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Four types of installation can be used in buildings. Lifts, escalators, paternosters and travelators.
Lifts are widely employed to make vertical circulation quicker and easier and they make possible buildings rising above the four or five floors which would be a maximum for reasonable access on foot.
Escalators occupy considerable floor space and being inclined, they raise people through a limited height, but they will deal with large numbers (a 900mm wide escalator is capable of handling 6000 people per hour).
Paternoster are rare in this country but they are widely used in Europe. They are particularly appropriate where internal circulation is the critical feature rather than inward or outward flow.
Travelators assist in the movement of large number of people horizontally or up very limited inclines.
Impact of transportation for building: Space
- To house the system/ affect the floor size Structure
- Strong enough to support the system Design
- Building may be large and tall Economic
- Extra cost needed for the installation and maintenance- It enhance the selling cost and rental cost
Lift Car
Bubble Lift
Passenger Lift
Has an important significant impact on the functioning of the building
Makes vertical movement, quicker and easier compare to paternoster
Makes possible for building to be build height (more than 5 storeys)
The number and size of the lifts installation must be related to:
1.the population of the building;2.types of building occupancy;3.the starting finishing times of the
population, whether staggered or unified;4.number of floors and heights;5.position of building in relation to public
transport services in which a building near a traffic terminal generally has high passenger peaks during arrival hours.
Classification Traveling time
excellent < 45 s
good 45 s - > 55 s
fair 55 s - > 65 s
satisfactory > 65 s
An escalator is a conveyor transport device for transporting people, consisting of a staircase whose steps move up or down on tracks that keep the surfaces of the individual steps horizontal
Floor Plate
Emergency Stop
Handrail
Steps (grooved)
1. Handrail Inlet Stops the escalator when an object becomes wedged between the handrail and the handrail inlet
2. Skirt GuardStops the escalator when an object becomes wedged between a step and the skirt guard panel
3. Step Travel Stops the escalator when a step is displaced by an up thrust
4. Emergency StopStops the escalator when pressed
5. Drive ChainStops the escalator when the chain becomes stretched excessively
6. Step ChainStops the escalator when the chain becomes stretched excessively or breaks
7. Overload Stops the escalator when a current larger than the rated value follows through the motor
8. GovernorStops the escalator when the escalator speed becomes higher or lower than the rated speed
Can carry travel up to 300m
Speed range between 0.6 of up to 1.3m/s.
If combined with walking, the overall pace could be about 2.5m/s.
7200 passengers per hour can be carried
Very much similar to escalator in its component parts
1 Demarcation Line
2 Inside Deck Cover
3 Pallet Tread
4 Panel
5 Handrail
6 Handrail Frame
7 Skirt Guard
8 Outside Deck Cover
9 Comb
10 Comb Plate
11 Landing Plate
Also known earlier as the continuously moving lift.
Moves people vertically
Consists of open fronted cars as in lifts but much smaller in size
It does not stop for the passenger to enter or alight
It could handle twice as many 'up' passengers as the most advanced high-speed lifts of its time Can cater for a comparable volume of traffic at the same time on the downward phase of the cycle. Its continuous motion allows passengers to travel without loss of waiting of time. Its performance over more than six storey is limited by its low speed, 0.4 m/s. Its maximum carrying capacity is 720 passengers per hour
System Capacity per hour
of incline Type of purpose
Speed
Elevator/LiftDepend on: size speed pattern
90o PedestrianGoods
1 – 7 m/s
Escalator 5,000 – 8,000 30o - 35o PedestrianGoods
0.5 m/s
Travelator 5,000 – 8,000 0o - 15o PedestrianGoods
0.5 m/s
Paternoster 720 90o Pedestrian 0.35 m/s
TQ
1. Explain the circumstances in which lifts are chosen instead of escalator as mechanical handling system in a building. (Group 1 & 2) 2. Briefly explain the types of escalator arrangement commonly used in commercial building. (Group 3 & 4) 3. Discuss the appropriate transport system in hospital. (Group 5 & 6) 4. State the advantages and disadvantages of hydraulic lift and electric lift. (Group 7 & 8)
