RDA:Resource Description and AccessRDA: Resource Description and Access is the new, unified cataloging standard, designed for the digital world and an expanding universe of metadata users
Purpose and Scope
“RDA provides a set of guidelines and instructions on formulating data to support resource discovery”
“RDA provides a comprehensive set of guidelines and instructions covering all types of content and media”
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Latar belakang RDA
International Conference on the Principles and Future development of AACR (Toronto, 1997) Analisis struktur AACR2 Masalah:
Intellectual content vs. Physical format
Struktur tidak logis, kurang konsisten
Kesimpulan: AACR2 kurang fleksibel, tidak dapat mengakomodasi sumber
baru, tidak cocok untuk dunia digital
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Part I1. General Rules for
Description
2. Books, Pamphlets, and Printed Sheets
3. Cartographic Materials
4. Manuscripts
5. Music
6. Sound Recordings
7. Motion Pictures and Videorecordings
8. Graphic Materials
9. Electronic Resources
10. Three-Dimensional Artefacts and Realia
11. Microforms
12. Continuing Resources
13. Analysis
AACR2
Latar belakang RDAAACR3?
2004
Usul untuk menyusun AACR3:
Revisi menyeluruh Part I dari AACR2
Penyesuaian dengan FRBR *
Penambahan bagian ke-3 untuk authority control
Struktur AACR merupakan kendala besar
*Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
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Latar Belakang RDA2005 – diputuskan untuk menyusun standar baru
Resource Description and Access
Landasan standar baru ini masih AACR2(‘built on the strengths of AACR and the cataloguing traditions on which it was based’)tetapi:
Struktur dan penekanan baru Didesain untuk dunia digital Fleksibel dan mampu beradaptasi di masa depan
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RDAHasil kerjasama internasional:
Joint Steering Committee for Development of RDA
The American Library Association
The Australian Committee on Cataloguing
The British Library
The Canadian Committee on Cataloguing
CILIP: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals
The Library of Congress
+ Masukan dari organisasi & badan internasional, perpustakaan nasional dari negeri pengguna AACR maupun non-pengguna
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RDA Standar baru untuk resource description and access:
dirancang untuk dunia digital, tapi dapat digunakan untuk deskripsi semua jenis sumber (resources), digital maupun tradisional (= non-digital)
dikembangkan atas landasan AACR
berkerangka teoretis: model konseptual FRBR* dan FRAD**
fokus pada pengguna (user tasks): Find, Identify, Select, Obtain
*Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Reords**Functional Requirements for Authority Data
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RDA content standard dengan fokus pada isi deskripsi
“What” to record, not “how” (Petunjuk untuk data apa yang harus dicatat ada di bab 1-37, dan petunjuk untuk
menyajikan data di Appendix D dan E)
didesain untuk konteks internasional meninggalkan perspektif Anglo-American dari AACR
petunjuk dapat diterapkan oleh komunitas yang berbeda bahasa, aksara, sistem penomoran, satuan ukuran, sistem penanggalan
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RDA
dapat digunakan dengan berbagai encoding schema, misalnya :
MODS (Metadata Object Description Standard)
MARC
Dublin Core
memerhatikan perkembangan standar-standar untuk lembaga non-perpustakaan (arsip, museum, penerbit, dlsb) sehingga ada keterpaduan
dirancang untuk memanfaatkan efisiensi dan fleksibilitas teknologi baru untuk data capture, storage, retrieval, and display, tapi kompatibel dengan teknologi lama dari sarana temu kembali lama
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RDA Terbit Juni 2010 sebagai komponen dari RDA Toolkit
RDA = Online tool
http://www.rdaonline.org/
Penerbit: The American Library Association
The Canadian Library Association
CILIP: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals
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RDA Print:
RDA: Resource Description and Access (1096 p.)
RDA: Element Set View
Part 1 Attributes (1288 p.)
Part 2 Relationships (384 p.)
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Apa yang harus dilakukan sebagai persiapan?
RDA builds on the strengths of AACR2
RDA is compatible with internationally established principles, models, and standards
Simak lagi! AACR2
Prinsip, model, standar, yang sudah diterima secara internasional
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FRBR/FRAD
MARC ISBD
RDA
International Cataloguing Principles
Metadata standards
Konteks internasional
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Paris Principles 1961
•Sarana untuk standardisasi internasional
•Landasan bagi mayoritas standar pengatalogan
tetapi
• Hanya mencakup karya tekstual (cetak)
• Fokus pada pilihan dan bentuk entri katalog (kartu)
International Cataloguing Principles
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• Semua jenis bahan
• Semua aspek data bibliografi dan authority data
• Konsep-konsep dari model FRBR*
*Functional Requirements for Bibliographic data
International Cataloguing Principles
International Cataloguing Principles 2009
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International Cataloguing Principles 2009
Prinsip-prinsip:
• Kemudahan bagi pengguna• Bahasa dan istilah yang lazim dipakai• Data “apa adanya”• Data akurat• Data cukup dan perlu • Data bermakna bagi pengguna
International Cataloguing Principles
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Prinsip-prinsip (lanjutan):
• Ekonomis (proses pengatalogan)
• Taat azas dan standar (agar mudah tukar-menukar data)
• Terpadu (peraturan yang sama untuk semua jenis sumber)
International Cataloguing Principles
International Cataloguing Principles 2009
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International Standard Bibliographic Description (1971)
•Tujuan• Mencapai deskripsi bibliografi seragam• Memudahkan shared cataloguing
•Menetapkan•Unsur data wajib•Urutan unsur•Pungtuasi wajib
•Banyak ISBD (format specific)
ISBD
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International Standard Bibliographic Description (2007)
•Satu ISBD untuk semua format:
•ISBD – preliminary consolidated edition
•Menyatukan teks 7 ISBD khusus
•Disesuaikan dengan unsur –unsur FRBR
ISBD
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Masih tetap standar encoding yang paling banyak dipakai di lingkungan perpustakaanLebih berkembang daripada AACR2: ada ruas/tengara yang tidak mengacu ke peraturan AACR2Untuk menjaga kontinuitas, RDA harus kompatibel dengan MARC
MARC
Apa yang harus dilakukan sebagai persiapan?
RDA didasarkan atas kerangka teoretis yang menentukan bentuk, struktur, dan isi RDA
RDA menggunakan konsep dan terminologi FRBR dan FRAD
Kunci untuk memahami RDA = memahami FRBR* dan FRAD**
* Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Data**Functional Requirements for Authority Data
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RDAProyek renovasi
Dekonstruksi >>>>>>>>Rekonstruksi
Dekonstruksi bangunan lama (AACR2)
Rekonstruksi menjadi bangunan baru (RDA)
Kerangka bangunan baru:
FRBR FRAD
Komponen bangunan lama yang masih bagus menjadi batu bata (building blocks)bangunan baru
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The “FRBR family”
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
Functional Requirements for Authority Data
Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data
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FRBR, FRAD and FRSAD
Model konseptual untuk menjelaskan tujuan cantuman bibliografi dan cantuman pengendali (authority records) dan hubungan cantuman tersebut dengan kebutuhan penguna
Model yang menyatukan pandangan dan pemahaman para pengatalog. Model ini menciptakan kosa kata baru yang memperlancar komunikasi internasional antara pengatalog. Diskusi tentang konsep-konsep pengatalogan terbebas dari pengaruh peraturan atau sistem pengatalogan spesifik.
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“FRBR family” history
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records 1992 – working group formed
1997 – FRBR conceptual model published
Functional Requirements for Authority Data 1999- working group formed
2009- FRAD conceptual model published
Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data 2005- working group formed
2010- FRSAD conceptual model published
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FRBRLatar belakang: Kegiatan pengatalogan yang semakin kompleks dan
berbiaya tinggi mendorong banyak perpustakaan melakukan penyederhanaan pengatalogan (minimal level cataloging), kadang-kadang dengan mengorban-kan kualitas katalog.
Kode pengatalogan yang ada kurang bisa mengakomodasi sumber-sumber elektronik dan sumber internet
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FRBR Stockholm Seminar on Bibliographic Records (1990) Disponsori oleh IFLA Salah satu resolusi:
perlu dilakukan studi untuk menetapkan fungsi-fungsi yang harus dipenuhi suatu cantuman bibliografi
Tujuan studi:“The study has two primary objectives. The first is to provide
a clearly defined structured framework for relating the data that are recorded in bibliographic records to the needs of the users of those records. The second objective is to recommend a basic level of functionality for records created by national bibliographic agencies.” (FRBR, p7)
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FRBR Studi dilaksanakan oleh IFLA Study Group on the
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records 1992 - 1997
Final report dari studi ini diterbitkan September 1997 dengan judul:
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
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FRBR = model konseptual Hasil dari analisis mendetail data bibliografi dan
authority data
Data bibliografi dipandang dari perspektif pengguna
Fokus adalah pada apa yang penting bagi pengguna: setiap entitas, atribut dan hubungan yang dicatat dalam cantuman bibliografi atau cantuman pengendali harus relevan dan penting bagi pengguna.
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FRBR Apa yang diharapkan pengguna ketika ia
menggunakan katalog?
Cantuman bibliografi suatu katalog harus membantu pengguna menemukan, mengidentifikasi, memilih, dan mendapatkan produk-produk hasil upaya intelektual atau artistik
User tasks:
find, identify, select and obtain the products of intellectual or artistic endeavour
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User tasksFind
Menggunakan data untuk menemukan bahan yang sesuai dengan kriteria penelusuran pengguna Misalnya: semua dokumen tentang subyek tertentu, atau rekaman
dengan judul tertentu atau oleh pengarang tertentu
Identify
Menggunakan data yang telah ditemukan untuk mengidentifikasi suatu entitas Misalnya memastikan bahwa dokumen yang dideskripsikan dalam
suatu cantuman sama dengan dokumen yang dicari olehnya, atau membedakan antara dua teks atau rekaman dengan judul yang sama
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User tasksSelect
Menggunakan data untuk memilih suatu entitas yang cocok dengan kebutuhan pengguna Misalnya untuk memilih teks dalam bahasa yang dimengerti, buku
yang berilustrasi, peta dengan skala tertentu, dsb.
Obtain
Menggunakan data untuk memperoleh atau mengakses entitas yang dideskripsikan Misalnya memesan suatu publikasi, mengisi formulir peminjaman
di perpustakaan, atau mengakses sumber elektronik lewat internet
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FRBR dan FRAD Model E-R (Entity – Relationship)
Mendefinisikan entitas
Mendaftarkan atribut (ciri) entitas
Mengidentifikasi hubungan (relationship) antar entitas
Memetakan dengan user tasks
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FRBR entitiesGroup 1 entities Group 2 entities Group 3 entities
Work Person Concept
Expression Corporate Body Object
Manifestation Event
Item Place
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FRBR Group 1 entities
Work A distinct intellectual or artistic creation
Expression The intelectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical, or choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement, etc, or any combination of such forms
Manifestation The physical embodiment of an expression of a work
Item A single exemplar of a manifestation
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Item
Entitas konkrit
Buku Jane Austen berjudul Pride and Prejudice, yang diterbitkan tahun 1981 oleh Random House Publishing, milik perpustakaan FIB-UI
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Manifestation Semua obyek fisik atau virtual yang mempunyai
karakteristik yang sama dalam hal isi intelektual dan bentuk
Semua terbitan Random House Publishing berisi karya Jane Austen berjudul Pride and Prejudice, berbahasa Inggris, yang diterbitkan tahun 1981
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Expression Bentuk intelektual atau artistik, seperti bahasa,
lambang alfa-numerik, musik, koreografi, bunyi, citra, obyek, gerakan, dsb. atau kombinasinya
Teks alfa-numerik dalam bahasa Inggris dari Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen
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Work Ciptaan intelektual atau artistik sebagai suatu entitas
abstrak
Karakter dan alur Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen
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Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Intellectual or artistic activity and content
Physical characteristics
FRBR Primary relationships: w – e – m - i
Memungkinkan pengelompokan atau clustering
Sarana realisasi fungsi kolokasi (collocation) katalog perpustakaan
Rules for a dictionary catalog (Cutter, 1904)
Paris Principles (1961)
Statement of International Cataloging Principles (2009)
… to find sets of resources representing
all resources belonging to the same work
all resources embodying the same expression
all resources exemplifying the same manifestation
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FRBR Attributes
Setiap entitas memiliki sekelompok ciri atau atribut
Pengguna menggunakan atribut entitas untuk mencari & menemukan, mengidentifikasi, memilih, dan memperoleh entitas
Misalnya: mencari buku lewat atribut judul, pengarang, tahun terbit, ISBN, atau atribut lain
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FRBRAttributes of a Work
• Title• Date• Form (e.g. poem, map, painting)• Intended termination• Intended audience• Context• Coordinates and Equinox (Cartographic works)• Medium of performance, Numeric designation and Key
(Musical works)• Any other characteristic that serves to differentiate a work
from another of the same title
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FRBRAttributes of an Expression
• Form (e.g. alpha-numeric notation, spoken word, mime)• Date• Language/s• Extensibility (e.g. future volumes in a multi-vol.)• Revisability (e.g. draft or integrating resource)• Extent (e.g. number of words, duration of performance)• Summarization (e.g. abstract, table of contents)• Context• Critical response• Use restrictions• Any other characteristic that serves to differentiate
an expression from another expression of the same work
........................
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FRBRAttributes of a Manifestation
• Title
• Statement of responsibility
• Edition/Issue designation
• Imprint (place, date, publisher, manufacturer)
• Series statement
• Identifier (e.g. ISBN)
• Physical description (form, extent, composition, dimensions)
• Capture mode
• Source of acquisition
• Terms of availability
• Access restrictions
……………………….
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FRBRAttributes of an Item
• Identifier (e.g. accession number, call number, barcode)
• Provenance• Marks and inscriptions• Torn or missing pages• Exhibition history• Treatment history• Access restrictions
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FRBR menentukan struktur RDA Part 1
Section 1: Recording attributes of manifestation and item All physical formats, not one per chapter
Describing carriers
Section 2: Recording attributes of work and expression Describing content
Section 3: Recording attributes of person, family, corporate body
Section 4: Recording attributes of concept, object, event, place (Concept, Object, Event still at placeholder stage)
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RDA dan FRBR relationships Kerangka konseptual RDA = FRBR
FRBR = Entity – Relationship model
RDA Section 5 - 10 : Recording relationships
RDA Appendices I – L : Relationship designators
Memungkinkan “clustering”
Sangat mendukung fungsi kolokatif katalog
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FRBR relationships (contoh)
Group 1 entity Relationship Group 2 entity
work created by person
expression translated by person
manifestation published by corporate body
Item owned by family
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RDARDA structure Part 2
Section 5: Recording primary relationships Work-expression-manifestation-item relationships
Section 6: Recording relationships to persons, families, and corporate bodies associated with a resource
Section 7: Recording subject relationships (placeholder)
Section 8: Recording relationships between works, expressions, manifestations , and items
Section 9: Recording relationships between persons, families, and corporate bodies
Section 10: Recording relationships between concepts, objects, events, and places (placeholder)
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FRAD (Functional Requirements for Authority Data)
User Tasks
Find person/s, family/families, corporate body/bodies, works, etc
based on known information
Identify Confirm person or family or corporate body or work, etc is the
one sought
Contextualize clarify the relationship between entities, such as earlier and
later names of a corporate body
Justify the controlled access point
FRADAttributes of a Person
Dates
Title
Gender
Place of birth
Place of death
Country with which the person is identified
Place of residence
Affiliation
Address
Language
Field of activity
Profession or occupation
Biography or history
Any other information by which a person is known or identified
FRAD Attributes of a Family
Type of family
Clan, dynasty, family unit
Dates associated with family
Field of activity
History of family
FRADAttributes of a Corporate Body
Place associated with corporate body
Dates associated with corporate body
Language
Address
Field of activity
History
Any other information that differentiates one corporate body from another
Apa yang beda?
Cetak vs. Online interactive tool (juga ada versi cetak)
Format based vs Format neutral
Struktur dan terminologi beda
Levels of description vs. Core elements
GMD vs. Content, Carrier and Media type
Main entry vs. authorised access points
Perbedaan transkripsi dan perekaman data
AACR2 vs RDA
AACR2•Description
–ISBD elements–classes of material–mode of issuance–type of description
•Access–choice of access points–form of headings–References
RDA•Description
–attributes of FRBR entities–types of content and carrier–mode of issuance–type of description
•Access–FRBR relationships–attributes of FRAD entities–FRAD relationships–subject relationships*
AACR2 vs RDA
AACR2 - levels of description
Eg First level title proper
first statement of responsibility
edition statement
material specific details
first publisher, etc.
date of publication, etc.
extent of item
notes
standard number
RDA - core elements title proper
first statement of responsibility
designation of edition
designation of a named revision of an edition
numbering of serials
scale of cartographic content
first place of publication
first publisher’s name
date of publication
title proper of series/subseries
numbering within series/subseries
identifier for the manifestation
carrier type
extent
Levels of description
General Material Designation
electronic resource
microform
sound recording
videorecording
filmstrip
motion picture
slide
transparency
cartographic material
music
text
Media Typeaudio
computer
microform
video
Carrier typefilm reel
filmstrip
overhead transparency
slide
Content Typecartographic ...
notated music
text
...and more!
Source: Adapted from AACR2 vs. RDA by Tom Delsey given at From rules to entities: cataloguing with RDA (Preconference of the Canadian Library Association Conference, May 29, 2009)
GMD diganti dengan 3 kategori
Source: RDA: Resource description and access (©2010– American Library Association, Canadian Library Association, and CILIP: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals)
Ruas baru untuk kategori pengganti GMD
Source: Changes from AACR2 to RDA: A comparison of examples / Adam L. Schiff
Ruas baru untuk 3 kategori baru
Main entry and authorised access points
Main entry (Card catalogue)
Primary access point (Online catalogue)
Authorised access point for the WORK
(RDA and FRBR)
Representation (International Cataloguing Principles)
Deskripsi dan bentuk nama “apa adanya”
“take what you see”
Hindari:
Penggunaan singkatan
Penghilangan informasi yang relevan
Penambahan informasi
Pengubahan informasi
Recording/Transcribing data
Example records (RDA)
020 $a 8190366157040 ## $a NRC $c NRC $e rda245 10 $a Food security in India : $b challenges of 21th century / $c Dr.Anshu.246 3# $i Title on cover: $a Food security in India : challenges of 21stcentury250 ## $a First edition.260 ## $a [Place of publication not identified] : $b [publisher notidentified], $c 2009 $e (Patna, Bihar : $f Kalakriti Offset)300 ## $a vi, 246 pages : $b illustrations, map ; $c 23 cm336 ## $a text $2 rdacontent336 ## $a cartographic image $2 rdacontent337 ## $a unmediated $2 rdamedia338 ## $a volume $2 rdacarrier504 ## $a Includes bibliographical references.700 0# $a Anshu $c (Professor), $e editor of compilation.
f
Example records (RDA)
022 ## $a 0317-6878041 0# $a eng $a fre210 0# $a CA mag. $b (Tor.)222 #0 $a CA magazine $b (Toronto)245 00 $a CA magazine.260 ## $a Toronto, Ontario ; $a Montreal, Quebec : $b Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants, $c 1974-300 ## $a volumes : $b illustrations (chiefly colour), portraits ; $c 29 cm.310 ## $a 10 times a year (with combined issues in January/February and June/July), $b 1990s?-321 ## $a Monthly, $b January 1974-1990s?336 ## $a text $2 rdacontent337 ## $a unmediated $2 rdamedia338 ## $a volume $a rdacarrier362 0# $a Volume 104, no. 1 (January 1974)-530 ## $a Also available in microfilm and microfiche format.546 ## $a In English; includes some text in French.
Example records
(Authority record)
100 1_ |a Sesser, Janet R. 370 __ |c U.S. |f Phoenix, Ariz. 371 __ |m [email protected] 373 __ |a High-Tech Inst. 373 __ |a TCI Education, Inc. 374 __ |a corporate director 374 __ |a corporate dean 374 __ |a vice-president 375 __ |a female 377 __ |a eng 670 __ |a Houser, Helen J. LWW’s medical assisting exam review for CMA amd RMA certification, c2005: |b CIP t.p. (Janet R. Sesser, BS, RMA, CMA; corp. dir. of Education, Allied Health, High-Tech Inst., Phoenix, Ariz.) ([email protected]).....
Example records
(Authority record)
110 1_ |a Wisconsin. |b Dept. of Transportation 410 1_ |a Wisconsin. |b Transportation, Dept. of 410 2_ |a WisDOT 670 __ |a Implementing transportation research, 2002: |b cover (Wisconsin Dept. of Transportation; WisDOT) 710 14 |a Wisconsin. |b Department of Transportation 952 __ |a RETRO 953 __ |a xx00 |b ga37
RDA Timeline (US Libraries) June 22, 2010: Public release of RDA Toolkit.
July 1-September 30, 2010: Test partners use this three-month period to become familiar with the content of RDA and with navigating the RDA Toolkit.
October 1-December 31, 2010: Test partners produce records in the test and share them with the US RDA Test Coordinating Committee.
January 1-March 31, 2011: The US RDA Test Coordinating Committee analyzes the results of the test and prepares its report to the
management of the three national libraries. April-June 2011: RDA Test report is evaluated by LC, NLM, NAL
July–September 2011: LC releases the RDA Test Report and announces their decision on implementation of RDA. Other JSC national libraries (NLA, LAC, British Library) consider their responses to the RDA Test Report.
Timeframe for implementation – to be confirmed
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Sumber: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: Final Report
http://www.ifla.org/files/cataloguing/frbr/frbr_2008.pdf
RDA Toolkit
Statement of International Cataloging Principles
http://www.ifla.org/files/cataloguing/icp/icp_2009-en.pdf
Argus, Catherine. The “FRBR family” : the Relationship to RDA.
http://www.nla.gov.au/lis/stndrds/grps/acoc/documents/FRBRandRDA.PPT
Schiff, Adam. Changes from AACR2 to RDA: a Comparison of Examples.
http://www.rda-jsc.org/docs/BCLAPresentation.ppt
Stephens, Jenny. From AACR2 to RDA (and a few things in between): the History and Context of RDA Development
http://www.nla.gov.au/lis/stndrds/grps/acoc/documents/History ofRDA.ppt>
Stephens, Jenny. From AACR2 to RDA: the Purpose and Structure of RDA.
http://www.nla.gov.au/lis/stndrds/grps/acoc/documents/FromAACR2toRDAthestructureandpurposeofRDA.PPT>
Maxwell, Robert. FRBR: a Guide for the Perplexed. Chicago: ALA, 2008
Oliver, Chris. Introducing RDA: a Guide to the Basics. Chicago, ALA, 2010
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Terima kasih atas perhatian Anda!
Ingin bertanya? Hubungi: [email protected]
Cari tulisan sederhana tentang RDA dan FRBR?kunjungi :
<http:pustakawan.typepad.com/mlis>
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