) e¨emv-evwYR¨ m¤‡Ü we‡`‡ki m‡½ Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi, we‡`‡k †UªW
wgkb ¯’vc‡bi Ges Avg`vwb idZvwb Kwievi AwaKvi AvÂwjK
miKv‡ii nv‡Z b¨¯Í Kwiqv kvmbZvwš¿K weavb Kwi‡Z nB‡e|
c~e© cvwK Ívb‡K A_©‰bwZK wbwðZ g„Zz¨ nB‡Z i¶v Kwievi Rb¨ GB
e¨e ’v 3 bs `dvi g‡ZvB AZ¨vek¨K| cvwK¯Ív‡bi 18 eQ‡ii Avw_©K
BwZnv‡mi w`‡K GKUy bRi eyjvB‡jB †`Lv hvB‡e †h:
(K) c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi AwR©Z we‡`wk gy`ªv w`qv cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi wkí
Mwoqv †Zvjv nBqv‡Q Ges nB‡Z‡Q| †mB mKj wkíRvZ `ª‡e¨i
AwR©Z we‡`wk gy ªv‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi AwR©Z we‡`wk gy`ªv ejv
nB‡Z‡Q|
(L) c~e© cvwK Ív‡b g~jab Mwoqv bv DVvq c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi AwR©Z we‡`wk
gy`ªv e¨env‡ii ¶gZv c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi bvB-GB ARynv‡Z c~e©
cvwK Ív‡bi we‡`wk Avq cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b e¨q Kiv nB‡Z‡Q|
GBfv‡e c~e© cvwK¯Ívb wkívwqZ nB‡Z cvwi‡Z‡Q bv|
(M) c~e© cvwK Ívb †h cwigv‡Y Avq K‡i †mB cwigvY e¨q Kwi‡Z cv‡i
bv| mK‡jB Rv‡bb, c~e© cvwK¯Ívb †h cwigvY idZvwb K‡i
Avg`vwb K‡i mvaviYZ Zvi A‡a©‡KiI Kg| d‡j A_©bxwZi A‡gvN
wbqg Abymv‡iB c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b Bb‡d¬kb ev gy`ªvùxwZ g¨v‡jwiqv
R¡‡ii g‡Zv jvwMqvB Av‡Q| Zvi d‡j Avgv‡`i wbZ¨cª‡qvRbxq
`ªe¨vw`i `vg GZ †ewk| we‡`k nB‡Z Avg`vwb Kiv GKB wRwb‡mi
c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb `v‡gi Zyjbv Kwi‡jB GUv †evSv hvB‡e|
we‡`wk gy`ªv eȇbi `vwqZ¡ Ges A_©‰bwZK Ab¨vb¨ mg¯Í ¶gZv
†K›`ªxq miKv‡ii GLwZqv‡i _vKvi d‡jB Avgv‡`i GB y`©kv|
(N) cvwK Ív‡bi we‡`wk gy`ªvi wZb fv‡Mi `yB fvMB AwR©Z nq cvU
nB‡Z| A_P cvUPvlx‡K cv‡Ui b¨vh¨ g~j¨‡Zv ~‡ii K_v Avevw`
LiPvUvI †`Iqv nq bv| d‡j, cvUPvlx‡`i fvM¨ AvR wkícwZ I
e¨emvqx‡`i †Ljvi wRwb‡m cwiYZ nBqv‡Q| c~e© cvwK Ívb miKvi
cv‡Ui Pvl wbqš¿Y K‡ib, wKš‘ Pvlx‡K cv‡Ui b¨vh¨`vg w`‡Z cv‡ib
bv| Ggb A™¢yZ A_©bxwZ `ywbqvi Avi †Kv‡bv †`‡k bvB| hZw`b
cvU _v‡K Pvlxi N‡i, ZZw`b cv‡Ui `vg _v‡K 15-20 UvKv|
e¨emvqxi ¸`v‡g Pwjqv hvIqvi mv‡_-mv‡_ Zvi `vg nq cÂvk
UvKv| G †Ljv Mwie cvUPvlx wPiKvj †`wLqv Avwm‡Z‡Q| cvU
e¨emvq RvZxqKiY Kwiqv cvU idZvwb‡K miKvwi Avq‡Ë Avbv
Qvov Gi †Kv‡bv cÖwZKvi bvB, GK_v Avgiv eûevi ewjqvwQ| G
D‡Ï‡k¨ Avgiv AvIqvgx jxM gwš¿mfvi Avg‡j RyU gv‡K©wUs
K‡c©v‡ikb MVb KwiqvwQjvg| c‡i †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii mvnv‡h¨
cuywRcwZiv Avgv‡`i †m Aviä KvR e¨_© Kwiqv w`qv‡Qb|
(O) c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi AwR©Z we‡`wk gy`ªvB †h ïay cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b LiP
nB‡Z‡Q Zv bq, Avgv‡`i AwR©Z we‡`wk gy`ªvi †Rv‡i †h wecyj
cwigvY we‡`wk †jvb I GBW Avwm‡Z‡Q, ZvI cwðg cvwK Ív‡b e¨q
nB‡Z‡Q| wKš‘ †m †jv‡bi my` enb Kwi‡Z nB‡Z‡Q c~e©
cwK Ívb‡KB| H Ae¯’vi cÖwZKvi Kwiqv cvUPvlx‡K cv‡Ui
b¨vh¨g~j¨ w`‡Z nB‡j, Avg`vwb-idZvwb mgvb Kwiqv RbmvaviY‡K
m Ív `v‡g wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨ mieivn Kwiqv Zv‡`i Rxeb myLgq
Kwi‡Z nB‡j Ges m‡e©vcwi Avgv‡`i AwR©Z we‡`wk gy`ªv w`qv c~e©
cvwK¯Ívwbi nv‡Z c~e© cvwK Ívb‡K wkívwqZ Kwi‡Z nB‡j Avgvi
cÖ ÍvweZ GB e¨e ’v Qvov DcvqvšÍi bvB|
6 bs `dv
GB `dvq Avwg c~e© cvwK Ív‡b wgwjwkqv ev c¨vivwgwjUvwi i¶xevwnbx
MV‡bi mycvwik KwiqvwQ| G `vwe Ab¨vqI bq, bZzbI bq| 21-`dvi
`vwe‡Z Avgiv Avbmvi evwnbx‡K BDwbdg©avix mk ¿ evwnbx‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ
Kivi `vwe KwiqvwQjvg| Zv‡Zv Kiv nqB bvB ei c~e© cvwK Ívb
miKv‡ii Aaxb ’ BwcAvi evwnbx‡K GLb †K‡› ªi Aax‡b †bIqv
nBqv‡Q| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b A¯¿-KviLvbv I †bŠevwnbxi †nW‡KvqvU©vi ¯’vcb
KiZt G AÂj‡K AvZœi¶vq AvZœwbf©i Kivi `vwe 21-`dvi `vwe| wKš‘
†K›`ªxq miKvi 12 eQ‡iI Avgv‡`i GKwU `vweI c~iY K‡ib bvB| c~e©
cvwK¯Ívb AwaKvsk cvwK¯Ívwbi evm¯’vb| GUv‡K i¶v Kiv †K›`ªxq
miKv‡iiB ˆbwZK I ivóªxq `vwqZ¡| cvjb K‡ib bv †Kb? cwðg
cvwK¯Ívb Av‡M euvPvBqv mgq I my‡hvM _vwK‡j c‡i c~e© cvwK Ívb euvPvb
nB‡e, BnvB wK †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii AwfgZ? c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi i¶ve¨e¯’v
cwðg cvwK Ív‡bB iwnqv‡Q Ggb mvsNvwZK K_v kvmbKZ©viv e‡jb †Kvb
gy‡L? gvÎ 17 w`‡bi cvK-fviZ hy×B wK cÖgvY K‡i bvB Avgiv KZ
wbiæcvq? kÎæi `qv I gwR©i Dci †Zv Avgiv euvwPqv _vwK‡Z cvwi bv|
†K›`ªxq miKv‡ii †`kiÿv bxwZ Kvh©Z Avgv‡`i‡K ZvB Kwiqv ivwLqv‡Q|
Zey Avgiv cvwK¯Ív‡bi HK¨ I msnwZi LvwZ‡i †`ki¶v e¨e¯’v
†K›`ªxq miKv‡ii nv‡Z ivwL‡Z PvB| m‡½-m‡½ G-I PvB †h, †K›`ªxq
miKvi c~e© cvwK Ívb‡K G e¨vcv‡i AvZœwbf©i Kwievi Rb¨ GLv‡b Dchy³
cwigvY †`ki¶v evwnbx MVb Kiæb| A ¿ KviLvbv ’vcb Kiæb| †bŠevwn-
bxi `dZi GLv‡b wbqv Avmyb| Gme KvR miKvi K‡e Kwi‡eb Rvwb
bv| wKš‘ BwZg‡a¨ Aí Li‡P †QvULv‡Uv A ¿k¯¿ w`qv Avav-mvgwiK evwn-
bx MVb Kwi‡ZI cwðgv fvB‡`i GZ AvcwË †Kb? c~e© cvwK¯Ívb i¶vi
D‡Ï‡k¨ ¯Zš¿ hy×-Znwe‡j Puv`v DwV‡j ZvI †K›`ªxq i¶v Znwe‡j wbqv
hvIqv nq †Kb? Hme cÖ‡kœi DËi bvB| Zey †K›`ªxq e¨vcv‡i A‡ji
n ͇¶c Kwievi AwaKvi AvgivI PvB bv| G Ae ’vq c~e© cvwK¯Ívb †hgb
Kwiqv cv‡i Mwiex nv‡jB AvZœi¶vi e¨e ’v Kwi‡e, Ggb `vwe wK Ab¨vq?
GB `vwe Kwi‡jB †mUv nB‡e †`k‡`ªvwnZv?
G cÖm‡½ cwðg cvwK Ívwb fvB-†evb‡`i †L`g‡Z Avgvi K‡qKwU
AviR Av‡Q:
GK. Zuviv g‡b Kwi‡eb bv Avwg ïay c~e© cvwK Ívwb‡`i AwaKvi `vwe
Kwi‡ZwQ| Avgvi 6-`dv Kg©m~wP‡Z cwðg cvwK Ívwb‡`i `vweI
mgfv‡eB iwnqv‡Q| G `vwe ¯xK…Z nB‡j cwðg cvwK ÍvwbivI
mgfv‡e DcK…Z nB‡eb|
`yB. Avwg hLb ewj, c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi m¤ú` cwðg cvwK Ív‡b cvPvi I
¯Í~cxK…Z nB‡Z‡Q ZLb Avwg AvÂwjK ˆel‡g¨i K_vB ewj,
e¨w³MZ ˆel‡g¨i K_v ewj bv| Avwg Rvwb, G ˆelg¨ m„wói Rb¨
cwðg cvwK Ívwbiv `vqx bq| Avwg GI Rvwb †h, Avgv‡`i g‡Zv
`wi`ª cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bI A‡bK Av‡Qb| hZw`b abZvwš¿K mgvR
e¨e ’vi Aemvb bv nB‡e, ZZw`b e¨w³‡Z-e¨w³‡Z GB Amvg¨
`~i nB‡e bv| wKš‘ Zvi Av‡M AvÂwjK †kvlYI eÜ Kwi‡Z
nB‡e| GB AvÂwjK †kvl‡Yi Rb¨ `vqx Avgv‡`i †fŠ‡MvwjK
Ae ’vb Ges †mB Ae¯’vb‡K AMÖvn¨ Kwiqv †h A¯vfvweK e¨e¯’v
PvjvBevi †Póv Pwj‡Z‡Q| aiæb, hw` cvwK Ív‡bi ivRavbx cwðg
cvwK Ív‡b bv nBqv c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b nBZ, Z‡e Kvi wK Amyweav
nBZ GKUz wePvi Ki‡Zb| cvwK Ív‡bi †`ki¶v evwnbxi wZbwU
`dZiB hw` c~e© cvwK Ív‡b _vwKZ, Z‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi †gvU
ivR‡¯i kZKiv 62 UvKv LiP nq †`ki¶v evwnbx‡Z Ges
kZKiv 32 UvKv LiP nq †K›`ªxq miKvi cwiPvjbvq| GB GKzb
kZKiv PzivbeŸB UvKv cwðg cvwK Ív‡b bv nBqv ZLb LiP nBZ
c~e© cvwK Ív‡b| Avcbviv Rv‡bb A_©-weÁv‡bi K_v: miKvwi Avq
RbM‡Yi e¨q Ges miKvwi e¨q RbM‡Yi Avq| GB wbq‡g
eZ©gvb e¨e ’vq miKv‡ii †MvUv Av‡qi A‡a©K c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi
e¨q wVKB, wKš‘ miKvwi e¨‡qi meUzKzB cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi Avq|
9
wbix¶v
ivRavbx cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b Aew ’Z _vKvq miKvwi, Avav-
miKvwi cÖwZôvbmg~n Ges we‡`wk wgkbmg~n Zv‡`i mg¯Í e¨q
cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bB Kwi‡Z eva¨ nB‡Z‡Qb| GB e¨‡qi mvKzj¨B
cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi Avq|& d‡j, cÖwZeQi cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi Avq
H Abycv‡Z evwo‡Z‡Q Ges c~e© cvwK¯Ívb Zvi †gvKvwejvq H
cwigvY Mwie nB‡Z‡Q| hw` cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi e`‡j c~e©
cvwK¯Ívb Avgv‡`i ivRavbx nBZ, Z‡e GBme (Lei) c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b nBZ| Avgiv c~e© cvwK¯Ívbxiv GB cwigv‡Y abx
nBZvg| Avcbviv cwðg cvwK Ívwbiv H cwigv‡Y Mwie
nB‡Zb| ZLb Avcbviv wK Kwi‡Zb? †hme `vwe Kivi Rb¨
Avgv‡K cÖv‡`wkK m¼xY©Zvi Zn&gZ w`‡Z‡Qb †mBme `vwe
Avcbviv wb‡RivB Kwi‡Zb| Avgv‡`i †P‡q †Rv‡iB Kwi‡Zb|
A‡bK Av‡MB Kwi‡Zb| Avgv‡`i g‡Zv 18 eQi ewmqv
_vwK‡Zb bv| †mUv Kiv Avcbv‡`i Ab¨vqI nBZ bv|
wZb. Avcbviv Hme `vwe Kwi‡j Avgiv c~e© cvwK¯Ívwbiv wK KwiZvg,
Rv‡bb? Avcbv‡`i me `vwe gvwbqv jBZvg| Avcbvw`M‡K
cÖv‡`wkKZvev`x ewjqv Mvj w`Zvg bv| KviY, Avgiv Rvwb Ges
wek¦vm Kwi, Ime Avcbv‡`i nK& cvIbv| wb‡Ri nK& cvIbv
`vwe Kiv Ab¨vq bq, KZ©e¨| G wek¦vm Avgv‡`i GZB AvšÍwiK
†h, †m Ae ’v nB‡j Avcbv‡`i `vwe Kwi‡Z nBZ bv|
Avcbv‡`i `vwe Kivi Av‡MB Avcbv‡`i nK& Avcbvw`M‡K
eySvBqv w`Zvg| Avgiv wb‡R‡`i nK& `vwe Kwi‡ZwQ ewjqv
Avgv‡`i ¯v_©ci ewj‡Z‡Qb| wKš‘ Avcbviv †h wb‡R‡`i n‡Ki
mv‡_ mv‡_ Avgv‡`i nK&UvI LvBqv †dwj‡Z‡Qb, Avcbv‡`i
†jv‡K wK ewj‡e? Avgiv ïay wb‡R‡`i nK&UvB PvB| Avcbv‡`i
nK&Uv AvZœmvr Kwi‡Z PvB bv| Avgv‡`i w`evi AvIKvr _vwK‡j
ei ci‡K wKQz w`qvI †`B| `„óvšÍ Pvb? ïbyb Z‡e:
(1) cÖ_g MYcwil‡` Avgv‡`i †g¤i msL¨v wQj 44; Avi
Avcbv‡`i wQj 28| Avgiv B”Qv Kwi‡j MYZvwš¿K kw³‡Z
†fv‡Ui †Rv‡i ivRavbx I †`ki¶vi m`i `dZi c~e© cvwK Ív‡b
Avwb‡Z cvwiZvg| Zv Kwi bvB|
(2) cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i msL¨víZv †`wLqv fvB‡qi `i` jBqv
Avgv‡`i 44Uv Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 6Uv‡Z c~e© cvwK¯Ívwbi †fv‡U
cwðg cvwK Ívwb †g¤i wbe©vPb KwiqvwQjvg|
(3) B”Qv Kwi‡j †fv‡Ui †Rv‡i ïay evsjv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv
Kwi‡Z cvwiZvg| Zv bv Kwiqv evsjvÕi mv‡_ D`y©‡KI ivóªfvlvi
`vwe KwiqvwQjvg|
(4) B”Qv Kwi‡j †fv‡Ui †Rv‡i c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi myweavRbK
kvmbZš¿ iPbv Kwi‡Z cvwiZvg|
(5) Avcbv‡`i gb nB‡Z †gRwiwU fq `~i Kwiqv †m ’‡j åvZ…Z¡ I
mgZv‡eva m„wói Rb¨ Dfq A‡j mKj wel‡q mgZv weav‡bi
Avk¦v‡m Avgiv msL¨v¸iæZ¡ Z¨vM Kwiqv msL¨v-mvg¨ MÖnY
KwiqvwQjvg|
Pvi. myZivs cwðg cvwK Ívwb fvB mv‡nevb, Avcbviv †`wL‡Z‡Qb,
†hLv‡b-†hLv‡b Avgv‡`i `vb Kwievi AvIKvr wQj, Avgiv `vb
KwiqvwQ| Avi wKQzB bvB `vb Kwievi| _vwK‡j wbðq w`Zvg|
hw` c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b ivRavbx nBZ Z‡e Avcbv‡`i `vwe Kwievi
Av‡MB Avgiv cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b mZ¨mZ¨B wØZxq ivRavbx
’vcb KwiZvg| wØZxq ivRavbxi bv‡g †auvKv w`Zvg bv| †m
Ae ’vq †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii mKj cÖKvi e¨q hv‡Z Dfq A‡j
mgvb nq, Zvi wbLuyZ e¨e ’v KwiZvg| mKj e¨vcv‡i cwðg
cvwK¯Ívb‡K mvgwMÖKfv‡e Ges cÖ‡`kmg~n‡K c„_K-c„_Kfv‡e
c~Y© ¯vqËkvmb w`Zvg| Avgiv †`LvBZvg, c~e© cvwK Ívwbiv
†gRwiwU ewjqvB cvwK Ívb ïay c~e© cvwK Ívwb‡`i bq, †QvU-eo
wbwe©‡k‡l Zv mKj cvwK Ívwbi| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b ivRavbx nB‡j
Zvi my‡hvM jBqv Avgiv c~e© cvwK¯Ívwbiv me AwaKvi I PvKzwi
MÖvm KwiZvg bv| cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmbfvi cwðg
cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i nv‡ZB w`Zvg| Avcbv‡`i KUb †ev‡W© Avgiv
†Pqvig¨vb nB‡Z hvBZvg bv, Avcbv‡`i cÖ‡`‡ki Avgiv Mfb©i
nB‡ZI PvwnZvg bv| Avcbv‡`i wc-AvB-wW-wm, Avcbv‡`i
Iqvc`v, Avcbv‡`i wW-AvB-wU, Avcbv‡`i †cvU© Uªv÷,
Avcbv‡`i †ijI‡q BZ¨vw`i †Pqvig¨vwb Avgiv `Lj KwiZvg
bv| Avcbv‡`iB Kwi‡Z w`Zvg| mg¯Í Aj cvwK¯Ívwb
cÖwZôvb‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b †K›`ªxf~Z KwiZvg bv| djZ c~e©
cvwK Ívb‡K A_©bxwZ‡Z †gvUv I cwðg cvwK Ívb‡K miæ
KwiZvg bv| `yB A‡ji g‡a¨ GB gvivZ¥K wW¯ú¨vwiwU m„wó
nB‡Z w`Zvg bv|
Ggwb D`viZv, Ggb wbi‡c¶Zv, cvwK Ív‡bi `yB A‡ji g‡a¨
Ggb Bbmvd †evaB cvwK¯Ívwb †`k‡cÖ‡gi eywbqv`| GUv hvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q
†Kej wZwbB †`k‡cÖwgK| †h †bZvi g‡a¨ GB †cÖg Av‡Q, †Kej wZwbB
cvwK¯Ív‡bi Dfq A‡ji Dci †bZ…‡Z¡i †hvM¨| †h †bZv wek¦vm K‡ib,
`yBwU AÂj Avm‡j cvwK Ívb iv‡óªi ivóªxq †`‡ni `yB †PvL, `yB Kvb,
`yB bvwmKv, `yB cvwU `uvZ, `yB nvZ, `yB cv; †h †bZv wek¦vm K‡ib
cvwK¯Ívb‡K kw³kvjx Kwi‡Z nB‡j GBme †Rvovi `yBwU‡KB mgvb my ’
I kw³kvjx Kwi‡Z nB‡e; †h †bZv wek¦vm K‡ib cvwK Ív‡bi GK A½
`ye©j nB‡j †MvUv cvwK¯ÍvbB `ye©j nBqv c‡o; †h †bZv wek¦vm K‡ib
B”Qv Kwiqv ev Rvwbqv-ïwbqv hviv cvwK Ív‡bi GK A½‡K `ye©j Kwi‡Z
Pvq Zviv cvwK¯Ív‡bi `ykgb; †h †bZv `„p I mej n‡¯Í †mB `ykgb‡`i
kv‡q Ív Kwi‡Z cÖ ‘Z Av‡Qb, †Kej wZwbB cvwK Ív‡bi RvZxq †bZv
nBevi AwaKvix| †Kej ZuviB †bZ…‡Z¡ cvwK¯Ív‡bi HK¨ AUzU I kw³
Aciv‡Rq nB‡e| cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡Zv wekvj I AmvaviY iv‡óªi bvqK
nB‡Z nB‡j bvq‡Ki AšÍiI nB‡Z nB‡e wekvj AmvaviY| Avkv Kwi,
Avgvi cwðg cvwK Ívwb fvBiv GB gvcKvwV‡Z Avgvi Qq-`dv Kg©m~wPi
wePvi Ki‡eb| Zv hw` Zuviv K‡ib Z‡e †`wL‡Z cvB‡eb, Avgvi GB
Qq-`dv ïay c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi euvPvi `vwe bq, †MvUv cvwK Ív‡biB euvPvi
`vwe|
Avgvi wcÖq fvB-†ev‡biv,
Avcbviv †`wL‡Z‡Qb †h, Avgvi 6-`dv `vwe‡Z GKwUI Ab¨vq,
Am½Z, cwðg cvwK Ívbwe‡ivax ev cvwK Ívb aŸsmKvix cÖ Íve Kwi bvB|
ei Avwg hyw³ZK© mnKv‡i †`LvBjvg, Avgvi mycvwik MÖnY Kwi‡j
cvwK¯Ívb Av‡iv A‡bK †ewk kw³kvjx nB‡e| Z_vwc Kv‡qwg ¯v‡_©i
gyLcvÎiv Avgvi weiæ‡× †`k‡`ªvwnZvi GjRvg jvMvB‡Z‡Qb| GUv
bZzbI bq, we¯§‡qi K_vI bq| c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi gRjyg RbM‡Yi c‡¶
K_v ewj‡Z wMqv Avgvi evcÑ`v`vi g‡Zv gyiæweŸivB G‡`i Kv‡Q Mvj
LvBqv‡Qb, G‡`i nv‡Z jvÃbv †fvM Kwiqv‡Qb, Avi Avwg †Kvb Qvi?
†`kevmxi g‡b Av‡Q, Avgv‡`i bqbgwY †k‡ievsjv dRjyj nK‡K Giv
†`k‡ ªvnx ewjqvwQ‡jb| †`kevmx G-I †`wLqv‡Qb †h, cvwK Ív‡bi
Ab¨Zg mªóv, cvwK¯Ív‡bi me©Rbgvb¨ RvZxq †bZv knx`
†mvn&ivIqv`©x‡KI †`k‡ ªvwnZvi Awf‡hv‡M KviveiY Kwi‡Z nBqvwQj
G‡`iB nv‡Z| AZGe †`Lv †Mj, c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi b¨vh¨ `vwei K_v
ewj‡Z †M‡j †`k‡`ªvwnZvi e`bvg I †Rj-Ryjy‡gi SuywK jBqvB †m
KvR Kwi‡Z nB‡e| AZx‡Z Ggb A‡bK †Rj-Ryjyg fywMevi ZKw`i
Avgvi nBqv‡Q| gyiæweŸ‡`i †`vIqvq, mnKgx©‡`i mü`qZvq Ges
†`kevmxi mg_©‡b †mme mn¨ Kwievi g‡Zv g‡bi ej Avjøvn& Avgv‡K
`vb Kwiqv‡Qb| mv‡o cuvP †KvwU c~e© cvwK Ívwbi fv‡jvevmv‡K m¤j
Kwiqv Avwg GKv‡R †h-†Kv‡bv Z¨v‡Mi Rb¨ cÖ ‘Z AvwQ| Avgvi
†`kevmxi Kj¨v‡Yi Kv‡Q Avgvi g‡Zv bMY¨ e¨w³i Rxe‡bi g~j¨B ev
KZUzKz? gRjyg †`kevmxi euvPvi `vwei Rb¨ msMÖvg Kivi †P‡q gnr
KvR Avi wKQzB Av‡Q ewjqv Avwg g‡b Kwi bv| giûg Rbve knx`
†mvnivIqv`©xi b¨vq †hvM¨ †bZvi Kv‡QB Avwg G Ávb jvf KwiqvwQ|
Zuvi cv‡qi Z‡j ewmqvB GZKvj †`kevmxi †L`gZ Kwievi †Póv
KwiqvwQ| wZwbI AvR euvwPqv bvB, AvwgI AvR †hŠe‡bi †KvVv eû
wcQ‡b †dwjqv †cÖŠp‡Z¡ †cuvwQqvwQ| Avgvi †`‡ki wcÖq fvB-†ev‡biv
Avjøvni `iMvq ïay GB †`vIqv Kwi‡eb, evwK RxebUzKz Avwg †hb
Zv‡`i ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK gyw³ mvabvq wb‡qvwRZ Kwi‡Z cvwi|
4Vv ˆPÎ, 1372|
Avcbv‡`i †mœn-ab¨ Lv‡`g
†kL gywReyi ingvb|
m~Î: evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZvhy× `wjjcÎ (2q LÐ)
10
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Õ71-Gi 3iv wW‡m¤i `xN© 24 eQ‡ii RvZxq gyw³msMÖv‡gi P‚ovšÍ iƒc bq
gv‡mi i³¶qx gyw³hy‡× mvwe©K mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i| Avgiv ZLb weR‡qi
ØvicÖv‡šÍ| gyw³evwnbxi PZzg©zLx †Mwijv Avµg‡Y weaŸ Í cvKevwnbx Gw`b
DcvqvšÍi bv †`‡L GKZidvfv‡e fvi‡Zi weiæ‡× hy× †NvlYv K‡i|
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wb| A_P Õ75-Gi 15 AvM÷ ¯vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z civwRZ kw³i
†`vmi Lywb †gvkZvK-ikx`-dviæK-Wvwjg Pµ e½eÜyÕ‡K mcwiev‡i nZ¨v
Kij! †h ¯vaxbZv we‡ivaxiv gv‡K †Q‡jnviv, wcZv‡K cyÎnviv, †evb‡K
¯vgxnviv K‡iwQj; †Rbv‡ij wRqv Zv‡`i‡K ivRbxwZ‡Z cybe©vwmZ K‡i
gnvb gyw³hy‡×i Av`k©‡K msweavb †_‡K DrcvwUZ K‡iwQj| civwRZ
kw³i cybiæÌv‡b cÖwZ gyn~‡Z© †h ev ÍeZvi gy‡LvgywL n‡qwQÑ Zv‡Z †Kewj
g‡b n‡q‡Q, weR‡qi Avb›` ¶Y ’vqx, Avi civR‡qi Møvwb `xN© ’vqx!
Z_vwc my`xN© msMÖv‡gi ga¨w`‡q RvwZi Rb‡Ki my‡hvM¨ Kb¨v †kL nvwm-
bvÕi †bZ…‡Z¡ evOvwj RvwZ mvsweavwbK-MYZvwš¿K AwaKvi mgybœZ †i‡L
Ges civR‡qi Møvwb †_‡K wb‡R‡`i Aegy³ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q|
†jLK : AvIqvgx jxM †bZv, msm` m`m¨, evwYR¨gš¿x
MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi
cvwK¯Ív‡bi KvivMvi e½eÜyÕ‡K AvU‡K ivL‡Z cv‡i wb; g„Zy¨`Ð w`‡qI Kvh©Ki
Ki‡Z cv‡i wb| A_P Õ75-Gi 15 AvM÷ ¯vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z civwRZ
kw³i †`vmi Lywb †gvkZvK-ikx`-dviæK-Wvwjg Pµ e½eÜyÕ‡K mcwiev‡i
nZ¨v Kij! †h ¯vaxbZv we‡ivaxiv gv‡K †Q‡jnviv, wcZv‡K cyÎnviv, †evb‡K
¯vgxnviv K‡iwQj; †Rbv‡ij wRqv Zv‡`i‡K ivRbxwZ‡Z cybe©vwmZ K‡i gnvb
gyw³hy‡×i Av`k©‡K msweavb †_‡K DrcvwUZ K‡iwQj
wbix¶v
cÖ e Ü
. .
Dwbk kÕ GKvˇii 7B gvP©| †im‡Kvm© gq`vb (hv eZ©gv‡b †mvnivIqv`©x
D`¨vb e‡j cwiwPZ) †_‡K wVK we‡Kj 3Uv 2 wgwb‡U e½eÜzÕi eRªK‡É
D”PvwiZ n‡jv †mB AvßevK¨ ÔGev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡`i gyw³i msMÖvg,
Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯vaxbZvi msMÖvg|Õ 18 wgwb‡Ui †mB e³…Zv cv‡ë w`‡jv
evsjvi BwZnvm, evOvwji BwZnvm| G AvßevK¨ wK nVvr-B D”PvwiZ
n‡qwQj? Gi †cQ‡b cÖ ‘wZ wQj, msMÖvg wQj, i³ S‡iwQj eûevi, †mB
evqvbœ †_‡KB| †hw`b evOvwj eyS‡Z wk‡LwQj †h, †m evOvwj, evsjv Zvi
fvlv, †mw`b †_‡KB cvwK Ívb †f‡O hvIqvi cÖwµqv ïiæ| 1948-G gyn¤§`
Avjx wRbœvn e‡jwQ‡jb: ‘If we begin to think of ourselves asBengalis, Punjabis and Sindhis first, and Moslems and
14
Pakistanis only incidentally, then Pakistan is bound to dis-integate.’ (The Magazine, 15 gvP© 1971)| 7B gv‡P©i Av‡MB e½eÜz
Time-Gi msev``vZv Dan Coggin-†K e‡jwQ‡jb, mg‡SvZvi Avi
†Kv‡bv Avkv †bB|
1jv gvP© †_‡KB ivRc‡_ i³cvZ Avi¤¢ K‡iwQj nvbv`vi cvwK Ívwb
evwnbx| †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Avevi †NvlYv w`‡jv †h, MYcwil‡`i ˆeVK em‡e
25†k gvP©| †Rbv‡ij‡`i `¤¢fiv K‡É †kvbv †Mj, ÔhZw`b Avwg †mbvevwn-
bxi cÖavb AvwQ, Avwg †`wL‡q †`‡ev wKfv‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi ALÐZv wbwðZ
Ki‡Z nq|Õ e½eÜzÕi 18 wgwb‡Ui e³…Zvq †f‡m wM‡qwQj H †Rbv‡i‡ji
`‡¤¢vw³| wbôzifv‡e mZ¨ n‡qwQj wRbœvni Avk¼v| †Rbv‡i‡ji `‡¤¢vw³i
Dˇi e½eÜz cwðg cvwK Ívwb‡`i D‡Ï‡k e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔI‡`i Avwg kv‡q Ív
K‡i †`‡ev, I‡`i nuvUz †Mu‡o em‡Z eva¨ Kie|Õ
5B †deªæqvwi, 1966-†Z †kL gywRe 6-`dv cÖ Íve jv‡nv‡i DÌvcb
K‡ib ivR‰bwZK `‡ji ˆeV‡K| cvwK Ív‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye‡K G Kg©m~wP
wePwjZ K‡i †Zv‡j| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZvi Kvh©Ki c`‡ÿc wQj Zv| 6-
`dv cÖ Ív‡e wQj evOvwji euvPvi `vwe Ges H cÖ Ív‡e ¯vaxbZv msMÖvg GK
bZzb †gvo †bq| ZLb †_‡KB †kL gywRe‡K †K›`ª K‡i evsjvÕi ivRbxwZ
G¸‡Z _v‡K|
7B gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi ci av‡c av‡c A_P AZ¨šÍ `ªæZMwZ‡Z AMÖmi nq
ivRbxwZ| evsjvÕi gvbyl e½eÜzÕi †mB HwZnvwmK †NvlYvi Rb¨ †hb `xN©
cÖZxÿvq wQj Ges Zuvi wb‡`©kbv ev ͇e iƒcvšÍwiZ Kivi K‡Vvi kc_ wbj|
e¯‘Z ¯vaxbZvi msMÖvg Avi¤¢ nq 7B gvP© c~e© cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii cZ‡bi
ÔAvwg KjKvZv †Kb, †h †Kv‡bv †`‡k
cvjv‡Z cviZvg; wKš‘ Avwg Avgvi †`‡ki
†jvK‡K hy× Kivi K_v e‡jwQjvg, Zv‡`i
†d‡j Avwg †Kv_vq hve?Õ d«÷ Gi Dˇi
e‡jb, Ô†m K_v wVK, GB 9 gvm Avcbv‡K
Avcbvi †`‡ki gvbyl Av ’vi cÖZxK
wn‡m‡e †`‡L‡Q| Zviv Avcbv‡K GLb
Ck¦‡ii g‡Zv g‡b K‡i|Õ
e½eÜz I gyw³hy‡×i mk¯¿ Aa¨vq
†`wk-we‡`wk
msev`c‡Î cÖwZdjb
wePvicwZ †K Gg †mvenvb
15
mv‡_| weKí miKvi Pj‡Z _v‡K e½eÜzÕi Av‡`‡k| mwPevjqB †nvK ev
gš¿YvjqB †nvK, Zv ’vbvšÍwiZ n‡jv B‡Wb wewìs †_‡K avbgwÐ 32
b¤‡i| Qq`dv ZLb GK `dvi msMÖv‡g iƒc †`qÑ ¯vwaKvi †_‡K
¯vaxbZvi msMÖvg| e½eÜzÕi †NvlYv: Ô†Zvgv‡`i Kv‡Q Avgvi Aby‡iva
iBj, cÖ‡Z¨K N‡i-N‡i `yM© M‡o †Zv‡jv| †Zvgv‡`i hv wKQz Av‡Q ZvB
wb‡q kÎæi †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z n‡e| Rxe‡bi Z‡i iv ÍvNvU hv-hv Av‡Q
mewKQzÑ Avwg hw` ûgwK w`evi bv-I cvwi, †Zvgiv eÜ K‡i †`‡e|Õ G
Av‡`k mk¯¿ msMÖv‡gi Av‡`k, hy‡×i cÖ ‘wZ| 25†k gvP© Av‡jvPbv
Amgvß †i‡L †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv KivwPi D‡Ï‡k¨ XvKv Z¨vM K‡i| 25†k
gvP© ga¨iv‡Zi ci BwcAv‡ii Iq¨vi‡j‡mi gva¨‡g e½eÜzÕi ¯vaxbZvi
†NvlYv †Mj †`‡ki me©Î Ges mKj‡K gyw³hy‡×i Rb¨ ˆZwi nIqvi
wb‡`©k w`‡jb e½eÜz| ‘When the First shot had been fired,the voice of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman came faintlythrough on a wavelength close to that of the officialPakistan Radio. In what must have been and soundedlike a prerecorded message the Sheikh proclaimed EastPakistan to be the People’s Republic of Bangladesh(David Lashake, Pakistan Crisis, London, PP. 88-89)|e½eÜzÕi ¯vaxbZvi †NvlYvq Zuvi ¯K‡É ejv n‡qwQj: ‘Peoples arefighting gallantly with the enemy for the cause of free-dom of Bangladesh. Every section of the people ofBangladesh are asked to resist the enemy forces at anycost in every corner of Bangladesh. May Allah bless youand help you in your struggle for freedom from theenemy. Joy Bangla.’ (The Statesman, Delhi, 27 March1971).
e½eÜzÕi G Av‡`‡kB jÿ jÿ mvaviY gvbyl A ¿ Zz‡j wb‡qwQj
nvbv`vi evwnbxi weiæ‡×| wÎk jÿ †jvK Rxeb w`‡qwQj ¯vaxbZvi
Rb¨| 2 jÿ bvix jvwÃZ n‡qwQj nvbv`vi evwnbxi nv‡Z|
gv‡P©i cÖ_gw`b †_‡KB cvwK Ívb miKvi c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi kvmb
ÿgZv nvwi‡qwQj| e½eÜzÕB wQ‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki GK‡gevwØZxqg& †bZv|
gIjvbv fvmvbxÕi g‡Zv †bZvI †g‡b wb‡qwQ‡jb e½eÜzÕi †bZ…Z¡| 9B
gvP© wZwb cëb gq`v‡b wekvj Rbmfvq ej‡jb, Awej‡¤ c~e© evsjvÕi
¯vaxbZv †g‡b †bqvi Rb¨| gIjvbv fvmvbx †NvlYv K‡ib, ÔgywR‡ei
wb‡`©kg‡Zv AvMvgx 25 Zvwi‡Li g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv wKQz bv n‡j Avwg †kL
gywR‡ei mv‡_ wg‡j 1952 mv‡ji g‡Zv Zzgyj Av‡›`vjb ïiæ Kie|
LvgvLv †KD gywRe‡K Awek¦vm Ki‡eb bv| gywRe‡K Avwg fv‡jv K‡i
wPwb...|Õ (W. †gvnv¤§` nvbbvb, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm, c„.
288-289)| 12B gvP© 1971 gqgbwms‡ni mvwK©U nvDm gq`v‡b
gIjvbv fvmvbx Avev‡iv ej‡jb, mv‡o mvZ †KvwU evOvwj AvR ¯vaxb
mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k MV‡bi Rb¨ †kL gywR‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡ HK¨e×|
(c~e©‡`k, 10B gvP© 1971)| 26†k gvP© e½eÜzÕ‡K †MÖßvi Kij nvbv`vi
evwnbx| Zuvi †MÖßv‡ii eY©bv e½eÜz wb‡R †`b 18B †deªæqvwi 1972-G
mvsevw`K David Frost-Gi mv‡_ GK mvÿvrKv‡i, hv WNEW-TVwbDBqK© †_‡K cÖPvwiZ nq David Frost show-†Z| e½eÜz ej‡jb,
ÔcvwK Ív‡bi Kgv‡Ûv evwnbx †m iv‡Z Avgvi evwo wN‡i †i‡LwQj| Zviv
Avgv‡K †g‡i †djZ hw` Avwg evwoi evB‡i AvmZvg| Z‡e †g‡i †djvi
ci ejZ Pigcš’xiv Avgv‡K Lyb K‡i‡Q| Avgv‡K †g‡i †djvi ARynv‡Z
Bqvwnqv Lvb Avgvi †`‡ki gvbyl‡K Lyb KiZ| Zviv nZ¨vhÁ PvjvZ|Õ
ÔAvwg KjKvZv †Kb, †h †Kv‡bv †`‡k cvjv‡Z cviZvg; wKš‘ Avwg Avgvi
†`‡ki †jvK‡K hy× Kivi K_v e‡jwQjvg, Zv‡`i †d‡j Avwg †Kv_vq
hve?Õ d«÷ Gi Dˇi e‡jb, Ô†m K_v wVK, GB 9 gvm Avcbv‡K Avcbvi
†`‡ki gvbyl Av ’vi cÖZxK wn‡m‡e †`‡L‡Q|
Zviv Avcbv‡K GLb Ck¦‡ii g‡Zv g‡b K‡i|Õ
d«÷ wRÁvmv K‡ib, ÔAvcbv‡K Zviv Kxfv‡e
†MÖßvi Kij?Õ Dˇi e½eÜz e‡jb, ÔAvgvi GB
evwo‡Z Zviv †gwkbMvb w`‡q ¸wj K‡i| Avgvi
†kvqvi N‡iI ¸wj K‡i|Õ Zviv Pviw`K †_‡K
¸wj Ki‡Z _v‡K| Avwg Avgvi ¯¿x‡K `yB †Q‡j‡K
wb‡q †kvqvi N‡i _vK‡Z e‡j †ei n‡q Avwm Ges
Zv‡`i ewj †Zvgiv ¸wj eÜ K‡iv| Avwg †Zv
GLv‡bB AvwQ| Zviv Pviw`K †_‡K Avgv‡K wN‡i
†d‡j| GKRb Awdmvi Avgv‡K a‡i e‡j I‡K
†g‡i †d‡jv bv|Õ Zvici Zviv Avgv‡K Avgvi
mg Í kix‡i e› y‡Ki Kuy‡`v w`‡q gvi‡Z-gvi‡Z
†U‡b wb‡q †h‡Z _vKj| Avwg Zv‡`i ejjvg,
†Zvgiv Avgv‡K †nuP‡o wb‡q hvIqv eÜ K‡iv|
Avgv‡K Avgvi cvBc Ges ZvgvK Avb‡Z `vI ev
¿xi KvQ †_‡K G¸‡jv wb‡q G‡mv| Zviv Avgvi
evwoi mewKQz jyU K‡i wb‡q hvq| Avgvi
wRwbmcÎ me jyU K‡i wb‡q †M‡Q, Zv‡Z Avgvi
†Kv‡bv `ytL nqwb; wKš‘ Avgvi 35 eQi
ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡bi †h BwZnvm Wvqwi‡Z
wj‡LwQjvg, Zv wb‡q †M‡Q| Zviv Avgvi eBcÎ
Ges wKQz cÖ‡qvRbxq `wjj wb‡q †M‡Q|Õ
(evsjv‡`k WKz‡g›U, 2q fwjDg, c„. 614)
e½eÜzÕ‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b wb‡q hvIqvi
Lei miKvwifv‡e ZLb †`qv nqwb| †R. Bqvwnqv
26†k gvP© 1971-G RvwZi D‡Ï‡k †iwWI I
wUwfÕ‡Z GKwU fvlY †`b| Zv‡Z wZwb e‡jb,
23†k gvP© ivR‰bwZK †bZviv gywR‡ei mv‡_ K_v
ej‡Z hvq A¨v‡m¤wj emvi wel‡q| Zviv Avgv‡K
e‡jb, gywRe †h Kg©m~wP w`‡q‡Q Zv †_‡K bo‡Z
ivwR bb wZwb| gywRe Pvb †h, Avwg mvgwiK
AvBb Zz‡j †bqvi †NvlYv †`B Ges ÿgZv
n¯ÍvšÍi Kwi| †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Amn‡hvM
evsjv‡`‡k gyw³hy‡×i me©vwabvqK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K 1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© iv‡Z cvwK Ívwb
nvbv`vi evwnbx avbgwÐi 32 bs evwo †_‡K ew›` K‡i KivPx wb‡q hvq
wbix¶v
Av‡›`vjb GKwU ivóª‡ ªvnx KvR| wZwb Ges Zuvi `j wZb
mßvnvwaK Kvj AvB‡bi KZ©„Z¡ AeÁv K‡i‡Qb| Zviv
cvwK¯Ív‡bi cZvKvi Aegvbbv K‡i‡Qb| RvwZi wcZvi
cÖwZK…wZ‡K AcweÎ K‡i‡Qb| Zviv GKwU mgvšÍivj miKvi
Pvjv‡bvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| Zviv †Mvj‡hvM, mš¿vm Ges
wbivcËvnxbZv m„wó K‡i‡Qb... GgbwK Zviv Avgvi XvKvq
Dcw¯’wZ‡ZB wZwb Ges Zuvi Abymvixiv miKv‡ii KZ…©Z¡ Agvb¨
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Rvb‡Zb †h, mvgwiK AvB‡bi AeZ©gv‡b wZwb
wbwe©‡Nœ hv Lywk ZvB Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| Zvi Aeva¨Zv, †MuvqvZzwg©
Ges †Kv‡bv iKg hyw³hy³ K_v ej‡Z A¯xK…wZ †_‡K †Kej
GKwU wm×v‡šÍB †cuŠQv‡bv hvq †h, wZwb Ges Zuvi `j
cvwK Ív‡bi kÎæ Ges Zviv c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wew”Qbœ
Ki‡Z Pvb| wZwb GB †`‡ki msnwZ Ges ALÐZvi Dci AvNvZ
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wek¦vmNvZKZv K‡i‡Qb| G Aciv‡ai kvw Í bv
w`‡q cviv hvq bv|Õ (`¨ Wb, 27†k gvP©, 1971)
e½eÜzÕ‡K nvbv`vi evwnbx †MÖßvi K‡i wb‡q hvq †R.
Bqvwnqvi wb‡`©‡k, Zuv‡K ivóª‡`ªvwnZvi
Awf‡hv‡M wePv‡ii Rb¨| Gw`‡K e½eÜzÕi
†kl Av‡`‡k †`‡ki †jvK A¯¿ nv‡Z Zz‡j
wb‡q‡Q| e½eÜzÕi †`qv †¯øvMvb, ÔRq
evsjvÕ aŸwb w`‡q cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zz‡j‡Q
nvbv`vi evwnbxi weiæ‡×| e½eÜz
evsjv‡`‡k kvixwiKfv‡e Abycw¯’Z; wKš‘
Zvi cÖZx‡Ki Dcw ’wZ me©ÎB| ¯vaxb
evsjv‡`‡ki ivRavbx gywRebMi ZuviB
bv‡g| 10B GwcÖj 1971 ¯^vaxbZvi
†NvlYvcÎ ˆZwi nq| G †NvlYvc‡Î ejv
nq, evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡o mvZ †KvwU gvby‡li
Awemsevw`Z †bZv XvKvÕ‡Z 26†k gvP©
¯vaxbZvi †NvlYv w`‡q‡Qb|
G †NvlYvc‡Î AviI ejv nq †h,
msweavb cÖYqb bv Kiv ch©šÍ e½eÜz †kL
gywReyi ingvb cÖRvZ‡š¿i ivóªcÖavb n‡eb,
ivóªcÖavb cÖRvZ‡š¿i †mbvevwnbxi
me©vwabvqK n‡eb Ges cÖRvZ‡š¿i mKj
wbe©vnx ÿgZvi AwaKvix n‡eb| ivóªcÖav‡bi
AeZ©gv‡b Dc-ivóªcÖavb ivóªcÖav‡bi mKj
Kg©KvÐ cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb| G †NvlYvcÎwU 17B GwcÖj
me©mg‡ÿ cvV K‡ib Aa¨vcK BDmyd Avjx| 11B GwcÖj ¯vaxb
evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K e½eÜz †kL gywR‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡ MwVZ
evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii c‡ÿ cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDwÏb Avng` GKwU
fvlY †`b| wZwb fvl‡Yi cÖvi‡¤¢B e‡jb, ÔAvgv‡`i ivóªcÖavb
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb I cÖRvZvwš¿K evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii
c‡ÿ...|Õ
13B GwcÖj `¨ UvBgm Ae BwÛqvi GK Le‡i cÖKvk,
Ôgyw³evwnbxi weiæ‡× cwðg cvwK Ívwb †mbvevwnbx me©kw³ w`‡q
jovB‡qi cUf~wg‡Z †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K cÖavb K‡i GKwU
hy×-gwš¿mfv MwVZ n‡q‡Q|Õ
e½eÜzÕi bv‡g bvgKiY Kiv n‡jv MYcÖRvZš¿x
evsjv‡`‡ki miKv‡ii Kg©¯’j| 17B GwcÖj ¯^vaxbZvi
†NvlYvcÎ msµvšÍ Abyôvb m¤ú‡K© w`wjøÕi `¨ †÷Umg¨vb 18B
GwcÖj 1971-G wjLj: †NvlYvcÎ cÖKv‡ki Abyôv‡b cÖavbgš¿x
ZvRDwÏb Avng` Kzwóqv †Rjvi †g‡nicy‡ii ˆe`¨bv_Zjv
MÖv‡gi miKvi Rvbvj †h, †Kej H miKvi cÖavbB e½eÜz †kL
gywReyi ingvb bb, Zuvi bv‡g miKv‡ii cÖwZwU KvR cwiPvwjZ
n‡e Ges miKv‡ii Kg© ’‡ji bvg n‡jv ÔgywRebMiÕ|
3iv †g, 1971 B÷ cvwK Ívb (evsjv‡`k) KwgDwb÷
cvwU©i †K› ªxq KwgwUi m¤úv`K we‡k¦i eÜzcÖwZg KwgDwb÷
Ges kªwgK `‡ji Kv‡Q GK wPwV‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv
msMÖv‡g e½eÜzÕi ewjô f~wgKvi K_v Rvbvb| wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³hy‡× we‡k¦i KwgDwb÷ cvwU© ‡jv‡K mg_©‡bi Rb¨ Av‡e`b
Rvbvb Ges MYZvwš¿K evsjv‡`k miKvi‡K ¯xK…wZ Rvbv‡bvi
Av‡e`b K‡ib| e½eÜzÕi MYZvwš¿K gvbwmKZv Ges gyw³hy× I
MYnZ¨vi †cÖÿvc‡U MwVZ MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii
cÖavb e½eÜz nIqvi Kvi‡YB m¤¢e n‡qwQj G ai‡bi Av‡e`b
Rvbv‡bv|
e½eÜzÕ‡K cvwK¯Ív‡b †bqvi ci Zuvi Lei `xN©w`b †`kevmx
Rvb‡Z bv cvi‡jI Zuvi bv‡gB miKvi Ges †Mwijvhy×
cwiPvwjZ nq; Zuvi † øvMvb, we‡kl K‡i Zuvi †`qv ÔRq evsjvÕ
† øvMvb gyw³‡hv×v‡`i DrmvwnZ KiZ bZzb DÏxcbvq hy×
Ki‡Z| GKwU mk ¿ evwnbx MV‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ hyeKg©x‡`i GKwÎZ
Kiv nq| Ryb gvm †_‡K Zv‡`i we‡kl †Uªwbs †`qv nq †Mwijv
hy× Kivi Rb¨| b‡f¤i ch©šÍ G †Uªwbs P‡j| cÖ_‡g G
†UªwbscÖv߇`i bvg †`qv nq Ôevsjv‡`k wjev‡ikb †dvm©Õ| c‡i
G‡`i ÔgywRe evwnbxÕ bvg †`qv nq|
26†k GwcÖj Õ71-G Av‡gwiKvi ÔwbDR DBKÕ g¨vMvwRb
wjLj †h, cwðg cvwK Ívwb †bZviv e½eÜzÕ‡K †R‡j †i‡L Zvi
ivóª‡`ªvwnZvi gvgjv Kivi D‡`¨v‡M Lye Av¯’v jvf K‡i‡Q|
wbDR DBK Av‡iv †j‡L †h, 51 eQ‡ii cÖMwZkxj †bZv, whwb
¯vaxbZv hy‡×i g~Z© cÖZxK, Zuv‡K †R‡j ivLvq evsjv‡`k
miKvi `ye©j n‡q c‡o‡Q|
7B RyjvB 1971 jÛ‡bi †WBwj †UwjMÖvd ÔcvwK¯Ív‡bi
GKgvÎ DcvqÕ kxl©K m¤úv`Kxq‡Z †j‡L, ÔcvwK Ívb mvgwiK
evwnbxi AZ¨vPv‡ii †Kv‡bv fwel¨r †bB| gyw³‡hv×viv µgkB
kw³kvjx n‡q D‡V‡Q Ges wg‡mm MvÜxi Ici Pvc µgkB
evo‡Q evsjv‡`k‡K ¯xK…wZ Rvbv‡Z| we‡j‡Zi †cÖm µgkB
cvwK Ívb mvgwiK evwnbxi Kvh©Kjv‡ci weiæ‡× mgv‡jvPbvgyLi
n‡q D‡V‡Q| Bqvwnqvi fzjÎæwU Ges cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi
ivR‰bwZK †bZv‡`i AÜZ¡ cvwK¯Ívb‡K †h Mfxi Lv‡`i w`‡K
wb‡q hv‡”Q Zv †_‡K iÿv Ki‡Z cv‡ib GKgvÎ †kL gywReyi
ingvb| Zuv‡K ew›`kvjv †_‡K gyw³ †`qv Ges Zuv‡K ¯‡`k
cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡Z w`‡j wZwbB †Kej kvwšÍc~Y© Ae ’v m„wó Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| H †bZvi cÖÁv Zuvi ivR‰bwZK-we‡ivax‡`i c_
†`Lv‡Z cv‡i|Õ
we‡`wk cwÎKv¸‡jv GKw`‡K †hgb e½eÜzÕi †bZ…‡Z¡i
Ici Av¯’vkxj n‡q I‡V Ges cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK evwnbxi
Db¥v`bv †_‡K wZwbB †h †Kej Zv‡`i D×vi Ki‡Z cv‡ib,
GK_v cwÎKv¸‡jv GKev‡K¨ †g‡b wb‡qwQj| Zv‡`i fzj
†hLv‡b wQj, Zv n‡”Q, Zviv eyS‡Z cv‡iwb ev eyS‡Z Pvqwb †h,
16
†WwfW d«÷‡K †`qv mvÿvrKv‡i e½eÜz GK cÖ‡kœi Dˇi e‡jb †h,
†KvU© gvk©v‡j cuvPRb mvgwiK Kg©KZ©v wQj Ges Zuvi weiæ‡× Awf‡hvM
wQj ivóª‡ ªvwnZv, cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii weiæ‡× hy× K‡i evsjv‡`kÕ‡K
¯vaxb Kiv BZ¨vw`| me©‡gvU 12wU Awf‡hvM wQj, Zvi g‡a¨ 6wUi kvw¯Í
n‡”Q g„Zz¨`Ð| e½eÜz Av‡iv e‡jb †h, miKvi Zuv‡K mg_©‡bi Rb¨
GW‡fv‡KU w`‡Z Pvq; wKš‘ wZwb Zv wb‡Z A¯xK…wZ Rvbvb, †Kbbv
wZwb eyS‡Z cv‡ib wePviwU GKwU cÖnmbg~jK bvUK
wbix¶v
cvwK Ívb bv‡gi ivóªwUi Kei Luy‡owQj Bqvwnqv Lvb Ges Zvi cvwK Ívwb
ivR‰bwZK civgk© vZviv| 26†k gv‡P©i ci cvwK Ívb †h ch©v‡q
wM‡qwQj †mLvb †_‡K †divi Avi †Kv‡bv c_ wQj bv| evsjv‡`‡k
¯vaxbZvi Rb¨ †h gyw³hy× ïiæ n‡qwQj e½eÜzÕi Wv‡K †mLvb †_‡K
wcQz †divi Avi †Kv‡bv c_ wQj bv|
Kvqnvb B›Uvib¨vkbvj 27†k RyjvB 1971 Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi GK
mvÿvrKvi †_‡K Rvbvq, ÔgywRe‡K kxNÖB ivóª‡`ªvwnZvi Rb¨ wePvi Kiv
n‡e, A_©vr Zvi weiæ‡× gvgjv ˆZwii KvR †kl n‡jB| cwÎKvi cÿ
†_‡K GK cÖ‡kœi Dˇi Bqvwnqv Lvb Rvbvq †h, mvgwiK wePviK‡`i
nv‡Z welqwU i‡q‡Q| Kv‡RB †m ej‡Z cvi‡e bv †h, RvZxq cwil‡`i
cÖ_g Awa‡ek‡bi Av‡M gywR‡ei wePvi ev Zuvi duvwm n‡q hv‡e wK-bv|
†KvU© gvk©v‡j Zuvi wePvi n‡e Ges cwil‡`i Awa‡ek‡bi Av‡M †m †eu‡P
_vK‡e wK-bv, Zv Bqvwnqv Lvb Rv‡b bv|
G mvÿvrKvi †_‡K GUv cwi®‹vi †evSv hvq †h, e½eÜzÕi weiæ‡×
†KvU© gvk©v‡j wePv‡ii cÖnmb PjwQj Ges wePv‡i †h Zuvi duvwmi ûKzg
n‡e, ZvI wbwðZ wQj|
2iv AvM÷ 1971-Gi wbDRDB‡K †jLv nq †h, gywRe‡K mvgwiK
QvDwb wgqvIqvwji GKwU †R‡j ivLv n‡q‡Q| gywRe GKRb RvZxq
†bZv †_‡K knx‡` iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Qb| †R. Bqvwnqv M‡e©i mv‡_ Rvbvq
†h, Zvi †Rbv‡ijiv gywR‡ei mvgwiK Av`vj‡Z wePvi Ges duvwmi Rb¨
KvR K‡i P‡j‡Q| †m ivwR n‡q‡Q Ges wePv‡ii KvR kxNÖB ïiæ n‡e|
cwÎKvwU‡Z gšÍe¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, G c`‡ÿ‡ci †P‡q ¯í `„wói Avi
†Kv‡bv KvR n‡Z cv‡i bv Ges G‡Z gyw³hyׇK Av‡iv KwVb c‡_ wb‡q
hv‡e| cwÎKvwU‡K GKRb cwðgv †`‡ki K~UbxwZK Rvbvb †h,
Bqvwnqvi gwZåg n‡q‡Q Ges †m Kx Ki‡Q, Zv Rv‡b bv, GgbwK
eyS‡ZI cvi‡Q bv Zvi †mbvevwnbx Kx Ki‡Q| †m g‡b K‡i †h, †m
K‡qK jÿ‡K †g‡i †dj‡Z cv‡i, gywR‡ei ivóª‡`ªvwnZvi Aciv‡a wePvi
Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges GB K‡i †m mewKQzi mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| GUv
GKUv wbQK cvMjvwg| e½eÜyÕ‡K duvwm w`‡j †h cvwK Ívb mvgwiK
evwnbx ev cvwK¯Ív‡bi Kx n‡e, Zv K~UbxwZ‡Ki G KqwU K_vi g‡a¨B
†evSv hvq| e½eÜzÕi †h Wv‡K gyw³hy× ïiæ n‡q‡Q Ges †h e½eÜzÕ‡K
†R. Bqvwnqv me‡P‡q eo kÎæ e‡j g‡b Ki‡Q, Zuvi cÖfve gyw³hy‡×i
Ici GZ wekvj †h, Zuv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡jI Zuvi †`qv †bZ…Z¡ evsjv‡`k‡K
¯vaxb Ki‡e, hv e½eÜz 7B gvP© e‡jwQ‡jb| KivwPÕi GK m¤úv`K
wbDR DBK‡K e‡jb †h, †kL gywR‡ei Wv‡K cvwK Ívb gvP© gv‡mB gviv
†M‡Q| †Kv‡bv wKQzB GLb Avi Zv‡K iÿv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| cwÎKvi
H msL¨v‡ZI †jLv nq †h, Bqvwnqv we¯§„Z n‡”Q †m Kx KvR Ki‡Q| †m
cÖwZÁv K‡i‡Q †h, gywRe‡K gi‡ZB n‡e| wKš‘ †hw`b gywRe‡K duvwm
†`‡e †mB w`b cvwK¯Ív‡biI duvwm n‡e|
11B AvM÷ 1971 B›Uvib¨vkbvj †nivì wUªweªDb Rvbvq †h, AwZ
kxNÖB †kL gywR‡ei wePvi Avi¤¢ n‡e| Zvi wePvi Ges duvwm †`qvi K_v
Av‡MB †NvlYv †`qv n‡qwQj| †kL gywR‡ei wePvi KwVb gyw³hyׇK
KwVbZi K‡i Zzj‡e| mk ¿ msMÖv‡g e½eÜzÕi Ae ’vb GZ cwi®‹vi|
12B AvM÷ 1971-G `¨ UvBgm-Gi Ô†kL gywR‡ei fvM¨Õ kxl©K
m¤úv`Kxq‡Z †jLv nq †h, †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †Mvc‡b wePv‡ii
wm×všÍ AZ¨šÍ ytLRbK| ÔcvwK¯Ív‡bi weiæ‡× hy× Pvwj‡q hvIqvÕ PvR©wU
`„k¨Z A¯vfvweK| G m¤úv`Kxq‡Z ejv nq †h, †kL gywReB GKgvÎ
e¨w³ whwb mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ K_v ej‡Z cv‡ib, hv‡Z cvwK Ív‡bi
Av‡iv eo Uª v‡RwW bv nq| †kL gywReB GKgvÎ e¨w³, hvi Dci c~e©
cvwK Ív‡bi RbM‡Yi Av¯’v Av‡Q| wKš‘ hw` g„Zz¨`Ð †`qv nq Zvn‡j
Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi Avi †Kv‡bv cÖkœB IV‡e bv| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbMY
Zuvi Av‡`k †g‡b Pj‡e| mg Í m¤úv`KxqwU cvwK Ív‡bi åvšÍ ivRbxwZi
Ici †Rvi w`‡q‡Q Ges e½eÜzÕi †bZ…‡Z¡i Ici Av ’v ’vcb K‡i‡Q|
m¤úv`KxqwUi cwi‡k‡l ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔAvgv‡`i mKj‡K me©vZ¥K †Póv
Ki‡Z n‡e †kL gywRe‡K euvPv‡bvi Rb¨|Õ gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi GKwU
†Mvôxi AwfgZ wQj †h, cvwK Ívb‡K ALÐ ivL‡Z n‡e Ges †m KvRwU
cv‡ib †Kej e½eÜz| c‡ivÿfv‡e Giv eyS‡Z cv‡i †h, e½eÜz hw`
B”Qv K‡ib Zvn‡j gyw³hy× eÜ n‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv‡Z cvwK Ív‡bi Aw ÍZ¡
iÿv cv‡e| Aciw`‡K, hw` e½eÜz AvUKI _v‡Kb ZeyI wZwb
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Rb¨ Av‡jvKewZ©Kv Ges wZwb †h Av‡`k †`‡eb,
gyw³‡hv×viv ZvB †g‡b †b‡e| †h wRwbmwU GB †Mvôx †Kv‡bvg‡ZB †g‡b
wb‡Z cviwQj bv, Zv n‡”Q e½eÜz ¯vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb, ¯vaxbZvi
Rb¨ hy‡×i Av‡`k w`‡q‡Qb| †mLvb †_‡K Avi Zuvi †cQv‡bvi †Kv‡bv
cÖkœB DV‡Z cv‡i bv| 1966 mv‡ji 6-`dv †_‡K 1971-Gi 1 `dv
Zuvi ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q eo mvdj¨| evOvwj RvwZi Rb¨
me‡P‡q eo P¨v‡jÄ| 14-15B AvM÷ 1971-Gi B›Uvib¨vkbvj †nivì
wUªweDb Rvbvj †h, gvwK©b wm‡bUi †K‡bwW, whwb wm‡b‡U kiYv_©x mve-
KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb, c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b Pvi w`‡bi mdi †k‡l bZzb w`wjø
†cuŠ‡Q‡Qb| Zuv‡K Dò Af¨_©bv Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Zuv‡K Af¨_©bvi Rb¨
†h RbmgvMg n‡qwQj, Zv‡`i nv‡Z wQj cøvKvW©, hv‡Z †jLv wQj:
ÔkvwšÍi gvbyl †K‡bwW ¯vMZgÕ| Ab¨vb¨ cøvKv‡W© †jLv wQj: ÔgywRe‡K
euvPvIÕ, Ô†kL gywReyi ingvb c~e© cvwK Ívb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZv|Õ
e½eÜzÕi gyw³i `vwe `„p n‡Z _v‡K Ges Zv Avm‡Z _v‡K c„w_exi me
RvqMv †_‡KB|
17B AvM÷ 1971-Gi †nivì wUªweD‡b wjLj, wm‡bUi †K‡bwW
e‡j‡Qb †h, cvwK Ívb mvgwiK evwnbx c~e© cvwK Ív‡b MYnZ¨v Pvjv‡”Q|
c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi †bZv †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †Mvcb wePvi AvšÍR©vwZK
AvB‡bi aviYvi cwicš’x| msev`cÎ Rvbvj †h, e½eÜzÕi wePvi Av‡Mi
mßv‡n cvwK Ív‡bi †Kv‡bv RvqMvq Avi¤¢ nIqvi K_v wQj| wKš‘ Zuvi
wePvi ev Zuvi m¤‡Ü †Kv‡bv Lei †bB| cwÎKv Rvbvq †h, wm‡bUi
†K‡bwWÕi g‡Z gywR‡ei GKgvÎ Aciva n‡”Q †h, wZwb wbe©vP‡b
wR‡Z‡Qb| H cwÎKv Av‡iv †j‡L †h, ivóª ~Z AvMv wnjvwj †Rvi w`‡q
e‡j‡Qb †h, †kL gywRe‡K †h AvB‡bi Aax‡b wePvi Kiv n‡”Q, Zv
weª‡Ub Ges fvi‡Zi KvQ †_‡K DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cvIqv| Zuv‡K †`qv‡j
`uvo Kwi‡q ¸wj Kiv n‡e bv| cwÎKv †j‡L †h, hw` †kL gywR‡ei duvwm
†`qv nq ev Av‡iv kiYv_©x fvi‡Z Av‡m, Zvn‡j, fviZ-cvwK Ívb hy×
†j‡M †h‡Z cv‡i|
†m‡Þ¤‡i wg‡mm MvÜx †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡b hvb ILv‡b RbgZ
MV‡bi Rb¨ Ges †mvwf‡qZ miKvi‡K fviZ, evsjv‡`k I cvwK¯Ív‡bi
me©‡kl ivR‰bwZK cwiw ’wZ AewnZ Kivi Rb¨| wg‡mm MvÜx Rvbvb,
fvi‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki jÿ-jÿ kiYv_©x AvMg‡bi Kvi‡Y †h cwiw ’wZi
m„wó n‡q‡Q Zv‡Z fvi‡Zi Ae ’v bvRyK n‡q †M‡Q| †mvwf‡qZ †bZviv
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× Ges Gi d‡j fviZ-cvwK¯Ívb m¤ú‡K©i AebwZ‡Z
D‡ØM cÖKvk K‡ib| †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb evsjv‡`‡k GKwU ivR‰bwZK
mgvav‡bi Ici †Rvi w`w”Qj, †Kbbv fviZ-cvwK Ívb hy‡× MYcÖRvZš¿x
Pxb Rwo‡q co‡j Zv †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb‡K cÿ wb‡Z eva¨ Ki‡e|
19†k †m‡Þ¤^i 1971-G †Znivb †_‡K cÖKvwkZ ˆ`wbK
Av‡qb‡jMvb wjLj †h, gywReyi ingv‡bi wePvi cvwK Ív‡bi c‡ÿ
AvZ¥nZ¨vi kvwgj n‡e Ges Zv‡Z me©cÖKvi ivR‰bwZK mgvavb Am¤¢e
n‡q DV‡e| e½eÜz †h evsjv‡`k-cvwK¯Ívb ivRbxwZi GKRb cÖavb
bvqK Zv GB D‡ØM †_‡KB †evSv hvq| GB †Mvôx RvbZ †h, hw`
gyw³hy× P‡j Zv‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rqjv‡fi Avkv LyeB Kg, Kv‡RB
Zv‡`i GKgvÎ fimv¯’j wQj e½eÜz †kL gywRe| hw` wZwb gyw³hy×
w`‡q mgm¨v mgvavb bv K‡i ivR‰bwZK mgvav‡bi c_ MÖnY K‡ib
Zvn‡j cvwK¯Ívb iÿv cvq| cvwK Ívb‡K iÿv Kivi GKgvÎ c_ ZvB
e½eÜzÕi wePvi eÜ K‡i Zuv‡K gy³ K‡i Av‡jvPbvi †Uwe‡j Avbv| Zviv
fz‡j wM‡qwQj †h, Av‡jvPbvi me c_ eÜ nIqv‡ZB e½eÜz ¯vaxbZvi
msMÖvg K‡i mKj mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi Rb¨ †kl evOvwj †eu‡P _vKv ch©šÍ
hy× Pvwj‡q hvIqvi Av‡`k †`b| †m Av‡`k wQj gyw³evwnbxi me©vwab-
vq‡Ki| mgmvgwqK cwÎKv †_‡K †`Lv †Mj †h, gyw³evwnbx †Mwijv hy‡×
hZB mvdj¨ jvf Ki‡Q, cvwK Ívb ZZB gwiqv n‡q DV‡Q| `yÕwU
wel‡qi cÖ_gwU n‡jv †h, gyw³evwnbxi mvd‡j¨i KviY fvi‡Zi †Mvcb
mnvqZv Ges wØZxqwU n‡jv e½eÜzÕi wePvi ªæZ m¤úbœ K‡i Zuvi duvwm
†`qv| hw` e½eÜzÕi wePv‡i duvwmi ûKzg nq, Zvn‡j gyw³evwnbx
n‡Zv`¨g n‡e Ges †Mwijvhy‡× fvUv c‡o hv‡e Ges fviZ GKKfv‡e
ZLb Avi cvwK¯Ívbwe‡ivax cÖPviYvq Drmvn cv‡e bv| cvwK Ív‡bi eÜz
ivóª ‡jv ivR‰bwZK mgvav‡bi K_v ej‡jI cvwK¯Ívb ZZw`‡b eyS‡Z
†c‡iwQj †h, welqwU ivR‰bwZK Av‡jvPbvi †Uwej †_‡K A‡bK `~‡i
iYv½‡b mgvavb n‡Z P‡j‡Q| iYv½‡b mgvavb eÜ Kivi c_ wn‡m‡e
Zviv e½eÜzÕi wePvi Ges duvwmi ûKzgB GKgvÎ Dcvq e‡j wm×v‡šÍ
17
wbix¶v
†cuŠ‡QwQj| cvwK¯Ívb nvbv`vi evwnbxi †bZ…Z¡ mg¨Kfv‡e RvbZ †h,
gyw³evwnbxi †cQ‡bi kw³ n‡”Q e½eÜz| e½eÜz RxweZ _vK‡j gyw³hy×
Pj‡Z _vK‡e| A‡±ve‡ii †k‡l wg‡mm MvÜx weªwUk cÖavbgš¿x GWIqvW©
wn‡_i mv‡_ mvÿvr K‡ib Ges evsjv‡`k †_‡K AvMZ 90 jÿ kiYv_©x‡K
¯‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi evZveiY m„wói Aby‡iva K‡ib| wg‡mm MvÜx
cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e kiYv_©x cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi K_v ej‡jI c‡ivÿfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i c‡ÿ K_v ejwQ‡jb|
1jv b‡f¤i 1971-G B›Uvib¨vkbvj †nivì wUªweD‡bi †R¨ô
m¤úv`K Av‡b©v `¨ eyikMÖv‡`i mv‡_ mvÿvrKv‡i Zuvi GK cÖ‡kœi Dˇi
†R. Bqvwnqv e‡jb †h, wZwb hw` †kL gywRe‡K gyw³ w`‡q c~e© cvwK Ívb
cvVvb, Zvn‡j †mLvbKvi †jvKB Zuv‡K †g‡i †dj‡e| †R. Bqvwnqv fv‡jv
K‡iB RvbZ †h, hw` e½eÜzÕ‡K gyw³ †`q, Zvn‡j gyw³hy× Av‡iv Zxeª
n‡e Ges cvwK Ív‡bi civRq Z¡ivwšZ n‡e| †m hw` Zvi wb‡Ri K_vq
wek¦vm KiZ Zvn‡j e½eÜzÕi wePvi Ges Zvici duvwmi SuywK Zv‡K wb‡Z
n‡Zv bv| we‡k¦i mKj ivóªbvqK eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb †h, e½eÜz, gyw³hy×
Ges evsjv‡`k mgv_©‡evaK n‡q †M‡Q|
7B wW‡m¤i 1971-Gi jÛb UvBgm& Rvbvq †h, wg‡mm MvÜx
fviZxq †jvKmfvq GK fvl‡Y Rvbvb †h, evsjv‡`k miKvi evsjv‡`‡ki
RbM‡Yi mgw_©Z miKvi| fviZ miKvi MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k
miKvi‡K ¯xK…wZ w`‡q‡Q| wZwb e‡jb, ÔAvgiv GLb wPšÍv KiwQ, GB
bZzb iv‡óªi RbK †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi K_vÕ| wg‡mm MvÜxi GB D‡ØM
mn‡RB Aby‡gq|
hw` †cQ‡bi w`‡K ZvKv‡bv hvq, Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡e, e½eÜzÕi
wePv‡ii weiæ‡× †Kej ivóª ‡jvB †mv”Pvi nw”Qj ZvB bq, 10B AvM÷
1971-G B›Uvib¨vkbvj Kwgkb Ae Ry¨wi÷mn 214wU AvšÍR©vwZK
cÖwZôvb †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqvi Kv‡Q GK †UwjMÖv‡g †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi
†Mvcb mvgwiK wePv‡i D‡ØM cÖKvk K‡i e‡jb, Av`vj‡Zi Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv
wKQzB †Mvcbxq bq| B›Uvib¨vkbvj Kwgkb Ae Ry¨wi÷ †kL gywReyi
ingv‡bi †Mvc‡b mvgwiK Av`vj‡Z wePv‡ii Zxeª cÖwZev` Rvbv‡”Q|
†WwfW d«÷‡K †`qv mvÿvrKv‡i e½eÜz GK cÖ‡kœi Dˇi e‡jb †h,
†KvU© gvk©v‡j cuvP Rb mvgwiK Kg©KZ©v wQj Ges Zuvi weiæ‡× Awf‡hvM
wQj ivóª‡ ªvwnZv, cvwK Ívb miKv‡ii weiæ‡× hy× K‡i evsjv‡`kÕ‡K
¯vaxb Kiv BZ¨vw`| me©‡gvU 12wU Awf‡hvM wQj, Zvi g‡a¨ 6wUi kvw Í
n‡”Q g„Zz¨`Ð| e½eÜz Av‡iv e‡jb †h, miKvi Zuv‡K mg_©‡bi Rb¨
GW‡fv‡KU w`‡Z Pvq; wKš‘ wZwb Zv wb‡Z A¯xK…wZ Rvbvb, †Kbbv wZwb
eyS‡Z cv‡ib wePviwU GKwU cÖnmbg~jK bvUK| wZwb wePviK‡K Aby‡iva
K‡ib, GW‡fv‡KU‡`i P‡j †h‡Z, †Kbbv †R. Bqvwnqv ivóªcÖavb, cÖavb
mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK Ges wZwbB Zuvi kvw Í cvKv Ki‡eb Ges wZwbB
Av`vjZ ewm‡q‡Qb| 4Vv wW‡m¤i wePvice© †kl nq| †R. Bqvwnqv
wePvi‡Ki A_©vr †j. K‡b©j Ges weª‡MwWqvi‡`i †W‡K cvVvb
ivIqvjwcwÛ‡Z Ges ivq †`qvi Av‡`k †`b| Zviv Zuv‡K duvwm †`qvi
wm×v‡šÍ †cuŠQvq, Zviv Zuvi KvivK‡ÿi Kv‡QB Kei †Luv‡o, wZwb wb‡Ri
†Pv‡L Zv †`‡Lb| e½eÜz d«÷‡K e‡jb †h, fz‡Æv e½eÜz‡K Rvbvq,
fz‡Æv‡K ÿgZv n ÍvšÍi Kivi Av‡M †R. Bqvwnqv Rvbvq †h, Zvi me‡P‡q
eo fzj n‡qwQj †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K bv †g‡i †djv| †m fz‡Æv‡K Av‡iv
e‡j †h, ÿgZv n ÍvšÍi Kivi Av‡M Zv‡K AbygwZ †`qv †nvK †kL gywReyi
ingvb‡K †g‡i †djvi Ges Zv‡K ej‡Z †`qv †nvK †h, A‡bK Av‡Mi
Zvwi‡LB Zv‡K duvwm †`qv n‡q‡Q| (evsjv‡`k WKz‡g›Um, wØZxq LÐ, c„.
617-619)|
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†kL gywReyi ingvb ivóª‡`ªvnx Ges Gi Rb¨ Zuvi wePvi n‡e| †m
mvsevw`K‡`i wRÁvmv K‡i, Ô†Zvgiv †Zvgv‡`i Acivax‡`i mv‡_ Kx
iKg e¨envi Ki‡e?Õ (`¨ Wb, KivwP, 5B AvM÷ 1971)| AvM‡÷i 9
Zvwi‡L GKwU miKvwi †cÖm‡bv‡U Rvbv‡bv nq †h, †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K
cvwK Ív‡bi weiæ‡× hy× Kivi Ges Ab¨vb¨ Aciv‡ai Rb¨ GKwU we‡kl
mvgwiK Av`vj‡Z wePvi n‡e| 11B AvM÷ wePvi Avi¤¢ n‡e| Zuv‡K
26†k gvP©, 1971 Zvwi‡L Zuvi avbgwÐi evmfeb †_‡K †MÖßvi Kiv nq
(`¨ Wb, KivwP, 10B AvM÷ 1971)|
AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZwµqvi weiæ‡× cvwK Ívb miKvi Rvbvq †h, †kL
gywReyi ingv‡bi e¨w³MZ Aciv‡ai wePvi †h cÖwµqvq n‡e, Zv cvwK Ívb
miKvi MÖvn¨ K‡i bv (`¨ Wb, KivwP, 16B AvM÷ 1971)| cvwK Ív‡bi
ivóª ~Z AvMv kvwn Rvbvq †h, 2 mßv‡ni g‡a¨ cvwK Ív‡bi weiæ‡× hy×
Kivi Aciv‡a †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi wePvi n‡e| wePvi †Kv_vq n‡”Q Zv
Rvbv‡Z ivóª ~Z A¯xK…wZ Rvbvq (`¨ Wb, KivwP, 1jv †m‡Þ¤i 1971)|
c¨vwi‡mi ˆ`wbK j wdMv‡ivi mv‡_ 1.9.Õ71 Zvwi‡L cÖKvwkZ GK
mvÿvrKv‡i †R. Bqvwnqv Rvbvq †h, †kL gywReyi ingvb cvwK Ív‡bi
RbM‡Yi kÎæ|
`¨ W‡bi GK Le‡i cÖKvk †h, 11.8.Õ71 †_‡K †kL gywReyi
ingv‡bi wePvi Avi¤¢ n‡q‡Q| 20 R‡bi mvÿ¨ MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
`¨ W‡bi 20.10.Õ71-G cÖKvk Kiv nq †h, c¨vwi‡mi j g‡Wi mv‡_
GK mvÿvrKv‡i †R. Bqvwnqv Rvbvq †h, †m GKRb we‡`ªvnxi mv‡_ K_v
ej‡Z cv‡i bv|
`¨ Bwfwbs ÷vi, KivwP, 15.9.Õ71-G †j‡L †h, †kL gywReyi
ingv‡bi weiæ‡× UªvBey¨bv‡ji ivq P~ovšÍ I AvBbvbyM n‡e|
26.9.Õ71 Zvwi‡L b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU© †kL gywR‡ei gyw³i `vwe
Rvbvq (iqUvm©, 27.Õ71)|
iqUvm© 5.11.Õ71-G Rvbvq †h, cvwK¯Ív‡bi 42 Rb ivRbxwZwe`,
†UªW BDwbqwb÷, mvsevw`K, AvBbwe`, †jLK, QvÎ, wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
Aa¨vcK Ges mgvRKg©x †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi gyw³ `vwe K‡i|
BDwcAvB Bmjvgvev` †_‡K 18.12.Õ71-G Rvbvq †h, †kL gywReyi
ingv‡bi wePvi †kl n‡q †M‡Q| wKš‘ ZLbI ivq †`qv nqwb|
8.8.Õ71-G wg‡mm MvÜx †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi wePv‡ii, hvi A_©
n‡”Q duvwm †`qvi weiæ‡× we‡k¦i ivóªcÖavb‡`i Kv‡Q cÖwZev` Rvbvb|
wRwWAvi 14.8.Õ71 cvwK Ív‡bi mvgwiK RvšÍvi Kv‡Q †kL gywReyi
ingv‡bi wePv‡ii weiæ‡× cÖwZev` Rvbvq Ges Zv eÜ Kivi Rb¨ Aby‡iva
Rvbvq| 20.8.71 Iqvì© wcm KvDwÝj GKB cÖwZev` I Aby‡iva Rvbvq|
KgbI‡qj_ cvj©v‡g›Uvwi A¨v‡mvwm‡qk‡bi GK mfvq Av_©vi eUg
†ej (weª‡U‡bi f~Zc~e© ciivóªgš¿x) miKvi‡`i Aby‡iva Rvbvb, cvwK Ívb
miKv‡ii Ici Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z, hv‡Z †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi wePvi eÜ
nq|
gvwK©b wm‡bUi GBP cvwm© e‡jb †h, hw` †kL gywRe‡K duvwm †`qv
nq, Zvn‡j we‡k¦i ivóª ‡jv cvwK¯Ívb miKvi‡K N„Yv Rvbv‡e|
Avie jx‡Mi cÖv³b cÖwZwbwa Ges Avj AvBqv‡gi m¤úv`K KwWm
gvKmy` 20.9.Õ71 Zvwi‡L e‡jb †h, AvšÍR©vwZK mgvR Ges
†RvUwbi‡cÿ †`k¸‡jvi cÿ †_‡K Awej‡¤ †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi wePvi
eÜ K‡i Zuv‡K gyw³ †`qvi `vwe RvbvK|
e½eÜzÕi Z_vKw_Z wePv‡ii weiæ‡× c„w_exe¨vcx cÖwZev‡`i So
I‡V; Gi GKgvÎ KviY wQj †h, wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i g~Z©
cÖZxK| wZwb kvixwiKfv‡e Abycw ’Z _vK‡jI Zuvi bv‡gB, Zuvi Wv‡KB
gyw³hy× PjwQj| we‡k¦i cÖMwZkxj ivóª ‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZvi
mg_©‡b GwM‡q Av‡m Ges ZviB Ask wn‡m‡e e½eÜzÕi (huv‡K wg‡mm
MvÜx be¨ ¯vaxb iv‡óªi RbK e‡j AwfwnZ K‡ib) wePvi eÜ Ki‡Z Pvc
m„wó K‡i, gyw³hy‡×i mg_©‡b Av‡iv Mfxifv‡e GwM‡q Av‡m|
cvwK Ívb KvivMvi †_‡K e½eÜyÕi gyw³i ci we‡k¦i me gn‡j †h
cÖwZwµqv n‡qwQj, Zv †_‡KI †evSv hv‡e gyw³hy‡×i mk ¿ Aa¨v‡q Zuvi
Ae ’vb †Kv_vq wQj, Kx wQj|
†cbvs-Gi cwÎKv `¨ †÷Um B‡Kv 22.12.Õ71-G †j‡L ÔgywRe
evsjv‡`‡ki RbK Ges GUv AcwiKíbxq †h, wZwb Zuvi RbMY‡K Ab¨
†Kv‡bv cZvKvi wb‡P wb‡q hv‡eb|Õ GKB cwÎKv 4.1.Õ72-G †j‡L, Ô†kL
gywRe evsjv‡`‡ki Awemsevw`Z †bZv|Õ
LvZz©‡gi cwÎKv Avj AvBqvg 10.1.Õ72-Gi m¤úv`Kxq‡Z †j‡L,
Ô†kL gywReyi ingvb †Kej gy³ e¨w³B bb, wZwb m`¨ ¯vaxb GKwU iv‡óªi
cÖavb|Õ †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi cÖZ¨veZ©b cÖgvY K‡i †h, wZwbB GKgvÎ
e¨w³ huvi ÿgZv Ges AwaKvi Av‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Kivi|
`¨ I‡q÷ A‡÷ªwjqvb (cv_©) 12.1.Õ72-G GK m¤úv`Kxq‡Z †j‡L,
Ôevsjv‡`k ¯vaxb ivóª n‡q †M‡Q, †k‡Li cvwK Ívb †_‡K ¯vaxb nIqvi
¯cœ ev ÍevwqZ n‡q‡Q| Ab¨ †Kv‡bv RvZxq †bZv GB iKg bvUKxqfv‡e
GK `yiƒn cÖwZK~j Ae ’vi ga¨ †_‡K ÿgZvq Avm‡Z cvi‡Zv bv|Õ
†jLK: Avwcj wefv‡Mi mv‡eK wePvicwZ I M‡elK
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18
wbix¶v
cÖ e Ü
. .
1971 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m e½eÜzÕi AvnŸv‡b evsjvi gvbyl †h Amn‡hvM
Av‡›`vj‡b Suvwc‡q c‡owQj, Zv wQj wek¦ BwZnv‡m GK bZyb Aa¨v‡qi
ms‡hvRb| Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb c„w_exi BwZnv‡m bZyb NUbv bq| wKš‘ gvÎ
25 w`‡bi Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g GKUv RvwZi ¯vaxbZvi `vwe‡K
mk ¿ gyw³hy‡×i Rb¨ HK¨e× Kivi g‡Zv NUbv BwZnv‡m weij| e½eÜzÕi
bv‡g m„wó nq BwZnv‡m GK bZzb Aa¨vq|
GKvˇii Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi cðv‡Z i‡q‡Q e½eÜz, AvIqvgx jxM
I RbM‡Yi my`xN© 24 eQ‡ii weivgnxb ivR‰bwZK msMÖvg| g~jZ e½eÜzÕi
cÖvÁ †bZ…‡Z¡B G †`‡ki gvbyh GwM‡q †M‡Q MYZ‡š¿i c‡_, Amv¤cÖ vwqK
RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi w`‡K, RvZxq gyw³ AR©‡bi j‡¶¨| e½eÜz †kL gywReyi
19
ingvb cvwK Ívwb mvgwiK-AvgjvZvwš¿K ˆ¯ivPvix †kvlY-Drcxo‡bi weiæ‡×
`„p Ae¯’vb MÖnY K‡ib| avivevwnK Av‡›`vjb-msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g e½eÜz
evOvwj RvwZi cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖavb †bZvi Avm‡b AwawôZ nb Ges
av‡c-av‡c Av‡›`vj‡bi djvdj‡K P~ovšÍ cwiYwZi w`‡K GwM‡q wb‡q †h‡Z
m¶g nb| Zuvi ewjô †bZ…‡Z¡i ˆewkó¨ µgk my¯úó n‡Z _v‡K; QvÎ-RbZv
Zuv‡K e½eÜz Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡ib| e½eÜz n‡q I‡Vb evOvwj RvwZi gnvb
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gvBjdjK wQj evqvbœi fvlv Av‡›`vjb, Pzqvbœi wbe©vP‡b hy³d«‡›Ui weRq,
Õ62 mv‡ji QvÎ-RbZvi AvBqyewe‡ivax Av‡›`vjb, AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv
evwZ‡ji `vwe‡Z 1969-Gi MYAfy¨Ìvb| QvÎ-RbZvi i³v³ †mB
Afy¨Ìv‡bi cUf~wg‡Z 1970 mv‡j AbywôZ cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g mvaviY wbe©vP‡b
AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wbi¼zk weRq AR©b Kivi ga¨ w`‡q e½eÜz evOvwj RvwZi
Avkv-AvKv•¶vi cÖZx‡K cwiYZ nb| cvwK Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx ¶gZv n ÍvšÍ‡i
Mwogwm Ki‡Z _vK‡j Ges evOvwj RvwZi ¯vwaKvi cÖwZôvi welqwU cvk
KvwU‡q †h‡Z PvB‡j e½eÜz `„p Ae ’vb MªnY K‡ib| msMÖv‡gi G i³v³
ch©v‡q ïiæ n‡q wM‡qwQj Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb, hv‡Z e½eÜzB Kvh©Z mKj
¶gZvi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z cwiYZ n‡q hvb| †`k Pj‡Z _v‡K Zuvi wb‡`©‡k|
me© ͇ii gvbyl ¯Ztù~Z©fv‡e kvwgj nb Av‡›`vjb-msMÖv‡gi Kv‡djvq|
nvB‡Kv‡U©i wePvicwZ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i mKj miKvwi-†emiKvwi Kg©KZv©-
Kg©Pvix, cÖvB‡fU †Kv¤úvwbi KZ©ve¨w³mn kªwgK, wk¶K-QvÎ, K„hK-RbZv
Z_v mKj †kªwY-†ckvi I me© ͇ii gvbylB kvwgj n‡q c‡ob GB
e½eÜz †kL gywRe Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi
Rb¨ mywbw`©ó wb‡ ©kvejx `vb K‡ib| ...
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15B gvP© †_‡K cÖK…Zc‡¶ evsjv‡`‡ki
miKvi cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ e½eÜz Ges
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e½eÜzÕi Amn‡hvM
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20
MYmsMÖv‡g| evsjvÕi A‡NvwlZ †cÖwm‡W›U e½eÜzÕi wb‡`©‡k Pj‡Z _v‡K
mewKQz| me©Kv‡ji me©e¨vcK Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb GwM‡q wM‡qwQj GKwU
RvwZi gyw³ I GKwU †`‡ki ¯vaxbZvi j‡¶¨ mk ¿ gyw³hy‡×i avivq|
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NUbvcÖev‡ni cÖwZ Av‡jvKcvZ Kivi †Póv Ki‡ev|
1970 mv‡ji 7B wW‡m¤i AbywôZ nq cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g mvaviY
wbe©vPb| RvZxq cwil‡`i cÖ_g Awa‡ekb AvnŸvb Kiv n‡qwQj 1971-
Gi 3iv gvP©| RbMY Avkv K‡iwQj †h, Zvi Av‡M ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍi n‡e
wbe©vwPZ RbcÖwZwbwa‡`i nv‡Z| G cUf~wg‡Z 1jv gvP© XvKvq †nv‡Uj
c~e©vYx‡Z AvIqvgx jx‡Mi cvj©v‡g›Uvwi cvwU©i mfv PjwQj| †ejv 1:05
wgwb‡U †eZv‡i cvwK Ív‡bi mvgwiK †cÖwm‡W›U †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb
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†mLv‡b GK RbvKxY© mvsevw`K m‡¤§j‡b e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb 2iv
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Av‡jv‡K wePvi Ki‡j, Kvh©Z 1jv gvP© †_‡KB Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb ïiæ
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GmGg Avnmvb‡K eiLv¯Í K‡i †j. †Rbv‡ij mv‡neRv`v‡K `vwqZ¡ †`qv
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Qv·bZviv †NvlYv K‡ib, evsjv‡`‡ki RbMY GKgvÎ e½eÜz †kL gywR‡ei
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gywRe wd‡i G‡m ej‡jb, Av‡›`vjb Pj‡e, Amn‡hvM Pj‡e| 17B gvP©
†cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqvi mv‡_ e½eÜz †kL gywR‡ei ˆeV‡Ki ciB cvwK Ívwb
mvgwiK Pµ Zv‡`i cwiKíbvgvwdK AMÖmi nIqvi wb‡ ©k cvq Bqvwnqv
Lv‡bi wbKU †_‡K| GB w`‡bi Av‡jvPbvq Dfqc¶B ¯-¯ Dc‡`óv Z_v
mnKgx©mn Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb| g~jZ Hw`bB evsjv‡`‡ki fwel¨r wba©vwiZ
n‡qwQj c~Y©v½ Av‡jvPbv eV‡Ki ci | †cÖwm‡W›U fe‡b †Rbv‡ij wU°v Lvb
cÖ‡ek Ki‡j Bqvwnqv Lvb Zv‡K ej‡jb, ÔcÖ ‘Z nIÕ| mk ¿ cÖwZ‡iva
Awbevh© n‡q I‡V evOvwj‡`i Rb¨| RbMY e½eÜyÕi 7B gv‡P©i wb‡ ©kvejx
Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i| 23†k gvP© cvwK Ívb w`em evsjv‡`‡k
cÖwZ‡iva w`em wn‡m‡e cvwjZ nq| GKgvÎ K¨v›Ub‡g›U I †cÖwm‡W›U feb
e¨ZxZ me©Î evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwPÎLwPZ ¯vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv D‡Ëvjb
Kiv nq| e½eÜzÕi evmfe‡b Qv·bZviv ¯vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv
e½eÜzÕi nv‡Z Zy‡j †`q Ges wZwbB †mB cZvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡ib| 24†k
gvP© ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg, ZvRDÏxb Avng` Ges W. Kvgvj †nv‡mb
†cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi Dc‡`óv‡`i mv‡_ yÕNÈv ’vqx GK ˆeV‡K wgwjZ
nb| Gw`‡K PÆMÖvg e›`‡i Ggwf †mvqvZ RvnvR †_‡K A ¿ Lvjv‡mi
weiæ‡× kªwgK I QvÎ-RbZv Ae‡iva M‡o †Zv‡jb| ˆmq`cyimn wewfbœ
’v‡b AevOvwjiv †mbvevwnbxi mn‡hvwMZvq evOvwj nZ¨v ïiæ K‡i|
ZvRDÏxb Avng` ˆmq`cy‡i I Ab¨vb¨ ’v‡b evOvwj nZ¨vi Zxeª cÖwZev`
Rvbvb| Rq‡`ecy‡i BwcAvi e¨v‡Uwjqb 19†k gvP© ¸wj Pvjv‡Z A¯xKvi
Ki‡j cvwK Ívb mvgwiK RvšÍv wewfbœ ’v‡b BwcAv‡ii evOvwj RIqvb I
Awdmvi‡`i wbi ¿ Kivi Rb¨ †Mvcb wb‡ ©k †`q| †mbvevwnbxi evOvwj
Awdmvi‡`i Ici Kov bRi ivLv n‡jv| Zv‡`i H gyn~‡Z© wbi ¿ Kiv n‡j
cvwK Ívb †mbvevwnbxi fveg~wZ© ewnwe©‡k¦ ¶zYœ n‡e- GK_v †f‡e cvwK Ívwb
mvgwiK RvšÍv †KŠkj Aej¤b K‡i| P~ovšÍ AvNvZ nvbvi cwiKíbv wewf-
bœ ’v‡b †mbv e¨viv‡K A-evOvwj Awdmvi‡`i Rvbv‡bvi e¨e ’v nq| †gRi
†Rbv‡ij Lvw`g †nv‡mb ivRv I ivI digvb Avjx yÕwU †nwjKÞv‡i K‡i
meKÕwU K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U wM‡q weª‡MW KgvÛvi‡`i ÔAcv‡ikb mvP©jvBUÕ
Kvh©Ki Kivi w`b¶Y Rvwb‡q †`b| 25†k gvP© Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi
24Zg w`b| ycy‡ii ci e½eÜz †kL gywRe †bZ„e„›` I Kgx©‡`i hvi-hvi
GjvKvq P‡j hvIqvi wb‡ ©k w`‡jb| mvivw`b GKai‡bi _g_‡g fve
XvKvq weivR KiwQj| Gw`‡K Av‡Mi w`bB cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi MYcwil`
m`m¨iv XvKv Z¨vM K‡ib| fz‡Æv †_‡K hvb| 25†k gvP© fy‡Æv-Bqvwnqv
ˆeV‡Ki ci fy‡Æv mvsevw`K‡`i Rvbvb, Ôcwiw ’wZ msKURbKÕ| †cÖwm‡W›U
Bqvwnqv Lvb 25†k gvP© mܨvq †Mvc‡b XvKv Z¨vM Ki‡jb| wKš‘ e½eÜz
†kL gywR‡ei Kv‡Q LeiwU †ewk¶Y †Mvcb _v‡Kwb| mܨv 7Uvq wegv‡b
Av‡ivn‡Yi ciB DBs KgvÛvi G †K L›`Kvi e½eÜyÕ‡K LeiUv cvwV‡q
†`b| e½eÜz Zvi Afxó j‡¶¨ wQ‡jb AwePj| Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi
cvkvcvwk cvwK Ívwb kvmK I ivRbxwZK‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Pvwj‡q e½eÜz
RbMY‡K I wek¦evmx‡K GB Dcjwä‡Z wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb †h, evsjv‡`‡ki
RbM‡Yi gyw³i Rb¨ mk ¿ msMÖv‡gi Avi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| cvwK Ívwb
†mbvevwnbxi Avµg‡Yi Rev‡eB Av‡›`vj‡bi mk ¿ ce© ïiæ n‡q wM‡qwQj,
hv weRq AR©b K‡iwQj gywRebMi miKv‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ bq gv‡mi
mk ¿ gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g 1971-Gi 16B wW‡m¤i| Gfv‡eB e½eÜzÕi
Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb ¯vaxb-mve©‡fŠg MYcªRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvi
gva¨‡g P~ovšÍ cwiYwZ jvf K‡i|
†jLK: K_v-mvwnwZ¨K, cÖvewÜK I ivRbxwZwe`
m~Î: e½eÜz, wgRvbyi ingvb m¤úvw`Z
21
1970 mv‡ji 15 †deªqvwi Rq evsjv evwnbx cZvKvmn wgwQj K‡i e½eÜy‡K MvW© Ae Abvi †`q| 23 gvP© G GKB cZvKv XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi eUZjvq D‡Ëvjb
K‡i QvÎ msMÖvg cwil`
wbix¶v
cÖ e Ü
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1757 mv‡j cjvkx cÖvšÍ‡i ¯vaxbZvi jvj m~h© A¯ÍwgZ n‡qwQj| civwRZ
n‡qwQ‡jb evsjvi †kl ¯vaxb beve wmivR-D`-†`Šjv| weRq n‡qwQj gxiRvdi
I Zvi mn‡hvMx‡`i| Zviv Bs‡iR kvmK‡`i‡K evsjvi gmb‡` ewm‡q
†gvmv‡n‡ei LvZvq wb‡R‡`i bvg wjwL‡qwQj| G‡Z Kv‡qg n‡qwQj yÕkZ
eQ‡ii Bs‡iR kvmb| Gic‡i 1947 mv‡j †MuvRvwg‡ji cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZwôZ
n‡jv| c~e© I cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi g‡a¨ †fŠ‡MvwjK ~iZ¡ 1100 gvB‡ji| GKgvÎ
ag©xq mv „k¨ Qvov yB f~L‡Ði gvby‡li gZ-c_, fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ I RxebhvÎvi
g‡a¨ †Kvb HK¨-mv „k¨ wQj bv| yB f~L‡Ði A_©bxwZ I ivRbxwZI wQj wfbœ|
Bs‡iR kvmb I †kvlY n‡Z AvcvZ gyw³i cÖZ¨vkvq G †MuvRvwgj‡K gvbyl †g‡b
wb‡qwQj| wKš‘ cwK Ívb cÖwZôvi Ae¨ewnZ c‡iB yB f~L‡Ði g‡a¨ ˆelg¨ I
22
ˆemv „k¨ ¯úó †_‡K ¯úóZi n‡q I‡V| GK”QÎ kvmb ÿgZvi gvwjK n‡q
cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx bvbvfv‡e ZrKvjxb c~e© cwK Ívb‡K VKv‡Z _v‡K|
Pj‡Z _v‡K kvmb I †kvlY| evOvwj‡`i g‡b †ÿvf Avi Am‡šÍvl `vbv euva‡Z
_v‡K| me©cÖ_g AvNvZ Av‡m Avgv‡`i fvlvi Ici| D`y©‡K GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv
wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv n‡j 1952 mv‡j ey‡Ki i³ w`‡q, cÖvY w`‡q gv‡qi fvlv‡K
iÿv Ki‡Z nq| Gici AvNvZ Av‡m wkÿvi Ici| 1962 mv‡j GKUv me©Rbxb
I MYgyLx wkÿvi `vwe‡Z evOvwj RvwZ‡K Av‡›`vj‡b ivRc‡_ bvg‡Z nq| G
†cÖÿvc‡U †k‡ievsjv G †K dRjyj nK, †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv ©x, gIjvbv
fvmvbx I ZiæY AvIqvgx jxM †bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb AvcvZZ cÖv‡`wkK
¯vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡Z †mv”Pvi nb| 1954 mv‡ji hy³d«›U miKvi MwVZ nq|
wKš‘ cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK I †kvlK‡Mvôx wb‡R‡`i ÿgZv‡K wPi¯’vqx Kivi
j‡ÿ¨ 1958 mv‡ji 7B A‡±vei mvgwiK digvbe‡j ÿgZv †K‡o †bq|
cvwK Ív‡bi mvgwiK kvm‡bi bv‡Ui ¸iæ L¨vZ †g. †Rbv‡ij B¯‹v›`i wgR©v‡K
ÿgZvPz¨Z I †`k †_‡K weZvwoZ K‡i wdì gvk©vj AvBqye Lvb ÿgZv‡K
cvKv‡cv³ K‡i †Ru‡K e‡mb| 1954 †_‡K 1971 mvj ch©šÍ kvmb I †kvl‡Yi
weiæ‡× G Av‡›`vjb Pj‡Z _v‡K| B‡Zvg‡a¨ cvwK¯Ívwb kvmb I †kvl‡Yi Kvi‡Y
¯vqËkvm‡bi `vwe ¯vaxbZvi `vwe‡Z cwiYZ nq| Gfv‡e evOvwj RvZxqZvev`
I gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv I g~j¨‡eva ˆZwi n‡Z _v‡K|
G Av‡›`vjb Pjgvb _vKvKv‡j †k‡ievsjv I †mvnivIqv ©x B‡šÍKvj K‡ib|
†mvnivIqv ©xi B‡šÍKv‡ji c‡i †kL gywReyi ingvb cybM©wVZ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi
mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…Z¡ w`‡Z _v‡Kb| gIjvbv fvmvbxi †bZ…‡Z¡
b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU©, Aa¨vcK †gvRvdd&i Avng‡`i †bZ‡Z¡ b¨vc Ges
kZ evav-wecwË D‡cÿv-AwZµg
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n‡eBÑ G cÖZ¨q Ges †`‡ki
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23
Kg‡iW gwb wms-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ wmwcwc (eZ©gvb wmwcwe) G Av‡›`vj‡b kwiK
wQj| QvÎivRbxwZi ZLb wQj ¦Y©hyM| QvÎjx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡ wQ‡jb †Zvdv‡qj
Avn‡g`, Ave yi iv¾vK, †kL dRjyj nK gwb, Av m g Ave yi ie,
kvnRvnvb wmivR, b~‡i Avjg wmwÏKx I Ave yj KzÏym gvLb cÖgyL| QvÎ
BDwbq‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ wQ‡jb evsjvi AwMœKb¨v L¨vZ gwZqv †PŠayix, iv‡k` Lvb
†gbb, mvBdzwÏb Avn‡g` gvwbK, †gvnv¤§` dinv`, gyRvwn yj Bmjvg †mwjg
I b~iæj Bmjvg bvwn`| QvÎ ivRbxwZ ZLb wQj ivRbxwZ‡Z eo d¨v±i|
Qv·`i cÖwZ mvaviY gvby‡li †mœnvkxl, Av ’v I mg_©b wQj| wKš‘ bvbv
Kvi‡Y G mg‡q Av‡›`vjb ivZvivwZ `vbv †eu‡a DV‡Z cv‡iwb| e½eÜz bvbv
cÖwZK~jZv Avi evavi gy‡LvgywL n‡q‡Qb| Gi cÖavb KviY wQj cwðg
cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôxi HK¨| Kv‡q`-B-Avhg †_‡K Bqvwnqv Lvb mK‡jB
Òmvwjk gvwb wKš‘ ZvjMvQUv AvgviÓ bxwZ‡Z AUj-AwePj wQ‡jb|
MYZvwš¿K cÖwµqvq n‡jI Zviv Ges e› y‡Ki gy‡L n‡jI ZvivB ÿgZvq
_vK‡ebÑ GwUB wQj Zv‡`i ÷ª¨v‡UwR| G ÷ª vUwR‡K Kvh©Ki Kivi nvwZqvi
wn‡m‡e Zviv nv‡Zi Kv‡Q †c‡qwQ‡jb ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi e¸ovi
†gvnv¤§` Avjx, †gvbv‡qg Lvb, b~iæj Avwgb, meyi Lvb, dRjyj Kv‡`i
†PŠayix cÖgyL ivRbxwZwe`‡K| ÿgZvi wQ‡U‡duvUv Askx`vwiZ¡ †c‡q Zviv c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯v_©‡K †egvjyg RjvÄwj w`‡Z wØav‡eva Ki‡Zb bv| Zviv
Bmjvwg åvZ…Z¡‡eva I H‡K¨i †`vnvB w`‡q cvwK Ívwb kvmb I †kvl‡Yi c‡ÿ
bvbv KvR K‡i‡Qb| QvÎmgv‡Ri GKUv ÿz ª AskI cvwK Ívwb kvmb‡K
mg_©b w`‡q‡Q| Wvbcš’x QvÎd«›U GbGmGd-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ wQ‡jb G Avi
BDmyd, Aveyj nvmbvZ I gvn&eyeyj nK yjb cÖgyL|
ag©wfwËK wKQz ivR‰bwZK `j Gmgq e„nËi gymwjg HK¨ I msnwZi
wRwKi Zzj‡Z _v‡K hv cÖKvivšÍ‡i cwðg cvwK Ívwb kvmK †Mvôxi ¯v_©‡KB
mgybœZ K‡i‡Q| gymjgvb msL¨vMwiô cvwK¯Ív‡bi G As‡k Zv‡`i ZrciZv
mn‡RB ag©cÖvY wKQz gvbyl‡K HK¨e× K‡i Ges cÖMwZi wec‡ÿ Ae¯’vb
†bq| gvIjvbv gI y`xi Av`k©cyó Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx, †bRv‡g Bmjvg,
wcwWwc I gymwjg jx‡Mi e¨vbv‡i GK †kªwYi Av‡jg-Ijvgv cvwK Ívwb
kvm‡bi c‡ÿ KvR K‡i‡Q| ZvivB wQ‡jb GLv‡b cvwK¯Ívwb kvm‡bi
Av`wk©K wfZ| G‡`i GKwU Ask 1971 mv‡j evOvwji P~ovšÍ weR‡q
gyw³hy‡×i we‡ivwaZv ch©šÍ K‡i Ges cvKevwnbx‡K mnvqZv K‡i| Avj-
e`i, ivRvKvi I Avj-kvgm BZ¨vw` e¨vbv‡i Giv evOvwj wba‡b †b‡g c‡o|
cvwK¯Ívwb kvmb ’vqx nIqvi Av‡iv GKwU eo KviY wQj †gŠwjK MYZš¿|
†gŠwjK MYZš¿ ev Basic Democracy-Gi Avov‡j XvKv c‡o †hZ
me©Rbxb †fvUvwaKvi ev MYZš¿ hv “Government of the People, bythe People and for the People” bv‡g mvivwe‡k¦ mgv „Z| †gŠwjK
MYZ‡š¿i gva¨‡g wbe©vwPZ ÔwewW †g¤viMYÕ Ô†Pqvig¨vbÕ wbe©vwPZ Ki‡Zb
Ges †Pqvig¨vbiv cvwK¯Ív‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vwPZ Ki‡Zb| AvBqye Lvb G
c×wZ‡ZB †cÖwm‡W›U n‡q gmb`‡K cvKv‡cv³ K‡iwQ‡jb| 1965 mv‡j
†cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vP‡b AvBqye Lv‡bi wec‡ÿ mw¤§wjZ we‡ivax `‡ji cÖv_©x nb
wgm dv‡Zgv wRbœvn&| G wbe©vP‡b c~e© cvwK Ív‡b MYRvMi‡Yi m~Pbv nq|
fqfxwZ Avi UvKv w`‡q †fvU hy‡× Rqx n‡jI AvBqye Lvb eyS‡Z cv‡ib †h,
c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi RbMY Zv‡K Pvq bv| 1966 mv‡ji 5-6 †deªæqvwi jv‡nv‡i
we‡ivax `jmg~‡ni m‡¤§j‡b e½eÜz †kL gywRe cÖKv‡k¨ 6-`dv †NvlYv
K‡ib| wZwb ej‡jb, GB 6-`dv evOvwj RvwZi gyw³i mb`| kZ evav-
wecwË D‡cÿv-AwZµg K‡i wZwb 6-`dv `vwe‡K RbM‡Yi KvQvKvwQ wb‡q
†M‡Qb| Zuvi A`g¨ mvnm, †`k‡cÖg, Rq Avgv‡`i n‡eBÑ G cÖZ¨q Ges
†`‡ki gvby‡li fv‡jvevmv Zuv‡K evievi g„Zz¨i gy‡LvgywL K‡i‡Q wKš‘ wZwb
wcQcv nbwb|
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me‡P‡q evavwU G‡m‡Q evOvwji iÿYkxj I myweavev`x †kªwYi cÿ †_‡K|
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gybvdv‡Lvi, Kv‡jvevRvwi G †kªwYfz³| ÔKB fv‡jvB‡Zv AvwQ, mewKQzB
wVKVvK Av‡Q, cwieZ©‡bi `iKvi †bB, cwieZ©bUv GZ mnR bqÕÑ G g‡Z
wek¦vmx G †kªwYi gvby‡liv wb‡Riv cÖwZev` Ki‡Zb bv, Avevi †KD cÖwZev`
Ki‡j Zv‡K `yÕnvZ †`wL‡q w`‡Zb| we‡kl K‡i, mvgwiK I †emvgwiK
7 Ryb, 1969 XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b wekvj Rbmfvq 6-`dvi mg_©‡b e³…Zv K‡ib e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb - Qwe: AvdZve Avng`
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Zviv AvMvg 144 aviv wKsev mvܨ AvBb Rvwi K‡i w`‡Zb| e½eÜz 144
aviv f½ K‡i wgwUs-wgwQj Ki‡Zb, G‡Z gvgjv n‡Zv, wZwb †MÖdZvi
n‡ZbÑ Gfv‡e wZwb eûevi †MÖdZvi n‡q‡Qb| wgwQj-wgwUs I mgv‡ek
cÐI n‡q †hZ| G‡ÿ‡Î Av‡iKUv eo evav wQj ZrKvjxb evBk
cwievi| GB evBk cwievi cvwK¯Ív‡bi wkí-evwYR¨, e¨emv, e¨vsK-exgv
BZ¨vw`i gvwjK wQj| kªwgK †kvlY, AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZb, QuvUvB meB wQj
wbZ¨w`‡bi NUbv| kªwgKiv e½eÜzi †Kv‡bv Kg©m~wP‡Z Ask wb‡j
PvKwiPz¨wZ, †MÖdZvi, wbh©vZb G meB n‡Zv| GB evBk cwiev‡ii
m`m¨iv wb‡R‡`i e¨emvwqK ¯v‡_© ivóªxq ÿgZvi QÎQvqvq _vK‡Z
wbivc` †eva Ki‡Zb| KL‡bv-KL‡bv Av‡›`vjb e¨_© Ki‡Z A_© wewb‡qvM
Ki‡ZI wcQcv n‡Zb bv| e½eÜz ïiæ †_‡KB G evBk cwiev‡ii weiæ‡×,
Zv‡`i †kvl‡Yi weiæ‡× wQ‡jb †mv”Pvi| G mgq ˆewk¦K ivRbxwZ
civkw³ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi †bZ¡‡Z¡ mgvRZvwš¿K eøK Avi Ab¨
civkw³ gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi †bZ…‡Z¡ cuywRev`x eøKÑG `yB fv‡M wef³ wQj|
†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqbmn †MvUv mgvRZvwš¿K †`k¸‡jv e½eÜzi Kg©m~wP‡K
mg_©b †`qvi Kvi‡Y Av‡gwiKv I Zvi wgÎ †`k¸‡jv wecix‡Z Ae ’vb
†bq| mgvRZvwš¿K ivóª MYPxbI wQj cvwK Ív‡bi eÜz‡`k| gymwjg
†`k¸‡jv wQj A‡bKUv wbi‡cÿ I bxie| G wbi‡cÿZvI wQj cvwK Ívwb
kvmb I †kvl‡Yi c‡ÿ †gŠb m¤§wZ I mg_©b|
†`wk-we‡`wk kZ evav-wecwË I cÖwZK~jZv D‡cÿv K‡i †kL gywRe
6-`dvi wfwˇZ MYAv‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi j‡ÿ¨ evsjvi Avbv‡P-Kvbv‡P
mfv-mgv‡ek I wgwQj-wgwUs Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| cvwK Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx 6-
`dv †g‡b wb‡Z A¯xKvi K‡i Ges †kL gywRe‡K wew”QbœZvev`x wn‡m‡e
Awfhy³ K‡i| 1966 mv‡ji 7 Ryb 6-`dvi mg_©‡b AvIqvgx jxM
mviv‡`‡k niZvj cvjb K‡i| Gw`b niZvj PjvKv‡j U½x‡Z gby wgqv
bv‡gi GKRb kªwgK cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z wbnZ nb| mviv‡`k Gi cÖwZev‡`
we‡ÿv‡f †d‡U c‡o| QvÎ-kªwgK I RbZv ivRc‡_ †b‡g w`‡Z _v‡K
G‡Ki ci Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©m~wP| Gmgq miKvwi †NvlYvq †iwWI-
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cÖwZev`gyLi n‡q I‡Vb| ZvivI ivRc‡_ †b‡g Av‡mb| AvBqye-
†gvbv‡qg miKvi msev`c‡Îi KÉ †ivaK‡í KvjvKvbyb Rvwi Ki‡j
knx yjøv Kvqmvi, Ave yj Avjxg, wmivRyÏxb †nv‡mb cÖgy‡Li †bZ…‡Z¡
mvsevw`K mgvRI ivRc‡_ wgwQj-wgwUs ïiæ K‡ib| 6-`dv `vwe
Av`v‡qi j‡ÿ¨ QvÎ-RbZv wgwQj-wgwUs‡qi gva¨‡g †mv”Pvi n‡Z _v‡K|
we‡ÿv‡fi Av¸b `vevb‡ji g‡Zv Qwo‡q c‡o mviv‡`‡k| †kL gywRe‡K
ivóª‡`ªvn ÔAvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvÕq †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| 1968 mv‡ji 19
Ryb Kzwg©‡Uvjv †mbvwbev‡m Kov wbivcËvi g‡a¨ ïiæ nq wePvi| †kL
gywR‡ei gyw³i `vwe‡Z AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡ Av‡›`vjb ïiæ nq|
niZvj I Ae‡iv‡ai g‡Zv K‡Vvi Kg©m~wP Pj‡Z _v‡K G‡Ki ci GK|
Ô†R‡ji Zvjv fvO‡ev, †kL gywRe‡K Avb‡evÕÑ G † øvMv‡b cÖKw¤úZ nq
evsjvi AvKvk-evZvm| el©xqvb Rb‡bZv gIjvbv fvmvbx, Aa¨vcK
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gywR‡ei gyw³i Av‡›`vj‡b ivRc‡_ bv‡gb| 6-`dvi Av‡jv‡K QvÎmgvR
DÌvcb K‡i 11-`dv| 1969 mv‡ji 20 Rvbyqvwi Qv·`i wgwQ‡j
cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z Qv·bZv Avmv`y¾vgvb knx` nb| Gi cÖwZev‡` 21
Rvbyqvwi cvwjZ nq niZvj| 22 Rvbyqvwi †kvK w`em cvjb Kiv nq|
23 Rvbyqvwi mܨvq gkvj wgwQj †ei nq| 24 Rvbyqvwi me© ͇ii gvbyl
ivRc‡_ †b‡g co‡j ïiæ nq MYAv‡›`vjb| †mbvevwnbx bvgv‡bv nq|
†mbv m`‡m¨i ¸wj‡Z XvKvi beKzgvi Bbw÷wUD‡Ui QvÎ gwZDi wbnZ
nb| Qv·bZv †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g`, mvBdzwÏb Avn‡g` gvwbK I gwZqv
†PŠayix cÖgy‡Li AvnŸv‡b 25 Rvbyqvwi me©vZ¥K niZvj cvwjZ nq| Gfv‡e
niZvj I Ae‡iv‡a †`k APj n‡q c‡o| 18 †deªæqvwi ivRkvnx
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK Aa¨vcK kvgmy‡¾vnv‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| Ae ’v
†eMwZK †`‡L AvBqye Lvb we‡ivax `‡ji mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi cÖ Íve †`b|
22 †deªæqvwi AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvq †kL gywRe‡K gyw³ †`qv nq| 23
†deªæqvwi, 1969 QvÎ msMÖvg cwil`-Gi D‡`¨v‡M XvKvi †im‡Kvm©
gq`v‡b wekvj Rbmgv‡e‡k msMÖvgx QvÎ-RbZv †kL gywRe‡K Ôe½eÜzÕ
Dcvwa †`b| †mB †_‡KB wZwb e½eÜz| evOvwji cÖv‡Yi gvbyl| Gic‡i
Avi wZwb †cQ‡bi w`‡K ZvKvbwb| †k‡ievsjv †bB, †mvnivIqv`©x †bB;
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gy‡L AvBqye Lvb 1969 mv‡ji 25 †deªæqvwi I 10 gvP© we‡ivax `‡ji
mv‡_ †Mvj‡Uwej ˆeV‡K e‡mb| Av‡jvPbv e¨_© n‡j 1969 mv‡ji 25
gvP© AvBqye Lvb c`Z¨v‡M eva¨ nb| Bqvwnqv Lvb ÿgZv nv‡Z wb‡q
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SWOT Analysis GKwU ¸iæZ¡ welq| G‡ÿ‡Î S AÿiwU Strength,W AÿiwU Weakness, O AÿiwU Opportunity Ges T AÿiwU
Threat-Gi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i| gyw³hy‡×i welqvejxi SWOT we‡kølY
wbgœiƒc n‡Z cv‡i:
24
6-`dv wfwËK Av‡›`vjb hLb Zz‡½ ZLb XvKvi cëb gq`v‡b RvgvwZiv
Rbmfvi Av‡qvRb K‡i| wKš‘ weÿzä RbZv Zv‡`i jvwV-†cUv K‡i|
Ae‡k‡l iYf½ w`‡q RvgvwZiv cjvqb K‡i -Qwe: AvdZve Avng`
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- Qwe: AvdZve Avng`
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26
iv‡óª Zv‡`i Ae ’v uvov‡jv wØZxq †kªwYi bvMwi‡Ki| ïiæ †_‡KB c~e©evsjv cwiYZ
n‡jv cwðg As‡ki ÔK‡jvwbÕ ev ÔevRv‡iÕ| MYZš¿nxb Ae ’vq mvgwiK-†emvgwiK
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Av‡`Š cÖ ‘Z wQj bv| ïiæ n‡jv cÖvmv` (K¨v›Ub‡g›U) lohš¿| GiB Ask wn‡m‡e 3iv
gvP© AbywôZ Constituent Assembly-i Awa‡ekb ’wMZ †NvlYv Kiv nq| 2iv
gvP© †_‡K e½eÜz c~e© evsjvÕq me©vZ¥K Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK †`b| cvwK Ívwb
cÖkvmb m¤ú~Y© APj n‡q c‡o| 25†k gv‡P©i mvgwiK n ͇ÿc ch©šÍ e½eÜzÕi wb‡ ©‡kB
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avbgwÐ 32 mo‡Ki evwowU cwiYZ n‡jv weª‡U‡bi 10 b¤i WvDwbs w÷ªU (cÖavbgš¿xi
Awdm-Kvg-evmfeb)-Gi Abyiƒc| jÛb †_‡K cÖKvwkZ ˆ`wbK EveningStandard cwÎKvi fvlvq:
“Sheikh Mujibur Rahman now appears to be the real boss ofEast Pakistan, with the complete support of the population...Rahman’s home- in Dhanmondi, already known as Number 10Downing Street in imitation of the British Prime Minister’s resi-dence- has been besieged by bureaucrats, politicians, bankers, indus-trialists and people from all walks of life.” (12 March 1971, p.10)
e½eÜzÕi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY wQj e¯‘Z
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZviB †NvlYv| ...
ZvB e½eÜz wfbœ †KŠkj Aej¤b K‡ib|
Zuvi A¨v‡cÖvP n‡jv: †gRwiwU (evOvwj),
gvBbwiwU (cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb) †_‡K
wew”Qbœ n‡e †Kb? eis gvBbwiwUB
ÔwmwmwWÕ K‡i‡Q ev AvµgYKvixÑ GUvB
cÖwZfvZ ev `„ó †nvK
e½eÜzÕi 7B gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi ivR‰bwZK Zvrch©
MYgva¨g-wfwËK
GKwU we‡kølY
nviæb-Ai-iwk`
27
†`kRy‡o wewfbœ ’v‡b wbi ¿ RbM‡Yi Ici ivóªxq evwnbx wbwe©Pv‡i ¸wj Qzu‡o
cÖwZw`b eûRb‡K nZvnZ K‡i P‡j| iv Ívq-iv Ívq M‡o I‡V RbZvi ¯Ztù~Z©
cÖwZ‡iva| mevB e½eÜzÕi KvQ †_‡K eo ai‡bi ivR‰bwZK †NvlYvi A‡cÿvq
Aaxi| Ggwb GK †cÖwÿ‡Z e½eÜzÕi 7B gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi †NvlYv G‡jv| †`k-
we‡`‡k mK‡ji aviYv, e½eÜz 7B gvP© Zuvi fvl‡Y c~e© evsjvÕi ¯vaxbZv †NvlYv
Ki‡eb| we‡`wk cÎcwÎKvq G g‡g© Lei Qvcv nq (`ªóe¨: The Guardian, 5March 1971, p. 12; The Sunday Times, 7 March 1971, p.1,9;The Observer, 7 March 1971, p.2; The Daily Telegraph, 6March 1971, p. 1)| `¨ †WBwj †UwjMÖvd cwÎKvi cÖwZwbwa †WwfW †jvkv‡Ki
XvKv †_‡K cvVv‡bv GKwU cÖwZ‡e`bÑ ‘E. Pakistan UDI (UnilateralDeclaration of Independence) Expected’-G wk‡ivbv‡g cwÎKvwUi 6B
gvP© msL¨vq Qvcv nq| G‡Z we‡ùvi‡Yvb¥yL cwiw ’wZi wek` eY©bv K‡i ejv nq,
‘Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is expected to Declare IndependenceTomorrow’| `¨ mvb‡W UvBgm& cwÎKvi 7B gvP© msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ KivwP †_‡K
cwÎKvi cÖwZwbwa wcUvi †n‡Rj nv÷© †cÖwiZ cÖwZ‡e`‡b, ‘East Pakistanleader could declare UDI-’ G‡Z yÕai‡bi
m¤¢vebvi K_v D‡jøL Kiv nq: gywRe GKZidv
¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv †`‡eb, bZzev wb‡RB
Constituent Assembly-i Awa‡ekb †W‡K
Dfq As‡ki cÖwZwbwa‡`i †hvM`v‡bi AvnŸvb
Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib|
†kL gywRe KZ©„K GKZidv ¯vaxbZvi
†NvlYvi m¤¢vebv †`‡L cvwK Ívwb mvgwiK-†emvgwiK
Pµ bZzb †KŠkj Aej¤b K‡i| †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv
6B gvP© iv‡Z †`kevmxi D‡Ï‡k GK †eZvi fvl‡Y
B‡Zvc~‡e© Awbw ©óKv‡ji Rb¨ ¯’wMZ †NvwlZ
Constituent Assembly-i mfv 25†k gvP©
AvnŸv‡bi †NvlYv †`b| cvkvcvwk †`‡ki ALÐZv
iÿvi cÖ‡qvR‡b †h †Kv‡bv Pig e¨e ’v MÖn‡Y Zvi
miKv‡ii „pcÖwZÁvi K_v e¨³ K‡i mevB‡K mZK©
K‡i †`qv nq| Gici ïiæ nq gywRe-Bqvwnqv-fz‡Æv
ˆeVK| Gi †cQ‡b cvwK Ívwb mvgwiK-†emvgwiK P‡µi D‡Ïk¨ wQj Kvj‡ÿcY,
hv‡Z cwðg Ask †_‡K G my‡hv‡M ˆmb¨ I A ¿ wb‡q G‡m GLv‡b †gvZv‡qb Kiv
hvq| 25†k gv‡P©i †mbv AwfhvbB wQj Zv‡`i g~j cwiKíbvq|
e½eÜz ev AvIqvgx jxM nvBKgvÛ G wel‡q IqvwKenvj wQ‡jb bv, Giƒc
†KD †KD ejvi †Póv K‡i Avm‡Q, hv ev ͇e wfwËnxb| cÖKv‡k¨B cwðg cvwK Ívb
†_‡K ˆmb¨ I A ¿ wb‡q Avmv nw”Qj| Kv‡RB cvwK Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôxi bxj-bKkv
eyS‡Z †Kv‡bviƒc Abygv‡bi Avkªq †bqvi `iKvi nqwb| e½eÜzÕi 7B gv‡P©i
fvl‡Y GwU w`ev‡jv‡Ki g‡Zv my¯úó|
7B gv‡P©i e½eÜzÕi fvl‡Y g~j e³e¨ Kx n‡e, Zv w ’i Kivi j‡ÿ¨ Gi c~‡e©
AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †K› ªxq KwgwU GKUvbv 36 NÈv ˆeV‡Ki ciI †Kv‡bv w ’i
wm×v‡šÍ †cuŠQv‡Z bv cvi‡j D™¢~Z cwiw ’wZ we‡ePbvq hv ejv Avek¨K, ZvB
ej‡eb e‡j e½eÜz wb‡Ri Ici `vwqZ¡ wb‡jb ( ªóe¨: “Speeches at DhakaRace Course And Gettysburg”, Mofizur Rahman in TheFinancial Express, 31 March 1995, p.9)| Gici ÔivRbxwZi KweÕ
(wbDR DBK g¨vMvwR‡bi K_vq) mfvg‡Â G‡m Dcw ’Z| eY©‰elg¨ev` we‡ivax,
Av‡gwiKvb Kv‡jv gvby‡li wcÖq †bZv, wek¦bw›`Z gvwU©b jy_vi wKs‡qi g‡Zv Zuvi
RbMY‡K GKwU ¯‡cœi K_v (‘I have a dream’) ej‡Z nq, Zv‡`i‡K
¯vaxbZvi Rb¨ mk ¿ msMÖv‡gi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Z wZwb G‡jb| gvÎ 18 wgwb‡Ui
GK fvlY ivL‡jb| wK PgrKvi e³e¨| †hgwb mviMf©, †ZR¯x I hyw³hy³,
†Zgwb wZh©K, Zxÿè I w`Kwb‡ ©kbvc~Y©| Ac~e© kã‰kjx, evK¨web¨vm I
Dc ’vcbv| GKvšÍB Avcb, wbR¯ ˆewkó¨gwÐZ| †hgbÑ ÔAvgv‡`i Avi `vev‡q
(`vwe‡q ev `vevBqv bq) ivL‡Z cviev bvÕ| e½eÜz Zuvi mswÿß fvl‡YÑ
cvwK Ív‡bi 23 eQ‡ii ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm I evOvwj‡`i Ae ’v e¨vL¨v, cvwK Ívb
iv‡óªi mv‡_ evOvwj‡`i ؇›Øi ¯iƒc Zz‡j aiv, Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi cUf~wg
e¨vL¨v I we ÍvwiZ Kg©m~wP †NvlYv, mviv evsjvq cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zvjvi wb‡ ©k,
cÖwZ‡iva msMÖvg †klvewa gyw³hy‡× iƒc †bqvi Bw½Z, kÎæi †gvKvwejvq †Mwijv
hy‡×i †KŠkj Aej¤b, †h †Kv‡bv D¯‹vwbi gy‡L mv¤cÖ vwqK m¤cÖxwZ eRvq ivLvi
civgk© `vb BZ¨vw` wKQzi ci †NvlYv K‡ib: Ò... N‡i-N‡i yM© M‡o †Zvj|
†Zvgv‡`i hv wKQz Av‡Q ZvB wb‡q kÎæi †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z n‡e... Gev‡ii msMÖvg
Avgv‡`i gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯vaxbZvi msMÖvg| Rq evsjv|Ó
G wQj GKRb `ÿ Kzkjxi mywbcyY e³e¨ Dc ’vcbv| we‡kl K‡i fvl‡Yi
†kl ch©v‡q wZwb ¯vaxbZvi K_v Ggbfv‡e D”PviY Ki‡jb hv‡Z †NvlYvi wKQz
evwKI _vKj bv, Aciw`‡K Zuvi weiæ‡× GKZidv ¯vaxbZvi †NvlYvi Awf‡hvM
DÌvcb KivI kvmK‡Mvôxi Rb¨ Av‡`Š mnR wQj bv| ‘The DailyTelegraph cwÎKvi cÖwZwbwa †WwfW †jvkvK XvKv †_‡K †cÖwiZ ‘The end ofthe old Pakistan’ wk‡ivbvghy³ GK cÖwZ‡e`‡b G m¤‡Ü gšÍe¨ K‡ib: ‘OnSunday (7B gvP©) Sheikh Mujib came as near to declaring this(¯vaxbZv) as he could without inviting immediate harsh reactionfrom the Army.’ (10 March 1971, p.14)|
e½eÜzÕi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY wQj e ‘Z evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZviB †NvlYv|
GKRb wew”QbœZvev`x †bZv wn‡m‡e †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i wKsev ewnwe©‡k¦ hv‡Z wPwýZ
bv nb, G e¨vcv‡i e½eÜz m`v mZK© wQ‡jb| Zvn‡j, mœvqyhy× Pjgvb wek¦
cwiw ’wZ‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv AR©bB Am¤¢e n‡q uvovZ| Zuvi m¤§y‡L „óvšÍ
wQj Kxfv‡e bvB‡Rwiqvi †eqvd«v wew”QbœZvev`x Av‡›`vjb (1967-1970) e„nr
kw³i cÖZ¨ÿ mn‡hvwMZvq K‡Vvi n‡ Í `gb Kiv nq| ZvB e½eÜz wfbœ †KŠkj
Aej¤b K‡ib| Zuvi A¨v‡cÖvP n‡jv: †gRwiwU (evOvwj), gvBbwiwU (cwðg
cvwK Ívwb) †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡e †Kb? eis gvBbwiwUB ÔwmwmwWÕ K‡i‡Q ev
AvµgYKvixÑ GUvB cÖwZfvZ ev „ó †nvK ( ªóe¨: The Sunday Times, 7March 1971, p.9)| wbDR DBK g¨vMvwR‡b G wel‡q PgrKvi eY©bv wg‡j:
“A month ago, at a time when he was still publicly refrainingfrom proclaiming independence, Mujib privately told Newsweek’sLoren Jenkins that “there is no hope of salbaging the situation. Thecountry as we know it is finished.” But he waited for PresidentMohammed Yahya Khan to make the break. “We are the majority sowe cannot secede. They, the Westerners, are the minority, and it isupto them to secede.” (Poet of Politics, Newsweek, 5 April 1971).
e½eÜz Abym„Z G hyׇKŠkj m¤‡Ü mgi‡KŠkjx‡`i e³e¨ hv-B †nvK bv
†Kb, ivR‰bwZfv‡e †`L‡j 9 gv‡mi mk ¿ gyw³hy× PjvKvjxb wek¦ Rbg‡Zi
mg_©b Ges K~UbxwZ Dfq †ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`k msMÖv‡gi c‡ÿ Gi mydj cvIqv hvq|
e½eÜzÕi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY c„w_exi †kªô fvl‡Yi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| A‡b‡K G
fvlY‡K M„nhy‡× weaŸ Í Av‡gwiKvi †cÖwm‡W›U Aveªvnvg wjsK‡bi 1863 mv‡ji
weL¨vZ †MwUmevM© e³…Zvi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i _v‡Kb| Aveªvnvg wjsK‡bi †m
fvlYI wQj mswÿß (gvÎ 3 wgwbU) I wbR¯ ˆewkó¨gwÐZ| †cÖwÿZ wfbœ n‡jI
DfqB BwZnv‡mi g~j¨evb `wjj| wjsK‡bi K‡É aŸwbZ n‡jv MYZš¿ m¤‡Ü Zuvi
weL¨vZ Dw³: “The Government of the people, by the people andfor the people will never perish from the earth.” e½eÜz ej‡jb:
ÒmvZ †KvwU gvbyl‡K `vev‡q ivL‡Z cviev bv| Avgiv hLb gi‡Z wk‡LwQ ZLb
†KD Avgv‡`i `vev‡q ivL‡Z cvi‡e bv|Ó
7B gv‡P©i fvlY e½eÜzÕi Agi iPbv, evOvwji gnvKve¨| G gnvKve¨
evOvwji nvRvi eQ‡ii msMÖv‡gi aviv I ¯vaxbZvi jvwjZ ¯cœ †_‡K DrmvwiZ|
GKgvÎ e½eÜzÕi c‡ÿB G gnvKve¨ iPbv m¤¢e wQj, †Kbbv wZwbB n‡jb G avivi
mv_©K iƒcKvi|
†jLK: RvZxq wbivcËv we‡kølK
m~Î: e½eÜz, wgRvbyi ingvb m¤úvw`Z
7B gvP©, 1971 e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b HwZnvwmK fvlY †`b
wbix¶v
cÖ e Ü
. .
e`‡j hvIqvi K_vUv ejwQ ev ïbwQ A‡bKw`b †_‡KB| Ges mwZ¨ ZvB
mvsevw`KZv Avi Av‡Mi g‡Zv †bB| `ªæZZvi mv‡_ wVK msev`wU †`qvi Pig
cÖwZ‡hvwMZv AvR AbjvB‡b, cwÎKvq, †Uwjwfk‡b, †eZv‡i| Av‡Q mvgvwRK
gva¨‡gi mie Dcw¯’wZ| A‡b‡KB ej‡Z Pvb †h, mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© msev`gva¨g
KL‡bv e`jvq bv| e`jvq GB wek¦RMr| µgvMZ †m bZzb in‡m¨i D‡b¥l
NUvq| cÖwZw`b †m wbZ¨bZzb †Pnviv jvf K‡i| †mB †Pnvivi m‡½ `ªæZ Lvc
LvIqvi bvgB n‡e bZzb mvsevw`KZv| MYgva¨gKg©x‡`i cÖhyw³i mv‡_
Avgv‡`i mL¨Zv _vK‡ZB nq| wKš‘ mv¤cÖwZK mgqUv †hb †Kgb, cÖhyw³
Avgv‡`i †a‡q wb‡q hv‡”Q|
28
cÖhyw³i mv‡_ Avgv‡`i GB c_Pjvi Kvi‡Y cÖkœ IV‡Q mvsevw`KZvi
wk¶v ev cÖwk¶Y wK †KejB †Kv‡bv GKwU MYgva¨‡g GKwU PvKwi cvIqv
bvwK GB AvaywbK hy‡M m„Rbkxj †Kv‡bv wWwRUvj cÖwk¶Y? G weZK© GLb
bvbv †`‡k| Avi GB e`‡j hvIqv ev bZzb ai‡bi mvsevw`KZvq e`‡j hv‡”Q
evZ©vK‡¶i †Pnviv| G‡Z evZ©vK‡¶ †hgb Kg‡Q Kg©xi msL¨v, †Zgwb
cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri aib ev f‚wgKv|
cwðgv †`k¸‡jvi MYgva¨g m¤cwK©Z cÖwk¶Y cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi
†jLv‡jwLi w`‡K ZvKv‡j †`wL Zviv aviYv w`‡”Q, AvMvgxi evZ©vK¶ n‡e
Ggb †hLv‡b e¨e¯’vcbv ch©v‡q _vK‡e Kg †jvK, cÖ‡hvRbv ch©v‡q Kg‡e
Kg©x, mbvZbx A¨vmvBwbs Re Kg‡e| bZzb-bZzb me c` ˆZwi n‡e| †hgb,
AwW‡qÝ Gbvwj÷, Gb‡MR‡g›U GwWUi, †÷vwi †Uwjs †KvP Ges Kb‡U›U
÷ª v‡UwR÷| AvMvgxi evZ©vK‡¶ Giv mevB n‡e wWwRUvj †Kw›`ªK Ges G‡`i
mevB KwgDwbwU Kv‡bKUim ev gvby‡li mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM ivLvi m„Rbkxj
`¶Zvi AwaKvix n‡eb|
Zvn‡j GLb †h wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vj‡q ev cÖwZôv‡b mvsevw`KZv cov‡bv
n‡”Q Zv Kx e`jv‡e? hw` GB wk‡íi ÔAvMvgxi evZ©vK¶Õ ev ÍeZv n‡q _v‡K,
Zvn‡j Gi wk¶vi aib e`jv‡Z eva¨| †h `yÕwU w`‡K GB wk¶vq bRi †`qv
n‡Z cv‡iÑ Zvi GKwU n‡jv, wk¶v_©x‡`i hZUv †ewk wWwRUvj †Kw›`ªK K‡i
M‡o †Zvjv hvq, hvi ïiæ Ggb †`L‡Z cvw”Q| Av‡iKwU n‡jv, evZ©vK‡¶i
mbvZbx †h aviYvUv Av‡Q G‡`i g‡b, Zv †f‡O †`qv|
A‡bK †ewk we‡kølYx `¶Zvi AwaKvix n‡eb AvMvgxi evZ©vK‡¶i
Kg©xiv| †hgb, KwgDwbwU Kb‡U›U GwWUi‡K eyS‡Z n‡e cvVK-†kªvZv ev
MYgva¨‡gi evwY‡R¨ Zv‡`i _vK‡e
f‚wgKv| mvsevw`KivI GKUv mgq
n‡q DV‡eb cÖwZôv‡bi ivR¯^
Avni‡Yi gva¨g| Z‡e wbðq
mvsevw`KZvi bxwZ-ˆbwZKZvi K_v
fz‡j wM‡q bq
AvMvgxi evZ©vK¶
ˆmq` BkwZqvK †iRv
29
`k©‡Ki Pvwn`v wK, Zv we‡kølY K‡i †`Lv, Avi Zvi Rb¨ Zvi `iKvi,
I‡qe †gwUª· m¤c‡K© aviYv| Gb‡MR‡g›U GwWUi e¨ Í _vK‡eb
mvgvwRK gva¨g wb‡q, wK ai‡bi K¬y cvIqv hv‡”Q Gme gva¨‡g| Gi
evB‡i Zvi KvR _vK‡e, gv‡K©wUs, B‡f›U cwiKíbv Kiv BZ¨vw`-BZ¨vw`|
evZ©vK‡¶i meviB _vK‡Z n‡e gvwëcøvUdg© †cÖvWvKkb m¤c‡K© aviYv|
cÖwZôv‡bi mdjZvq Giv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB n‡eb `¶ wecYb Kg©x| Avi
ZvB mvsevw`KZv †kLv‡bvi cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K Zv‡`i wm‡jevm wb‡q fve‡Z
n‡e| †hme `¶Zv _vKv G‡Kev‡i Riæwi n‡q DV‡e Zvn‡jv, gvwëwgwWqv
†÷vwi †Uwjs| Kbfvi‡RÝ wgwWqvi aviYvq GKB e¨w³ GKB Qv‡`i wb‡P
AbjvB‡b wjL‡eb, †iwWI‡Z KÉ †`‡eb, wUwfÕi Rb¨ dz‡URmn c¨v‡KR
evbv‡eb| GgbwK GgbI n‡Z cv‡i, ïwUs Avi GwWwUs‡qi KvRI Ki‡eb
†mB GKB e¨w³| DcvË msMÖn Ges
cwimsL¨vb Rvbvi `¶Zv, we‡kølYx ¶gZv|
GKUv mgq cwÎKvq mvK©z‡jkb wefvM
ev me gva¨‡gB gv‡K©wUs e‡j hv wQj Zv
n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i AwW‡qÝ †W‡fjc‡g›U
wefvM hvi KvR n‡e AbjvBb e¨e ’vcbv,
AwW‡q‡Ýi AvPiY wb‡q msMÖn Kiv DcvË
we‡kølY Ges Zv‡`i mv‡_ B›Uv‡i± Kiv|
MYgva¨‡gi evwY‡R¨ Zv‡`i _vK‡e
f‚wgKv| mvsevw`KivI GKUv mgq n‡q
IV‡eb cÖwZôv‡bi ivR¯ Avni‡Yi gva¨g|
Z‡e wbðq mvsevw`KZvi bxwZ-ˆbwZKZvi
K_v fz‡j wM‡q bq| GKB e¨w³ A‡bK
KvR Ki‡eb, A‡bK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb,
ZvB †QvU n‡q Avm‡e evZ©vK‡¶i AvKvi|
Zvn‡j wK mvsevw`KZvq Kg© ms¯’v‡bi
my‡hvM K‡g hv‡e? welqwU G‡Kev‡iB Zv
bq e‡jB g‡b Ki‡Qb we‡klÁiv| KviY,
mvsevw`KZv Rv‡b Ggb e¨w³i Kv‡Ri
Pvwn`v MYgva¨‡gi evB‡iI _vK‡e| ZvB
mvsevw`KZv wk¶vi cÖwZôvb¸‡jv wk¶v_©x‡`i ˆZwi Ki‡eb Kb‡U›U
†cÖvwWDmvi wn‡m‡e, msev`gva¨‡gi Kg©x wn‡m‡e bq ïay|
†Kgb n‡e AvMvgxi evZ©vK‡¶i Kv‡Ri aib? KwgDwbwU Kb‡U›U
GwWU‡ii KvR n‡e cvVK-`k©K ev †kªvZv‡`i Pvwn`v we‡kølY Kiv Ges
Zv‡`i Rb¨ Kb‡U›U ˆZwi‡Z f‚wgKv ivLv| Gme Kb‡U‡›U _vK‡e Z_¨ I
msev`, Qwe, wfwWI Ges eøM| Avi Gme cY¨ ev AvB‡Ug gvby‡li Kv‡Q
†cuŠ‡Q †`qv ev Gi cÖfve m¤c‡K© aviYv wb‡Z cvU©bviwkc wb‡q KvR
Ki‡eb Kb‡U›U GwWUi|
Kb‡U›U †Kv‡Pi KvR wi‡cvU©vi‡`i mv‡_| Zv‡`i cwiPvjbv I
ZË¡veavb| Avi Av‡Q cwiKíbv hv‡Z cÖwZwU wi‡cvU©vi ev K¨v‡givcvimb
D”Pgv‡bi msev` cwi‡ekb K‡i cÖwZôvb‡K mg„× K‡ib| Gm‡ei g‡a¨
Av‡Q, fv‡jv AbymÜvbx cÖwZ‡e`b, e¨vL¨vg~jK cÖwZ‡e`b, †Wc_ wi‡cvU©,
fv‡jv Qwe, fv‡jv Dc¯’vcbv| cÖwZwU A¨vmvBb‡g›U †`qvi Av‡M Avi KvR
mgvwßi ci, Kb‡U›U †Kv‡Pi civgk© eo f‚wgKv ivL‡e|
Gb‡MR‡g›U GwWUi †h `k©K, cvVK ev †kªvZvi Rb¨ cÖwZôvb KvR
Ki‡Q, Zv‡`i Ici †Kgb cÖfve ivL‡Q Gme Kb‡U›U Zv wb‡q KvR
Ki‡eb| bRi ivL‡eb mvgvwRK gva¨‡gi w`‡K| GQvov evB‡i †_‡K
Avmv Kb‡U›U, †Kv‡bv welq wb‡q weZK© Zwi n‡j †mLv‡b cÖwZôv‡bi n‡q
f‚wgKv ivLv Zvi KvR| wewfbœ †kªwY-†ckvi gvby‡li m‡½ m¤cK© ivL‡Z
†Kv‡bv B‡f›U Av‡qvRb ev mvgvwRK gva¨‡g mwµq _vKvi KvRwUI Zvi|
AvMvgxi evZ©vK‡¶ †ewk mwµq f‚wgKv _vK‡e msev` mnKvix‡`i;
Zvi `vwqZ¡ g~jZ cÖwZwU msev` ev Ab¨ AvB‡Ug cwieZ©b-cwiea©b, bZzb
K‡i mvRv‡bv, wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© B‡f‡›U cÖwZôv‡bi msev` cwi‡ekbvq
we‡klZ¡ wbwðZ Kiv, †cÖm ev wbDR wiwjR ciL Kiv| Avi GLb †hme
KvR Ki‡Qb wi‡cvU©vi, d‡UvMÖvdvi ev K¨v‡givcvimb, evZ©v m¤cv`Kiv,
Zv †Zv _vK‡eB| Z‡e G‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB eo `vwqZ¡ n‡q DV‡e
KbRy¨gvi‡`i (AwW‡qÝ) mš‘ó Kiv| AvMvgxi msev`gva¨g A‡bK †ewk
evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ n‡e| nq‡Zv ZLbI bxwZ-ˆbwZKZv wb‡q
weZK© Pj‡Z _vK‡e|
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30
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‘…online conversations played an integral part in therevolutions that toppled governments in Egypt andTunisia. We find that conversations about liberty,democracy and revolution on Blogs and on Twitter oftenimmediately preceded mass protests (As cited in Haq,2014).’
2010 mv‡j wiIwW †Rwb‡ivÕi GK`j ew¯Íevmx GKUv MÖæc MVb K‡i
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K‡i| †bUIqvK©fz³ bvMwiK n‡”Q mvsevw`KZvi AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq
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IBme e¨w³‡K md&UIq¨v‡ii gva¨‡g †bUIqv‡K©i AvIZvq Avmvi Db¥y³
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I‡cb †mvm© mvsevw`KZv m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q Ò...it is now common-ly used to describe forms of innovative publishing ofonline journalism, rather than the sourcing of news sto-ries by a professional journalist.Ó wWwRUvj bvMwiKMY Gfv‡e
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Svenska Dagbladet AbjvB‡b bvMwiK‡`i D`&NvwUZ Z‡_¨i
gva¨‡g wg_w¯Œqv I AbymÜvbg~jK mvsevw`KZv PP©vi Rb¨
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†ewk (62 kZvsk) msev` MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q †iwLJUi gva¨‡g|
Gici i‡q‡Q UzBUvi (52 kZvsk) Ges †dmeyK (47 kZvsk)|
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KvD‡K Ave× Kiv hvq bv| GRb¨B W. iækIqv_© wKWvi e‡jb:‘Ethics is obedience to the unenforceable.Therefore, it is upto journalists themselves—notgovernments or outside authorities—to set thestandards for their profession (Butler, 2009).Õ|ˆbwZKZvi P¨v‡jÄ I weZK© KL‡bv †kl nevi bq| ZvB
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Z_¨m~Î
1. Butler, Patrick (Eds) (2009). Journalism Ethics:The Global Debate, Washington: The InternationalCenter for Journalists.
2. Habermas, Jürgen (1991). The StructuralTransformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiryinto a Category of Bourgeois Society, translated byThomas Burger with Frederick Lawrence.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
3. Haq, Fahmidul (2015). Online Journalism in theDeveloping World: the Case of Bangladesh inBrusila, Riitta; Juntti-Henriksson; Ann-Kristin &Vanhanen, Hannu (Eds.), Integrated Media inChange, Lapland University Press, Tampere.
4. Mitchell, Amy (2015). State of the News Media2015, Pew Research Center, [Online] Available athttp://www.journalism.org/2015/04/29/state-of-the-news-media-2015/ [11 September, 2015].
5. Owen, Laura Hazard (2015). “Behind every tweetis a story,” and journalists’ other advice for newjournalism students, Neiman Lab [online],Available at: http://www.niemanlab.org/ 2015/08/behind-every-tweet-is-a-story-and-journalists-other-advice-for-new-journalism-students/ [19August, 2015].
6. Online (2015, May). 80pc Bangladesh Internetusers on Facebook, available at: www.thedai-lystar.net [22 July, 2015).
7. Rosenstiel, Tom (2015). News as collaborativeintelligence: Correcting the myths about news inmyths-digital-age-rosenstiel/rosenstiel.pdf [23July, 2015].
8. Zubair Khan, Muhammad; Gilani, Dr. Ijaz Shafi;Nawaz, Dr. Allah (2012). From Habermas Modelto New Public Sphere: A Paradigm Shift, GlobalJournal of Human Social Science, Vol 12 Issue 5Version 1.0.
9. The digital age, Centre for Effective PublicManagement at Brookings, (Online), Availbale:http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2015/06/30-collaborative-intelligence-
†jLK: †WcywU GwWUi (†g‡Uªv), `¨ †WBwj ÷vi, cÖv³b cwiPvjK (M‡elYv I
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Email: [email protected]
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34
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g‡Zv K‡i MYgva¨g Av‡aq evQvB Kivi my‡hvM †bB, gZvgZ †`qviI
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†m¸‡jvi Z_¨ cÖPv‡ii cÖwµqv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb Ôcyk g‡WjÕ wn‡m‡e
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cvi‡Q e¨w³MZ I‡qemvBU ev eøM| wewfbœ I‡qemvBU †_‡K
e¨enviKvixiv Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx B‡”Q g‡Zv Av‡aq evQvB Ki‡Z
cvi‡Q| cÖKvwkZ †Kv‡bv msev` ev AwWI-wfwWI Gi c‡¶ ev wec‡¶
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wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk Ki‡Q| d‡j ÔB›Uvi‡bU‡K mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© GKwU
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Z_¨ RM‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡`i gZvgZ, wPšÍv, aviYv c„w_exe¨vcx
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cÖ‡qvRb‡K A‡b¨i mvg‡b Zz‡j aivi ga¨w`‡q wb‡R‡K ¶gZvwqZ Ki‡Z
cvi‡QÕ (Avjg, 2010)|
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KwgDwbwUi ZvwË¡K cøvUdg© ˆZwi K‡i †hLv‡b GKRb Av‡iKRb‡K bv
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c„w_exi wewfbœ cÖv‡šÍi gvbyl‡K cvi¯úwiK gZwewbgq I Z_¨ Av`vb-
cÖ v‡bi my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i †`q|
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g~javivi cÖPwjZ MYgva¨‡g D‡V Av‡m bv| Awf‡hvM i‡q‡Q, cwÎKv ev
wUwf P¨v‡b‡ji gvwjK‡`i GK‡PwUqv gybvdvjwMœ, ivR‰bwZK
c¶cvZ`yóZv, miKv‡ii wbqš¿Y, AvwacZ¨ †kªwYi ¯v_©i¶v, weÁvc‡bi
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NUbvi Mfx‡i jywK‡q _vKv Avmj NUbvwU cÖKvk Ki‡Z wØav‡eva K‡i|
ZvQvov g~javivi MYgva¨‡g mvaviY RbMY †Kej MÖnxZv ev †fv³v †kªwY|
wgwWqv hv †`q RbMY ïay Zv †bq| RbMY GLv‡b wbw®Œq| RbM‡Yi
wbR¯ gZ cÖKv‡ki †Kv‡bv my‡hvM GLv‡b Kg| GgbwK mbvZb
mvsevw`KZvq bvMwiK‡K we‡ePbv Kiv nq msev` c‡Y¨i †fv³v wn‡m‡e|
c‡iv¶fv‡e AwW‡q݇K wewµ Kiv nq weÁvcb`vZv‡`i Kv‡Q|
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me©e„nr †iwWI †÷kb Acv‡iUi wK¬qvi P¨v‡bj KwgDwb‡Kkbm
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nig¨vb I †bvqvg Pgw¯‹ Zv‡`i ÔcÖPviYv (cÖcvMvÛv) g‡W‡jÕ †`wL‡q‡Qb|
(nvig¨vb I Pgw¯‹, 2002)
B›Uvi‡bU I AbjvB‡bi Kj¨v‡Y Rb¥ †bIqv bvMwiK mvsevw`Kvq
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ˆZwii cÖwµqvwU cwiPvwjZ nq| msev` ˆZwii cÖwµqvq bvMwiKivI
AskMÖnY K‡i| GB ai‡bi mvsevw`KZvi Av‡aq Gi mªóv I †fv³v n‡jv
bvMwiK| GLv‡b bvMwiK‡K Rvbv‡bv g~j D‡Ïk¨ bq eis bvMwiK †_‡K
RvbvB n‡jv Avmj j¶¨| g~javivi MYgva¨‡gi wecix‡Z B›Uvi‡bU
wfwËK weKí avivi AmsL¨ gva¨g AvZ¥cÖKvk Ki‡Q| hv‡`i D‡Ïk¨
gybvdv AR©b ev cÖfvekvjxgn‡ji ¯v_©i¶v bq, eis weivRgvb mvgvwRK-
ivR‰bwZK w ’Zve ’v †f‡O mvgvwRK cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ KvR Kiv (nK,
2011)| weKí gva¨g¸‡jv gva¨g I AwW‡q‡Ýi g‡a¨ wg_w¯Œqvwbf©i
†hvMv‡hvM ’vcb K‡i| wewfbœ Bmy¨‡Z Av‡jvPbv-mgv‡jvPbv I gZvgZ
cÖ v‡bi my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i †`q| wmqvU‡j 1999 mv‡j wek¦ evwYR¨ ms¯’vi
m‡¤§jbwe‡ivax Av‡›`vjb †_‡K Rb¥ †bq me©cÖ_g weKí gva¨g-
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†dqvi, wgwWqv P¨v‡bj, Ki‡cv‡iUIqvP, IqvjgvU©IqvP, KvD›Uvi
Kv‡i›Um, gv`vi‡RvÝ BZ¨vw`i g‡Zv AmsL¨ weKí gva¨g| 2010 mv‡j
mvivwe‡k¦ Av‡jvob m„wó K‡i Dcw ’Z nq AZ¨šÍ kw³ai weKí gva¨g
Rywjqvb A¨v‡m‡Äi ÔDBwKwjKmÕ|
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Zv‡`i Awfe¨w³ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i| GiKg e¨w³MZ eøM †_‡K ïiæ K‡i
†ckvMZ, K‡icv‡iU GgbwK wgwWqvwfwËK I welqwfwËK
wewfbœ eøM ˆZwi n‡”Q mvBevi cwim‡i| eø‡Mi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ˆewkó¨ n‡jv,
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Kiv hvq| g~javivi MYgva¨‡g Avgiv hv cvB Zv cÖvq me †¶‡ÎB
m¤úvw`Z| bvbviKg KvUQuvU K‡i msev` Avgv‡`i mvg‡b nvwRi Kiv‡bv
nq| wKš‘ eø‡Mi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z nIqv Z_¨¸‡jv
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mvgvwRK I ivóªxq `vqe×Zv, `ybx©wZmn †h †Kv‡bv welq Aejxjvq cÖKvk
Kivi my‡hvM cv‡”Q eøwMs‡qi ga¨w`‡q|
2001 mv‡j hy³iv‡óª mš¿vmx nvgjvi ci †_‡K mvBevi cwim‡i
eø‡Mi msL¨v e¨vcK e„w× cvq| AvdMvb I BivK hy‡×i cwi‡cªw¶‡Z
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R‡g I‡V eøwMs‡qi ga¨ w`‡q| 2008 mv‡ji GK Rwi‡c †`Lv hvq,
eøMvi‡`i Av‡jvP¨ wel‡qi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q e¨w³MZ welqvejx/Rxebhvcb
(54%), GQvov i‡q‡Q cÖhyw³ (46%), msev` (42%), ivRbxwZ
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me©cÖ_g KjKvZvq evsjvq eø‡Mi cÖPjb ïiæ K‡ib myKb¨v I †`evkxl
bv‡gi `yÕRb evOvwj eøMvi (nK-2, 2011)| evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b evsjv
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B‡Zvg‡a¨ †ekwKQz evsjv eøM ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Ges †Rv‡i‡kv‡i Zv Pj‡Q|
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eøM D‡Øvab nq (nK-2, 2011)| GQvov, D‡jøL‡hvM¨ evsjv eøM¸‡jv
n‡jv cÖ_g Av‡jv eøM, wewW wbDR 24 WU Kg eøM, Avgvi eøM, gy³ eøM,
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wel‡q bvMwiKiv Zv‡`i e¨w³MZ Wv‡qwi ev eø‡M Av‡jvPbv-mgv‡jvPbv,
we‡kølY, gZvgZ cÖ vb I gšÍe¨ K‡i _v‡K|
2009 mv‡ji 25 †deªæqvwi msNwUZ wewWAvi we‡`ªv‡ni w`b
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5. nK-2, dvnwg yj (2011), Ôevsjv eøM KwgDwbwU: gZcÖKvk, fvP©yqvj
cÖwZ‡iva A_ev wew”Qbœ gvby‡li KwgDwbwU Movi ¶zavÕ, †hvMv‡hvM, msL¨v:
10, Rvbyqvwi| c„.- 151-177|
6. nvig¨vb, GWIqvW© Gm I Pgw¯‹, †bvqvg (2002), m¤§wZ Drcv`b:
MYgva¨‡gi ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZ (gvgyb, Av-Avj Ab~w`Z), XvKv: msnwZ|
c„.-78
7. bdnews24.com, December 24th, 2009, ‘Internet users rising 3pct a year’ 8. Bentley, Clyde, H (2008), ‘Citizen Journalism: Back to the Future?’, Discussion
paper prepared for the Carnegie?Knight Conference on the Future of Journalism,Cambridge, MA June 20?21, 2008.
9. Dominick, Joseph R. (2009-10th Edition) The Dynamics of Mass Communications,McGraw-Hill, Boston.
10. Kabir, FHM Humayan (2010), ‘Bangladesh starts online, multimedia journalismpractices’,
11. http://www.inwent-iij-lab.org/projects/2010/wordpress/2010/bangladesh-starts-online-multimedia-journalism-practices/
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gywReyi ingv‡bi bvwZ Kw¤úDUvi weÁvb
we‡klÁ mRxe Iqv‡R` Rq Zuvi †dmeyK
GKvD‡›U gv‡qi (cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv)
†cvjvI ivbœv Kivi Qwe Avc‡jvW
K‡iwQ‡jb| g~javivi msev`gva¨g †m Qwe
e¨envi K‡i msev` cwi‡ekb K‡i‡Q|
mvaviY bvg bv Rvbv gvby‡li aviY Kiv
wfwWI wPÎ KZ Acwinvh© msev` Dcv`vb
n‡Z cv‡i Zvi D`vniY n‡jv 2013 mv‡j
eªvþYevwoqv‡Z nIqv U‡b©‡Wvi wfwWI
wPÎwU| GLv‡bB bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi kw³ wbwnZ| U‡b©‡Wv
AvKw¯§K `y‡h©vM| Lye fvM¨evb bv n‡j Uª vwWkbvj †Kv‡bv
mvsevw`K U‡b©‡Wv ¯’‡j Dcw ’Z _vKvi K_v bq| G weij
dz‡UR msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib U‡b©‡Wv ’‡j Dcw ’Z †Kv‡bv
bvMwiK mvsevw`K|
bvMwiK mvsevw`K †hgb g~javivi Kb‡fbkbvj msev`
gva¨‡g Kb‡U›U mieivn Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †Zgwb wbR¯ cwim‡i
cÖhyw³i mnvqZvq Ask wb‡Z cv‡ib MY‡hvMv‡hv‡M| †hgb
†KD hw` cvwicvwk¦©K †Kv‡bv msKU ev mgm¨v wb‡q Zvi wbR¯
eøM ev AbjvBb †dviv‡g †j‡L Zvn‡jI Zv n‡e bvMwiK
mvsevw`KZv| g~javivi msev`gva¨‡g cÖKvwkZ †Kv‡bv msev`
ev AvwU©‡K‡j †Kv‡bv cwimsL¨vbMZ fzj ev cÿcvZ yóZv wb‡q
†Kv‡bv bvMwiK Zvi eø‡M †jLv‡jwL Ki‡j †mwUI n‡e bvMwiK
mvsevw`KZv| gvbyl‡K Rvbv‡bv `iKvi Ggb †Kv‡bv NUbvi
Qwe Zz‡j ev wfwWI K‡i AbjvB‡b †cv÷ K‡i †mvm¨vj
wgwWqvi hy‡M †h †KD bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
†dmeyK ev BDwUD‡ei g‡Zv †mvm¨vj wgwWqvi Kj¨v‡Y bvMwiK
mvsevw`KZv n‡q D‡V‡Q mnR I Awbevh© ev ÍeZv|
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi wKQz D`vniY
Kb‡fbkb¨vj mvsevw`KZvq evZ©vMÖvnK A_©vr AwW‡qÝ _v‡K
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi †kl cÖv‡šÍ| A_©vr AwW‡qÝ GLv‡b wbw®Œq| GB
wbw®Œq AwW‡qÝ mwµq n‡q wb‡R‡K cÖKvk K‡i GKRb
bvMwiK mvsevw`K wn‡m‡e|
AvR‡Ki wWwRUvj cÖhyw³i hy‡M GKRb bvMwi‡Ki
mvsevw`KZv cÖwµqvq AskMÖnY hZ mnR c~‡e© ZZ wQj bv|
†mB GbvjM hy‡MI A‡b‡K Amva¨ mvab K‡i‡Qb| †hgb,
Aveªvnvg RvciæWvi gvwK©b †cÖwm‡W›U Rb Gd †K‡bwWÕ‡K
nZ¨vi „k¨ mvaviY GKwU †nvggywf K¨v‡givq ew›` K‡i
BwZnv‡m bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi RbK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ n‡q
Av‡Qb|
XvKvi A`~‡i mvfv‡i ivbv cøvRv weaŸ Í nIqvi NUbv evsjv‡`k
†Zv e‡UB, cy‡iv we‡k¦ Av‡jvob m„wó K‡iwQj| GKwU feb
a‡m GZ gvby‡li g„Zz¨i NUbv BwZnv‡m Av‡iKwU cvIqv y®‹i|
†`wk-we‡`wk Uª vwWkbvj wgwWqv w`‡bi ci w`b ivbv cøvRvi
NUbvq Lei cÖPvi K‡i‡Q| NUbv NUvi eû c‡i g~javivi
msev`gva¨g †mLv‡b †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| wKš‘ †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj¸‡jv
GKUv dz‡UR cÖ_g †_‡KB Lye e¨envi K‡i‡Q; †hLv‡b †`Lv
hvq, AvZ¼MÖ Í kÖwgKiv Qz‡UvQzwU Ki‡Q, AvZ©bv` †f‡m
AvmwQj †mB KuvcvKuvcv dz‡UR †_‡K| GB gnvg~j¨evb dz‡UR
XvKvÕi †Kv‡bv ZviKv mvsevw`K aviY K‡ibwb| aviY
K‡iwQ‡jb Avgv‡`i kxY©Kvq, Rxebhy‡× RR©wiZ †Kv‡bv kÖwgK
fvB ev †evb|
e„nr cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvq bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv
KZLvwb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i Zvi D`vniY 2004 mv‡j
mvMiZ‡j 9.1 gvÎvi f~wgK‡¤ú m„ó mybvwg, hvi AvNv‡Z
B‡›`v‡bwkqvi ev›`v Av‡Pn& Ges fviZxq gnvmvM‡ii we¯ÍxY©
DcK~jxq GjvKv AvµvšÍ n‡qwQj| g~javivi MYgva¨g mybvwgi
msev` Kfvi Kivi Av‡MB mybvwg weaŸ¯Í GjvKvi †jvKRb
wb‡R‡`i †gvevBj †dvb, K¨v‡giv w`‡q Qwe Zz‡j wfwWI K‡i
eY©bvmn wewfbœ fvP©yqvj †bUIqv‡K© †kqvi K‡i‡Q hv g~javivi
msev`gva¨‡gi cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ ‘Z I cÖKv‡ki cÖavb Aej¤b n‡q
D‡VwQj|
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv‡K A‡b‡K eyw×e„Ëxq Av‡›`vj‡b
iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i‡Qb; †hLv‡b wew”Qbœfv‡e bq, mgv‡Ri mgm¨v I
m¤¢vebvmg~n D‡V G‡m‡Q avivevwnK I Aweivg MwZ‡Z| †hgb,
wgkixq bvMwiK Iqv‡qj AveŸvm| Misr Digital (DigitalEgypt) A_©vr wWwRUvj wgki bv‡g GKwU eøM cwiPvjbv
K‡ib| mgv‡Ri bvbv mgm¨v wZwb Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb Qwe I eY©bvi
gva¨‡g| †ckv`vi mvsevw`K bv n‡qI wR‡Z wb‡q‡Qb cyi¯‹vi|
AvB‡bi kvmb cÖwZôvq wZwb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L P‡j‡Qb|
`yB cywjk Kg©KZ©v KZ©„K GK evm WªvBfvi‡K †cUv‡bvi GK
NUbvi wPÎ aviY K‡i Rbm¤§y‡L wb‡q G‡m Zv‡`i wePv‡ii
wbix¶v
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi aviYv mvsevw`KZvi
Kb‡fbkb¨vj a¨vb-aviYv I PP©vq cwieZ©b Avb‡Q|
GKwU msev` cÖwZôv‡b GLb ïay †ckv`vi
mvsevw`Kiv KvR Ki‡eb, GgbUv bvI n‡Z cv‡i|
eis wekvj msL¨K A‡ckv`vi ev bvMwiK mvsevw`K
n‡q †h‡Z cv‡ib H msev` cÖwZôv‡bi g~j ˆewkó¨
39
m¤§yLxb K‡iwQ‡jb Iqv‡qj AveŸvm| Avgv‡`i hvwcZ Rxe‡bi cÖvq
cÖwZwU `vdZwiK AwfÁZvq bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv Kv‡R Avm‡Z cv‡i|
miKvwi-†emiKvwi Awd‡m `yb©xwZ, Ae¨e ’vcbv, `ye© envi, Lv‡`¨
digvwjb †gkv‡bv BZ¨vw` bvbv Aciva Avgv‡`i †Pv‡Li mvg‡bB msNwUZ
nq| Avgiv hw` wb‡R‡`i †gvevBj †dvb‡K †KŠk‡j e¨envi Ki‡Z wkwL,
iv¯ÍvNv‡U, miKvwi-†emiKvwi `dZ‡i `ybx©wZevR‡`i Aciva
msNUbKvjxb wfwWI aviY Kiv ïiæ Kwi, Avi †mBme wfwWI dz‡UR, Qwe
hw` †mvm¨vj wgwWqv wKsev g~javivi †Kv‡bv msev`gva¨‡g duvm K‡i †`qv
hvq, Zvn‡j Kx iKg n‡e †f‡e †`Lyb!
gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi wbDBq‡K© 2001 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤i gv‡m Iqvì© †UªW
†m›Uv‡i fqven mš¿vmx nvgjvi NUbvi A‡bK msev` cÖwZ‡e`‡b Qwe,
eY©bv mieivn K‡i‡Qb A‡bK bvMwiK mvsevw`K|
mv¤úªwZKKv‡j Avie we‡k¦ wewfbœ †`‡k miKviwe‡ivax
Rbwe‡ÿv‡fi Lei g~javivi msev`gva¨‡g †ek ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡i G‡m‡Q|
Ggwb‡Z g~javivi MYgva¨g bvbv wel‡q G‡RÛv †mU K‡i _v‡K| Avie
we‡k¦ miKvi we‡ivax MYAv‡›`vj‡bi †ÿ‡Î NUbv N‡U‡Q D‡ëv| A_©vr
g~javivi msev`gva¨‡gi wb‡R‡`i G‡RÛv‡KB cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q mvaviY
gvby‡li mvBevi ZrciZv| Av‡›`vjbKvix ZiæY-ZiæYxmn bvbv eqm I
†ckvi gvby‡liv wewfbœ †mvm¨vj wgwWqv‡Z GZ †ewk †jLv‡jwL K‡i‡Qb
†h, g~javivi MYgva¨‡g msev` welq evQvB‡q Zxeª cÖfve †d‡j‡Q| Lei
msMÖn I cwi‡ek‡b †ckv`vi Ges bvMwiK mvsevw`Kiv c_ P‡j‡Qb
GKmv‡_; G‡K Ac‡ii Ici wbf©i K‡i‡Qb, KvR K‡i‡Qb G‡K Ac‡ii
cwic~iK wn‡m‡e|
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi aviYv mvsevw`KZvi Kb‡fbkb¨vj a¨vb-
aviYv I PP©vq cwieZ©b Avb‡Q| GKwU msev` cÖwZôv‡b GLb ïay
†ckv`vi mvsevw`Kiv KvR Ki‡eb, GgbUv bvI n‡Z cv‡i| eis wekvj
msL¨K A‡ckv`vi ev bvMwiK mvsevw`K n‡q †h‡Z cv‡ib H msev`
cÖwZôv‡bi g~j ˆewkó¨| GgbB GKwU msev` cÖwZôvb n‡jv `wÿY
†Kvwiqvi Oh My News (In& gvB wbDR)| AbjvBbwfwËK G
cÖwZôv‡bi `k©b n‡”Q ‘Every citizen is a reporter’, A_©vr cÖ‡Z¨K
bvMwiKB GKRb wi‡cvU©vi| cÖwZôvbwUi 40R‡bi g‡Zv Kb‡fbkb¨vj
mvsevw`K i‡q‡Qb hviv †gvU †jLv‡jwLi 20 kZvsk K‡i _v‡Kb| evwK
80 kZvsk Kb‡U›U Av‡m wd«j¨vÝ cÖ vqK‡`i KvQ †_‡K, hv‡`i †ewki
fvMB mvaviY bvMwiK| G cÖwZôvbwUi eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 50,000 cÖ vqK
cÖwZ‡e`K i‡q‡Qb, huviv `wÿY †Kvwiqvi MYZvwš¿K ivRbxwZ PP©vi
cÖwµqvq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb ivL‡Qb|
bv Rvbvi d‡j A‡b‡KB Ab¨ K‡qKwU aviYvi m‡½ bvMwiK
mvsevw`KZv‡K ¸wj‡q †d‡jb| KwgDwbwU Rvb©vwjRg ev wmwfK (Civic)
Rvb©vwjRg, †Kvjv‡ev‡iwUf Rvb©vwjRg A_ev †mvm¨vj Rvb©vwjR‡g
Kb‡mÞ¸‡jv wb‡q Ab¨ †jLvq Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|
mskqmg~n: MYgbyl‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i Z_¨ wecø‡ei m¤¢vebv Amxg|
Z‡e h‡_ó mveavbZv Aej¤b bv Ki‡j wn‡ZwecixZ n‡Z cv‡i|
g~javivi msev`gva¨‡gi mvsevw`KZv PP©vq †h kãwU mvsevw`K I `k©K-
†kÖvZvi g‡b evievi NyicvK Lvq †mwU n‡jv e¯‘wbôZv| bvMwiK
mvsevw`KZvi BwZevPK m¤¢vebvi wecix‡Z †h AvksKv †cvlY Kiv nq,
†mwU e ‘wbôZv‡K wN‡i| g~javivi mvsevw`K I MYgva¨g ZvwË¡K ej‡Z
Pvb †h, GKgvÎ cÖwkÿYcÖvß †ckv`vi mvsevw`KivB Ôe ‘wbôfv‡eÕ
mvsevw`KZv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G mskq LyeB ¯vfvweK| Z‡e g~javivi
mvsevw`KivB KZUzKz e¯‘wbôZv eRvq †i‡L mvsevw`KZv K‡ib Zv wb‡qI
cÖkœ †Zvjv m¤¢e| †ckv`vwiZ¡ Avi e¯‘wbôZv GK welq bq|
†ckv`vwi‡Z¡i `ÿZvq Avgiv †`wL cwðgv A‡bK msev` gva¨g Zv‡`i
wbR¯ A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK ¯v‡_©i AbyK~‡j wek¦ msev` I
Z_¨cÖevn‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i P‡j‡Qb| cwðg cÖwZwbqZ c~e©‡K wewbg©vY K‡i
P‡j‡Q| GK‡c‡k I weK…Z ev ÍeZv Dc¯’vc‡bi e`bvg g~javivi
msev`gva¨‡gi eûw`‡bi|
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvq msev` cÖwZ‡e`‡bi ¸Yv¸Y wb‡qI A‡bK
mgv‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q| kã I fvlvi e¨envi A‡bK †ÿ‡Î `ye©j n‡q _v‡K|
†Kvb welq wb‡q cÖwZ‡e`b n‡Z cv‡i, †KvbUvi †Kvb msev`g~j¨ †bB,
GUv †evSvi mvg_© bvMwiK mvsevw`K‡`i AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î †bB e‡j
mgv‡jvPbv Av‡Q| Digital Journalist bv‡gi GKwU I‡qe g¨vMvwR‡bi
m¤úv`Kxq‡Z bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi `ye©j w`K¸‡jv Zz‡j a‡i ÔbvMwiK
mvsevw`KÕ kã hyM‡ji RvqMvq bvMwiK msev` msMÖvnK ev CitizenNews Gatherer e¨env‡ii civgk© †`qv n‡q‡Q|
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvq AvBwb RwUjZv †gvKv‡ejvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K
†ewk e‡j wewfbœ cÿ †_‡K ejv n‡q‡Q| wbDBqK© wmwUi wjwU‡MUi
GWIqvW© wMÖbevM© e‡j‡Qb, †ckv`vi mvsevw`K‡`i Av`vjZ msµvšÍ SuywK
†gvKv‡ejvi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K| cÖwZwU mf¨ iv‡óª Ggb wKQz AvBb
_v‡K, †hLv‡b mvsevw`K‡`i wbivcËv I Z_¨m~Î †Mvcb ivLvi AwaKvi
msiÿY Kiv nq| G myweav ïaygvÎ †ckv`vi ¯xK…Z cÖwZôv‡bi
mvsevw`KivB †c‡q _v‡Kb|
cwi‡kl: g~javivi mvsevw`KZvi nvRviUv `ye©jZv, mgv‡jvPbv Kiv
hvq, Av‡QI| kZfvM e¯‘wbôZv I †ckv`vwiZ¡ wb‡q g~javivi
msev`gva¨‡g KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î cÖgvYmn ejv hv‡e,
B‡”Q K‡iB g~javivi msev`gva¨g †ckv`vwi‡Z¡i †gvo‡K cÿcvZ`yó
mvsevw`KZv K‡i| mvsevw`‡Ki wbR¯ `„wófw½, msev` cÖwZôv‡bi
A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK cwjwm, miKvwi bvbv Pvc, Ki‡cv‡iU ¯v_©
BZ¨vw` bvbvgyLx Amvsevw`Kxq Dcv`v‡b msev` Zvi g~j¨ nvivq| d‡j,
mvsevw`KZvi Am¤¢e‡K m¤¢e Kivi kw³‡K `vwe‡q ivLvi †Kv‡bv c_
†bB| bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi Awbevh© kw³‡K Dcjwä K‡i g~javivi
mvsevw`K, MYgva¨‡gi KZ©ve¨w³iv hZ †ewk bvMwiK‡`i mvsevw`KZv
cÖwµqvq m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ZZ †ewkB msev`gva¨g n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i
mgv‡Ri Avmj `c©Y|
†jLK: mnKvix Aa¨vcK, Rvb©vwjRg A¨vÛ wgwWqv ÷vwWR wefvM,
Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq
40
wcAvBweÕi cÖKvkbv
†hvMv‡hvM
cÖKvkbv I wdPvi wefvM
evsjv‡`k †cÖm Bbw÷wUDU
3 mvwK©U nvDm †ivW
XvKv-1000
wbix¶v
cÖ e Ü
. .
hy×vcivax‡`i wePv‡ii `vwe‡Z ivRc‡_ Av‡›`vjb n‡”Q| mvaviY gvbyl
Av‡›`vj‡bi ZvRv Lei I Qwe ZvrÿwYKfv‡e Qwo‡q w`‡”Q †dmeyK-eø‡M|
wfwWI Avc‡jvW Ki‡Q BDwUD‡e| Gme m~Î †_‡K Zver ywbqv NUbvi
Av‡`¨vcvšÍ Rvb‡Z cvi‡Q| mgvR, ivóª wKsev AvšÍR©vwZK cwigЇj Gme
LeivLei mvov †dj‡Q| GgbwK IB Lei, Qwe, wfwWI AbymiY K‡i Av‡aq
mvRv‡”Q g~javivi MYgva¨g| G †Zv †Mj GKwU NUbv| GiKg eû NUbvi
bwRi Avgv‡`i †`‡kB Av‡Q| Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i weKvk-we Ív‡ii
m‡½ m‡½ mvsevw`KZvq bvMwiK‡`i AskMÖnY evo‡Q| g~javivi MYgva¨‡gi
evB‡i mvaviY gvby‡li mwµq AskMÖn‡Y Z_¨ msMÖn, cÖwµqvKiY I Zv
41
cÖPv‡ii RbwcÖq GB avivwU ÔbvMwiK mvsevw`KZvÕ ev ÔwmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRgÕ
bv‡g cwiwPZ|
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv Avm‡j Kx?
Ômvsevw`KZvÕ wb‡q mbvZb fvebv n‡jv GwU GKwU ¯Zš¿ I we‡klvwqZ
†ckv| GB †ckvi PP©v GKUv cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g P‡j| PvB‡jB †h †KD
mvsevw`KZv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Avi mvsevw`KZv Kivi Rb¨ PvB ¯xK…Z
MYgva¨g cÖwZôvb|
wKš‘ bv| wek¦ A‡bK `~i GwM‡q †M‡Q| AKíbxqfv‡e GwM‡q‡Q Z_¨ I
†hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³| GB myev‡` ixwZg‡Zv e`‡j †M‡Q mvsevw`KZvi msÁv I
aib| GLb mevB wjL‡Z cv‡i| Qwe cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i| cv‡i wfwWI cÖPvi
Ki‡Z| Z‡e Zvi Rb¨ nv‡Z _vKv PvB Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³| G cÖm‡½
wbD wgwWqv I wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjR‡gi L¨vwZgvb we‡klÁ W¨vb wMj‡gv‡ii
e³e¨ ¯§iY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i: wZwb e‡j‡Qb, Kw¤úDUvi I B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM
_vK‡j †h †KD mvsevw`K e‡b †h‡Z cv‡ib (Gillmor, 2004)|
†ckv`vwi mvsevw`KZvi evB‡i mvaviY gvby‡li GB ¯^Ztù~Z©
mvsevw`KZv‡K bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv e‡j| eZ©gvb mg‡qi eûj Av‡jvwPZ
GB aviYvwU‡K bvbv bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq| †hgb: ÔcvewjK Rvb©vwjRgÕ,
ÔcvwU©wm‡cUwi Rvb©vwjRgÕ, Ô†W‡gv‡µwUK Rvb©vwjRgÕ, Ô†Mwijv Rvb©vwjRgÕ,
w÷ªU Rvb©vwjRgÕ, ÔI‡cb †mvm© Rvb©vwjRgÕ cÖf…wZ| bvg hv-B †nvK, g~j
aviYv ev KvR GKB| bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv n‡jvÑÔAe `¨ wccj, evB `¨
wccj, A¨vR I‡qj A¨vR di `¨ wccjÕ (Kolodzy, 2006)| A_©vr
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv n‡jv RbM‡Yi mvsevw`KZv|
mg‡qi weeZ©‡b cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q ¯úó n‡q‡Q,
cÖ_vMZ MYgva¨g mywbw ©ó ÔivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZÕ
Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq| GLv‡b Av‡Q wbqš¿Y, Av‡Q
Ô†mjd-†mÝiÕ| Gme Kvi‡Y cÖ_vMZ MYgva¨g
wb‡q bvMwiK‡`i g‡a¨ PvIqv-cvIqvi NvUwZ
evo‡Z _v‡K| evo‡Z _v‡K nZvkv| Ggb
†cÖÿvc‡U bvMwiK‡`i g‡a¨ nv‡Z Kjg Zz‡j
†bIqvi Abyf~wZ †Rviv‡jv nq
wWwRUvj evsjv‡`‡k
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv
m¤¢vebv I ksKv
mvBdzj mvwgb
we‡klÁiv wbR wbR `„wó‡KvY †_‡K bvMwiK
mvsevw`KZv‡K msÁvwqZ Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| †kBb †evg¨vb I
wµm DBwj‡mi fvl¨, bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvq msev` I Z_¨
msMÖn, cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi, we‡kølY Ges Zv cÖPv‡ii cÖwµqvq
bvMwi‡Kiv mwµq f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib (Bowman & Willis,2003)|
Rqwm wb‡ci g‡Z, bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv‡K GKwU cÖwµqv
wn‡m‡e msÁvwqZ Kiv hvq, †hLv‡b Av‡aq msMÖn, Drcv`b I
cÖPv‡ii cy‡iv `vwqZ¡¡ mvaviY gvbyl cvjb K‡ib (Nip, 2010)|
g~javivi MYgva¨‡gi evB‡i msev` msMÖn, cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi
I cÖPv‡ii GKwU weKí aib wn‡m‡e bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv‡K
†`‡L‡Qb †KvU©wb wm. ivWm (Radsch, 2013)|
wbDBqK© BDwbfvwm©wUi Aa¨vcK I bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi
we‡klÁ †R †iv‡Rb e‡jb, Av‡MKvi w`‡b AwW‡qÝ bv‡g
cwiwPZ gvby‡liv hLb G‡K Ab¨‡K Z_¨ Rvbv‡Z wb‡R‡`i
wbqš¿‡Y _vKv mvsevw`KZvi cÖhyw³ Kv‡R jvMvq, ZLb Zv‡K
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv e‡j (Rosen,2008)|
†Kb G bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv?
cÖ_vMZ mvsevw`KZvi e¨vcK we Ívi I
cÖfv‡ei ciI †Kb bvMwiK‡`i
mvsevw`KZvq bvg‡Z n‡jvÑGB cÖkœ g‡b
RvM‡ZB cv‡i| cÖ‡kœi DËi Lyu‡R‡Qb
we‡klÁiv|
ivWm g‡b K‡ib, A‡bK †ÿ‡Î
†ckv`vi mvsevw`KZvi `ye©jZv I NvUwZi
cÖwZwµqv wn‡m‡e bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi
m~ÎcvZ N‡U‡Q|
ivW‡mi Ggb ch©‡eÿY AviI
†Rviv‡jv nq, hLb wZwb e‡jb,
mvsevw`KZvi †gŠwjK welq¸‡jv GKB
n‡jI bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv wfbœ D‡Ïk¨ I
Av`k© Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq (Radsch,2013)|
†evg¨vb I DBwj‡mi fvl¨, MYZ‡š¿i
cÖ‡qvR‡b ¯vaxb, wbi‡cÿ, wbf©i‡hvM¨,
e ‘wbô, e¨vcKwfwËK I cÖvmw½K Z_¨ mieivn Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨B
bvMwi‡Kiv mvsevw`KZvq Ask †bb (Bowman & Willis,2003)|
MYgvby‡li KÉ wn‡m‡e KvR Kivi cÖwZkÖæwZ‡K mvg‡b
†i‡L cÖ_vMZ msev`gva¨g KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| wKš‘ hy‡M hy‡M
bvMwi‡Kiv jÿ¨ K‡i Avm‡Q, GB MYgva¨g Zv‡`i cwic~Y©
cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i bv| miKvwi ev †emiKvwiÑg~javivi MYgva¨g
†Kv_vq †hb AvU‡K Av‡Q| †Kv_vq †hb evav, Abxnv|
mg‡qi weeZ©‡b cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q ¯úó n‡q‡Q, cÖ_vMZ
MYgva¨g mywbw`©ó ÔivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZÕ Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq|
GLv‡b Av‡Q wbqš¿Y, Av‡Q Ô†mjd-†mÝiÕ| Gme Kvi‡Y
cÖ_vMZ MYgva¨g wb‡q bvMwiK‡`i g‡a¨ PvIqv-cvIqvi NvUwZ
evo‡Z _v‡K| evo‡Z _v‡K nZvkv| Ggb †cÖÿvc‡U bvMwiK‡`i
g‡a¨ nv‡Z Kjg Zz‡j †bIqvi Abyf~wZ †Rviv‡jv nq| gy ªYhy‡M
bvbv Kvi‡Y †mB my‡hvM wQj mxwgZ| wKš‘ Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM
cÖhyw³ bvbv m¤¢vebvi Acvi `yqvi Ly‡j †`q| my¯úó K‡i ej‡j,
B›Uvi‡bU bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv‡K mnR K‡i w`‡q‡Q, cÖwZwôZ
K‡i‡Q| mvaviY gvby‡li nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡q‡Q Kjg, mvsevw`KZvi
kw³|
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi BwZe„Ë
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi aviYvwU nv‡j e¨vcKfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ
n‡jI GB avivi PP©v eû Av‡MB jÿ Kiv hvq| gy ªYhy‡M
A‡ckv`vi †jL‡Kiv e¨w³MZ D‡`¨v‡M euvavBnxb cyw ÍKvi
(pamphlet/brochure) gva¨‡g Z_¨ I gZvgZ cÖKvk
Ki‡Zb| GKvR wQj mgqmv‡cÿ I e¨qeûj| ZvQvov, Lye
†ewk gvby‡li Kv‡Q Z_¨ †cŠuQv‡bvI m¤¢e n‡Zv bv| bvbv
mxgve×Zvi IB c`‡ÿcB wQj g~jZ bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi
cÖv_wgK ch©vq|
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv we‡kl‡Ái g‡Z, BD‡ivc I Av‡gwiKvq
euvavBnxb cyw¯ÍKvi gva¨‡g 17 I 18 kZ‡K bvMwiK
mvsevw`KZvi D‡b¥l N‡U (Gillmor, 2006; Allan &Thorson, 2009)| 21 kZ‡K G‡m Zv we¯§qKifv‡e we Ívi
jvf K‡i|
Kv‡ji cÖev‡n cÖ_vMZ mvsevw`KZv weewZ©Z n‡q‡Q|
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi †ÿ‡ÎI weeZ©b jÿ¨Yxq| bvMwiK
mvsevw`KZv weKv‡ki me evav PzwK‡q w`‡q‡Q B›Uvi‡bU| Ny‡P
†M‡Q mgq I ’vbMZ `~iZ¡| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui Kj¨v‡Y wek¦ GLb
gvby‡li c‡K‡U| †m‡K‡Ûi g‡a¨ Z_¨ Qwo‡q hv‡”Q mvivwe‡k¦|
KvbvWxq MYgva¨gwPšÍK gvk©vj g¨vKjynvb GK ˆecøweK
cÖhyw³i K_v e‡jwQ‡jb| Ôwek¦MÖvgÕ aviYvi ¯cœ †`wL‡qwQ‡jb
wZwb (McLuhan, 1964)| Awek¦vm¨fv‡e AvR Ôg¨vKjynvbÕ
m‡Z¨ cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| GB †hvMv‡hvMwe‡`i ¯cœ‡K ev Íe iƒc
w`‡q‡Q B›Uvi‡bU|
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui Av‡Q MwZ, Av‡Q we Ív‡ii AKíbxq ÿgZv|
wek¦‡K GKUv AšÍR©v‡j †eu‡a †djvi GB cÖhyw³i LiPI Kg|
me wgwj‡q wek¦ GKUv †QvÆ gnjøvq cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| GB gnjøvi
evwm›`viv ci¯úi‡K †P‡b-Rv‡b, mve©ÿwYK ci¯ú‡ii m‡½
g‡bi fve Av`vb-cÖ vb K‡i|
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui DrcwËi g~j LyuR‡Z wd‡i ZvKv‡Z n‡e 20
kZ‡Ki lv‡Ui `k‡K| IB mgq †ekwKQz `„k¨gvb M‡elYv jÿ¨
Kiv hvq| D‡jøL Kivi g‡Zv NUbv N‡U 1969 mv‡j| gvwK©b
cÖwZiÿv `߇i PviwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mgš‡q cixÿvg~jKfv‡e
GKwU †bUIqvK© M‡o †Zvjv nq| †bUIqvK©wU ÔAvicv‡bUÕ
(ARPANET) bv‡g cwiwPZ|
mˇii `k‡K Avicv‡bU AviI weKwkZ n‡q B›Uvi‡b‡U
iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| B‡Zvg‡a¨ e¨w³MZ Kw¤úDUvi Avm‡Z _v‡K|
Rvcv‡b cÖ_g evwYwR¨K †mjyjvi †bUIqvK© hvÎv ïiæ K‡i|
1982 mv‡j UvBg mvgwqKx Kw¤úDUvi‡K Ô†gwkb Ae `¨
BqviÕ †NvlYv K‡i| c‡ii eQi Avicv‡bU I Ab¨ Kw¤úDUvi
†bUIqv‡K©i Av`k© cÖ‡UvKj wn‡m‡e wUwmwc I AvBwc M„nxZ nq|
GKB eQi j¨vcUc Kw¤úDUvi Av‡m| Gmgq B›Uvi‡b‡Ui
wbix¶v
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi bv‡g A‡bK mgq mwnsmZv, eY©ev`, DMÖev`,
†hŠbZv, mv¤úª vwqKZv Dm‡K †`qv nq| GB ai‡bi AcPP©v mgvR
I mf¨Zvi Rb¨ gvivZ¥K cwiYwZ †W‡K Avb‡Z cv‡i|
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv‡K me‡P‡q MYZvwš¿K ejv n‡jI Zviv me
†kÖwY-†ckvi gvby‡li Kɯi n‡q DV‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| cvi‡Qb bv
mevB‡K Uvb‡Z
42
†W‡gBb †bBg wm‡÷g (wWGbGm) cÖwZwôZ nq| 1987 mv‡j hy³iv‡óªi
b¨vkbvj mvBÝ dvD‡Ûkb (GbGmGd) cÖ_g D”PMwZi B›Uvi‡bU
e¨vK‡evb ˆZwi K‡i|
1991 mv‡j Iqvì©IqvBW I‡qe (WorldWideWeb-WWW)
cÖKí cÖKvwkZ nq| 1993 mv‡j B›Uvi‡bU‡K evwYwR¨K Kv‡R Db¥y³ K‡i
†`Iqv nq (Naughton, 2000)|
1994 mv‡j hy³iv‡óªi †cbwmjfvwbqvi †mvqv_©‡gvi K‡j‡Ri QvÎ
Rvw÷b wnj cÖ_g eøM ˆZwi K‡ib| Zuvi mgmvgwqK Av‡iK eøMvi †Rwi
cyi‡bj|
1995 mv‡j †dWv‡ij †bUIqvwK©s KvDwÝj me©m¤§Zfv‡e
ÔB›Uvi‡bUÕ cÖZ¨qwU‡K msÁvwqZ K‡i GKwU cÖ Íve cvm K‡i| G eQ‡ii
19 GwcÖj hy³iv‡óªi IKjv‡nvgv wmwU‡Z †evgv nvgjv nq| IB NUbvi
ZvrÿwYK Z_¨ †c‡Z gvbyl B›Uvi‡b‡U †PvL iv‡L|
1997 mv‡j GK cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv nq, hy³ivóª I KvbvWvq B›Uvi‡bU
e¨enviKvixi msL¨v 50 wgwjq‡biI †ewk|
1997 mv‡ji 17 wW‡m¤^i Rb© evR©vi cÖ_g ÔI‡qeeøMÕ
(Webblog) kãeÜ e¨envi K‡ib| 1999 mv‡j GB kãeÜwU‡K
mswÿß K‡i ÔeøMÕ (blog) bvg †`b wcUvi †gi‡nvjR| Gici ax‡i ax‡i
RbwcÖq n‡q I‡V eøM I eøwMs| mvBevi cwim‡i Avm‡Z _v‡K e¨w³MZ,
mvgvwRK, cÖwZôvwbKmn bvbv ai‡bi eøM| wek¦Ry‡o M‡o I‡V mywekvj
eøM-KwgDwbwU|
g~jZ beŸB‡qi `k‡K B›Uvi‡b‡Ui bvUKxq AMÖMwZ nq| GB
AMÖMwZ e¨w³, cÖwZôvb, mgvR, ivRbxwZ, A_©bxwZmn me‡ÿ·K
`viæYfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i| GB mg‡q we‡kl K‡i, cÖ_vMZ mvsevw`KZvq
eo ai‡bi cwieZ©b Av‡m| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui Kj¨v‡Y GB `k‡Ki †k‡li
A‡a©K mg‡q wek¦Ry‡o AbjvBb MYgva¨‡gi e¨vcK weKvk I we Ívi N‡U|
Gic‡ii BwZnvm Avgv‡`i †Pv‡Li mvg‡bB iwPZ n‡q‡Q| gvby‡li
†gŠwjK AwaKv‡i cwiYZ n‡q‡Q B›Uvi‡bU|
2001 mv‡ji 11 †m‡Þ¤i (9/11) hy³iv‡óª mš¿vmx nvgjv nq| IB
nvgjvi †cÖÿvc‡U AbjvBb I bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv GKUv bZzb gvÎv
cvq| cÖZ¨ÿ`k©x wKsev fz³‡fvMxi KvQ †_‡K NUbvi weeiY, Qwe I
wfwWI cvIqvi e¨vcv‡i gvby‡li g‡a¨ AvMÖn †e‡o hvq| 2003 mv‡ji
BivK hy‡×i mgq GB Pvwn`v AviI ev‡o| KviY, ZLb g~javivi cwðgv
MYgva¨‡gi Ici gvbyl GK`gB Av ’v ivL‡Z cviwQj bv|
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i Afvebxq AMÖMwZi avivevwnKZvq 2004
mv‡j cÖwZwôZ nq mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨g †dmeyK| †dmey‡Ki
RbwcÖqZv GLb Zz‡½| 2015 mv‡ji Z…Zxq cÖvwšÍ‡K cÖKvwkZ Z_¨
Abyhvqx, gvwmK †dmeyK e¨enviKvixi msL¨v 155 †KvwUi †ewk| Gi
g‡a¨ ïay †gvevBj †dv‡b †dmeyK e¨envi K‡i 139 †KvwU e¨enviKvix|
cÖwZw`b †dmeyK e¨envi K‡i 100 †KvwU gvbyl (07 b‡f¤i 2015,
cÖ_g Av‡jv)|
B‡gR I wfwWI †nvw÷s mvBU wd¬Kvi Av‡m 2004 mv‡j| 2015
mv‡ji Ryb gv‡mi Z_¨ Abyhvqx, wd¬Kvi e¨enviKvixi msL¨v 11 †KvwU
Qvwo‡q‡Q| 2014 mv‡ji Z_¨ Abyhvqx, wd¬Kv‡i cÖwZw`b M‡o 10 jvL
Qwe †jb‡`b nq (13 †deªæqvwi 2014, hyMvšÍi)|
2005 mv‡j Pvjy nq wfwWI †kqvi Kivi mvBU BDwUDe| 2013
mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m BDwUDe 100 †KvwU e¨enviKvixi gvBjdjK AwZµg
K‡i (21 gvP© 2013, ewYK evZ©v)|
Ly‡` eøM (gvB‡µveøwMs) †jLvi I‡qemvBU UzBUv‡ii hvÎv ïiæ
2006 mv‡j| KZ…©c‡ÿi Z_¨ Abyhvqx, 2015 mv‡ji wW‡m¤i bvMv`
UzBUv‡ii gvwmK mwµq e¨enviKvixi msL¨v 32 †KvwU|
AbjvB‡b †gvevBj †_‡K Qwe I wfwWI †kqv‡ii A¨vwcø‡Kkb
Bb÷vMÖvg Pvjy nq 2010 mv‡j| RbwcÖq GB A¨v‡ci wbqwgZ
e¨enviKvixi msL¨v 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 40 †KvwU Qvwo‡q‡Q (27
†m‡Þ¤i 2015, ewYK evZ©v)|
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi DÌvb
mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi wewfbœ gva¨‡gi mnRcÖvc¨Zv Ges †gvevBj
†dv‡bi we¯Ívi mvsevw`KZvq bvMwiK‡`i e¨vcKwfwËK AskMÖn‡Yi
my‡hvM m„wó K‡i| we‡k¦ eo ai‡bi K‡qKwU msK‡Ui cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv AvšÍR©vwZK L¨vwZ AR©b K‡i| GB cÖm‡½ cÖ_‡gB
Av‡m 9/11-Gi K_v| GQvov 2004 mv‡j Gwkqvi mybvwg, 2005 mv‡j
jÛ‡b †evgv nvgjv, 2008 mv‡j gy¤vB‡q nvgjv, 2009 mv‡j Biv‡bi
†cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vPb, 2010 mv‡j nvBwZi f~wgK¤ú, cieZ©x mg‡q Avie
emšÍ, AKzcvB Iqvjw÷ªU, wmwiqvi M„nhy×, dv¸©m‡b Aw ’iZvi K_v
D‡jøL Kiv hvq| Gme msK‡Ui mgq g~javivi mvsevw`KZv‡K Qvwc‡q
hvq bvMwi‡Kiv| Zv‡`i cÖZ¨ÿ weeiY, Qwe, AwWI-wfwWI, †dmeyK
÷¨vUvm, UzBU cÖf…wZ mvsevw`KZvi †K‡›`ª P‡j Av‡m| bvMwiK
mvsevw`KivB n‡q I‡V ZvRv I G·K¬zwmf Z‡_¨i AvKi| Gme †ÿ‡Î
wcwQ‡q _vKv g~javivi MYgva¨gI bvMwiK mvsevw`K‡`i AbymiY Ges
Zv‡`i mieivn Kiv Av‡aq cÖPvi Ki‡Z eva¨ nq|
AvšÍR©vwZK †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM BDwbq‡bi (AvBwUBD) Z_¨ Abyhvqx,
we‡k¦ B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvixi msL¨v 320 †KvwU‡Z †cŠu‡Q‡Q (02 wW‡m¤i
2015, ewYK evZ©v)| B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvix GB wecyjmsL¨K mvaviY
gvbyl GLb AbjvB‡b Aejxjvq Zv‡`i gZvgZ I Z_¨ cÖKvk Ki‡Q|
bvMwi‡Kiv msev` Ô†eªKÕ Ki‡Q| Zviv Ggb me welq cÖKv‡k¨ Avb‡Q, hv
GZw`b g~javivi MYgva¨‡g Ae‡nwjZ wQj A_ev ¯’vb-B †c‡Zv bv|
ÿgZvkvjxiv †hme welq AcQ›` K‡i, Pvcv w`‡Z Pvq, †Mvcb Ki‡Z
PvqÑZv cÖKvk K‡i w`‡”Q bvMwiK mvsevw`Kiv| wb‡Ri K_v, †Pv‡L †`Lv
NUbv, NUbvi Qwe, wfwWI-AwWI Zviv AvšÍR©vwZK cwigЇj Qwo‡q
w`‡”Q| Zviv Bmy¨ ˆZwi Ki‡Q| Zv‡`i Bmy¨ RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK
G‡RÛvq cwiYZ n‡”Q|
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi Ggb DÌv‡b g~javivi mvsevw`KZv fxlY
iK‡gi Pv‡ci g‡a¨ Av‡Q| †KŠkj wba©viY wb‡q Zviv wPwšÍZ, wef³|
g~javivi A‡bK MYgva¨g GLb bvMwiK mvsevw`K‡`i †ek ¸iæZ¡ w`‡”Q|
Zv‡`i Ici Av¯’v ivL‡Q| Z_¨ mieivn Ki‡Z bvMwiK‡`i DrmvwnZ
Kiv n‡”Q| Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K cvIqv Z_¨ msev‡` e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q|
g~javivi MYgva¨‡gi msev‡` bvMwiK‡`i AskMÖnY †e‡oB Pj‡Q| Avevi
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv MYgva¨g bvMwiK mvsevw`K‡`i Rb¨ c„_K mgq I ’vb
eivÏ Ki‡Q| wek¦Ry‡o GLb bvMwiK mvsevw`K‡`i RqRqKvi|
wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k I bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv
Zzjbvg~jK wej‡¤ B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gnvmo‡K hy³ nq evsjv‡`k| Avgv‡`i
†`‡k B›Uvi‡bU Av‡m 1993 mv‡j| 1996 mv‡ji Ry‡b evsjv‡`‡k
AbjvBb †bUIqv‡K©i cÖPjb ïiæ nq (Rahman, 2002)| Zvici mgq
hZ Mwo‡q‡Q, evsjv‡`k ZZ AvBwmwU-evÜe n‡q‡Q| GKzk kZ‡Ki bvbv
P¨v‡jÄ I m¤¢vebvi GK hyMmwÜÿ‡Y ÔwWwRUvj evsjv‡`kÕ Movi †NvlYv
w`‡q 2009 mv‡j ÿgZvq Av‡m AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…Z¡vaxb gnv‡RvU|
†`kiZœ †kL nvwmbvi IB †NvlYvi Ab¨Zg j¶¨ 2021 mv‡ji g‡a¨
mviv‡`k‡K B›Uvi‡bU cÖhyw³i AvIZvq wb‡q Avmv (Hussain, 2009)|
cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi wePÿY †bZ…‡Z¡ Aí mg‡qi e¨eav‡b
ÔwWwRUvj evsjv‡`kÕ GLb ev ÍeZv| we‡k¦i Kv‡Q evsjv‡`k AvR GK
Ô†ivj-g‡WjÕ|
2000 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvixi msL¨v wQj GK
jvL| 2007 mv‡j 4 jvL 50 nvRvi| 2009 mv‡j 5 jvL 56 nvRvi|
2010 mv‡j 6 jvL 17 nvRvi| 2011 mv‡j GB msL¨v 55 jvL Qvovq|
2012 mv‡j 80 jvL 54 nvRvi| 2013 mv‡ji wW‡m¤‡i GB msL¨v 1
†KvwU 8 jvL 8 nvRv‡i DbœxZ nq (internetworldstats.com)|
evsjv‡`k †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM wbqš¿Y Kwgk‡bi (wewUAviwm) Z_¨
Abyhvqx, 2013 mv‡ji GwcÖj ch©šÍ †`‡k B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvixi msL¨v
wQj 3 †KvwU 30 jvL 43 nvRvi| Gi g‡a¨ 95 kZvsk gy‡Vv‡dv‡b
B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvix (31 May 2013, theindependentbd.com)|
2015 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K wewUAviwm Rvbvq, GB eQ‡ii A‡±ve‡i
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui MÖvnKmsL¨v 5 †KvwU 46 jv‡L †cŠu‡Q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ †gvevBj
†dv‡b B›Uvi‡bU MÖvnKmsL¨v 5 †KvwU 23 jvL| GKB mg‡q †`‡k
†gvevBj e¨enviKvixi msL¨v 13 †KvwU 19 jvL (30 b‡f¤i 2015,
cÖ_g Av‡jv)| `¨ B›Uvi‡bU †mvmvBwU evsjv‡`‡ki XvKv kvLvi D‡`¨v‡M
ÔGwkqv B›Uvi‡bU wm‡¤úvwRqvg- 2015Õ kxl©K †mwgbv‡i D‡jøL Kiv nq,
†`‡k cÖvq 1 †KvwU 70 jvL gvbyl †dmeyK e¨envi K‡ib (11 A‡±vei
2015, cÖ_g Av‡jv)|
43
wbix¶v
evsjv‡`‡ki mgvRe¨e ’vq B›Uvi‡bU `viæY cÖfve †d‡j‡Q| kn‡ii
wkwÿZ †kÖwYi Rxeb A‡bKUvB B›Uvi‡bUwbf©i n‡q c‡o‡Q| kn‡ii
wkw¶Z ZiæYiv B›Uvi‡bU‡K Zuv‡`i Rxe‡bi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wn‡m‡e MÖnY
K‡i‡Q| Aek¨ †mB Zzjbvq evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ MÖv‡g B›Uvi‡b‡Ui we¯Ívi
GL‡bv mxwgZ i‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ †ÿ‡Îi g‡Zv mvsevw`KZv‡ZI B›Uvi‡b‡Ui
cÖfve c‡o‡Q| GB cÖfv‡e cÖ_vMZ mvsevw`KZvi wfZ †Ku‡c D‡V‡Q|
hy‡Mi Pvwn`v I fwel¨r we‡ePbv K‡i g~javivi cÖvq me ˆ`wbK AbjvBb
ms¯‹iY G‡b‡Q| †`‡ki †emiKvwi †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj¸‡jvI GKB c‡_
nuvU‡Q| Gm‡ei evB‡i evsjv‡`‡k nvRv‡iv ¯Zš¿ AbjvBb msev`gva¨g
I eøM M‡o D‡V‡Q|
ˆ`wb‡Ki AbjvBb ms¯‹iY I Zš¿ AbjvBb msev`gva¨‡g cÖKvwkZ
msev‡`i wb‡P cvVKiv Zv‡`i cÖwZwµqv, gZvgZ, hyw³, cvëv-hyw³,
cQ›`-AcQ›` (jvBK-wWmjvBK) Rvbv‡Z cvi‡Qb| GKB m‡½ Zviv
msev‡` fzj ms‡kvab, Z_¨ ms‡hvRb I Avc‡WU cÖwµqvq Ask wb‡”Qb|
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eøMvi‡`i Kg©KvÐ A‡bK †ÿ‡Î cÖ_vMZ mvsevw`KZvi gvb`‡Ði m‡½
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mvsevw`KZv‡K Qvwc‡q hvq| KviY, cÖ_vMZ mvsevw`KZvi mxgve×Zv
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g~javivi MYgva¨g †h Z_¨ cvq bv, †h Lei †P‡c hvq, †h Z_¨ †Mvcb
K‡i; weKí MYgva¨g eø‡M Zv Qvcv n‡q mevi Kv‡Q †cŠu‡Q hv‡”Q|
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mykvmb, bvMwiK AwaKvi, b¨vqwePvi, mš¿vm-Rw½ev` wbg©~j, ag©vÜZv-
mv¤úª vwqKZvi Aemvbmn wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bvMwiK Bmy¨‡Z eøMviiv eøwMs
K‡i hv‡”Qb| Gi gva¨‡g RbgZ msMwVZ n‡”Q| eøM-KwgDwbwU Øviv
miKvi, ivRbxwZ, GgbwK g~javivi MYgva¨g ch©šÍ cÖfvweZ n‡”Q|
GKvˇii gvbeZvwe‡ivax Acivax‡`i m‡e©v”P kvw¯Íi `vwe‡Z 2013 mv‡j
ivRavbxi kvnev‡Mi Af~Zc~e© MYAv‡›`vjb eøMvi‡`i gva¨‡gB msMwVZ
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2015 mv‡ji wW‡m¤i bvMv` †`‡k †dmeyK e¨enviKvixi msL¨v cÖvq 1
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jvBbÕ n‡q D‡V‡Q| †dmeyK ïay ms‡hvM, P¨vwUs Avi †kqvwis‡qi gva¨g
bq; Z_¨, msev`, gZvgZ, wkÿv, we‡bv`b, e¨emv, PvKwimn bvMwi‡Ki
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44
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Z_¨m~Î
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14. Rosen, J. (2008). A Most Useful Definition of CitizenJournalism. PressThink.
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. .
cÖ_vMZ mvsevw`KZvi evB‡i hviv Av‡Qb A_P msev‡`i m‡½ mivmwi _vK‡Z Pvb
Ggb †jvKRbB wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwj÷ ev bvMwiK mvsevw`K| Gai‡bi Z_¨
mieiv‡ni ga¨ w`‡qB bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi cÖPjb| Ab¨ K_vq, GwU‡K
cwic~iK mvsevw`KZvI ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| GKvRwU Ki‡Z cv‡ib mvsevw`KZvi
KvR Rvbv ev bv Rvbv †h †Kv‡bv bvMwiK|
wmwU‡Rb Rvbv©wjRg bvbv bv‡g cwiwPZ| †hgb MYmvsevw`KZv,
AskMÖnYg~jK mvsevw`KZv, MYZvwš¿K mvsevw`KZv, †Mwijv I c_ mvsevw`KZv|
Ae ’vUv Ggb n‡q‡Q †h, hviv GKmgq †kÖvZv/`k©K/cvVK wQj Zviv Avi
†mB mvwi‡Z _vK‡Z ivwR bq| ZvivI msev` RM‡Z wKQz GKUv f~wgKv ivL‡Z
46
Pvq| KL‡bv-KL‡bv g‡b nq, †ckvRxex mvsevw`K‡`i mxgve×Zvi RvqMvUzKz
†Pv‡L AvOzj w`‡q eywS‡q w`‡Z Pvq| GKvRUzKz K‡i PzcPvc e‡m _vK‡Qb bv,
†KD-†KD K…wZZ¡ fvMvfvwM K‡i wb‡Z †dmeyK, UzBUv‡i †Q‡o w`‡”Qb Z_¨-Qwe|
GKmgq wQj, NUbv †`‡L cwÎKv Awd‡m mgvR-m‡PZb bvMwiKiv †dvb
w`‡q Rvbv‡Zb †mK_v| GLb †mBUzKz mgq bó bv K‡i wbR `vwq‡Z¡ msev`
cwi‡ekb Ki‡Qb| Zv‡`i cÖvwZôvwbK †jLvcov nq‡Zvev †bB, †bB cÖ_vMZ
†Kv‡bv †Uªwbs wKsev w`Kwb‡ ©kbv| A_P AbjvB‡b Zv‡`i Dcw ’wZ ewjô| hvi
d‡j, eo-eo msev` ms ’v¸‡jv (wewewm, wmGbGb) mvgvwRK MYgva¨‡gÑ
†dmeyK I UzBUviÑ wb‡R‡`i Ae ’vb wVK ivLvi Rb¨ D‡Vc‡o †j‡M‡Q| Ae ’vUv
uvwo‡q‡Q Ggb †h, mvgvwRK MYgva¨gB AbjvB‡b †bZ…‡Z¡i RvqMvUv `Lj K‡i
†dj‡e|
eZ©gvb AvaywbK we‡k¦ msev`evwY‡R¨ me‡P‡q Av‡jvwPZ welq wmwU‡Rb
Rvb©vwjRg| fvwe‡q Zz‡j‡Q bZzb e¨emvqx‡`iI| AMÖR A‡b‡K welqwU‡K †Zgb
cvËv w`‡”Qb bv| hw`I †KD-†KD B‡Zvg‡a¨B G wb‡q KvR Ki‡Qb|
evsjv‡`‡k Aek¨ Gi †Quvqv †j‡M‡Q| we‡kl-we‡kl NUbvi wfwWI K‡i
msev`gva¨‡g cvVv‡bv, AbjvBb cwÎKvq eøM Pvjy BZ¨vw` KvRK‡g©i g‡a¨ mxgve×
Av‡Q| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui myev‡` mvgvwRK MYgva¨g †dmeyK, UzBUvi, BDwUDe
BZ¨vw`‡Z PU K‡i UvUKv NUbvi Rvbvb †`q Giv| Kg eqmxiv GKvRwU mn‡R
Ges ZvovZvwo Ki‡Z cv‡i| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui cÖmvi I wbD wgwWqvi (AvB‡dvb,
†gvevBj †dv‡b AwWI-wfwWI †iKwW©s) wbZ¨bZzb ms‡hvR‡bi d‡j, msev`
Av`vb-cÖ vb, Z_¨ cwi‡ekb mnR n‡q hv‡”Q| bvMwiKiv wb‡Ri ARv‡šÍB bvgwU
evsjv‡`kmn c„w_exi DbœZ
†`k¸‡jv‡Z bvbvfv‡e wmwU‡Rb
Rvb©vwjR‡gi KvRwU n‡”Q|
evsjv‡`‡k Rbeûj I †jLvcov Rvbv
†jvKR‡bi msL¨v h‡_ó nIqvq,
mvsevw`KZvi GB bZzb kvLvwUi
PURjw` cÖmvi nIqvi m¤¢vebv cÖPzi
wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg
mvsevw`KZvi MYZš¿vqb
I bZzb P¨v‡jÄ
Kz`iZ-B-gIjv
47
wjwL‡q †dj‡Qb mvsevw`‡Ki ZvwjKvq| k‡Li e‡k cvVv‡bv wi‡cvU©, we‡kl
K‡i WKz‡g›Uvwi, †ckv`vi mvsevw`KZv‡K gy‡LvgywL uvo Kiv‡”Q|
hvi d‡j, mvgvwRK MYgva¨‡g DˇivËi kw³kvjx f~wgKv wb‡q †d‡j‡Q
Zviv| ZvQvov, AbjvBb cvVK-msL¨vi w`K †_‡K †dmeyK Zz‡½
(evsjv‡`kmn wek¦e¨vcx A¨v‡j·v i¨vw¼s‡q †dmeyK wØZxq ’v‡b, ¸Mj GK
b¤‡i) _vKvq, me cwÎKvi AbjvBb fvm©b, AbjvBb cwÎKv, GgbwK wUwfÕi
AbjvBb fvm©b¸‡jvI Zv‡`i AvKl©Yxq msev`¸‡jv PURjw` †dmey‡K †`qvi
†Póv K‡i| G †hb, A‡NvwlZ kvwšÍc~Y© msev`-hy×|
evsjv‡`kmn c„w_exi DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z bvbvfv‡e wmwU‡Rb
Rvb©vwjR‡gi KvRwU n‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡k Rbeûj I †jLvcov Rvbv †jvKR‡bi
msL¨v h‡_ó nIqvq, mvsevw`KZvi GB bZzb kvLvwUi PURjw` cÖmvi nIqvi
m¤¢vebv cÖPzi| Z‡e av‡c-av‡c GB KvRwU wbqggvwdK Kiv hvq| †m aviYv
w`‡q‡Qb c‡q›Uvi Bbw÷wUD‡Ui cÖv³b wmwbqi GwWUi Ges ¯‡NvwlZ
AbjvBb MYgva¨‡gi cw_K…r w÷f AvDwUs Zuvi ÔBj¨v‡fb †jqvi Ae
wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRgÕ wbe‡Ü| Zuvi „wó‡KvY †_‡K welqwU †`L‡j mn‡R
†evSv hv‡e, Avgiv †Kv_vq AvwQ †Kvb c‡_ †M‡j mvwe©Kfv‡e fv‡jv dj
cvIqv hv‡e :
1.MYgva¨‡g Rbmvavi‡Yi gZvgZ Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv: G ai‡bi cÖ‡Póv
cwÎKv¸‡jvi cvV‡Ki cvZvq eû eQi a‡i P‡j Avm‡Q, †iwWIÕ‡Z A‡bK
Av‡M †_‡K Ges wUwfÕ‡Z n‡”Q|
2.wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwj‡÷i cvVv‡bv Z_¨ msev``vZvi gh©v`v w`‡q Kv‡R
jvMv‡bv: mvaviY bvMwiK‡`i MYgva¨‡g msev` ev Qwe cvVv‡bvi cÖeYZv ev
nvi evsjv‡`‡k Kg| †hUzKz cvIqv hv‡”Q Zv mxwgZ AvKv‡i e¨envi n‡”Q
cÖvB‡fU wUwf P¨v‡bj¸‡jv‡Z| Z‡e G‡`i A‡b‡KB e¨wZµgag©x Qwe ev
dz‡UR cwÎKv ev wUwfÕ‡Z bv w`‡q eø‡M ev mvgvwRK MYgva¨‡g †Q‡o w`‡”Q|
3. gyy³ Drm cÖwZ‡e`b: cÖwZ‡e`K wb‡Ri wi‡cvU© †jLvi mgq mswkøó
bvMwiK mvsevw`‡Ki Z_¨ ev gZvgZ wb‡q cÖwZ‡e`‡bi m‡½ Ry‡o w`‡Z
cv‡i| GgbwK RvqMv we‡k‡l Zv‡K w`‡qB cÖwZ‡e`bwU Kiv‡bv| hy³iv‡óªi
g‡Zv cÖhyw³‡Z GwM‡q †`k¸‡jv- †hLv‡b bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi e¨vcK cÖmvi
N‡U‡Q- †mme †`‡k Gai‡bi Abykxjb n‡”Q|
4. bvMwiK mvsevw`K eøM: bvMwiK‡`i mvsevw`KZvq Rov‡bvi me‡P‡q
mnR Dcvq n‡”Q cwÎKvi AbjvBb fvm©‡b Zv‡`i †jLvi Rb¨ Avgš¿Y
Rvbv‡bv| G cÖ‡Póv‡K ejv hvq, cvV‡Ki cvZvi DbœZ ms¯‹iY| GKvRwU
c„w_exi cÖ_g †kªwYi cwÎKv¸‡jv K‡i‡Q †ek Av‡M †_‡KB, wewfbœfv‡e|
evsjv‡`‡kI AbjvBb cwÎKv¸‡jv wbqwgZ GKvRwU Ki‡Q|
5. bvMwiK-evÜe msev`-¯”QZv eøM : G ai‡bi eø‡M, cwÎKvi
gv‡bvbœq‡bi Rb¨ bvMwiK‡`i mgv‡jvPbv I cÖksmv cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM †`qv|
GgbwK, Zv‡`i ga¨ †_‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨ GKRb mevi gZvg‡Zi Ici wbf©i
K‡i cwÎKv cwiPvjbv wb‡q GKwU gšÍe¨ cÖwZ‡e`b wjL‡Z cv‡ib| cwÎKvi
cÖPvimsL¨v evov‡Z I gv‡bvbœqb Dfq Kv‡R Avm‡Z cv‡i G ai‡bi eøM|
mvaviYfv‡e, GKRb cwÎKv m¤úv`K cvV‡Ki gZvg‡Zi wfwˇZ GKvRwU
K‡i _v‡Kb|
6. bvMwiK mvsevw`K wbDR I‡qemvBU: G ai‡bi I‡qemvB‡U
cy‡ivUvB bvMwiK mvsevw`K ev bvMwiK‡`i cvVv‡bv msev‡`i wfwˇZ ˆZwi|
GUv m¤úvw`Z n‡Z cv‡i wKsev Zv‡`i cvVv‡bv msev` ûeû m¤úªPvi Kiv n‡Z
cv‡i A_©vr Am¤úvw`Zfv‡e cÖKvk n‡Z cv‡i| Am¤úvw`Z gv‡b evbvb I
e¨vKi‡Yi Ab¨vb¨ fzj Ges e ‘wbôZvmn msev‡`i hveZxq bxwZgvjv weewR©Z
n‡Z cv‡i| †mRb¨, AcÖvmw½K ev Am½wZc~Y©Zvi w`KwU †`Lfvj Kivi
cÖ‡qvRb †_‡KB hvq| cwÎKvi wPwVcÎ ev gZvgZ Kjv‡gi g‡Zv GB ai‡bi
msev‡`i `vq`vwqZ¡ cÖKvk‡Ki _vK‡Q bv ejv hvq| whwb I‡qemvB‡U ev eø‡M
wjL‡Qb ZviB `vq`vwqZ¡, Z‡e m¤¢vebv †_‡K hvq weiƒc cÖwZwµqvi| Zvn‡j
†`Lv hv‡”Q †h, eø‡M ¯úk©KvZi welqK †cv÷ m¤úªPvi n‡j Zv †_‡K weo¤bv
†_‡KB hvq| †mRb¨ cÖPwjZ MYgva¨g¸‡jvi g‡ZvB, eøMmn mvgvwRK
MYgva¨g¸‡jv miKv‡ii w`K †_‡K gwbUwis Kivi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| cÖ‡qvRb
†mjd GwWwUs‡qi| Zv msNvZ I mwnsmZv Gov‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| evsjv‡`‡k
G ai‡bi eøM GL‡bv M‡o I‡Vwb| hv n‡q‡Q, Zv ejv hvq gZvgZ wbf©i wKQz
gy³eyw× PP©vi eøM|
7. bvMwiK mvsevw`K I‡qemvB‡Ui Qvcv fvm©b: bvMwiK mvsevw`K ev
bvMwiK‡`i evQvB Kiv †jLv wb‡q mßv‡n GKevi Qvcv AvKv‡i cwÎKv Kiv
hvq| ˆ`wbK cwÎKvi Rb¨ GKvRwU Lye mnR| Zviv Zv‡`i cwÎKvi X‡O
wewfbœ wefvMmn bvMwiK mvsevw`K‡`i evQvB Kiv ev †miv †jLv¸‡jv
g¨vMvwR‡bi Av`‡j, g~j cwÎKvi m‡½ evRv‡i †Q‡o w`‡Z cv‡i| c„w_exi
†Kv‡bv-†Kv‡bv †`‡k Gi cÖPjb Av‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k Zv fvebv ch©v‡q i‡q‡Q|
8. bvMwiK I †ckvRxex mvsevw`K‡`i †hŠ_ cÖ‡Póvq cwiPvwjZ cwÎKv
: GwkqviB GKwU †`k `wÿY †Kvwiqv cÖgvY K‡i‡Q m¤§vbx w`‡qI bvMwiK
mvsevw`KZv‡K jvfRbK e¨emv wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv Kiv hvq| ÔInwg wbDRÕ
wbqwgZ ˆ`wbK| ÷vd wi‡cvU©vi I msev``vZv QvovI mviv‡`k Ry‡o Zv‡`i
30 nvRv‡ii †ewk bvMwiK wi‡cvU©vi i‡q‡Q | Zvi gv‡b cwÎKvwUi
cÖwZ‡e`‡bi †ewki fvMB bvMwiK mvsevw`K‡`i| Giv ÷vd wi‡cvU©vi‡`i
g‡ZvB GK‡hv‡M IB cwÎKvi n‡q KvR Ki‡Qb| Qvcv n‡j †mB msev`wUi
Rb¨ hrmvgvb¨ m¤§vbx †`qv nq| bvMwiK mvsevw`Kiv Zv‡ZB Lywk|
9. bvMwiK I †ckvRxex wi‡cvU©v‡ii cÖwZ‡e`b wb‡q I‡qemvBU: G
ai‡bi I‡qemvBU c„w_exi A‡bK †`‡k Av‡Q e‡j g‡b nq bv| Z‡e, †hme
cwÎKv AbjvB‡b bvMwiK wi‡cvU©vi‡`i †jLv wbqwgZ Qvc‡Q ev cÖPvi Ki‡Q,
Zviv GKvRwU Ki‡Z cv‡i mnmv| InwgÕi g‡Zv cwÎKvi Rb¨ GwU Kiv
mnR| †ZgbwU n‡j, nq‡Zv †`Lv hv‡e †Kv‡bv GKwU RvZxq ev AvšÍR©vwZK
Bmy¨ wb‡q †ckvRxex I bvMwiK mvsevw`‡Ki †jLv †kvfv cv‡”Q cvkvcvwk|
w÷f AvDwUs GgbwU g‡b K‡ib| Z‡e AbjvB‡b †jLv‡RvLv GZ †ewk n‡”Q
†h, †`Lv †Mj eZ©gvb cÖeÜwU Qvcv nIqvi Av‡MB Gai‡bi GKwU
I‡qemvBU Pvjy n‡q †M‡Q|
10. DBwKwbDR GbmvB‡K¬v‡cwWqvÕi X‡O wbDR I‡qemvBU: bvMwiK I
†ckvRxex wi‡cvU©v‡ii wb‡q I‡qemvBU‡K Av‡iK avc G¸‡jB, DBwK-
GbmvB‡K¬v‡cwWqvÕi AvKv‡i wbDR I‡qemvBU Kiv m¤¢e, hvi wi‡cvU©vi I
KwcGwWUi DfqB bvMwiK mvsevw`K| DBwKwbD‡Ri GbmvB‡K¬v‡cwWqv
Gfv‡eB M‡o D‡V‡Q- hviv G‡Z wjL‡Qb, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †_‡KB †KD bv †KD
†h †Kv‡bv wel‡q Zv‡`i †jLvi gva¨‡g welqwU‡K mg„× K‡ib| Z‡e, GKv‡R
mevB‡K e ‘wbôZv eRvq ivLv cÖZ¨vwkZ|
Gevi Avmv hvK, bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi †cQ‡bi K_vq| †Kv_vq,
Kxfv‡e Avi¤¢ n‡jv| GB mvsevw`KZvi †kŠwLb GB kvLvwU evsjv‡`‡k
wVKg‡Zv M‡oB I‡Vwb| ZeyI ej‡Z nq, Avgiv wcwQ‡q wQjvg bv KL‡bvB|
lv‡Ui `k‡K GKwU Bs‡iwR ˆ`wbK (†WBwj AeRvifvi), yÕnvRvi mv‡ji
cÖ_g `k‡K GKwU AbjvBb cwÎKv (XvKv wbDR) Ges cÖqvZ wgïK gybxi
GwUGb wbD‡R †Póv Pvjv‡jI, G‡`‡k bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvq †Zgb mvov
cvIqv hvqwb ev †Zgb weKwkZ n‡Z cv‡iwb| hw`I mdjZvi NUbvI Av‡Q
†ek KwU| gRvi e¨vcvi n‡jv, evsjv‡`k AeRvifvi †h mgq ÔwmwU‡Rb
Rvb©vwjRgÕ bv‡g Kjvg Pvjyi †NvlYv w`‡”Q, Zvi eQi K‡qK Av‡M, 1963-
†Z Rbbw›`Z gvwK©b †cÖwm‡W›U Rb Gd †K‡bwWÕi nZ¨vi wfwWI aviY Ki‡Z
†c‡iwQ‡jb GKRb mvaviY gvwK©b bvMwiK| wZwb †kŠwLb wfwWI-K¨v‡giv‡Z
Zv aviY K‡ib| whwb AvR‡Ki bvMwiK mvsevw`K‡`i c~e©m~wi ev GKA_©
cw_K…r| MYZ‡š¿i m~wZKvMvi gvwK©b hy³ivóªmn we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k Ggb
e¨wZµgag©x NUbv bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv‡K RbwcÖq Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q|
Z‡e, yÕnvRvi mv‡ji †Mvovi w`‡K B›Uvi‡bU I wewfbœ †bUIqvw©K©s
myweav¸‡jvi (P¨vU e·, †g‡mR †evW© BZ¨vw`) cÖmvi Ges AbjvBb cwÎKvi
cyi¯‹vi Pvjy nIqvq wek¦e¨vcx mvaviY bvMwi‡Ki nv‡Zi bvMv‡j G‡m c‡o
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv| B`vbxsKv‡j, ga¨cÖv‡P¨i wewfbœ †`‡k mvaviY gvbyl
ivR‰bwZK Aw ’iZvi mgq Z_¨ I Qwe mvgvwRK MYgva¨‡g Qwo‡q w`‡q‡Q,
hv †ckvRxex mvsevw`K‡`i Kv‡R mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| GRb¨ m¤úªwZ GKRb
Avie bvMwiK gvbevwaKvi cyi¯‹viI †c‡q‡Qb| Z‡e, Rbwew”Qbœ Øxcmn
we‡k¦i †hme RvqMvq GL‡bv B›Uvi‡bU KvR K‡i bv ev †cuŠQvqwb, Zv wb‡q
KvR Ki‡Q bvgRv`v ms¯’v¸‡jv| †ejy‡b wnwjqvg M¨vm f‡i Zv m¤¢e wKbv G
wb‡q B‡›`v‡bwkqvÕq M‡elYv Pj‡Q| GwU mdj n‡j, cy‡iv wek¦ B›Uvi‡bU
cÖhyw³i AvIZvq G‡m hv‡e, evo‡e bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi cwimiI|
GK K_vq ejv hvq, eZ©gv‡b mvaviY bvMwiKiv mivmwi Ae`vb ivL‡Qb
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv Pvjy nIqvi myev‡`| Kv‡iv-Kv‡iv g‡Z, GUv †ckvRxex
mvsevw`K‡`i KvRwU‡K c~Y©v½ iƒc w`‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q| cvkvcvwk, mvaviY
bvMwiKI GK ai‡bi Zzwó cv‡”Qb MYgva¨‡g wb‡Ri AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡Z
cvivq| cÖkœ n‡jv, GB ai‡bi mvsevw`KZvq hviv wb‡qvwRZ Zv‡`i wK
†Uªwbs‡qi `iKvi †bB| wew”Qbœfv‡e n‡jI GKvRwU n‡”Q evsjv‡`‡k| Rvbv
g‡Z, K‡qKwU †emiKvwi ms ’v wek¦we`¨vj‡q, ivRavbx I Z…Yg~j ch©v‡q
KvRwU Ki‡Q, hw`I cy‡iv welqUvB G‡`‡k GL‡bv cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q i‡q‡Q|
†jLK: m¤úv`K, XvKvwbDR24WUKg
wbix¶v
cÖ e Ü
. .
cÖL¨vZ Rvg©vb `vk©wbK Bqy‡M©b †nevigvm Zuvi Rbcwimi Z‡Ë¡ BD‡iv‡ci
†cÖÿvc‡U †`wL‡q‡Qb †h, Aóv`k kZ‡K Kwd nvDR-†mjy‡bi g‡Zv
RvqMv¸‡jv gy³ Av‡jvPbvi †K›`ª n‡q D‡VwQj| mgv‡Ri mKj †kÖwYi
†jvKRb †mLv‡b iv‡óªi hveZxq welq wb‡q †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z
cvi‡Zv| Avi GB Av‡jvPbvi welq wba©vi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Zv
†mmgqKvi msev`cθ‡jv| KviY, ZLb ch©šÍ msev`c‡Î mvaviY gvby‡li
`iKvwi welq¸‡jv‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv n‡Zv| ZvQvov gy³ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g
cÖvß wm×všÍmg~n gvbyl ZLb cwÎKvq wj‡L cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv| †m¸‡jv
wb‡q cieZ©x‡Z cwÎKvq †jLv‡jwLi gva¨‡gI weZK© Pj‡Zv| mewg‡j GKwU
48
DrK…ó Rbcwimi †mmgq ˆZwi n‡qwQj| A_©vr, †mLv‡b gvbyl †h †Kv‡bv
ai‡bi wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i †_‡K ¯vaxbfv‡e gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv Ges
Zvi wfwˇZ RbgZ ˆZwi n‡Zv| Avi GB cy‡iv cÖwµqvq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv
ivL‡Zv msev`cÎ| wKš‘ cieZ©x‡Z cyuwRi †`ŠivZ¥¨ evovi m‡½-m‡½
Rbcwimi ÿwZMÖ Í n‡Z _v‡K| msev`cÎ cÖKv‡ki LiP evovi mv‡_ mv‡_
weÁvcb cÖKv‡ki nvi hZ evo‡Z _v‡K Avi MYgvbyl ZZB `~‡i †h‡Z ïiæ
K‡i| cwÎKv¸‡jv ax‡i ax‡i weÁvcb`vZv‡`i Ici wbf©ikxj n‡q c‡o|
d‡j, Zv‡`i c‡ÿ weÁvcb`vZv Z_v ÿgZvZ‡š¿i weiæ‡× wM‡q MYgvby‡li
c‡ÿ msev` cÖKvk Kiv Avi m¤¢e nqbv| Gfv‡eB Av‡jvPbvi wel‡qi
NvUwZi d‡j ax‡i-ax‡i Rbcwimi aŸsm n‡q hvq| evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡UI
Avgiv †`wL, `xN© mgq ch©šÍ Avgv‡`i msev`cθ‡jv ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vjb-
msMÖvg QvovI mvgvwRK bvbv ms¯‹v‡i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i MYgvby‡li
Av ’v AR©b Ki‡Z mÿg n‡qwQj| msev`c‡Î cÖKvwkZ msev` wKsev Kjvg
c‡o gvbyl Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Zv| wKš‘ cieZ©x‡Z evRv‡ii †Kvcvb‡j c‡o
Avgv‡`i msev`cθ‡jvI Zvi PwiÎ nviv‡bvi cvkvcvwk MYgvby‡li Av¯’vi
RvqMvwU bó K‡i †d‡j| G †cÖÿvc‡U bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv bvgK gÂ
MYgvbyl‡K bZzb K‡i Avkvev`x K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| A‡b‡K G‡K wN‡i bZzb K‡i
Rbcwimi ˆZwii ¯cœ †`L‡Qb| Zv‡`i †mB ¯cœ KZUv ev Íem¤§Z †m
Av‡jvPbvq hvIqvi Av‡M bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq Zv †R‡b
†bqv `iKvi|
mnR K_vq ej‡Z †M‡j, cÖ_vMZ wgwWqvi m‡½ hy³ bv †_‡K
bvMwiK‡`i wbR D‡`¨v‡M msev` msMÖn I cÖPvi Kiv‡K bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv
evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡UI Avgiv †`wL, `xN©
mgq ch©šÍ Avgv‡`i msev`cθ‡jv
ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vjb-msMÖvg QvovI
mvgvwRK bvbv ms¯‹v‡i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv
cvjb K‡i MYgvby‡li Av¯’v AR©b Ki‡Z
mÿg n‡qwQj| ... G †cÖÿvc‡U bvMwiK
mvsevw`KZv bvgK g MYgvbyl‡K bZzb
K‡i Avkvev`x K‡i Zz‡j‡Q
Rbcwimi I
bvMwiK
mvsevw`KZv
my`xß kg©v
49
e‡j| GB mvsevw`KZv‡K weKí I A¨vw±wf÷ mvsevw`KZvI ejv nq|
KviY, cÖ_vMZ wgwWqvq †hme welq Av‡jvwPZ nq bv †mme welq Zz‡j
G‡b mgvR cwieZ©‡b f~wgKv ivLvi my‡hvM GLv‡b i‡q‡Q| cÖ_vMZ
wgwWqvi wbw®Œq cvVK-`k©K-†kÖvZviv GLv‡b msev` msMÖn †_‡K ïiæ K‡i
weZiY ch©šÍ mwµq f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| bqv gva¨g cÖhyw³i
mnRjf¨Zvi d‡j bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv Kiv A‡bK mnR n‡q †M‡Q|
GLb †h †KD Zvi Av‡kcv‡k msNwUZ †Kv‡bv NUbv cÖ_vMZ wgwWqvq
cÖKvk nIqvi Av‡M mevB‡K Rvwb‡q w`‡Z cv‡i| GiKg ARmª D`vniY
Av‡Q †hLv‡b mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv welq wb‡q e¨vcKfv‡e
Av‡jvPbvi ci cÖ_vMZ wgwWqv welqwU wb‡q wi‡cvU© K‡i‡Q| A_©vr
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi gva¨‡g cÖ_vMZ wgwWqv‡K †Kv‡bv welq wb‡q
wi‡cvU© Ki‡Z eva¨ Kivi cvkvcvwk H
wel‡q bxwZwba©viK‡`i `„wó AvKl©‡Yi
e¨vcK my‡hvM ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| Z‡e A‡bK
m¤¢vebv _vK‡jI bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv wb‡q
Awf‡hvMI Kg bq| D‡Ïk¨g~jKfv‡e fzj
I weåvwšÍKi Z_¨ cÖPv‡ii gva¨‡g GK
†kÖwYi gvbyl bvMwiK mvsevw`K‡`i cÖwZ
gvby‡li Av ’vi RvqMvwU †hgb bó Ki‡Q,
†Zgwb ivóª‡K GLv‡bI wbqš¿Y Av‡iv‡ci
my‡hvM K‡i w`‡”Q|
cÖ_vMZ wgwWqv‡Z Avgiv ÿgZvZ‡š¿i
evB‡ii A‡bK wKQzB wKš‘ Luy‡R cvB bv|
eis ivóª I evRv‡ii Pvwn`vg‡Zv mgv‡R
w ’Zve¯’v wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ_vMZ wgwWqv
wbišÍi IKvjwZ K‡i P‡j| A_©vr, mZ¨
†Mvcb K‡i P‡j| GB RvqMv †_‡K bvMwiK
mvsevw`K‡`i RbM‡Yi c‡ÿ †_‡K KvR
Kivi cÖPzi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| bqv gva¨g
cÖhyw³ we‡kl K‡i mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM
gva¨‡gi mnRjf¨Zvi d‡j RbM‡Yi gZvgZ Z_v mZ¨ cÖKvk A‡bK
mnR n‡q †M‡Q|
bqv gva¨g cÖhyw³i m¤¢vebvi wecix‡Z mxgve×Zv _vK‡jI bvMwiK
mvsevw`K‡`i Zv cvk KvwU‡q KvR Kivi my‡hvMI i‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK
†hvMv‡hvM gva¨g‡K wN‡i ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i DrK…ó Rbcwimi| A_©vr
cÖ_vMZ wgwWqvi evB‡i wM‡q RbM‡Yi Bmy¨¸‡jv‡K mvg‡b G‡b RbMY‡K
mZ¨ Rvwb‡q †`qv hvq GLv‡b| RbMY‡K Zvi AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb
Kivi cvkvcvwk `vwe Av`v‡qi Rb¨ jovB Kivi Aby‡cÖiYv †`qvi KvRwU
Ki‡Z cv‡i bvMwiK mvsevw`Kiv| Zviv mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g‡K
e¨envi K‡i bvbv Rb¸iæZ¡c~Y© Bmy¨‡Z ZK©-weZK©-Av‡jvPbv K‡i RbgZ
MVb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| m‡e©vcwi cÖ_vMZ wgwWqv †hLv‡b mgv‡Ri Ici Zjv
†_‡K Z_¨ msMÖn I weZiY K‡i, †mLv‡b bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvq GB
KvRwU wbP †_‡K Z_v RbM‡Yi w`K †_‡K Kivi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡U bvMwiK mvsevw`K‡`i f~wgKv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z
†M‡j Avgiv kvnevM Av‡›`vjb, ivgcvj we`y¨r‡K›`ª we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb
wKsev ivRb nZ¨vi wePv‡ii g‡Zv wKQz mdjZv Luy‡R †c‡jI cÖPzi e¨_©Zv
wKš‘ Luy‡R cvB| mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡gi m¤¢vebv‡K Kv‡R bv jvwM‡q
†ewkifvM B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvix nvjKv, PUzj I A¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wb‡q
e¨¯Í _vK‡Q| Zv‡`i Kv‡Q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q DV‡Q †cÖg-fv‡jvevmv, bvqK-
bvwqKvi †K”Qv-Kvwnwb| mvivÿY GiKg wel‡qi g‡a¨ Wz‡e _vKvi d‡j
†m ivRbxwZ wKsev mgv‡RI ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kv‡bv wel‡q Mfxi Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡Z AvMÖn nvwi‡q †dj‡Q| Gi ga¨ w`‡q ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ wew”QbœZv
ˆZwi nIqvi cvkvcvwk Zv‡`i ¯cœ µ‡g a~mi n‡q hv‡”Q| d‡j Avgiv
AevK n‡q †Lqvj Kwi, cÖ_vMZ wgwWqvi g‡Zv mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM
gva¨g¸‡jvI †ÿÎwe‡k‡l GKB KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| Gi GKwU eo KviY
n‡jvÑ †ewkifvM B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvix †hgb B›Uvi‡b‡Ui m¤¢vebv
m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb bq, †Zgwb cwi®‹vifv‡e Rv‡b bv gvbyl wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡`i
AwaKvi m¤ú‡K©I| bvMwiK mvsevw`Kiv hZ `ªæZ GB ev ÍeZv Dcjwä
K‡i wb‡R‡`i KZ©e¨ wba©viY K‡i †m Abyhvqx KvR ïiæ Ki‡e Z_v
Rbcwimi ˆZwii msMÖv‡g mvwgj n‡e, ZZB evo‡e cÖK…Z mgvR I
Rbcwimi cÖwZôvi m¤¢vebv|
†jLK: cÖfvlK, †hvMv‡hvM I mvsevw`KZv wefvM, PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq
wbix¶v
ÔcÖ‡Z¨K bvMwiKB mvsevw`KÕ G aviYv‡K cuywR K‡i bvMwiK
mvsevw`KZvi ïiæ| GwU g~javivi mvsevw`KZvi wecixZ †mªvZ|
g~javivi aiveuvav wbqg wKsev ˆewkó¨ bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvq gvbv nq
bv| Ôg›` msev`B fv‡jv msev`Õ, †m·-gvwb-µvBg msev‡`i Ab¨Zg
Dcv`vb, ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨w³B ¸iæZ¡c~Y© msev` Bmy¨, mvsevw`KZvi (cwðgv
auv‡Pi) cÖ_vMZ Ggb wbq‡gi evB‡i weKí avivi mvsevw`KZv PP©vi
bvg bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv
wcAvBweÕi cÖKvkbv
†hvMv‡hvM
cÖKvkbv I wdPvi wefvM
evsjv‡`k †cÖm Bbw÷wUDU
3 mvwK©U nvDm †ivW
XvKv-1000
cÖ e Ü
. .
wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k Movi †h ¯cœ Avgiv †`‡LwQ Zv ev ͇e cwiYZ Kivi c‡_
we‡kl f~wgKv ivL‡Q B‡jKUªwbK Rvb©vwjRg| `ªæZ msev` msMÖn I cÖPvi
n‡”Q B‡jKUªwbK Rvb©vwjR‡gi me‡P‡q eo AR©b| B‡jKUªwbK Rvb©vwjR‡gi
cÖmv‡ii d‡j GLb Lei cvIqvi Rb¨ cvVK ev †kªvZv‡K Avi AvMvgxKv‡ji
msev`c‡Îi Rb¨ A‡cÿv Ki‡Z n‡”Q bv| gy‡Vv‡dv‡bi Ly‡` evZ©vi gva¨‡g
wewfbœ wUwf P¨v‡bj me©‡kl Lei cvVK‡K †cuŠ‡Q w`‡”Q| GKRb msev`MÖvnK
†h †Kv‡bv mgq †h †Kv‡bv RvqMvq e‡m me©‡kl cÖKvwkZ LeiwU Zvi
gy‡Vv‡dv‡bi gva¨‡gB †c‡Z cv‡ib| wUwf P¨v‡bj¸‡jv gyn~‡Z© gyn~‡Z© ZvRv
Lei ¯Œ‡ji gva¨‡g wUwf `k©K‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡”Q| wewfbœ msev`cÎ I
50
msev`gva¨g¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cÖwZwbqZ Pj‡Q cÖwZ‡hvwMZvÑ †K KZ Av‡M Ges
KZ ZvovZvwo mwVK LeiwU msMÖn K‡i `k©K-†kªvZv‡`i Kv‡Q msev` AvKv‡i
†cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cv‡i| ZvB `ªæZ I mwVK Lei msMÖn K‡i Zv msev` AvKv‡i
cÖKvk I cÖPvi B‡jKUªwbK Rvb©vwjR‡gi me‡P‡q eo ˆewkó¨ I AR©b|
B‡jKUªwbK Rvb©vwjRg
mvsevw`KZvi RM‡Z B‡jKUªwbK Rvb©vwjRg wb‡q G‡m‡Q Ggb AMÖMwZ hv
K‡qK eQi Av‡MI wQj ¯‡cœi AZxZ| B‡jKUªwbK Rvb©vwjR‡gi cÖmvi
mvsevw`KZvi msÁv cv‡ë w`‡q‡Q| mvsevw`KZvi †ÿ‡Î bZzb bZzb Øvi
Ly‡j‡Q, A‡bK bZzb avivi msev` Dc¯’vc‡bi c_ Ly‡j †M‡Q| Gi Ab¨Zg
bZzb ms‡hvRb n‡”Q GB †h, mvaviY RbMYI GLb PvB‡j Zv‡`i GjvKvi
†Kv‡bv `yN©Ubvi ev PgKcÖ` NUbvi Qwe Zz‡j msev`gva¨g¸‡jvi Kv‡Q cvVv‡Z
cv‡i cÖPv‡ii Rb¨| Gfv‡e A‡bK A‡MvP‡i _vKv Z_¨ wb‡g‡lB mvaviY
gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q hv‡”Q| †hgb, †dbx‡Z N‡U hvIqv BDwbqb cwil`
†Pqvig¨v‡bi b„ksm nZ¨vKvÐ GKRb cÖZ¨ÿ`kx© Zvi gy‡Vv‡dv‡bi K¨v‡givq
aviY K‡i wewfbœ wUwf P¨v‡b‡j cvwV‡q †`q| Gi d‡j Avmj †`vlx‡`i kbv³
Kiv m¤¢e nq| GB ai‡bi mvsevw`KZv †hLv‡b `k©K ev cvVK wb‡RB msev`
ev †Kv‡bv msev‡`i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ ev Qwe aviY K‡i msev`gva¨‡g cvVvq Ges
Zv cÖPvwiZ nq ZLb GB mvsevw`KZv‡K e‡j wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg| †hLv‡b
GKRb mvaviY bvMwiKB GKRb mvsevw`‡Ki f~wgKvq AeZxY© nq ZLb wZwb
n‡q I‡Vb GKRb wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwj÷|
wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjR‡gi gva¨‡g
GKRb mvaviY gvbyl n‡q DV‡Z
cv‡i A‡bK AmvaviY msev‡`i
Drm| wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg RbMY
I msev`gva¨g¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ac~e©
GK †mZzeÜ hv AvR‡Ki wWwRUvj
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯cœ ev¯Íevq‡bi GK
R¡jR¨všÍ D`vniY
wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k
I
wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg
dvivn bvR mvËvi
51
wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg ev bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv
wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg mvaviY gvby‡li mvsevw`KZv| KviY GLv‡b
msev` msMÖn †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Zv we‡kølY, wjLb, aviY I †cÖiY GB
mg¯Í KvR Ki‡Qb whwb wZwb GKRb cÖwkwÿZ mvsevw`K bb| †h
†Kv‡bv †ckvi gvbyl mgv‡Ri †Kv‡bv we‡kl w`K †jvKm¤§y‡L Zz‡j
aivi Rb¨ GKRb mvsevw`‡Ki g‡Zv f~wgKv wb‡Z cv‡ib| ZvB
GKRb wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwj÷ Rbmvavi‡Yi ga¨ †_‡K Ggb GKRb,
whwb wb‡RB AMÖYx n‡q MYgva¨‡gi mvnv‡h¨ RbMY‡K †Kv‡bv wel‡q
AewnZ Kivi cÖqvm K‡ib| mvaviYZ †hme msev` cÖPwjZ
mvsevw`KZvi AvIZvi g‡a¨ KvR K‡i msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e nq bv, Zv
KL‡bv-KL‡bv AcÖPwjZ Kvq`vq msMÖn K‡i msev`gva¨‡gi mvnv‡h¨
gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv hvq wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjR‡gi gva¨‡g| G‡K
mvsevw`KZvi MYZš¿vqbI ejv hvq| wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg fwel¨‡Z
MZvbyMwZK mvsevw`KZvi cwic~iK n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †mRb¨
PvB †`k‡cÖgx, m‡PZb bvMwiK hviv Zv‡`i Av‡kcv‡ki NUbv
m¤‡Ü memgq IqvwKenvj _vKvi †Póv K‡ib| Lei msMÖn Kivi
Av‡M Zvi mZ¨Zv I Le‡ii Dr‡mi wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv wbwðZ K‡ib
Ges ZviciB Zv †cÖiY K‡ib| †`‡ki GKRb m‡PZb bvMwiK Zvi
m¤§y‡L N‡U hvIqv †h †Kv‡bv Ab¨vq-Awbqg, AmvgvwRKZv ev
Aciva Zvi gy‡Vv‡dv‡bi gva¨‡g aviY K‡i
cÖgvY¯iƒc wgwWqvq cvVv‡j Ges †mUv hvPvB-
evQvB‡qi ci mwVK cÖgvwYZ n‡j Z‡eB Zv
cÖPvwiZ n‡Z cv‡i| GB †ÿ‡Î bvMwiK
`vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z wM‡q †Kv‡bviKg AbyivM
ev weiv‡Mi ekeZ©x nIqv DwPZ n‡e bv|
wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjRg †hb †Kv‡bviKg kÎæZvi
A ¿ wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ bv nq †mRb¨ hvPvB
cÖwµqv ¯”Q I wbi‡cÿ nIqv cÖ‡qvRb|
bvMwiK mvsevw`‡Ki cÖ‡qvRbxq ¸Yvejx
GKRb †ckvRxex mvsevw`‡Ki g‡ZvB GKRb
bvMwiK mvsevw`K‡K cÖ_‡g Aek¨B n‡Z n‡e
GKRb we‡eKevb bvMwiK, †h Ab¨v‡qi
weiæ‡× mRvM I mevK f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z
cÖ ‘Z| GKRb mvsevw`K n‡eb mZ¨v‡šlx I
mZ¨ev`x| G¸‡jv †h †Kv‡bv GKRb
e¨w³we‡k‡li ¸Y n‡Z cv‡i| GiRb¨ †Kv‡bv
cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb †bB, cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q
ˆbwZKZvi| mvsevw`Kiv †h‡nZz mgv‡Ri
†bwZevPK Kg©Kv‡Ði K_v †jvKm¤§y‡L Zz‡j
a‡i ZvB ¯vfvweKfv‡eB †mme y®‹‡g©i m‡½ hy³ †jv‡Kiv GKRb
mvsevw`K‡K Zv‡`i kÎæ g‡b K‡i| ZvB mvsevw`K‡`i h‡_ó mvnmx
I mveavbx n‡Z nq| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i Rxe‡bi SuzwK wb‡qI KvR
Ki‡Z nq| ZvB hLb GKRb mvaviY bvMwiK mvsevw`‡Ki f~wgKv
cvjb Ki‡eb ZLb Zv‡K Aek¨B wb‡Ri I cwiev‡ii myiÿvi K_v
fve‡Z n‡e| mvnm Qvov mgv‡Ri †bwZevPK Lei D`NvUb Kivi
KvR mnR nevi bq| nq‡Zvev mvaviY gvby‡li cvVv‡bv Z_¨ I Qwe
†ckvRxex mvsevw`K‡`i Kv‡Ri m‡½ Zzjbxq n‡e bv Z‡e G‡ÿ‡Î
msev`Uvi ¸iæZ¡ KZUzKz Zv †`LvUvB Avek¨K| KZ wbcyYfv‡e
KvRUv n‡q‡Q Zvi †P‡q welqUvi msev`g~j¨ KZ †mUv †`Lv †ewk
Riæwi| ax‡i-ax‡i Ggb Drmvnx bvMwiK mvsevw`K MYgva¨‡gi Rb¨
wbf©i‡hvM¨ m~Î ev Drm n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i|
†ckvRxex mvsevw`KZv ebvg bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv
c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k wmwU‡Rb Rvb©vwjR‡g Drmvnx gvby‡li msL¨v
evo‡Q| mgv‡Ri cÖwZ `vwqZ¡‡eva †_‡K gvbyl wmwU‡Rb
Rvb©vwjR‡gi cÖwZ SuzK‡Q| cÖhyw³i weKv‡ki Kvi‡Y GUv w`‡b w`‡b
Av‡iv mnR n‡q hv‡”Q| bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv †ckvRxex
mvsevw`KZvi cwic~iK n‡q IV‡Q, A‡bK †ÿ‡Î †hLv‡b NUbv NUvi
mgq NUbv ’‡j †Kv‡bv †ckvRxex mvsevw`K Dcw ’Z †bB| †Kv‡bv
we‡kl NUbv NU‡Z †`‡L ZvrÿwYKfv‡e †Kv‡bv e¨w³ Zvi Dcw¯’Z
eyw× e¨envi K‡i NUbvwUi wPÎMÖnY K‡i Zv †Kv‡bv msev`gva¨‡g
cvwV‡q w`‡”Qb| mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv m‡PZb e¨w³ Zvi we‡e‡Ki
Zvobvq ¯-D‡`¨v‡M †Kv‡bv mvgvwRK Ab¨vq ev Aciva cÖKvk Kivi
Rb¨ bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv K‡ib| Av‡MI †h GUv n‡Zv bv Zv bq|
Z‡e Gi †Kv‡bv ¯xK…Z bvg wQj bv Ges KvRUv GZ mn‡R KivI
†hZ bv| bvMwiK mvsevw`KZv †ckvRxex mvsevw`KZvi cwic~iK
n‡jI Zvi cÖwZ ’vcK ev cwicš’x KL‡bvB bq| CNN I BBC-
Õi g‡Zv eo eo msev`gva¨g ïaygvÎ bvMwiK mvsevw`K‡`i cvVv‡bv
msev` wb‡q GLb we‡kl Abyôvb cÖPvi K‡i| Gme Abyôv‡b †`k-
we‡`k `k©K-†kªvZviv Qwe I msev` cvVvb hv Lye AvKl©Yxqfv‡e
cwi‡ewkZ nq| fwel¨‡Z Avgv‡`i †`‡kI bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi
cÖPjb evo‡e KviY Avgv‡`i †`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ A‡ji msev` msMÖ‡ni
GUv GKUv mnR Dcvq n‡Z cv‡i P¨v‡bj I msev`gva¨g¸‡jvi
Rb¨| mvaviY gvbyl GLb Av‡Mi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk m‡PZb Zv‡`i
cvwicvwk¦©K Ae ’v I wb‡R‡`i AwaKvi m¤ú‡K©| AvR‡Ki wWwRUvj
evsjv‡`‡k cÖhyw³ MÖvg ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q ZvB GLb †`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ
A‡ji †Kv‡bv m‡PZb gvbyl PvB‡jB G‡ÿ‡Î GwM‡q Avm‡Z
cvi‡e| Gi d‡j mvsevw`KZvi msÁv LvwbKUv cv‡ë hv‡e Z‡e
cÖwkwÿZ I †ckvRxex mvsevw`KZv memgq _vK‡eB| KviY
mvsevw`KZv †Kv‡bv mvaviY †ckv bq| mvsevw`KZv n‡”Q mgv‡Ri
mvg‡b Avqbv n‡q mgvR‡K cwi”Qbœ ivLvi GK gva¨g| †h Avqbv
Qvov mgvR Zvi wb‡Ri †Pnviv mwVKfv‡e wbiƒcY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv
mvsevw`KZv n‡”Q mgv‡Ri mvg‡b †mB Avqbv|
bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv
mvaviY gvby‡li Lei hLb GKRb mvaviY gvbyl cwi‡ekb K‡ib
ZLb Zv A‡bK mgq Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q †ewk MÖnY‡hvM¨ I
ms‡e`bkxj nq| wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zvi w`K †_‡KI bvMwiK
mvsevw`KZvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv w`‡b w`‡b e„w× cv‡”Q| msev` †h
memgq †bwZevPKB n‡Z n‡e Zv bq| GKRb bvMwiK †Kv‡bv
`k©bxq ¯’v‡b †eov‡Z wM‡q †mLvbKvi g‡bvig `„‡k¨i eY©bv K‡i
A‡bK gvby‡li Rvbvi AvMÖn‡K evwi‡q Zzj‡Z cv‡i| Zvi bZzb-
bZzb Z_¨, Qwe I weeiY msMÖn K‡i cvVv‡bvI bvMwiK
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52
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1
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53
n‡q I‡V bZzb welq| Aek¨ Gi MVbˆkjx, AvKvi Ges KvVv‡gvq ZL‡bv †`Lv
hvqwb †Kv‡bv AwfbeZ¡| Rbmvsevw`KZvi msÁv wbg©v‡Yi †Póv n‡q‡Q
bvbvfv‡e| Sally J McMillan I Ab¨vb¨ M‡elKMY Rbmvsevw`KZv m¤ú‡K©
e‡j‡QbÑ ÔCivic journalism is about more than political cam-paigns... There are local initiatives that address socially andpolitically contentious issues such as race, relations, crime,education, community planning and economicdevelopment.Õ2
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gva¨‡g Rbmvsevw`KZvi j¶¨ AwR©Z nq|Õ
3
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kw³ wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e| Rbmvsevw`KZvi cw_K…r G cÖm‡½ e‡j‡QbÑ ÔIfthere is one nation that is control to public journalism, it’sthat journalists are members of the political community; citi-zens themselves, and not by standard to our public life. Asmembers, they may have a particular role to play; and to beindependent and trustworthy is certainly part of the role.Õ 4
A_©vr bZzb avivi msev`-c×wZ‡Z mvsevw`K‡`i n‡Z n‡e †Kv‡bv KwgDwbwUi
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Rbmvsevw`KZv‡K msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Qb Edmund B Lambeth:ÔRbmvsevw`KZv n‡jv MYgva¨‡gi †mB aib hv wbw ©ó K‡qKwU welq‡K
AbymÜv‡bi †Póv K‡i|Õ
5
Rbmvsevw`KZv n‡jvÑ
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N. Bmy¨ m¤ú‡K© mgm¨vµvšÍ‡`i g‡a¨ me©Rbxb aviYv ˆZwi Kiv|
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P. Bmy¨ mgvav‡bi †¶‡Î Rbgvby‡li Ávb e„w× Kiv|
ejv hvq, Rbmvavi‡Yi cÖZ¨¶ AskMÖn‡Yi wfwˇZ Zv‡`i mgm¨v AwZµg
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Rbmvsevw`KZvi cÖavb ˆewk‡ó¨i mÜvb †g‡j Arthur Charity-Gi
ÔJournalism ought to make it as easy as possible for citizensto make intelligent decisions about public affairs, and to getthem carried outÕ-6 GB Dw³wU‡Z| DwjøwLZ msÁv¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K
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cÖPwjZ avivi mvsevw`KZv‡K P¨v‡jÄ Rvwb‡q Rbmvsevw`KZvi Avwef©ve N‡U
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m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c e¨_©| Time Mirror cwÎKvi 1994 mv‡j cwiPvwjZ GK Rwi‡c
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7
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welqwU 1988 mv‡ji w`‡K G‡Kev‡i mvg‡b P‡j Av‡m hLb WitchitaEagle-Gi m¤úv`K †Wwfm †gwiK cÖ Íve K‡ib †h, Rbmvavi‡Yi Rxeb-
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8
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wbix¶v
to care little about what they do with it. Zvi g‡Zv A‡b‡KB g‡b
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9
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e ‘wbô mvsevw`KZv hLb evRvi A_©bxwZi hy‡M ûgwKi m¤§yLxb ZLb
mvsevw`KZv‡K A‡bKvs‡k cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Q evRvi mvsevw`KZv|
Ab¨w`‡K, Rbmvsevw`KZv n‡”Q e¯‘wbô mvsevw`KZv ev HwZn¨MZ
mvsevw`KZvi Z…Zxq ûgwK| gvwK©b gyjøy‡K Rbmvsevw`KZv 90-Gi `k‡K
mvsevw`KZvi bZzb aviv wn‡m‡e weKvk jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K e ‘wbô mvsevw`KZvi
wecixZ Ae¯’v‡b uvwo‡q| Rbmvsevw`KZv Z_¨ ev mZ¨ NUbvi ûeû eY©bvi
†P‡q Rb¯v_©‡K †ewk ¸iæZ¡ †`q| Avi GRb¨ †m wel‡q e¨vL¨v-we‡køl‡Yi
gva¨‡g Z_¨‡K Ggbfv‡e Dc ’vcb Kiv nq hv‡Z Kgy¨wbwUi ¯v_© iw¶Z nq
Ges Zv‡`i K_vi cÖwZdjb N‡U| GRb¨ AbymÜv‡bi Avkªq †bqv nq Ges cÖvq
†¶‡Î g~j¨‡eva I NUbvi †gvwUf‡K msev‡` ¯’vb †`qv nq|
mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡ji mvsevw`KZvq me©vwaK D‡cw¶Z n‡”Q cvVK| A_P
msev‡`i g~j j¶¨ cvVK I g~j †µZvI Zviv| GB cvVK cÖPwjZ wi‡cvwU©s‡q
_v‡K Abycw¯’Z| wfbœw`‡K Rbmvsevw`KZv mgm¨v I mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ RbgZ‡K
GKxf~Z K‡i| Rbmvsevw`KZv cÖPwjZ mvsevw`KZvq msev‡`i Drm wn‡m‡e
¯xK…Z Avgjv, ivRbxwZwe` I mgv‡Ri D”P cÖwZwbwai aviYvi evB‡i G‡m Drm
wn‡m‡e AšÍfy©³ K‡i RbMY‡K| mgm¨v †_‡K DËi‡Yi c_I †`wL‡q †`q bZzb
avivi G mvsevw`KZv | DwjøwLZ ¸Y¸‡jvi Kvi‡YB mvsevw`KZvi Awfbe aviv
wn‡m‡e BD‡ivc, Av‡gwiKvi cvkvcvwk Gwkqv‡ZI ïiæ n‡q‡Q Rbmvsevw`KZvi
PP©v|
ÔHwZnvwmK w`K †_‡K Rbmvsevw`KZvi weKv‡ki wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z
†M‡j e¯‘wbôZvi welqwU‡K Gwo‡q hvIqvi †Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB| wesk kZvãx‡Z
mvsevw`KZvi cÖvavb¨kxj aviv wn‡m‡e e¯‘wbôZvi Avwef©ve N‡U| †cwb †cÖ‡mi
cw_K…r †e‡bU I †eÄvwgb 1830 mv‡ji w`‡K ivR‰bwZK weZ‡K©i gva¨g †_‡K
mvsevw`KZv‡K mevi Kv‡Q Z_¨ I we‡bv`b †`evi gva¨‡g cwiYZ Kivi †Póv
K‡ib| w` mvb, w` †nivì I Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK cwÎKv G ai‡bi msev` cÖKvk
Ki‡Z _v‡K| G mgq †_‡KB msev‡`i †¶‡Î mg‡qvc‡hvwMZv, ˆbKU¨,
AwfbeZ¡, gvbweK Av‡e`b BZ¨vw` welq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q I‡V| AZtci cÖ_g
wek¦hy‡×i c‡i gvby‡li g‡a¨ Z_¨ I mZ¨ Rvbvi AvMÖn †e‡o hvq m¤úv`Kxq
gZvg‡Zi †P‡q|Õ
10
Ôobjectivity in journalism seems to havebeen destined to be more of a scapegoat than a belief andmore of an awkward defense than a forthright affirmation|Õ
11
GB weZK© †kl nqwb Av‡Rv| e¯‘wbô welqK weZ‡K©i Avov‡j
mvsevw`KZvi †¶‡Î ïiy n‡q‡Q bZzb bZzb avivi PP©v| Rbmvsevw`KZv Gme
aviv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Awfbe I mv¤cÖwZK|
Rbmvsevw`KZvi weeZ©b‡K mwVKfv‡e eyS‡Z n‡j wi‡cvwU©s‡qi
HwZn¨evnx aviv‡K msÁvwqZ Ki‡Z n‡e| wgKv‡qj ¯‹vWmb Zvi ‘PublicJournalism and its Problems’ cÖe‡Ü MYZ‡š¿i †¶‡Î wZbwU iƒcK‡íi
D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| iƒcKí wZbwU Rbmvsevw`KZvi weeZ©b‡K ¯úófv‡e eyS‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡i| iƒcKí wZbwU n‡”QÑ
K. evRvi iƒcKí
L. A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm iƒcKí
M. Uªvw÷ iƒcKí|
evRvi iƒcK‡íi †¶‡Î mvsevw`Kiv †m ai‡bi msev`B mieivn K‡i hv
RbM‡Yi cQ›`| `k©K, †kªvZv A_ev wbw ©ó MÖvnK A_©vr weÁvcb`vZv hv‡`i‡KB
mvsevw`Kiv wPwýZ K‡ib msev` wbg©vY, m¤úv`Kxq Ges gZvgZ Qvcv‡bv nq
Zv‡`i‡K mvg‡b †i‡LB| mvsevw`KZvi G ai‡bi iƒcKí bxwZ‡evam¤úbœ
GKRb mvsevw`‡Ki Rb¨ Aek¨ †egvbvb| BD‡ivc I j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKvmn
c„w_exi A‡bK †`‡kB mvsevw`KZvi A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm iƒcKí Abym„Z n‡Z _v‡K|
mvsevw`Kiv G †cÖ¶vc‡U †h wi‡cvU© K‡ib Zv ivR‰bwZK I mvgvwRK wel‡q
Zv‡`i wbR¯ Av`‡k©i AbyKi‡Y c¶cvZ yó | Zviv G‡¶‡Î Rbg‡b wb‡R‡`i
D‡Ïk¨ Ggbfv‡e Dc ’vcb K‡i hv‡Z K‡i Zv‡`i D‡Ïk¨ PwiZv_© nq| GKRb
cvVK hw` GB A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm iƒcKí Abyhvqx msev` cvV K‡i Z‡e †m NUbvi
c~Y© I e ‘wbô Z_¨ AeMZ n‡e| gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª iƒcKíwU Pvjy _vK‡jI Uªvw÷
iƒcK‡íi Kv‡Q wesk kZvãxi gvSvgvwS civRq †g‡b †bq| RvqMv `Lj K‡i
†bqv Uªvw÷ iƒcKí Abyhvqx mvsevw`Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K‡K mwµq bvMwi‡K cwiYZ
K‡iÑ RbMY hv Rvb‡Z Pvq †mUv Rvbv‡bvi gva¨‡g |
DwjøwLZ iƒcKí¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, Av‡jvP¨ Uªvw÷
iƒcK‡íi ms‡hvRbB n‡”Q Rbmvsevw`KZv| RbMY‡K Z_¨ Rvbv‡bvi wel‡q
mvsevw`Kiv G‡¶‡Î cvjb K‡i mwµq f~wgKv| Rbmvsevw`KZvq RbMY‡K hv
cÖfvweZ K‡i †mUv n‡”Q Kx Ges Kxfv‡e wi‡cvU© Kiv nq| Rbmvsevw`KZvi
D‡b¥l n‡q‡Q †Kv‡bv G‡RÛv ˆZwi K‡i Kgy¨wbwU‡K †mB G‡RÛv ev¯Íevq‡b
DØy× Kivi gvb‡m|
54
Rbmvsevw`KZvi iƒcKí AbymÜvb Ki‡Z †M‡j Rbmvsevw`KZvi cvkvcvwk
wgwWqv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm‡KI ey‡S wb‡Z n‡e| †hvMv‡hvM c×wZ‡Z Avwe®K…Z
bZzb g‡Wj¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wgwWqv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i|
msev`cÎ ev mvsevw`KZvi BwZnv‡m Rbmvsevw`KZvi aviYv bZzb bq,
cÖvPxb| Z‡e wgwWqv G¨vW‡fv‡Kwm be Avwe®K…Z aviYv| Aaybv Avwe®K…Z
wgwWqv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm aviYvi BwZevPK cÖfve c‡o‡Q Rbmvsevw`KZvq|
Rbmvsevw`KZvi aviYvq †hvM n‡q‡Q bZzb gvÎv
wbix¶v
cwðgv we‡k¦ Rbmvsevw`KZvi Ae¯’vb
BwZnv‡mi Awbevh© cÖwµqv wn‡m‡eB Rbmvsevw`KZv cÖwZôv jvf K‡i‡Q|
BD‡ivc I Av‡gwiKv we‡kl K‡i gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª B‡Zvg‡a¨ G ai‡bi
mvsevw`KZvi Abykxjb ïiæ n‡q‡Q| Rbmvsevw`KZvi welqwU µ‡g µ‡g
mvsevw`KZvi GKwU bZzb aviv wn‡m‡e gvwK©b gyjøy‡K cÖwZwôZ n‡”Q| bZzb
avivi mvsevw`KZvi Abykxjb ïiæ n‡q‡Q Drm, ¯’vb, msev`-KvVv‡gv BZ¨vw`
MZvbyMwZK I avivevwnK c¶cvwZZ¡‡K AwZµg K‡i; mvsevw`KZv †ckvi
gnË¡ `vwe K‡i| Z_¨ Rvbv‡bvi gva¨‡g Rbgvby‡li †mevB G †ckvi cÖavb
j¶¨| wKš‘ msev` evRvi-A_©bxwZi hy‡M cwiYZ n‡q‡Q c‡Y¨| msev` ˆZwi
n‡”Q weÁvcb`vZvi B”Qv I ¯v_©‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q| cvVK-`k©K-†kªvZvi welqwU
msev` Dc ’vcb ev msev` msMÖ‡ni mgq †_‡K hv‡”Q D‡cw¶Z| Avi mZ¨‡K
Ae‡njv K‡i mgv‡R D”P‡kªwYi ¯v_©‡K i¶vi Ac‡Póv Pj‡Q e¯‘wbôZvi ayqv
Zz‡j| msev‡`i †¶‡Î cÖK…Z `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨‡K Ae‡njv Ki‡Qb mvsevw`Kiv|
GB cÖwZeÜKZv ~i K‡i `k©K-†kªvZv-cvV‡Ki welqwU‡K we‡ePbvq G‡b Zv‡`i
mvgwMÖK Dbœqb Z_v me©cÖKvi Kg©Kv‡Ð Zv‡`i mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY wbwðZ
Kivi j‡¶¨ gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª ¯’vbxqfv‡e Rbmvsevw`KZvi PP©v ïiæ n‡q‡Q|
1990 mv‡ji w`‡K N‡U G avivi mvsevw`KZvi weKvk| †Kej cÖK…Z Z_¨
Dc ’vc‡bi g‡a¨B mxwgZ bv †_‡K NUbv Kx, †Kb NUj, Kxfv‡e NUj, NUbvwU
Rbm¤úwK©Z wK-bv, RbM‡Yi AskMÖnY Kxfv‡e wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e Ges
RbMY‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i NUbv †_‡K cwiÎvY cvIqvi Dcvq †ei Kivi cÖej
cÖ‡Póv j¶ Kiv hvq Rbmvsevw`KZvq| GK_v ejv hv‡e bv †h, gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª
G avivi mvsevw`KZvi e¨vcK weKvk ïiæ n‡q‡Q | Aek¨ †mLvbKvi ’vbxq
msev`cθ‡jv Kgy¨wbwU ¯v_©‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q RbMY‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i Kxfv‡e
wewfbœ ¯’vbxq mgm¨v mgvavb Kiv hvq †m wel‡q wi‡cvU© K‡i hv‡”Q cÖwZwbqZB|
cÖ_g we‡k¦i cvkvcvwk Z…Zxq we‡k¦i Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡QI bZzb g‡Wj wn‡m‡e
Avwef~©Z n‡q‡Q Rbmvsevw`KZv |
evsjv‡`‡k Rbmvsevw`KZvi Ae¯’vb
evsjv‡`‡k G avivi mvsevw`KZvi weKvk m¤ú‡K© ejv hvq, GL‡bv Gi †Zgb
†Kv‡bv cÖvwZôvwbK KvVv‡gv uvovqwb| GLvbKvi MYgva¨g¸‡jv wi‡cvwU©s‡qi
†¶‡Î GL‡bv ch©šÍ wKQy c¶cvwZZ¡ K‡i| wi‡cvwU©s‡qi †¶‡Î G‡`‡k Drm,
¯’vb, NUbv, msev`-KvVv‡gv BZ¨vw`i c¶cvwZZ¡ i‡q‡Q| A_P G‡`‡ki
AwaKvsk gvbyl cÖvwšÍKÑ hv‡`i Dbœqb Qvov †`‡ki cÖK…Z Dbœqb Am¤¢e|
†`‡ki mvgwMÖK Dbœqb †Kej ZLbB m¤¢e n‡e hLb Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ð Zv‡`i
mwµq AskMÖnY‡K wbwðZ Kiv hv‡e| Avi G‡¶‡Î MYgva¨‡gi i‡q‡Q wekvj
f~wgKv| Rbm¤ú„³Zvi cÖm½ DV‡j Rbmvsevw`KZvi welqwU mvg‡b P‡j Av‡m
Awbevh©fv‡e| hw`I Rbm¤ú„³ wel‡q evsjv‡`‡ki wKQy ˆ`wbK cÎ-cwÎKv
wewfbœ cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk Ki‡Q| Z‡e wbweo ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡j †`Lv hvqÑ
cÖKvwkZ cÖwZ‡e`‡b KLbI Dbœqbg~jK ev KLbI †Kv‡bv e¨w³i mvd‡j¨i welq
D‡V Av‡m| Aek¨ cwÎKv¸‡jv KL‡bv KL‡bv c¶cvZgy³ cÖwZ‡e`bI cÖKvk
K‡i| Z‡e GL‡bv cÖwZ‡e`b¸‡jv nq cÖPwjZ KvVv‡gv AbymiY K‡i| GL‡bv
evsjv‡`‡ki MYgva¨‡g msev`-cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Kiv nq †Kv‡bv NUbv N‡U
hvIqvi ci, hvi Av`j A‡bKUvB e ‘wbô| †Kv‡bv NUbv msNwUZ nIqvi c~‡e©
ev †h mgm¨v‡K †K›`ª K‡i NUbvwU msNwUZ n‡jv, RbmvaviY‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i
Kxfv‡e NUbvwUi mgvavb Kiv hvqÑ msev`c‡Î G wel‡q †Zgb D‡jøL‡hvM¨
†Kv‡bv w`K-wb‡`©kbv _v‡K bv| MÖvgcÖavb GB †`‡ki G‡KK A‡j i‡q‡Q
G‡KK mgm¨v| Avgv‡`i MYZ‡š¿i fwel¨r I †`‡ki Dbœqb Gme mgm¨v
mgvav‡bi Ici A‡bKvs‡k wbf©ikxj| A_P Avgv‡`i †`‡ki mvsevw`KZvq
cÖvwšÍK wel‡q cÖwZ‡e`b Kivi cÖeYZv Kg| cÖvšÍeZ©x gvbyl‡`i mgm¨vq Zv‡`i
wb‡qvwRZ K‡i, Kxfv‡e mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv hvq †m wel‡q „wó wbe× K‡i
cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi KivB Rbmvsevw`KZvi g~j KvR|
hLb msev`cÎ wKsev †ckv wn‡m‡e mvsevw`KZvi aviYvB wQj bv ZLbI
MÖvgxY gvby‡li Z_¨ Pvwn`v wQj| MÖvg-evsjvi †jvKK_v, auvav, cÖev`-cÖePb,
†jvKmsMxZ, Drme-Av‡qvRb gvbyl‡K Z‡_¨i †hvMvb w`Z| G¸‡jvB
mvsevw`KZvi Avw`iƒc| wKš‘ AvaywbKvqb cÖwµqv ïiæ nIqvq cy‡iv‡bv gva¨g
¸iæZ¡ nviv‡Z _v‡K| cwðgvKiY ev AvaywbKxKi‡Yi gyL¨ cÖevnK wn‡m‡e
MYgva¨g Ges †ckv`vwi mvsevw`KZv †jvKvqZ gva¨‡gi RvqMv `Lj K‡i‡Q|
†h‡nZz evsjv‡`‡ki †ewki fvM AÂjB MÖvg; myZivs Rbmvsevw`KZvi PP©v
Ki‡Z n‡j MÖvgxY mvsevw`KZv Riæwi|
Rbmvsevw`KZv ev KwgDwbwU Rvb©vwjR‡gi aviYvi mv‡_ wgwWqv
A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi aviYvi i‡q‡Q wbweo †hvMv‡hvM| cvi¯úwiK wbweo
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi Kvi‡YB Rbmvsevw`KZvi iƒcKí AbymÜvb Ki‡Z †M‡j
Rbmvsevw`KZvi cvkvcvwk wgwWqv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm‡KI ey‡S wb‡Z n‡e|
†hvMv‡hvM c×wZ‡Z Avwe®K…Z bZzb g‡Wj¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wgwWqv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm
me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i| msev`cÎ ev mvsevw`KZvi BwZnv‡m
Rbmvsevw`KZvi aviYv bZzb bq, cÖvPxb| Z‡e wgwWqv G¨vW‡fv‡Kwm be
Avwe®K…Z aviYv| Aaybv Avwe®K…Z wgwWqv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm aviYvi BwZevPK
cÖfve c‡o‡Q Rbmvsevw`KZvq| Rbmvsevw`KZvi aviYvq †hvM n‡q‡Q bZzb
gvÎv| Gi PwiÎ, MwZ-cÖK…wZ, aib, j¶¨ cÖf„wZi N‡U‡Q Avg~j cwieZ©b| Avi
ZvB wbwðZ K‡iB Rb¥Kv‡ji iƒcK‡í AvU‡K _v‡Kwb Rbmvsevw`KZv| evwK
Avi me cwieZ©bkxj wel‡qi g‡Zv cv‡ë cv‡ë †M‡Q Zvi g‡Wj|
mvsevw`KZvi bZzb bZzb aviYv ev gZev` (ism)-Gi cÖfv‡e Rbmvsevw`KZvi
g‡W‡j N‡U‡Q cybt cybt cwieZ©b|
ïay †h wgwWqv A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi g‡Zv BwZevPK cÖfve‡Ki Kvi‡Y
Rbmvsevw`KZvi bZzb iƒcK‡íi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o Zv bq, mvsevw`KZvi †¶‡Î
we`¨gvb wKQz †bwZevPK cÖfve †_‡K gy³ nIqvi j‡¶¨I Kvh©Ki iƒcKí wbg©vY
Acwinvh©| cyuwR, bMi‡Kw›`ªK msev`, ga¨weË †kªwYi Pvwn`v, ivR‰bwZK D‡Ïk¨
cÖf„wZi cÖwZ mv¤cÖwZK mg‡qi msev`c‡Îi †SuvK ¯úó| G¸‡jv
Rbmvsevw`KZvi c‡¶ AbwZµg¨ cÖwZc¶| Gme cÖwZc¶‡K wbR kw³‡Z
AwZµg Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j Rbmvsevw`KZv Zvi cÖK…Z c_ I MwZ y‡UvB nviv‡e|
h_vh_fv‡e cÖwZc¶‡K †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ Rbmvsevw`KZvi GKwU wbw ©ó
iƒcKí _vKv `iKvi|
mvsevw`KZvi mv¤cÖwZK cÖeYZv
†h †Kv‡b †`‡ki MYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’v‡K mymsnZ I me©‡Zvfv‡e mdj Kivi Rb¨
†m †`‡ki mKj †kªwYi gvby‡li g‡a¨ msev` Z_v Z‡_¨i mgeÈb cÖ‡qvRb|
kni, gd¯j, MÖvg wbwe©‡k‡l mKj A‡ji gvbyl‡`i‡K †hgb mgvbfv‡e
msev` Rvbv‡bv Riæwi, †Zgwb Zv‡`i ¯v_©mswkøó msev‡`i Dc¯’vcbI nIqv
DwPZ mvg¨bxwZi wfwˇZ| msev`c·K mgv‡Ri m`m¨‡`i gZ wewbgq I
Awfbœ msK‡Ui welq¸‡jv Av‡jvPbvi †¶Î wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| mgv‡Ri me
As‡ki mgvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ bMi I gd¯j ev MÖv‡gi msev` Av‡ivnb I
Dc ’vcb cÖwµqv‡K Ki‡Z n‡e ˆelg¨nxb| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡k mvsevw`KZv Z_v
msev`c‡Îi D‡¤§lKvj †_‡KB GB kZ©wU Ae‡nwjZ| Rbmvsevw`KZv ïiæ
†_‡KB evsjv‡`‡k D‡cw¶Z| Rbmvsevw`KZvi mv¤úªwZK mgq¸‡jvi wPÎI
myLKi ev AvkvcÖ †Kv‡bvUvB bq|
evsjv‡`‡ki msev`c‡Î bM‡ii AvwacZ¨ j¶Yxq| cÖvq me RvZxq Avi
AvÂwjK ˆ`wbK, mvßvwnK, cvw¶K, gvwmK ev Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv Pwi‡Îi cwÎKvB
cÖKvwkZ nq bMi †_‡K| GLbKvi msev`cθ‡jvi cÖKvkK weËkvjx bvMwiK|
msev‡`i Uv‡M©U MÖæcI bM‡ii evwm›`v| Avi ev ÍeZv n‡jv Avgv‡`i
msev`c‡Îi wmsnfvM cvVK kû‡i| G Kvi‡Y kni Avi kû‡i‡`i LeivLei
mKj ai‡bi cwÎKvq wbi¼zk AvwacZ¨ we¯Ívi K‡i‡Q| A_P GL‡bv †ewki fvM
gvby‡li evm bM‡ii evB‡i Avi RvZxq Av‡qi wekvj As‡kB i‡q‡Q Mªv‡gi
gvbyl‡`i mwµq AskMÖnY I Ae`vb| msev`cθ‡jv‡Z cÖZ¨šÍ AÂj Avi
cÖvwšÍK gvby‡li Dcw ’wZ cª‡qvRb Avi ¸iæ‡Z¡i Zzjbvq GKev‡iB bMY¨|
mv¤úªwZK eQi¸‡jv‡Z mKj msev`c‡Îi K‡jei †e‡o‡Q we¤§qKifv‡e|
eªWwk‡U AvUvk c„ôvi RvZxq ˆ`wbKI †ei懔Q| cwÎKvi c„ôvmsL¨v evovi
Zzjbvq Rbmvsevw`KZvi msL¨v ev‡owb| g~jZ cwÎKvi cÖKvkK-m¤úv`Kiv
weÁvcb Avi bvMwiK Pvwn`vi K_v gv_vq †i‡L cwÎKvi K‡jei evovb|
GLb ch©šÍ msev`gva¨‡g MÖvgxY wbgœwe‡Ëi †gŠwjK Pvwn`vi †P‡q kn‡ii
ga¨weË I D”Pwe‡Ëi †MŠY cÖ‡qvRb †ewk g‡bv‡hvM cvq|
cÖvq me †kªwYi me cwÎKvB kû‡i †kªwYi d¨vkb, Lvevi, we‡bv`b,
†Ljvayjv cÖf„wZi Rb¨ Avjv`v K‡i we‡kl wdPvi I cÖwZ‡e`b cÖf„wZ ai‡bi
msev` cwi‡ekb K‡i| ¶z ª kû‡i †kªwYi Zzjbvq wekvj cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi
Lv`¨, e ¿, evm ’vb, wk¶v, ¯v‡ ’ i g‡Zv †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi e¨_©Zv‡K
cwÎKv¸‡jv KgB ¸iæZ¡ †`q| cÖvwšÍK gvbyl‡`i †h K‡qKwU nv‡Z‡Mvbv msev`
cwÎKvq ¯’vb cvq Zvi g‡a¨ Lyb, ivnvRvwb, al©Y, wbhv©Zb cÖf„wZi g‡Zv yN©Ubvi
AvwaK¨ me© vB j¶Yxq| mv¤cÖwZK mg‡qI GB wP‡Îi †Zgb †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b
†`Lv hvqwb| MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡`i Av‡iv A‡bK mgm¨vB †_‡K hvq AšÍiv‡j|
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e`‡j †djv bq eis cwiewZ©Z mg‡qi mv‡_ †m¸‡jv‡K Lvc LvIqv‡bvi
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Dc‡hvMx K‡i †Zvjv|
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56
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cÖPwjZ mvsevw`KZv I msev`c‡Îi MwZwPÎ| GB MwZwP‡Î Rbmvsevw`KZvi
Dcw¯’wZ I aviv Aby‡jøL¨ I ¶xY| evsjv‡`‡k MYgva¨‡gi Kg©Kvи‡jvi
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cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Z cv‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki †ewki fvM gvbyl evm K‡i MÖv‡g| d‡j
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12
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cwiewZ©Z mgvR KvVv‡gvi Lei RbMY‡K Rvbv‡bv
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ms¯‹…wZ, g~j¨‡eva, mvgvwRK ixwZbxwZi e¨vcK weeZ©b N‡U‡Q| Gme
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mvgvwRK b¨vq wePv‡ii Afve wewfbœ mgm¨v ~i Ki‡Z cwiewZ©Z eZ©gvb
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Z_¨m~Î
1. Kvgiyj nvmvb gÄy, cÖvšÍRb, msL¨v 1, GgGgwm, XvKv, b‡f¤i 2001, c„. 51|
2. Sally J MacMillan et al. (1988), Public Journalism, WhatDifference Does It Make to Editorial Content in AssessingPublic Journalism, eds. Edmund B, Lambeth, Phillip E, Meyerand Esther Thorson, Columbia University of Missourl Press,USA.
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11. Schudson, Michael (1990), Origins of the Ideal of Objectivityin the Professions: Studies in the History of AmericanJournalism and American Law, 18-30-1940, GarlandPublishing.
12. eMg myivBqv Dwg© I mgy ª¸ß, ¯’vbxq mvsevw`KZv mgm¨vi Av‡jv‡K w`Kwb‡`©kbv,
g¨vmjvBb wgwWqv †m›Uvi, XvKv, 2002, c„. 3|
13. The Media’s Role in Curbing Corruption: htp:\\www.world-bank.org
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2015)
`xß wUwfÕi D‡Øvab
†`‡ki 26Zg wUwf P¨v‡bj `xß wUwfÕi D‡Øvab
Ki‡jb Z_¨gš¿x nvmvbyj nK Bby| MZ 18B
b‡f¤i i¨vwWmb eøy IqvUvi Mv‡W©‡bi Drme
n‡j D‡Øvab Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq|
Abyôv‡b ¯vMZ e³e¨ †`b `xß wUwfÕi
cÖavb wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v KvRx Didx Avng`|
e³e¨ iv‡Lb cwiPvjK KvRx Rvwn` nvmvb|
cÖavb AwZw_i e³‡e¨ Z_¨gš¿x nvmvbyj nK Bby
e‡jb, AvMvgx‡Z `xß wUwf gvby‡li g‡bi
AvKv‡k `xwß Qov‡e- Ggb AvkvB KiwQ|
(m~Î: cÖ_g Av‡jv, 19†k b‡f¤i 2015)
evsjv‡`k Avðh© MwZkxj †`k
mZ¨ I e¯‘wbô Z_¨B
mvsevw`KZvi wfwË
mZ¨ KL‡bv gayi, KL‡bv wbôzi, ZviciI mZ¨
e¯‘wbô| e¯‘wbô Z_¨B mwZ¨Kv‡ii
mvsevw`KZvi g~j wfwË| †hLv‡b mZ¨ †bB,
Z‡_¨i wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv †bB, †mLv‡b
mvsevw`KZvI _v‡K bv| K_v¸‡jv cÖL¨vZ
weªwUk mvsevw`K Rb †mœvÕi| P¨v‡bj †dv‡ii
msev` Dc¯’vcK Rb †mœv MZ 25†k b‡f¤i
BDwbfvwm©wU Ae wjev‡ij AvU©m evsjv‡`k
(BDj¨ve)-Gi wgjbvqZ‡b Av‡qvwRZ GKK
e³…Zvq GK_v e‡jb|
wZwb AviI e‡jb, `~i †_‡K wZwb
Rvb‡Zb evsjv‡`k GKwU `wi`ª †`k| wKš‘
wb‡Ri †Pv‡L †`‡L †M‡jb †h, evsjv‡`k
Avðh© MwZkxj GK †`k, †hLv‡b gvbyl
`vwi`ª ‡K †cQ‡b †d‡j ªæZ GwM‡q Pj‡Q|
Abyôv‡b mvsevw`K Rb †mœvÕi †MŠiegq
Aa¨vq Zz‡j a‡i e³e¨ iv‡Lb BDj¨v‡ei †evW©
Ae Uªvw÷i fvBm †cÖwm‡W›U W. KvRx Avwbm
Avn‡g`| (m~Î: mgKvj, 26†k b‡f¤^i
2015)
mvsevw`K †Zvqve LvbÕ‡K
AvRxeb m¤§vbbv
†`‡k mvsevw`KZv †ckvi gv‡bvbœq‡b Abb¨
Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ ÔAvZvDm mvgv` ¯§viK Uªv÷Õ
wewkó mvsevw`K †Zvqve LvbÕ‡K AvRxeb
m¤§vbbv cÖ vb K‡i‡Q| MZ 22†k b‡f¤i XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK †gvRvddi Avn‡g`
†PŠayix wgjbvqZ‡b Av‡qvwRZ Abyôv‡b Zuv‡K
G m¤§vbbv cÖ vb Kiv nq|
Abyôv‡b cÖavb AwZw_ wn‡m‡e Dcw ’Z
†_‡K G m¤§vbbv I e„wË cÖ vb K‡ib XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh© Aa¨vcK W. Av Av g m
Av‡iwdb wmwÏK| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
MY‡hvMv‡hvM I mvsevw`KZv wefvM G
Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡i|
XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †Kvlva¨ÿ Aa¨vcK
W. †gv. Kvgvj DÏx‡bi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ Abyôv‡b
we‡kl AwZw_ wn‡m‡e e³e¨ iv‡Lb
MY‡hvMv‡hvM I mvsevw`KZv wefv‡Mi
†Pqvig¨vb Aa¨vcK gwdRyi ingvb| Abyôv‡b
ÔAvZvDm mvgv`: GK KxwZ©gvb mvsevw`KÕ
kxl©K ¯§viK e³…Zv †`b wcAvBweÕi mv‡eK
gnvcwiPvjK Aa¨vcK W. †kL Ave`ym
mvjvg|
Abyôv‡b 2015 mv‡ji mœvZK m¤§vb
cixÿvq AmvaviY K…wZ‡Z¡i ¯xK…wZ¯iƒc XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi MY‡hvMv‡hvM I mvsevw`KZv
wefv‡Mi cuvP †gavex wkÿv_©x‡K ÔAvZvDm
mvgv` ¯§viK e„wËÕ cÖ vb Kiv nq| (m~Î:
mgKvj, 23†k b‡f¤i 2015)
msev`Y gv a¨ gM
59
e¯‘wbô mvsevw`KZvi gva¨‡g RvwZ‡K
GwM‡q wbb: w¯úKvi
w¯úKvi W. wkixb kviwgb †PŠayix e ‘wbô mvsevw`KZv I wbi‡cÿ Z_¨ cwi‡ek‡bi gva¨‡g †`k
I RvwZ‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z msev`Kg©x‡`i cÖwZ Avnevb Rvwb‡q‡Qb| MZ 13B b‡f¤i RvZxq †cÖm
K¬ve wgjbvqZ‡b evsjv‡`k †dWv‡ij mvsevw`K BDwbq‡bi (GKvs‡ki) wØ-evwl©K m‡¤§j‡bi
D‡Øvabx Abyôv‡b cÖavb AwZw_i e³…Zvq w¯úKvi G Avnevb Rvbvb|
w¯úKvi e‡jb, ïay wefvMxq ev †Rjv kni¸‡jv‡ZB bq, eis Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q I cÖZ¨šÍ A‡jI
mvsevw`Kiv KvR K‡i hv‡”Qb| G mvsevw`Kiv hv‡Z †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ myôzfv‡e m¤úv`b Ki‡Z
cv‡ib Zvi Rb¨ Z_¨cÖhyw³ myweav wbwðZ Kivmn †`‡k-we‡`‡k Zv‡`i R‡b¨ cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v
Ki‡Z n‡e| weGdBD‡RÕi mfvcwZ gbRyiæj Avnmvb eyjey‡ji mfvcwZ‡Z¡ Abyôv‡b Ab¨v‡b¨i
g‡a¨ cÖavbgš¿xi Z_¨ Dc‡`óv BKevj †mvenvb †PŠayix Ges weGdBD‡RÕi gnvmwPe Ave yj
Rwjj f~uBqv e³e¨ iv‡Lb| evsjv‡`k msev` ms¯’vi e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`,
wcAvBweÕi gnvcwiPvjK †gv. kvn AvjgMxi Ges RvZxq †cÖm K¬v‡ei mfvcwZ kwdKzi ingvb
Abyôv‡b Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| (m~Î: B‡ËdvK, 14B b‡f¤i 2015)
wWAviBD †e÷ wi‡cvwU©s A¨vIqvW© 2015
XvKv wi‡cvU©vm© BDwbwU (wWAviBD)-Gi †e÷ wi‡cvwU©s A¨vIqvW© 2015
†c‡jb 27 Rb mvsevw`K| MZ 19†k b‡f¤i ivRavbxi wkíKjv
GKv‡WwgÕi RvZxq bvU¨kvjv wgjbvqZ‡b cÖavb AwZw_ wn‡m‡e weRqx
cÖwZ‡e`K‡`i nv‡Z cyi¯‹vi Zz‡j †`b Z_¨gš¿x nvmvbyj nK Bby|
wWAviBD mfvcwZ mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb ev`kvi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ Abyôv‡b
e³…Zv K‡ib Rywi †ev‡W©i †Pqvig¨vb kvnRvnvb mi`vi, wWAviBD
mvaviY m¤úv`K Bwjqvm †nv‡mb, mn-mfvcwZ iwdKzj Bmjvg AvRv`,
mvsMVwbK m¤úv`K wiqvR †PŠayix cÖgyL|
Abyôv‡b 25wU wel‡q 27 Rb cÖwZ‡e`‡Ki cÖ‡Z¨K‡K 50 nvRvi
UvKvi g~j¨gv‡bi †PK, †µ÷ I mvwU©wd‡KU cÖ vb Kiv nq| msev`c‡Îi
13wU wel‡q cyi¯‹vi cÖvß mvsevw`Kiv n‡jb: mgKv‡ji Avey mv‡jn iwb,
XvKv wUªweDb-Gi †Rey‡bœQv Av‡jv, †WBwj ÷v‡ii †nwjgyj Avjg wecøe,
†WBwj AeRvifv‡ii cyjK NUK, w` BbwW‡c‡Û‡›Ui Zv‡iK †gviZvRv,
†WBwj ÷v‡ii wcbvKx ivq, †WBwj ÷v‡ii cwigj cvjgv, BbwKjv‡ei
kvgxg †PŠayix, wbDG‡Ri Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg, bqvw`M‡šÍi †g‡n`x nvmvb,
wbDG‡Ri †gv. gwbiæ¾vgvb, cÖ_g Av‡jvÕi kwidz¾vgvb wc›Uz I †WBwj
÷v‡ii †mv‡nj cvi‡fR|
†Uwjwfkb wi‡cvwU©s‡q (AvUwU wel‡q) cyi¯‹vi †c‡q‡Qb P¨v‡bj
AvB‡qi RvbœvZzj ev‡Kqv †KKv, P¨v‡bj 24-Gi Ave yj KvBDg Zzwnb,
GbwUwfÕi gvngy`yj nvmvb, gvQivOv wUwfÕi e`iæ‡ÏvRv evey,
BbwW‡c‡Û›U wUwfÕi kv‡n` wmwÏKx, AviwUwfÕi Avj Avwgb Lvb, hgybv
wUwfÕi gvndzRyi ingvb, GbwUwfÕi †ivKb DwÏb|
AbjvBb wi‡cvwU©s‡q cyi¯‹vi †c‡q‡Qb evsjv †gBj 24WUK‡gi
`xcb b›`x I Rv‡Mv wbDR 24WUK‡gi gwbiæ¾vgvb D¾¡j (†hŠ_),
evsjvwbDR24WUK‡gi ingvb gvmy` Ges iwdKzj Bmjvg wg›Uz| GQvov
†iwWI wi‡cvwU©s‡q †hŠ_fv‡e cyi¯‹vi †c‡q‡Qb Gwewm †iwWIÕi †ZŠwn`yj
Bmjvg I wewewm evsjvÕi Avnvivi †nv‡mb| (m~Î: mgKvj, 20†k
b‡f¤i 2015)
RvZxq †cÖm K¬v‡ei cÖwZôvevwl©Kx
28†k A‡±vei cvwjZ nq RvZxq †cÖm K¬v‡ei 61Zg cÖwZôvevwl©Kx| G
Dcj‡ÿ RvZxq †cÖm K¬ve‡K mvRv‡bv nq ewY©j mv‡R| w`bfi bvbv
Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g K¬v‡ei m`m¨iv w`bwU D`hvcb K‡ib| mܨvq †KK
†K‡U Abyôv‡bi D‡Øvab K‡ib RvZxq †cÖm K¬v‡ei mv‡eK mfvcwZ
cwi‡ek I ebgš¿x Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb gÄy| G mgq Ab¨v‡b¨i g‡a¨
Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb wcAvBwe cwiPvjbv †ev‡W©i †Pqvig¨vb I mgKvj
m¤úv`K †Mvjvg mviIqvi, K¬v‡ei mfvcwZ kwdKzi ingvb, mvaviY
m¤úv`K Kvgiæj Bmjvg †PŠayix, PÆMÖvg wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi †gqi Av
R g bvwmi DÏxb, cÖexY mvsevw`K nvmvb kvnwiqvi I mvsevw`K ¯cb
mvnv| (m~Î: cÖ_g Av‡jv, 30†k A‡±vei 2015)
wUAvBweÕi cyi¯‹vi †c‡jb cuvP mvsevw`K
`yb©xwZwe‡ivax cÖwZôvb UªvÝcv‡iwÝ B›Uvib¨vkbvj evsjv‡`k (wUAvBwe)
Av‡qvwRZ Ômykvmb I MYgva¨gÕ welqK GK Av‡jvPbv Abyôvb MZ 5B
wW‡m¤i avbgwÐi gvBWvm †m›Uv‡i AbywôZ nq| Abyôv‡b AbymÜvbx
mvsevw`KZvi Rb¨ PviRb mvsevw`K‡K Ges Rjevqy cwieZ©b wel‡q
we‡kl cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Rb¨ GKRb mvsevw`K‡K cyi¯‹vi cÖ vb Kiv nq|
AbymÜvbx mvsevw`KZvq cÖ_g Av‡jvÕi †ivwRbv Bmjvg, hgybv wUwfÕi
wgRvb gvwjK I mv¾v` cvi‡fR Ges Rjevqy welqK we‡kl
cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Rb¨ cyi¯‹vi †c‡q‡Qb P¨v‡bj †Uv‡qw›U‡dv‡ii wR Gg
gy ÍvwdRyj Avjg| GQvov, wi‡cv‡U© mnvqZvi Rb¨ hgybv wUwfÕi wfwWI
wPÎMÖvnK KvRx †gvnv¤§` BmgvBj Ges Rvnv½xi Avjg iZb‡K m¤§vbbv
†`qv nq|
wUAvBweÕi †evW© Ae Uªvw÷‡Ri m`m¨ W. AvKei Avwj Lv‡bi
mfvcwZ‡Z¡ Av‡jvPbv mfvq cÖavb AwZw_ wQ‡jb cÖavbgš¿xi AvšÍR©vwZK
m¤úK© welqK Dc‡`óv W. MIni wiRfx| Av‡jvPbvq Ask †bb XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK Aa¨vcK W. MxwZ Aviv bvmwib, Rvnv½xibMi
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK W. w`jviv †PŠayix, wgwWqv e¨w³Z¡ gynv¤§` Rvnv½xi
cÖgyL| Av‡jvPbvq g~j cÖeÜ Dc¯’vcb K‡ib GKz‡k wUwfÕi GwWUi-Bb-
wPd I cÖavb wbe©vnx gbRyiæj Avnmvb eyjeyj| (m~Î: mgKvj, 6B
wW‡m¤i 2015)
kvBL wmivR †c‡jb ¸wm kvwšÍ cyi¯‹vi
MYgva¨g e¨w³Z¡ kvBL wmivR G eQ‡ii Ô¸wm kvwšÍ cyi¯‹viÕ †c‡q‡Qb|
MZ 25†k b‡f¤i g¨vwbjvq wdwjwcbm B›Uvib¨vkbvj Kb‡fbkb
†m›Uv‡i kvBL wmiv‡Ri nv‡Z G cyi¯‹vi Zz‡j †`b g¨vwbjv-wfwËK
`vZe¨ cÖwZôvb ¸wm dvD‡Ûk‡bi †Pqvig¨vb e¨vwi Gm ¸wm| wØZxq
wek¦hy‡× wdwjwcb‡mi Amvgvb¨ exi †R‡gwbqv‡bv RvwO‡qi ¸wmÕi bv‡g
cÖewZ©Z G c`K cÖwZeQi cÖ vb Kiv nq| (m~Î: cÖ_g Av‡jv, 28†k
b‡f¤i 2015)
weGdBD‡RÕi GKvs‡ki wbe©vPb
evsjv‡`k †dWv‡ij mvsevw`K BDwbq‡bi (weGdBD‡R) GKvs‡ki
wbe©vP‡b AvjZvd gvngy` mfvcwZ I Igi dviæK gnvmwPe wbe©vwPZ
n‡q‡Qb| MZ 28†k b‡f¤i RvZxq †cÖm K¬v‡e GB wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq|
wbe©vwPZ Ab¨ m`m¨iv n‡jb mn-mfvcwZ RbK‡Éi Rvdi
Iqv‡R`, hyM¥-gnvmwPe †WBwj AeRvifv‡ii Awgq NUK cyjK I
†Kvlva¨ÿ c‡` evm‡mi gaym~`b gÐj| GQvov wbe©vnx cwil‡`i Pvi
m`m¨ c‡` wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb GKvËi †Uwjwfk‡bi ˆmq` BkwZqvK
†iRv, B‡Ëdv‡Ki gwd`v AvKei, ˆ`wbK eZ©gv‡bi ¯cb `vk¸ß I
bqvw`M‡šÍi kwdDwÏb Avn‡g` weUz| (m~Î: cÖ_g Av‡jv, 1jv wW‡m¤i
2015)
wWAviBD wbe©vPb AbywôZ
XvKv wi‡cvU©vm© BDwbwUÕi (wWAviBD) Kvh©wbe©vnx KwgwU-2016 wbe©vP‡b
ˆ`wbK B‡Ëdv‡Ki we‡kl cÖwZwbwa Rvgvj DÏxb mfvcwZ I wRwUwfÕi
cÖavb cÖwZ‡e`K ivRy Avn‡g` mvaviY m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb| MZ
30†k b‡f¤i wWAviBD Kvh©vj‡q G wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq|
hyM¥-mvaviY m¤úv`K c‡` evm‡mi wmwbqi wi‡cvU©vi mv¾v`
†nv‡mb, mvsMVwbK m¤úv`K c‡` ˆ`wbK BbwKjv‡ei wmwbqi wi‡cvU©vi
†kL gynv¤§` Rvgvj †nv‡mb, A_© m¤úv`K c‡` Kvgiæ¾vgvb KvRj,
60
wbix¶v
`dZi m¤úv`K c‡` cÖvBg wbDR WUK‡gi wmwbqi wi‡cvU©vi †g‡n`x
AvRv` gvmy`, µxov m¤úv`K c‡` gywReyi ingvb, cÖwkÿY I M‡elYv
welqK m¤úv`K c‡` nvwjg †gvnv¤§` wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb| Kvh©wbe©vnx
m`‡m¨i mvZwU c‡` Av‡jvwKZ evsjv‡`‡ki wgRvbyi ingvb, †fv‡ii
KvM‡Ri Sb©v gwb, Imgvb Mwb eveyj, †kL gvngy` G wiqvZ, kwdKzj
Bmjvg kvgxg, AvRv` †nv‡mb mygb I gnwmb †nv‡mb wbe©vwPZ nb|
GQvov webv cÖwZØw›ØZvq mn-mfvcwZ c‡` RbK‡Éi kwidzj Bmjvg,
bvix welqK m¤úv`K c‡` mywg Lvb, cÖPvi I cÖKvkbv m¤úv`K c‡`
gvbeRwg‡bi Kvwd Kvgvj, mvs¯‹…wZK m¤úv`K c‡` Avwgbyj nK fu~Bqv
Ges Kj¨vY m¤úv`K c‡` bqvw`M‡šÍi wRjvbx wgjUb wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb|
(m~Î: B‡ËdvK, 1jv wW‡m¤i 2015)
Abb¨v mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi
ÔAbb¨v mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹viÕ cÖ vb Abyôvb MZ 5B wW‡m¤i ivRavbxi
QvqvbU wgjbvqZ‡b AbywôZ nq| mvwn‡Z¨ †hme bvix `xßgq, cwÎKvwU
21 eQi a‡i Zv‡`i G cyi¯‹vi w`‡q Avm‡Q| Gevi GB xK…wZ †c‡q‡Qb
Aa¨vcK W. †mvwbqv wbkvZ Avwgb| cÖavb AwZw_ K_vmvwnwZ¨K †mwjbv
†nv‡mb Zuvi nv‡Z Abb¨v cyi¯‹v‡ii §viK Zz‡j †`b| DËixq cwi‡q †`b
BwZnvmwe` Aa¨vcK ˆmq` Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb, cyi¯‹v‡ii 50 nvRvi
UvKvi †PK cÖ vb K‡ib Abb¨v m¤úv`K Zvmwggv †nv‡mb| (m~Î:
mgKvj, 6B wW‡m¤i 2015)
†jLv cÖKvk-Gi mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi
cÖKvkbv cÖwZôvb †jLv cÖKvk-Gi mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi cÖ vb Abyôvb MZ
20†k b‡f¤i RvZxq †cÖm K¬v‡e AbywôZ nq| Abyôv‡bi D‡Øvab K‡ib
XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh© Aa¨vcK W. Av Av g m Av‡iwdb wmwÏK|
we‡kl AwZw_ wQ‡jb cÖexY mvsevw`K Kvgvj †jvnvbx I bUi‡Wg
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh© Aa¨vcK †eÄvwgb wW K Ív|
cyi¯‹vicÖvßiv n‡jb mvsevw`KZvq (gi‡YvËi) ˆ`wbK B‡Ëdv‡Ki
cÖwZôvZv-m¤úv`K Zdv¾j †nv‡mb gvwbK wgqv, KweZvq (gi‡YvËi)
Kwe kvgmyi ivngvb, Kjvg iPbvq Kvgvj †jvnvbx, Dcb¨v‡m †mwjbv
†nv‡mb, KweZvq †gvkviid †nv‡mb f~Tv, †QvUM‡í gvngy` Kvgvj,
eoM‡í dvivn nvmvb, wkïmvwn‡Z¨ bvRgv †eMg bvRy, Qovq AvbIqviæj
Kexi eyjy, cÖe‡Ü Bidvb †PŠayix, M‡elYv cÖe‡Ü w_Iwdj bK‡iK,
cÖ”Q‡` aªæe Gl I cÖKvkbvq Abb¨v cÖKvkbx| (m~Î: B‡ËdvK, 21†k
b‡f¤i 2015)
m¤§vbbv †c‡jb mvsevw`K gvndzRyi ingvb
K…wl mvsevw`KZvq m¤§vbbv †c‡jb mvsevw`K gvndzRyi ingvb †mvnvM|
Zuv‡K m¤§vbbv †µ÷ cÖ vb K‡ib Z_¨gš¿x nvmvbyj nK Bby| cvwÿK K…wl
cÖhyw³ cwÎKvi lô cÖwZôvevwl©Kx Dcj‡ÿ MZ 26†k b‡f¤i Lvgvievwoi
Av Kv gy wMqvm DwÏb wgwé AwWUwiqv‡g G cyi¯‹vi cÖ vb Kiv nq| (m~Î:
gvbeRwgb, 9B wW‡m¤i 2015)
wWAviBD eûgyLx mgevq mwgwZi wbe©vPb
XvKv wi‡cvU©vm© BDwbwU (wWAviBD) eûgyLx mgevq mwgwZi wbe©vP‡b
mfvcwZ c‡` †gv Ídv †nv‡mb †PŠayix Ges mvaviY m¤úv`K c‡` Igi
dviæK wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb| MZ 30 †k A‡±vei wWAviBD wgjbvqZ‡b
†fvUMÖnY AbywôZ nq|
mn-mfvcwZ c‡` weRqx n‡q‡Qb kvgxg wmwÏKx| webv cÖwZØw›ØZvq
hyM¥-m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb †gvnv¤§` Rvgvj DwÏb| Avi †Kvlva¨ÿ
n‡q‡Qb Kj¨vY mvnv| GQvov KwgwUi wbe©vwPZ m`m¨iv n‡jb AvBqye
Avbmvix, kvnbvR kvigxb, kwidzj Avwid †mv‡nj, G †K Gg
Kvgiæ¾vgvb (wniæ), eiæY †fŠwgK, †gvnv¤§` AvwZKzi ingvb nvwee I
gZjy gwjøK| (m~Î: B‡ËdvK, 31†k A‡±vei 2015)
d‡Uv Rvb©vwj÷ A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb, PÆMÖvg KwgwU †NvlYv
evsjv‡`k d‡Uv-Rvb©vwj÷ A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb PÆMÖvg †Rjv KwgwUi wbe©vP‡b
ˆ`wbK c~e©‡Kv‡Yi wmwbqi d‡Uv-mvsevw`K gbRyiæj Avjg gÄy mfvcwZ
I ˆ`wbK B‡Ëdv‡Ki wmwbqi d‡Uv-mvsevw`K †gv ÍvwdRyi ingvb mvaviY
m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb| MZ 2iv wW‡m¤i cÖavbgš¿xi Z_¨ Dc‡`óv
BKevj †mvenvb †PŠayixi Dcw ’wZ‡Z msMV‡bi RvZxq m‡¤§jb I
msea©bv Abyôv‡b †K› ªxq mfvcwZ G †K Gg gnwmb beMwVZ KwgwUi
†bZ…e„‡›`i bvg †NvlYv K‡ib| (m~Î: mgKvj, 4Vv wW‡m¤i 2015)
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