8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
1/69
TRAINING COURSE
COOLING TOWER - PRESENTATION
BY SOUMIK
AEE/ BOP
MHPSI
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
2/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 11
2. Definitions
What is a Coo!in$ Tower F
A 'oo!in$ tower is an e)ipment )sed to red)'e the temperat)reo a water stream ;y e9tra'tin$ heat rom water and emittin$ it to
atmosphere
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
3/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 12
2. Definitions
Coo!in$ Tower@
A spe'ia!i/ed -EAT EHC-ANGER in whi'h two !)ids air water
are ;ro)$ht into dire't 'onta't to ee't the transer o heat
-eat is reJe'ted primari!y thro)$h EKAPORATION o a sma!!
Per'enta$e o the 'ir')!atin$ water a;o)t 1L o the 'ir')!atin$
!ow rate or e+ery (M* C o 'oo!in$ ran$e
Coo!in$ towers are )sed to dissipate waste heatM Deepin$
system temperat)res in an ei'ient operatin$ /one
-KAC0R Ind)stria!
Power
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
4/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 1#
2. Definitions
-ot Water Temperat)reTemperat)re rom pro'ess enterin tower
Co!d Water Temperat)reTemperat)re !e"vin tower ret)rned to pro'ess
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
5/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 1%
2. Definitions
-eat 4oad @ heat transferred from the water to air
W8 Cp t 1333 D'a!0hr
where@ W8 Water !ow 'ir')!atin$ thro)$h the '.t. m#0h
Cp Spe'ii' -eat D'a!0
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
6/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 1(
2. Definitions
Wet =)!; Temp
The temperat)re o the air
enterin$ the tower as meas)red
with a wet ;)!; thermometer.
"ONT USE T-E "R5 =U4= CO4U&N
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
7/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 1*
40
35
30
25
20
15
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
airtemperature[C]
air press. 1 013 hPa
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
water content [g / kg]
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
40
35
30
25
20
15
40
35
30
25
20
15
Wet bulb temperature
Dry bulb temperature
Wet bulb
temperature
Dry bulb
temperature
2. Definitions
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
8/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 1,
2. Definitions
Am;ient the temperat)re in the air
approa'hin$ the tower rom the )pwind side
Enterin$ the a+era$e temperat)re at the
entran'e a'es o the tower
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
9/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 1
2. Definitions
Ran$e@
"ieren'e ;etween
In!et -ot Water Temperat)re
and O)t!et Co!d Water
Temperat)re
R -WT CWT C
Approa'h@
"ieren'e ;etween
O)t!et Co!d Water Temperat)reand Wet =)!; Temperat)re
A CWT W=T C
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
10/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 17
2. Definitions
Re'ir')!ation Tower e!)ent air ;ein$
drawn into thedownwind air in!et
As a res)!tM enterin$ air
wet ;)!; temperat)re'an ;e hi$her thanam;ient wet ;)!;temperat)re
This ee't sha!! ;e taDe
into a''o)nt d)rin$ thedesi$n
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
11/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 23
Intereren'e
Tower e!)ent ;ein$
drawn into the air
in!et o a downwind
tower
Other heat so)r'esM
!iDe steam +entsM
;ein$ drawn into air
in!et o a downwindtower
2. Definitions
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
12/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 21
E+aporation and drit !osses
E+aporation !oss is the water )antity e+aporated or 'oo!in$ d)ty
E+aporation !oss 'an ;e estimated as a;o)t 1L o the 'ir')!atin$ !ow
rate or e+ery (M*C o 'oo!in$ ran$e "rit !oss is the water )antity 'arried o)t rom the 'oo!in$ tower in
the orm o ine drop!ets entrained in the !ea+in$ air
"rit !osses 'an ;e red)'ed thro)$h proper se!e'tion o drit
e!iminators.
2. Definitions
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
13/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 22
Cy'!es o 'on'entrationM =!ow "own and &aDe)p rate
")e to e+aporation !ossesM sa!t 'on'entration in 'ir')!atin$ water
in'reases
C#$!e% &' $&n$entr"ti&n C.O.C is the ratio o disso!+ed so!ids in'ir')!atin$ water to the disso!+ed so!ids in maDe )p water
(!&) d&)n !ow rate is the portion o 'ir')!atin$ water that m)st ;e
dis'har$ed in order to 'ontro! this ;)i!d )p
M"*e +, !ow rate is the )antity o water that is re)ired to rep!a'e
e+aporationM drit and ;!owdown !osses
2. Definitions
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
14/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 2#
#. Type o Coo!in$ Towers
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
15/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 2%
3. Types of Towers
=y Air Ind)'tion ðod
Nat)ra! "rat
&e'hani'a! "rat
8or'ed
Ind)'ed
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
16/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 2(
atural Draft!
Use the ;)oyan'y o
the e9ha)st air risin$
in a ta!! 'himney to
pro+ide the drat.
3. Types of Towers
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
17/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 2*
3. Types of Towers
=y Air Ind)'tion ðod
Nat)ra! "rat No rotatin$ e)ipment to maintain
4ower power 'ons)mption
-i$h 'apita! 'ost
Kis)a! impa't Kery !ar$e heat d)ties
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
18/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 2,
3. Types of Towers
=y Air Ind)'tion ðod
&e'hani'a! "rat
&e'hani'a! drat 'oo!in$ towers )se the air
!ow $enerated ;y a an.
8or'ed Ind)'ed
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
19/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 2
"e#hani#al $or#ed Draft
3. Types of Towers
$or#ed Draft!
Air is %lown throu&h
the tower %y a fan
lo#ated at the air
inlet
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
20/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there 27
"e#hani#al Indu#ed Draft
3. Types of Towers
Indu#ed Draft!
Air is %lown throu&h
the tower %y a fan
lo#ated at the air
outlet
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
21/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #3
3. Types of Towers
=y Air0Water 8!ow Paths Co)nter!ow
Cross!ow
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
22/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #1
Counterflow
In a 'o)nter!ow
'oo!in$ tower air
tra+e!s )pwardthro)$h the i!!M
opposite to the
downward motion o
the water.
3. Types of Towers
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
23/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #2
3. Types of Towers
Counterflow
In a 'o)nter!ow
'oo!in$ tower air
tra+e!s )pwardthro)$h the i!!M
opposite to the
downward motion o
the water.
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
24/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ##
Crossflow
In a 'ross!ow
'oo!in$ tower air
mo+es hori/onta!!ythro)$h the i!! as
the water mo+es
downward.
3. Types of Towers
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
25/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #%
3. Types of Towers
Crossflow
In a 'ross!ow
'oo!in$ tower air
mo+es hori/onta!!ythro)$h the i!! as
the water mo+es
downward.
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
26/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #(
=y 8i!! Type None sprayi!!ed
Sp!ashi!!ed
8i!mi!!ed &i9 Sp!ash8i!m
3. Types of Towers
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
27/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #*
Spray'$illed Tower
3. Types of Towers
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
28/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #,
Traditional
Splash $illin&
3. Types of Towers
1. Water is sp!ashed o+er the
i!! media into sma!!er water
drop!ets
2. S)ita;!e or !ow water
)a!ity pro'esses
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
29/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #
3D Splash $illin&$(T()A*
3. Types of Towers
#. Sp!ash i!! hei$ht is hi$her
than i!m i!!
%. Noise d)e to water impa't is
hi$her
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
30/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there #7
$ilm $illin&
3. Types of Towers
1. Water orms a thin i!m
on either side o i!!
sheets
2. -i$h heat e9'han$e area
#. 8i!m i!! hei$ht !ower
than sp!ash i!!
4ower P)mp head
%. -i$her perorman'es
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
31/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %3
3. Types of Towers
So &any Kariations.
............Whi'h WorDs =estF
N"0Co)nter!ow08i!m 8i!!
I"0Cross!ow0Sp!ash
I"0Cross!ow08i!m 8i!!
I"0Co)nter!ow0Sp!ash
I"0Co)nter!ow08i!m 8i!!
8"0Co)nter!ow08i!m 8i!!
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
32/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %1
Ad+anta$es
4ow PowerCons)mption
No Rotatin$ E)ipmentto maintain
App!i'ations
Power
Kery !ar$e ind)stria!
"isad+anta$es
-i$h Capita! Cost
Kis)a! Impa't A''ess or '!eanin$
atural Draft'Counterflow +$ilm $ill,
3. Types of Towers
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
33/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %2
Indu#ed Draft ' Crossflow +Splash,
Ad+anta$es
To!erant o 8o)!ants
Resists i'in$
&aintenan'e A''ess
C!eanin$ 'an ;e done d)rin$
operation
"isad+anta$es
4ar$er 8ootprint
Noise rom ans and sp!ashin$
water
3. Types of Towers
App!i'ations -KACM ind)stria!M power
-i$h o)!ant water
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
34/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %#
Indu#ed Draft ' Crossflow +$ilm,
Ad+anta$es
4ow 8an Power
Re+ersi;!e 8ans or i'in$'ontro!
&aintenan'e A''ess
C!eanin$ d)rin$ operation
4ow Proi!e 4ow P)mp -ead
4ow Noise
To!erates some o)!ants
"isad+anta$es
4on$er 8ootprintM +s.'o)nter!ow i!m i!!
Not or !ow water )a!itypro'esses
3. Types of Towers
App!i'ations -KACM ind)stria!M power
$ood to moderate water )a!ity
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
35/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %%
Indu#ed Draft ' Counterflow +Splash,
Ad+anta$es Sp!ash i!! to!erates poorer
water )a!ity
"isad+anta$es Interna! A''ess or "istri;)tion
System C!eanin$
=!owo)t NOT "rit
Noise Water 6 8ans
-ei$htM +ers)s i!m i!!M 'ross!owsp!ash i!!
-i$her P)mp -ead +ers)s i!m i!!M
'ross!ow sp!ash i!!
3. Types of Towers
App!i'ations -KACM ind)stria!M power
$ood to moderate water )a!ity
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
36/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %(
Indu#ed Draft ' Counterflow ' $ilm
Ad+anta$es Sma!! 8ootprint
In Ind)stria! Si/es@
-ei$ht
4ow P)mp -ead
"isad+anta$es Interna! A''ess
"istri;)tion System C!eanin$
=!owo)t NOT "rit
Noise Water 6 8ans
3. Types of Towers
App!i'ations
-KAC
C!ean Pro'ess
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
37/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %*
$or#ed Draft ' Counterflow ' $ilm
Ad+anta$es
4ow Noise
4ow Proi!e some
Can ;e ")'ted
Can 4o'ate Indoors
"isad+anta$es
Prone to Re'ir')!ate
Sensiti+e to I'in$
-i$her P)mp -ead
3. Types of Towers
App!i'ations
-KAC
C!ean Pro'ess
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
38/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %,
-. "ain Components of a Coolin& Tower
(BASED ON RABIGHII COOLING TOWER PACKAGE)
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
39/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %
General arran&ement ' phase 2
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
40/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there %7
General arran&ement ' phase 2
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
41/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (3
Performan#e #ures ' phase 2
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
42/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (1
/0uipment Spe#ifi#ations ' phase 2
Co)nter !ow C.Tower me'hani'a! ind)'ed, 'e!!s 1% 9 1* m
Perorman'e "ata
Water Cir')!ation ((33 m#0hr
In!et Water Temperat)re (#VCO)t!et Water temperat)re %#VC"esi$n Wet =)!; Temperat)re #VC8an =reaD Power 1##M2
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
43/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (2
/0uipment Spe#ifi#ations ' phase 2
&ateria!s
Tower Str)'t)re@ 8RP=o!tin$ -ardware@ SS#3%
8an Sta'D@ 8RP
"istri;)tion -eaders@ 8RP"istri;)tion 4atera! 4ines@ PKC
"istri;)tion Spray No//!es@ PP
"rit E!iminators@ PKC
8i!!@ PKC
- " i C t
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
44/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (#
-. "ain Components
-eat transer s)ra'e
Water distri;)tion system
Air mo+ement system
Instr)mentation
Str)'t)re
- " i C t
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
45/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (%
1eat Transfer Surfa#e
-i$h Ei'ien'y 8i!m 8i!!
4ow to!eran'e to
o)!ants
PKC sheet materia!
-. "ain Components
- " i C t
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
46/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ((
1eat Transfer Surfa#e
523 4ow '!o$ i!m i!!
Se! e9tin$)ishin$
PKC sheets
Kerti'a! !)tes 23mm
spa'ed de+e!oped to
hand!e hi$h t)r;idwaters e.$. sea
water
-i$h e9'han$e
spe'ii' area 1%m20m#
-i$h Ei'ien'y
-. "ain Components
- "ain Components
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
47/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (*
-eat Transer S)ra'e Sp!ash type i!!
to!erant o o)!in$
wide +ariety o
materia!s and shapes red)'ed perorman'e
-. "ain Components
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
48/69
"ain Components
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
49/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (
Water "istri;)tion Systems
Co)nter!ow
Riser
In!et +a!+e
Interna! header 4atera! pipes
Press)ri/ed no//!es
. "ain Components
- "ain Components
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
50/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (7
Water "istri;)tion Systems
E'oJet No//!e Co)nter!ow
In'rease o air0water
'onta't
Uniorm spray
distri;)tion
Se! '!eanin$
4ow head
-. "ain Components
- "ain Components
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
51/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *3
E!iminators "esi$n $oa!s
minimi/e drit
minimi/e press)re !ossthro)$h e!iminators
Red)'e p!en)m press)re
!oss ;y air enterin$ ans
in proper air dire'tion
-. "ain Components
- "ain Components
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
52/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *1
-. "ain Components
"rit e!iminator e9amp!es
She!! type -moon Ce!!)!ar type
- "ain Components
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
53/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *2
Air &o+in$ System
8ans
Power Train
&otor
"ri+e shat
Gear;o9 Tor)e resistin$ s)pport
system
-. "ain Components
-. "ain Components
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
54/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *#
A9ia! 8an
-. "ain Components
&an)a't)rer@ Coim'o
"iameter@ 7M1( m
=!ades08an@
=!ade &ateria!@ 8RP
8an Speed@ 117M7 rpm
"esi$n 8an Pit'h@ M
-. "ain Components
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
55/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *%
-. "ain Components
Air &o+in$ System
8an
Power Train
&otor
1*3 DW rated power
#1( S0& rame
%*3 K
# phases0(3-/
1,73 rpm
-. "ain Components
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
56/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *(
Air &o+in$ System
8an
Power Train
Gear red)'er@
&an)a't)rer@ -ansen Rated
Capa'ity@ ##1 DWSer+i'e 8a'tor@ 2M1
Red)'tion ratio@ 1%.7###
Oi! !);ri'ation
4a;yrinth at o)tp)t
p
-. "ain Components
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
57/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there **
Air &o+in$ System
Gear red)'er
E9terna! !);ri'ation
pipe arran$ement
with@
Oi! 8i!! and drain !ineKent !ine
4a;yrinth $rease !ine
p
-. "ain Components
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
58/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *,
Air &o+in$ System
8an
Power Train Transmission shat
8!e9i;!e e!ementstype
Composite spa'er
Stain!ess stee!'o)p!in$s
"=SE %333 mm
Antire+erse
p
-. "ain Components
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
59/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *
Instrumentation
&e'hani'a! e)ipment
Ki;ration monitorin$ system ;y other
Ki;ration transmitter A!arm 0 Trip o motor or +ery hi$h +i;rations
Gear red)'er Oi! temperat)re meas)re
Temperat)re $a)$e
Contro! o oi! temperat)re
p
-. "ain Components
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
60/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there *7
Instrumentation
E!e'tri' motor
Windin$ temperat)re
PT133 Contin)o)s monitorin$ o temperat)re A!arm0Trip o motor or hi$h temperat)re
=earin$ temperat)re
PT133 Contin)o)s monitorin$ o temperat)re A!arm0Trip o motor or hi$h temperat)re
-. "ain Components
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
61/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ,3
Stru#ture
The 'omp!ete str)'t)re
'o!)mnsM ;eams and dia$ona!sis rea!ised with p)!tr)ded
proi!es in i;er reinor'ed
po!yester.
"ia$ona!s are an'hored to the
'on'rete ;asin with an'horin$p!ates.
Co!)mns are J)st !ayin$ on the
'on'rete.
On!y ;o!ted 'onne'tions
-. "ain Components
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
62/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ,1
Stru#ture
8an "e'DM -andrai!sM Stair
and !adder 'omp!ete!y in8RP
E9terna! '!addin$M partition
wa!!s in 'orr)$ated 8RP
pane!s
8RP an sta'D
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
63/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ,2
(. Str)'t)ra! "esi$n
. Stru#tural Desi&n
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
64/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ,#
4oads Wei$ht
Operatin$ !oadsM main!y water
4i+e !oads
wind seismi'
i'e and snow
maintenan'e !oads
. Stru#tural Desi&n
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
65/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ,%
&ateria!s
Stee!
4i$ht ind)stria! and a!!
-KAC
'!ean water maDe)p
!ow 'ost in -KAC si/es
. Stru#tural Desi&n
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
66/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ,(
&ateria!s
-iber!"%%
A!! -KACM !i$ht hea+y
ind)stria!M power
-and!es a wide ran$e o
water )a!ity Intermediate 'ost
. Stru#tural Desi&n
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
67/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ,*
&ateria!s
Pre%%+re Tre"ted W&&d 4ar$e -KACM !i$ht
hea+y ind)stria!M power
-and!es a wide ran$e o
water )a!ity 4owest 'ost
. Stru#tural Desi&n
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
68/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there ,,
&ateria!
C&n$rete
4ar$e -KACM !i$ht
hea+y ind)stria!M power
-and!es most water
)a!ity app!i'ations
hi$hest 'ost
8/10/2019 Presentation CT 160414
69/69
When air and water meet ... SPIG is there (
THANK .OU-OR .OUR
ATTENTION
78