Upload
dr-ernesto-priego
View
679
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Research notes in the form of a deck of slides assembled by Ernesto Priego for the Open Access debate organised by Roger Sabin at Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts, London, Monday 18 March 2013. Also available via Figshare as Open Access Now! Research notes in the form of a deck of slides assembled by Ernesto Priego for the Open Access debate organised by Roger Sabin at Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts, London, Monday 18 March 2013. . Ernesto Priego. figshare. http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.654622
Citation preview
OpenAccessNow!
DrErnestoPriego,CityUniversityLondon@ernestopriego
ResearchnotesintheformofadeckofslidesassembledbyErnestoPriegofortheOpenAccessdebateorganisedbyRogerSabinatCentralSaintMartins,UniversityoftheArts,London,Monday18March2013.
TooMuchTextonTheseSlides!
• Yes.Theseslidesaremeanttobeaccessedopenlyonlineandreadasadeckofresearchcardsornotes.
• Theydonotnecessarilyrepresentwhatwasshowninsitu.• Thisisatypeofopenaccessscholarlyoutputoreducational
resource.Ittooksometimeandeffort(i.e.£)tocreate.• Lessthan20peopleattendedtheevent.Thisisnormaland
evensuccessfulinmanycasesofacademicevents.ManymorewillhopefullygetanideaofwhatIdiscussedthroughthisresource.
• TheseresearchnoteswerepublishedonlineaftertheeventtheywerecreatedforasaPDFandarelicensedbyErnestoPriegounderaCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0UnportedLicense.
“Youneverchangethingsbyfightingtheexistingreality.
Tochangesomething,buildanewmodelthatmakestheexistingmodelobsolete.”
‐BuckminsterFuller,
AmericanArchitect(1895‐1983)
DigitalScholarship
Scholarsengagedindigitalscholarship:• haveadvanceddigitalliteracyskills• self‐archive• filterandsharewithothers• blogabouttheirresearch• publishinopenaccessjournals• commentopenlyontheworksofothers• buildnetworks
(AfterTerryAnderson,2009;MartinWeller,2011)
• Scholarsask:allcool,butwhorewards/incentivises/fundsallthis?
ScholarlyOutputs(Cronin2012)
From1970:• Workingpaper• Occasionalpaper• Preprint• Conferencepaper• Journalarticle• Letters• Researchnotes• Monograph• Bookreview• Literaturereview
From2010:• Sameas1970plus…
Journalarticleandsupplementarymaterials
• Hyperlinkedarticles• Tweets• Blogs• Videos(YouTube)• E‐preprints• Webpages• Webinars/podcastsetc.
Scholarship=Dissemination• Nolongercompletelydifferenttasks• Theharderitistofindsomething,theharderitistoaccessit• Theharderitistoaccesssomething,theharderitistofindan
audience• Theharderitistofindanaudience,theharderitistocreate
sustainableengagement• Theharderitistocreatesustainableengagement,theharderitisto
haveanimpact• Ifitcan’tbeaccessed,itwon’tberead• Ifitcan’tberead,itwon’tbecited• Again,sameissue:sincenoteveryonedoesitnaturally,anofficial
systemofincentives/rewardsneedstoallocatefinancial,infrastructural,timeresourcesforthis
http://www.oercommons.org/http://creativecommons.org/
Inaworldbasedinsharingandreusing(theWeb)attribution,reciprocityandfeedbackare
thekeybestpractices
GreatestanxietiesaboutOpenAccessrightnowarearoundIntellectualproperty,plagiarism,copyrightlawinthedigitalage.WeneedtostudyandcommunicatebetterhowexistinglegalframeworksinteractwithexistingCreativeCommonslicensesandinstitutionalfundingandpublisher’spolicies
OpenAccessExplained*JorgeCham(2012)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5rVH1KGBCY
*OpenAccessisnotonlyfor“scientists”!
TheRealCost• Forbetterorworse,theWebistheprimarygatewaytoinformation
searchandaccess• Whatisnotaccessedisnotused• IntheWeb,frictionreducesattentionandusage• Paradigmshiftintheattentioneconomyandtheeconomicsof
onlineattention:ifthere’sapaywallyouwilljumpoveritwithoutpaying
• Weneedmorehonestyinwhyacademicworkispublishedinnon‐OAjournalsthatareexpensive,restrictiveanddifficulttofind
• Academicsalreadypaytowriteandpublisharticlesinpaywalledjournalsevenifnotdirectly
• Weneedscholarsformarts,humanitiesandsocialsciencesfieldstoengageinacriticalrevisionofcopyright,lincensing,functionsofacademicpublishing
OA:NoPaywall
• Open‐access(OA)literatureisdigital,online,freeofcharge[tothereader;insomecasestoauthorsthroughwaivers],and[ideally]freeofmostcopyrightandlicensingrestrictions[throughCreativeCommonslicenses].
• WhatmakesitpossibleistheInternetandtheconsentoftheauthororcopyright‐holder.
(PeterSuber2008)
CompatiblewithResearchExcellence
• OAisentirelycompatiblewithpeerreview,andallthemajorOAinitiativesforscientificandscholarlyliteratureinsistonitsimportance.
• Justasauthorsofjournalarticlesdonatetheirlabor,sodomostjournaleditorsandrefereesparticipatinginpeerreview.
(PeterSuber2008)
OAisNotFreetoProduce
• OAliteratureisnotfreetoproduce,evenifitislessexpensivetoproducethanconventionallypublishedliterature.
• Thequestionisnotwhetherscholarlyliteraturecanbemadecostless,butwhethertherearebetterwaystopaythebillsthanbychargingreadersandcreatingaccessbarriers.
• BusinessmodelsforpayingthebillsdependonhowOAisdelivered.
(PeterSuber2008)
OAReducesFriction
SPARC2004
MoreEvidence
(Hajjem,HarnadandGingras,2005)
Hajjem,HarnadandGingras,2005
• “Ten‐YearCross‐DisciplinaryComparisonoftheGrowthofOpenAccessandHowitIncreasesResearchCitationImpact”
• Papersonopenaccessjournalshaveahighercitationimpactthannon‐OAjournals
OACanIncreaseImpact
“Inordertomaximisetheimpactoftheirresearch,researchersneedtomakeitOpenAccess”
–RobertKiley,HeadofDigitalServices, WellcomeTrust(LSEFutureofAcademicImpactsconference,London,5December2012)
OnlinePresence=Citations
• CitationsinWikipediacorrelatewithJCRdata(Nielsen,2007)
• Articlesinthetopquartileoftweetswere11timesmorelikelytobeintopquartileofcitations2yearslater(Eysenbach,2012)
• Positivecorrelationsbetweeninclusioninreferencemanagersandcitation(Bar‐Ilan,2012;Lietal.2011;Priemetal.,2012)
• Downloadspredict/correlatewithsubsequentcitation(Brodyetal.,2006).
(Cronin2012)
Tweeting,BloggingandOARepositories
• “Ifyoutellpeopleaboutyourresearch,theylookatit.Yourresearchwillgetlookedatmorethanpaperswhicharenotpromotedviasocialmedia”
• “beforeIbloggedandtweetedthem,hadonetotwodownloads,eveniftheyhadbeenintherepositoryformonths(oryears,insomecases).Uponbloggingandtweeting,within24hours,therewereonaverageseventydownloadsofmypapers”MelissaTerras(2012).
TwoMainPaths
• TherearetwoprimaryvehiclesfordeliveringOAtoresearcharticles:
1. OAjournalsand2. OAarchivesorrepositories.
(PeterSuber,2004)
PeterSuberonOAJournals
• “OAjournalsperformpeerreviewandthenmaketheapprovedcontentsfreelyavailabletotheworld.
• Theirexpensesconsistofpeerreview,manuscriptpreparation,andserverspace.
• OAjournalspaytheirbillsverymuchthewaybroadcasttelevisionandradiostationsdo:thosewithaninterestindisseminatingthecontentpaytheproductioncostsupfrontsothataccesscanbefreeofchargeforeveryonewiththerightequipment.
• Sometimesthismeansthatjournalshaveasubsidyfromthehostinguniversityorprofessionalsociety.Sometimesitmeansthatjournalschargeaprocessingfeeonacceptedarticles,tobepaidbytheauthorortheauthor’ssponsor(employer,fundingagency).”
ArticleProcessingCharges(APCs)
• OAjournalsthatchargeprocessingfeesusuallywaivethemincasesofeconomichardship.OAjournalswithinstitutionalsubsidiestendtochargenoprocessingfees.
• OAjournalscangetbyonlowersubsidiesorfeesiftheyhaveincomefromotherpublications,advertising,pricedadd‐ons,orauxiliaryservices.Someinstitutionsandconsortiaarrangefeediscounts.
• SomeOApublisherswaivethefeeforallresearchersaffiliatedwithinstitutionsthathavepurchasedanannualmembership.
• There’salotofroomforcreativityinfindingwaystopaythecostsofapeer‐reviewedOAjournal,andwe’refarfromhavingexhaustedourclevernessandimagination.
(PeterSuber,2008)
PeterSuberonOAArchivesandRepositories
• OAArchivesorrepositories:OAarchivesorrepositoriesdonotperformpeerreview,butsimplymaketheircontentsfreelyavailabletotheworld.Theymaycontainunrefereedpreprints,refereedpostprints,orboth.
• Archivesmaybelongtoinstitutions,suchasuniversitiesandlaboratories,ordisciplines,suchasphysicsandeconomics.Authorsmayarchivetheirpreprintswithoutanyoneelse’spermission,andamajorityofjournalsalreadypermitauthorstoarchivetheirpostprints.
PeterSuberonOAArchivesandRepositories
• WhenarchivescomplywiththemetadataharvestingprotocoloftheOpenArchivesInitiative,thentheyareinteroperableanduserscanfindtheircontentswithoutknowingwhicharchivesexist,wheretheyarelocated,orwhattheycontain.
• Thereisnowopen‐sourcesoftwareforbuildingandmaintainingOAI‐compliantarchivesandworldwidemomentumforusingit.Thecostsofanarchivearenegligible:someserverspaceandafractionofthetimeofatechnician.expensesconsistofpeerreview,manuscriptpreparation,andserverspace.
OpenAccess:UnlockingWhatYouDo,SoWhatYouDoGetsRead!
TwoCurrentOfficialRoutes
• Green:authorsdepositcopyofpre‐printorpost‐printinan“institutionalrepository”orotheropenweb‐site– Over600openrepositoriesalreadyestablishedworld‐wide
• Gold:authorspublishinpeer‐reviewedjournalsfundedbypublicationcharges(APCs)ratherthanbylibrarysubscriptions
UKOA:FinchReport
• “Accessibility,sustainability,excellence:howtoexpandaccesstoresearchpublications.ReportoftheWorkingGrouponExpandingAccesstoPublishedResearchFindings”,DameJudeFinchOBE,June2012
• Publicly‐fundedresearchneedstobeaccessiblebythepublicwhofundedthatresearch.
FindthatPolicy!http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/
27
A cloud based research data management system where you can:
Alternatives!“GetCreditforAllYourResearch”(withDOIs!)
http://figshare.com/
Manage your research outputs privately and securely
Make your research outputs citable, sharable, discoverable
Figshare:AnAlternativeModelofWebSelfarchiving(withDOIs!)
AWholeNewGame(biologicalandmedicalsciences)
https://peerj.com/
“PeerJisanOpenAccesspublisherofscholarlyarticles.Weaimtodrivethecostsofpublishingdown,whileimprovingtheoverallpublishingexperience,andprovidingauthorswithapublicationvenuesuitableforthe21stCentury.”
OpenLibraryofHumanities
AimstoprovideaplatformforOpenAccesspublishingthatis:
• Reputableandrespectedthroughrigorouspeerreview
• Sustainable• Digitallypreservedandsafely
archivedinperpetuity• Non‐profit• Openinbothmonetaryand
permissionterms• Non‐discriminatory(APCsare
waiverable)• Technicallyinnovativeinresponseto
theneedsofscholarsandlibrarians• Asolutiontotheserialscrisis
https://www.openlibhums.org/
UbiquityPresshttp://www.ubiquitypress.com/
“Openaccesspublisherofpeer‐reviewed,academicjournals.Ourflexiblepublishingmodelmakesjournalsaffordable,andenablesresearchersaroundtheworldtofindandaccesstheinformationtheyneed,withoutbarriers.”
Yes,PolicyisNotPerfect…
• …butthesolutioncannotbetogoondoingthingsasusual.
• HowcanartsandHSSscholarsengageinaconstructivecritiqueofpoliciesthathavealreadybeendecided?
• HowcanweproactivelyandimaginativelydevelopinnovativeOAmechanismsthatreflectthedifferentscholarlycultures(needs,opportunities,challenges)ofartsandHSSfields?
Sources• Cham,Jorge(2012)“OpenAccessExplained”PhDComics,alsoavailableon
YouTube,http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5rVH1KGBCY• Priego,Ernesto(2012)“StrategiestoGetyourResearchMentionedOnline”,
Altmetricblog,http://altmetric.com/blog/strategies‐to‐get‐your‐research‐mentioned‐online/.
• Priego,Ernesto(2012)‘Insightsfrom“TheFutureofAcademicImpact”’,Altmetricblog,http://altmetric.com/blog/insights‐from‐the‐future‐of‐academic‐impact/.
• Priego,Ernesto(2012)“Insightsfrom“TheNumbersGame”,lecturebyBlaiseCronin”,Altmetricblog,http://altmetric.com/blog/insights‐from‐the‐numbers‐game‐lecture‐by‐blaise‐cronin/
• Suber,Peter,(2008)“AVeryBriefIntroductiontoOpenAccess”http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/brief.htm
• SPARC(2004)“OpenAccess”,reportavailableviaOpenAccessWeekhttp://www.openaccessweek.org/page/downloads‐2
• Othersourcesusedarereferencedinmyblogpostslistedaboveorontheslidesthemselves.
Thankyou!
• Directfeedback:• @ernestopriego,
• http://epriego.wordpress.com/
• Formorediscussion:#OpenAccess#OA
• ThisdeckofresearchnotesislicensedbyErnestoPriegounderaCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0UnportedLicense.