Osteologi Umum
dr. Msy Rulan AdnindyaFakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Sriwijaya
Osteologi
“osteon”: tulang
“logos”: ilmu
skeleton: kerangka
Osteologi Ilmu tulang kerangka tubuh
Rangka (skeletal) Tempat menempel otot
mempertahankan sikap dan posisi
TULANG, SENDI dan LIGAMEN
Sistem Rangka
Fungsi:
Penyangga
Pelindung
Penggerak
Penyimpanan mineral
Produksi sel darah
Sistem Rangka
206 buah tulang.
Kerangka tubuh
kerangka axial &
kerangka apendicular
KERANGKA
Axis sumbu tubuh.
a. Columna vertebralis
b. Tulang-tulang
tengkorak
c. Costae
d. Sternum
KERANGKA AXIAL
AXIAL SKELETON
7Osteology Dr MBA
AXIAL SKELETON
8Osteology Dr MBA
Axial Portion (74 bones)◦ Vertebral column
5 sections, 26 bones Cervical: 7 (C1 atlas,
C2 axis) Thoracic: 5 Lumbar: 12 Sacrum Coccyx (tailbone)
Vertebrae
PERBEDAAN TULANG BELAKANG
Sternum- 3
sections
◦ Body: main section
◦ Manubrium: upper
portion
◦ Xiphoid Process:
cartilage
Ribs:, 12 pairs,3 types◦ True: 7 pairs,
connected to sternum by cartilage
◦ False: Next 3 pairs, connected to cartilage of 7th pair than sternum
◦ Floating: Last 2 pairs, attached to vertebral column and not sternum
Hyoid bone: horseshoe shaped bone attached to tongue
Ear: 3 bones in each: hammer (malleus), anvil (incus), stirrup (stapes)
Skull: 22 bones
Melekat pada skeleton
axial.
Terdapat di tungkai
atas dan bawah.
Fungsinya membantu
pergerakan
Kerangka appendikular
126 bones◦ 64 in arms◦ 62 in legs
Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
Bones of the
Appendicula Skeleton
Clavicle
Scapula
Costals (Ribs)
Sternum
Vertebra
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Sternum
ClavicleScapula
Costals (Ribs)
Humerus
VertebraUlna
Radius
Sacrum
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Ilium
Ischium
Femur
Fibula
SacrumPubis
Patella
Tibia
Bones of the Hand
Carpels
Bones of the Hand
Metacarpels
Carpels
Bones of the Hand
Phalanges
Metacarpels
Carpels
Bones of the Hand
Bones of the Foot
Bones of the Foot
Tarsals
Bones of the Foot
Metatarsals
Tarsals
Bones of the Foot
Phalanges
Metatarsals
Tarsals
Kerangka axial-appendicular
Berdasarkan bentuk :• Tulang panjang• Tulang pendek• Tulang pipih• Tulang irregular.
TULANG
• humerus,• radius, ulna,• femur,• tibia, fibula
Tulang panjang
metacarpal, metatarsal bones and phalanges Sesamoid bone
Tulang pendek
Sternum Scapula costa
Tulang pipih
Vertebrae Tulang wajah Tulang panggul
Tulang irregular
Proses pembentukan tulang.
Mekanisme pembentukan tulang :
1. Intramembranous
2. Endrochondral
Ossifikasi
INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATIONRESULTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE CRANIAL BONES AND THE CLAVICLES.
ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATIONRESULTS IN THE FORMATION OF THEBONES BELOW THE SKULL, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE CLAVICLES
A long bone has a shaft, the diaphysis, and two ends,the epiphyses.
Covering a long bone in all area, except the articular surfaces, is periosteum.
GROSS ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE
Covering the articular surfaces is articular,or hyaline, cartilage.
Deep to the periosteum is a layer of compact bone; this layer is thicker in the diaphysis than the epiphysis.
GROSS ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE
In the diaphysis of the long bone deep to the compact bone is the medullary cavity; in an adult it is full of yellow bone marrow.
The medullary cavity is lined with endosteum.
GROSS ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE
In the epiphyses deep to the layer of compact bone is spongy bone.
Between the trabecula of the spongy bone is red bone marrow.
GROSS ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE
Pertemuan antara dua atau lebih dari tulang rangka.
Sendi
Berdasarkan struktur:
Sendi Fibrousa = Synarthrosis (tidak ada
kemungkinan gerakan)
Sendi Cartilagenea = Amphiarthrosis
(memungkinkan sedikit gerakan)
Sendi Synoviale = Diarthrosis (gerakan luas)
Synarthrosis
Immovable, Fibrous connective tissue◦ Sutures: zipper like
where bone has fused (skull)
◦ Syndesmosis: greater distance than a suture (radius and ulna)
◦ Gomphosis: peg in a socket (teeth)
• Ligaments hold tooth in bony socket• Immovable joint
enamel
dentin
gum
root of tooth
pulp
Socket of alveolar processPeridontal ligament (membrane)
Dr MBA 62Types of Joint
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly movable, cartilage◦ Synchondrosis:
temporary in nature (epiphyseal plate)
◦ Symphysis: permanent in nature (pubis symphysis)
Diarthrosis
Freely movable, synovial capsule (lubrication)
merupakan pita jaringan penyambung padat yang tersusun beraturan menyilang sendi dan seringkali membentuk simpai artikular sekitar sendi
LIGAMEN
Terima kasih atas
perhatiannya
Selamat belajar