OpenAccessNow!

DrErnestoPriego,CityUniversityLondon@ernestopriego

ResearchnotesintheformofadeckofslidesassembledbyErnestoPriegofortheOpenAccessdebateorganisedbyRogerSabinatCentralSaintMartins,UniversityoftheArts,London,Monday18March2013.

TooMuchTextonTheseSlides!

•  Yes.Theseslidesaremeanttobeaccessedopenlyonlineandreadasadeckofresearchcardsornotes.

•  Theydonotnecessarilyrepresentwhatwasshowninsitu.•  Thisisatypeofopenaccessscholarlyoutputoreducational

resource.Ittooksometimeandeffort(i.e.£)tocreate.•  Lessthan20peopleattendedtheevent.Thisisnormaland

evensuccessfulinmanycasesofacademicevents.ManymorewillhopefullygetanideaofwhatIdiscussedthroughthisresource.

•  TheseresearchnoteswerepublishedonlineaftertheeventtheywerecreatedforasaPDFandarelicensedbyErnestoPriegounderaCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0UnportedLicense.

“Youneverchangethingsbyfightingtheexistingreality.

Tochangesomething,buildanewmodelthatmakestheexistingmodelobsolete.”

‐BuckminsterFuller,

AmericanArchitect(1895‐1983)

DigitalScholarship

Scholarsengagedindigitalscholarship:• haveadvanceddigitalliteracyskills• self‐archive• filterandsharewithothers• blogabouttheirresearch• publishinopenaccessjournals• commentopenlyontheworksofothers• buildnetworks

(AfterTerryAnderson,2009;MartinWeller,2011)

•  Scholarsask:allcool,butwhorewards/incentivises/fundsallthis?

ScholarlyOutputs(Cronin2012)

From1970:•  Workingpaper•  Occasionalpaper•  Preprint•  Conferencepaper•  Journalarticle•  Letters•  Researchnotes•  Monograph•  Bookreview•  Literaturereview

From2010:•  Sameas1970plus…

Journalarticleandsupplementarymaterials

•  Hyperlinkedarticles•  Tweets•  Blogs•  Videos(YouTube)•  E‐preprints•  Webpages•  Webinars/podcastsetc.

Scholarship=Dissemination•  Nolongercompletelydifferenttasks•  Theharderitistofindsomething,theharderitistoaccessit•  Theharderitistoaccesssomething,theharderitistofindan

audience•  Theharderitistofindanaudience,theharderitistocreate

sustainableengagement•  Theharderitistocreatesustainableengagement,theharderitisto

haveanimpact•  Ifitcan’tbeaccessed,itwon’tberead•  Ifitcan’tberead,itwon’tbecited•  Again,sameissue:sincenoteveryonedoesitnaturally,anofficial

systemofincentives/rewardsneedstoallocatefinancial,infrastructural,timeresourcesforthis

http://www.oercommons.org/http://creativecommons.org/

Inaworldbasedinsharingandreusing(theWeb)attribution,reciprocityandfeedbackare

thekeybestpractices

GreatestanxietiesaboutOpenAccessrightnowarearoundIntellectualproperty,plagiarism,copyrightlawinthedigitalage.WeneedtostudyandcommunicatebetterhowexistinglegalframeworksinteractwithexistingCreativeCommonslicensesandinstitutionalfundingandpublisher’spolicies

OpenAccessExplained*JorgeCham(2012)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5rVH1KGBCY

*OpenAccessisnotonlyfor“scientists”!

TheRealCost•  Forbetterorworse,theWebistheprimarygatewaytoinformation

searchandaccess•  Whatisnotaccessedisnotused•  IntheWeb,frictionreducesattentionandusage•  Paradigmshiftintheattentioneconomyandtheeconomicsof

onlineattention:ifthere’sapaywallyouwilljumpoveritwithoutpaying

•  Weneedmorehonestyinwhyacademicworkispublishedinnon‐OAjournalsthatareexpensive,restrictiveanddifficulttofind

•  Academicsalreadypaytowriteandpublisharticlesinpaywalledjournalsevenifnotdirectly

•  Weneedscholarsformarts,humanitiesandsocialsciencesfieldstoengageinacriticalrevisionofcopyright,lincensing,functionsofacademicpublishing

OA:NoPaywall

•  Open‐access(OA)literatureisdigital,online,freeofcharge[tothereader;insomecasestoauthorsthroughwaivers],and[ideally]freeofmostcopyrightandlicensingrestrictions[throughCreativeCommonslicenses].

•  WhatmakesitpossibleistheInternetandtheconsentoftheauthororcopyright‐holder.

(PeterSuber2008)

CompatiblewithResearchExcellence

•  OAisentirelycompatiblewithpeerreview,andallthemajorOAinitiativesforscientificandscholarlyliteratureinsistonitsimportance.

•  Justasauthorsofjournalarticlesdonatetheirlabor,sodomostjournaleditorsandrefereesparticipatinginpeerreview.

(PeterSuber2008)

OAisNotFreetoProduce

•  OAliteratureisnotfreetoproduce,evenifitislessexpensivetoproducethanconventionallypublishedliterature.

•  Thequestionisnotwhetherscholarlyliteraturecanbemadecostless,butwhethertherearebetterwaystopaythebillsthanbychargingreadersandcreatingaccessbarriers.

•  BusinessmodelsforpayingthebillsdependonhowOAisdelivered.

(PeterSuber2008)

OAReducesFriction

SPARC2004

MoreEvidence

(Hajjem,HarnadandGingras,2005)

Hajjem,HarnadandGingras,2005

•  “Ten‐YearCross‐DisciplinaryComparisonoftheGrowthofOpenAccessandHowitIncreasesResearchCitationImpact”

•  Papersonopenaccessjournalshaveahighercitationimpactthannon‐OAjournals

OACanIncreaseImpact

“Inordertomaximisetheimpactoftheirresearch,researchersneedtomakeitOpenAccess”

–RobertKiley,HeadofDigitalServices, WellcomeTrust(LSEFutureofAcademicImpactsconference,London,5December2012)

OnlinePresence=Citations

•  CitationsinWikipediacorrelatewithJCRdata(Nielsen,2007)

•  Articlesinthetopquartileoftweetswere11timesmorelikelytobeintopquartileofcitations2yearslater(Eysenbach,2012)

•  Positivecorrelationsbetweeninclusioninreferencemanagersandcitation(Bar‐Ilan,2012;Lietal.2011;Priemetal.,2012)

•  Downloadspredict/correlatewithsubsequentcitation(Brodyetal.,2006).

(Cronin2012)

Tweeting,BloggingandOARepositories

•  “Ifyoutellpeopleaboutyourresearch,theylookatit.Yourresearchwillgetlookedatmorethanpaperswhicharenotpromotedviasocialmedia”

•  “beforeIbloggedandtweetedthem,hadonetotwodownloads,eveniftheyhadbeenintherepositoryformonths(oryears,insomecases).Uponbloggingandtweeting,within24hours,therewereonaverageseventydownloadsofmypapers”MelissaTerras(2012).

TwoMainPaths

•  TherearetwoprimaryvehiclesfordeliveringOAtoresearcharticles:

1.  OAjournalsand2.  OAarchivesorrepositories.

(PeterSuber,2004)

PeterSuberonOAJournals

•  “OAjournalsperformpeerreviewandthenmaketheapprovedcontentsfreelyavailabletotheworld.

•  Theirexpensesconsistofpeerreview,manuscriptpreparation,andserverspace.

•  OAjournalspaytheirbillsverymuchthewaybroadcasttelevisionandradiostationsdo:thosewithaninterestindisseminatingthecontentpaytheproductioncostsupfrontsothataccesscanbefreeofchargeforeveryonewiththerightequipment.

•  Sometimesthismeansthatjournalshaveasubsidyfromthehostinguniversityorprofessionalsociety.Sometimesitmeansthatjournalschargeaprocessingfeeonacceptedarticles,tobepaidbytheauthorortheauthor’ssponsor(employer,fundingagency).”

ArticleProcessingCharges(APCs)

•  OAjournalsthatchargeprocessingfeesusuallywaivethemincasesofeconomichardship.OAjournalswithinstitutionalsubsidiestendtochargenoprocessingfees.

•  OAjournalscangetbyonlowersubsidiesorfeesiftheyhaveincomefromotherpublications,advertising,pricedadd‐ons,orauxiliaryservices.Someinstitutionsandconsortiaarrangefeediscounts.

•  SomeOApublisherswaivethefeeforallresearchersaffiliatedwithinstitutionsthathavepurchasedanannualmembership.

•  There’salotofroomforcreativityinfindingwaystopaythecostsofapeer‐reviewedOAjournal,andwe’refarfromhavingexhaustedourclevernessandimagination.

(PeterSuber,2008)

PeterSuberonOAArchivesandRepositories

•  OAArchivesorrepositories:OAarchivesorrepositoriesdonotperformpeerreview,butsimplymaketheircontentsfreelyavailabletotheworld.Theymaycontainunrefereedpreprints,refereedpostprints,orboth.

•  Archivesmaybelongtoinstitutions,suchasuniversitiesandlaboratories,ordisciplines,suchasphysicsandeconomics.Authorsmayarchivetheirpreprintswithoutanyoneelse’spermission,andamajorityofjournalsalreadypermitauthorstoarchivetheirpostprints.

PeterSuberonOAArchivesandRepositories

•  WhenarchivescomplywiththemetadataharvestingprotocoloftheOpenArchivesInitiative,thentheyareinteroperableanduserscanfindtheircontentswithoutknowingwhicharchivesexist,wheretheyarelocated,orwhattheycontain.

•  Thereisnowopen‐sourcesoftwareforbuildingandmaintainingOAI‐compliantarchivesandworldwidemomentumforusingit.Thecostsofanarchivearenegligible:someserverspaceandafractionofthetimeofatechnician.expensesconsistofpeerreview,manuscriptpreparation,andserverspace.

OpenAccess:UnlockingWhatYouDo,SoWhatYouDoGetsRead!

TwoCurrentOfficialRoutes

•  Green:authorsdepositcopyofpre‐printorpost‐printinan“institutionalrepository”orotheropenweb‐site–  Over600openrepositoriesalreadyestablishedworld‐wide

•  Gold:authorspublishinpeer‐reviewedjournalsfundedbypublicationcharges(APCs)ratherthanbylibrarysubscriptions

UKOA:FinchReport

•  “Accessibility,sustainability,excellence:howtoexpandaccesstoresearchpublications.ReportoftheWorkingGrouponExpandingAccesstoPublishedResearchFindings”,DameJudeFinchOBE,June2012

•  Publicly‐fundedresearchneedstobeaccessiblebythepublicwhofundedthatresearch.

FindthatPolicy!http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/

27

A cloud based research data management system where you can:

Alternatives!“GetCreditforAllYourResearch”(withDOIs!)

http://figshare.com/

Manage your research outputs privately and securely

Make your research outputs citable, sharable, discoverable

Figshare:AnAlternativeModelofWebSelfarchiving(withDOIs!)

AWholeNewGame(biologicalandmedicalsciences)

https://peerj.com/

“PeerJisanOpenAccesspublisherofscholarlyarticles.Weaimtodrivethecostsofpublishingdown,whileimprovingtheoverallpublishingexperience,andprovidingauthorswithapublicationvenuesuitableforthe21stCentury.”

OpenLibraryofHumanities

AimstoprovideaplatformforOpenAccesspublishingthatis:

•  Reputableandrespectedthroughrigorouspeerreview

•  Sustainable•  Digitallypreservedandsafely

archivedinperpetuity•  Non‐profit•  Openinbothmonetaryand

permissionterms•  Non‐discriminatory(APCsare

waiverable)•  Technicallyinnovativeinresponseto

theneedsofscholarsandlibrarians•  Asolutiontotheserialscrisis

https://www.openlibhums.org/

UbiquityPresshttp://www.ubiquitypress.com/

“Openaccesspublisherofpeer‐reviewed,academicjournals.Ourflexiblepublishingmodelmakesjournalsaffordable,andenablesresearchersaroundtheworldtofindandaccesstheinformationtheyneed,withoutbarriers.”

Yes,PolicyisNotPerfect…

•  …butthesolutioncannotbetogoondoingthingsasusual.

•  HowcanartsandHSSscholarsengageinaconstructivecritiqueofpoliciesthathavealreadybeendecided?

•  HowcanweproactivelyandimaginativelydevelopinnovativeOAmechanismsthatreflectthedifferentscholarlycultures(needs,opportunities,challenges)ofartsandHSSfields?

Sources•  Cham,Jorge(2012)“OpenAccessExplained”PhDComics,alsoavailableon

YouTube,http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5rVH1KGBCY•  Priego,Ernesto(2012)“StrategiestoGetyourResearchMentionedOnline”,

Altmetricblog,http://altmetric.com/blog/strategies‐to‐get‐your‐research‐mentioned‐online/.

•  Priego,Ernesto(2012)‘Insightsfrom“TheFutureofAcademicImpact”’,Altmetricblog,http://altmetric.com/blog/insights‐from‐the‐future‐of‐academic‐impact/.

•  Priego,Ernesto(2012)“Insightsfrom“TheNumbersGame”,lecturebyBlaiseCronin”,Altmetricblog,http://altmetric.com/blog/insights‐from‐the‐numbers‐game‐lecture‐by‐blaise‐cronin/

•  Suber,Peter,(2008)“AVeryBriefIntroductiontoOpenAccess”http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/brief.htm

•  SPARC(2004)“OpenAccess”,reportavailableviaOpenAccessWeekhttp://www.openaccessweek.org/page/downloads‐2

•  Othersourcesusedarereferencedinmyblogpostslistedaboveorontheslidesthemselves.

Thankyou!

•  Directfeedback:•  @ernestopriego,

•  http://epriego.wordpress.com/

•  Formorediscussion:#OpenAccess#OA

•  ThisdeckofresearchnotesislicensedbyErnestoPriegounderaCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0UnportedLicense.