Air Defense Identification (ADIZ) - The Course

Presented to:

By:

Date:

Federal AviationAdministrationAir Defense

Identification Zone (ADIZ) – The Course

Special Use Airspace (SUA) and Temporary Flight Restricted Airspace (TFR) Segment

April 12, 2023 2 2Federal AviationAdministration

<ADIZ, SUA & TFR – The Course. Rev 0>November 11, 2008

Agenda• CHAPTER 1 - SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

– What is the Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ)?– Special Use Airspace and Temporary Flight Restricted Area (SUA/TFR)

• CHAPTER 2 - ADIZ EQUIPMENT & PROCEDURES – ADIZ Standards, Ingress/Egress Procedures and Exceptions (POTOMAC

CONSOLIDATED TRACON (PCT) controlled)

• CHAPTER 3 - TRAINING – Special awareness rule affecting pilots who fly in the vicinity of the ADIZ– Navigating the New *DC ADIZ course on FAASafety.gov. (District of Columbia)

• CHAPTER 4 - RISK ASSESSMENT & MITIGATION– Risk Mitigation through System Design, Risk Assessment & Controls, Training

and Communication. – Flight training organizations and individuals

• CHAPTER 5 - AVIATION SAFETY REPORTING SYSTEM (ASRS) – Voluntary Reporting and Feedback Systems

Presented to:

By:

Date:

Federal AviationAdministration CHAPTER 1 - System

Description

Special Use and Temporary Flight Restricted Airspace



Special Use Airspace

• Prohibited and Restricted Areas regulated under 14 CFR Part 73– Will result in pilot deviation if transgressed – Prohibited areas – no operation permitted at any time– Restricted areas – hours of operation and frequency listed on

IFR/VFR chart-panel• Warning Area (Caution Advised)

– Extends 3-miles outward from the U.S. Coast– Activity may be hazardous to non-participating aircraft

• Military Operating Areas (Extreme Caution Advised)– DOD authorized to operate in excess of 250knots, low-level, and

aerobatic maneuvers within MOA– Pilots should exercise extreme caution and contact FSS/ATC to

determine hours of operation• Alert Area (Responsible for Collision Avoidance)

– High volume pilot training



Special Use Airspace

• Controlled Firing Areas (CFA)– Contains activities if not conducted in a controlled

environment could be hazardous to aircraft.– Spotter aircraft, radar and ground lookout positions

are used to alert the CFA that an aircraft is approaching



Temporary Flight Restrictions

• Purposes for protection of persons and property in the air or on the surface– Protection associated with incident on the surface– Operation of disaster-relief aircraft– Unsafe congestion of sightseeing aircraft– Protect declared National disasters in State of

Hawaii– Protect Presidential and other public figures– Safe environment for Space-Agency operations

Presented to:

By:

Date:

Federal AviationAdministrationSystem Description

Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ)



Airmans Information Manual (AIM)

All references are to the ‘Onshore ADIZ’ located in Washington D.C.



‘Offshore’ and ‘Onshore’ ADIZ procedures are starkly different – yet both are referenced in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)



System Description - ADIZ

ON-LAND ADIZ EXISTS IN WASHINGTON DC – ONLY• Border is 30NM radius of the DCA/VOR, Washington

DC – Speed restrictions 180KIAS to 30NM and 230KIAS to 60NM– Specific procedures for Leesburg Airport and Maneuvering

area and fringe airports (6-airports)

• Ingress/Egress procedures– Airport Facility Directory Northeast (AFD)– Sector frequencies and radials on reverse side of Washington

Terminal Area Chart– Online training at FAASafety.gov required by new rule FAR

91.161



Effective Effective 8/30/07 New 8/30/07 New ADIZ – 30NM ADIZ – 30NM

DCA VORDCA VOR



WOOLYWOOLY Gate Gate

PALEOPALEO Gate Gate

WHINOWHINO GateGateBRVBRV

GateGate

FLUKYFLUKY Gate Gate

JASENJASEN Gate Gate

LUCKELUCKE GateGate

GRUBYGRUBY

Interstate 95Interstate 95

Interstate 270Interstate 270

VA Route 7VA Route 7

VA Route 29VA Route 29

West side of West side of Lunga ReservoirLunga Reservoir

Western boundaryWestern boundaryPotomac River / Potomac River / Widewater Beach Widewater Beach

Northern boundaryNorthern boundaryWicomico River Wicomico River

Boundary abeam Boundary abeam Chesapeake BeachChesapeake Beach

DCA341R

DCA341R

AM

L023R

AM

L023R

BAL0

23R

BAL0

23R

DCA

047R

DCA

047R

OTT107ROTT107RDCA120R

DCA120R

OTT205R

OTT205R

DC

A173R

DC

A173R

DCA310R

DCA310R

DCA270RDCA270R

DCA237R

DCA237R

AML193R

AML193R

DC

A215R

DC

A215R

126.75126.75

132.775132.775

126.75126.75 132.775132.775

125.125125.125

127.325127.325

127.325127.325

127.325127.325

125.125125.125

FDK175RFDK175R

AML341R

AML341R

AML233RAML233R

BRV336RBRV336R

BRVBRV029R029R

CSN054RCSN054R

MRB150RMRB150R 127.325127.325

Rev 8/17/0712:50PM

Washington Sectional (Reverse-side)





Higher Level Monitoring

The FAA has promised the security folks to do ‘higher level monitoring’



Higher Level Monitoring

Every VFR track in the ADIZ must be continuously accounted for…



New New SECURITY SERVICESSECURITY SERVICES Positions Positions

– Pilot must file a separate VFR flight plan for ‘extra-ADIZ’ services

– Pilot should verify intentions with the controller



• ADIZ EASTADIZ EAST– Chesapeake (BWI) area 132.775Chesapeake (BWI) area 132.775

• ADIZ SOUTHADIZ SOUTH – Mount Vernon (DCA) area 125.125Mount Vernon (DCA) area 125.125

• ADIZ WESTADIZ WEST– Shenandoah (SHD) area 127.325Shenandoah (SHD) area 127.325

New New SECURITY SERVICESSECURITY SERVICES Positions Positions



•ADIZ traffic onlyADIZ traffic only

•No Class BNo Class B

•No FFNo FF

• IFRIFR

•Class B

Class B

•Flight

Flight F

ollowing

Following

SECURITY SERVICESSECURITY SERVICES POSITIONPOSITION



CHPCHP

MTVMTV

SHDSHD



ATC Security Positions – SummaryATC Security Positions – Summary

• No ATC No ATC basic radar servicesbasic radar services or flight or flight followingfollowing

• No ATC IFR No ATC IFR separationseparation or VFR or VFR flight flight followingfollowing services services

• ““Transponder Observed” does Transponder Observed” does notnot convey ATC convey ATC services are providedservices are provided

• Controllers must report loss/intermittent Mode Controllers must report loss/intermittent Mode C, C, suspicious activitysuspicious activity or destination change or destination change



ATC Security Positions - ExpandedATC Security Positions - Expanded

• A separate VFR Flight Plan must be filed for A separate VFR Flight Plan must be filed for flight following or separation services upon flight following or separation services upon exiting the ADIZexiting the ADIZ

• Instrument Qualified, equipped and current? – Instrument Qualified, equipped and current? – go IFR! go IFR! – Do not depart on a 1200 Code – EVER!!Do not depart on a 1200 Code – EVER!!



ATC Security Terminology – “Transponder ATC Security Terminology – “Transponder Observed”Observed”

• The aircraft’s assigned beacon code and The aircraft’s assigned beacon code and position has been observed.position has been observed.

• Pilots who hear this transmission should not Pilots who hear this transmission should not

expect or assume any ATC servicesexpect or assume any ATC services

• The term conveys the transponder reply is The term conveys the transponder reply is observed and its observed and its position correlatedposition correlated for for movement through security airspacemovement through security airspace..



Security Tracking Procedures Security Tracking Procedures (Controllers)(Controllers)

• Maintain radio communications with all aircraft Maintain radio communications with all aircraft operating within the DC ADIZ. operating within the DC ADIZ.

• Report loss of communications.Report loss of communications.• Continuously trackContinuously track all DC ADIZ aircraft to all DC ADIZ aircraft to

ensure that they squawk the assigned ensure that they squawk the assigned transponder code with altitude. transponder code with altitude.

• Report intermittent or loss of Mode C. Report intermittent or loss of Mode C. • Report any suspicious activity or unannounced Report any suspicious activity or unannounced

change of destination.change of destination.



• Security positions will be checking…….Security positions will be checking…….– Deviation from assigned course/altitudeDeviation from assigned course/altitude– Radio FailureRadio Failure– Loss of RADAR trackLoss of RADAR track– Transponder Failure or Equipment Transponder Failure or Equipment

MalfunctionMalfunction

Security Tracking Positions– Security Tracking Positions– Summary of ResponsibilitiesSummary of Responsibilities











JYOA009 08

Presented to:

By:

Date:

Federal AviationAdministrationCHAPTER 2 - ADIZ

Equipment & Procedures

Special Terms & Procedures, Ingress/Egress and Standard Requirements



Equipment and Procedures• STANDARD EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES

– Two way radio– Operating Transponder/C– ADIZ flight plan: except Towered Pattern and Fringe Airport exiting

• LEESBURG AND FRINGE AIRPORTS (non-towered)– Discrete code except :

– JYO Outbound 1226 /X Inbound 1227 /X– Fringe airport outbound 1205– Towered Pattern 1234

• LEESBURG AND FRINGE AIRPORTS (non-towered)– Two way communication with ATC except:

– JYO uses CTAF– Fringe monitor Guard (121.5)– Non-Towered Pattern work use CTAF AND monitor guard











Presented to:

By:

Date:

Federal AviationAdministrationCHAPTER 3 - Safety

Awareness Rule (FAR 91.161)

Training Course, Certificate and Surveillance



New ADIZ Training Requirement• SUMMARY: The FAA is requiring ``special awareness'' training for

any pilot who flies under visual flight rules (VFR) within a 60-nautical-mile (NM) radius of the Washington, DC VHF omni-directional range/ distance measuring equipment (DCA VOR/DME).

• DATES: This final rule is effective on February 9, 2009



Approved Training Site – FAASafety.gov

This training has been developed and provided by the FAA on its www.FAASafety.gov Web site and focuses primarily on training pilots on the procedures for flying in and around the Washington, DC Metropolitan Area Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) and the Washington, DC

Metropolitan Area Flight Restricted Zone (FRZ).



ADIZ Special Awareness - Rule

– PIC/SIC operating VFR within 60NM of Washington DC VORTAC

– Complete ADIZ Special Awareness Training, and;– Download and Print the Certificate of completion– Only online training at FAASafety.gov approved– Excludes Pt. 121 & Pt. 135 ambulance operations,

the U.S. Armed Forces or a Law Enforcement Agency



Inspection of Certificate of Training

• 14 CFR 91.161(c ) Inspection of training completion– Must present upon request to FAA, NTSB; Federal,

State or local Law Enforcement office; or authorized representative of TSA

– Verify by pilot number in SPANS



ADIZ Course Completion Certificate



Steps to obtain ADIZ Special Awareness Training

• Register your e-mail address on FAASafety.gov to obtain an account

Select Advanced Learning Center



Steps to obtain ADIZ Special Awareness Training

Enter ‘Navigating the New DC ADIZ’ on keyword search

Select the ‘view course’ link Navigating the New DC ADIZ - Course Table of Contents

“Click here to go to my courses” to resume any courses you are currently enrolled in



Training – Completed but need to print the Certificate?

Log-in to FAASafety.gov account

Select ‘My Courses’ on ‘MyFAASafety.gov’ page

Choose the link to the course title you desire

– The certificate page allows you to download and print a copy of your certificate of completion in two sizes – wallet size and 8.5” x 11” regular award size

Presented to:

By:

Date:

Federal AviationAdministrationCHAPTER 4 - Risk

Assessment & Mitigation

Flight Standards (AFS-800 and FAASTeam)



Pilot Deviation by Type - Oct 07 - June 08

15 18 9 13 13 16 12 16 16

4356

3645 44 48 44

60 55

5637

23

29 3042 54

5044

7957

56

72 63

67

106

107

66

56

44

34

4641

42

38

62

52

43

35

22

36

24

40

29

50

53

10

11

6

9

10

6

2

14

4

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Oct-07 Nov-07 Dec-07 Jan-08 Feb-08 Mar-08 Apr-08 May-08 Jun-08

Surface PD not RI Surface PD RIAir Type not reported Alt bustCourse Dev Airspace ClearenceOther Types



ADIZ pilot deviations – 2003 to 2007

208194

118 118

200

291314

190152

166 163

126

76

112

97

158 158116

6351

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1ST QTR 2ND QTR 3RD QTR 4TH QTR

CY03

CY04

CY05

CY06

CY07

DC ADIZ* Breaches by QuarterCY-03 thru CY-07

*Includes P56 & FRZ



Airspace Incursions, Minus ADIZ

Airspace Violations Minus ADIZ:October, 2007 through June, 2008

36

28

18

27

1925

18

37

45

0

10

20

30

40

50

OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN



Washington, D.C. ADIZ Violations

7 7

4

9

6

15

1213

8

0

2

4

68

10

12

14

16

OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN

Airspace Incursions, ADIZ Only



So – what are we going to do about it?So – what are we going to do about it?

Bottom Line: Trends are increasing across the board. Bottom Line: Trends are increasing across the board.

This is unacceptable.This is unacceptable.



Flight Standards Action

1) Enhanced Awareness: Increase/reemphasize awareness and importance of PDs, their prevention and useful data collection when they do occur

2) Data Acquisition: Develop methodology(s) for acquiring useful data on causes driving PDs

3) Determine Root Cause: Analysis of acquired data to determine root causes (FAASTeam Action)

4) Create Solutions: Develop and implement solutions derived from root cause analyses

Flight Standards Will Confront the Issue on Four Fronts:



The Air Defense Identification Zone/Temporary Flight Restriction

• ADIZ System Design, Development and Risk Controls – Analyze the System– Assess the Risk– Establish Control Measures– Determine Control Effectiveness– Provide Continuous Improvement through

communication feedback and education



Risk Management Process



Definition of a Hazard

• A Hazard is a condition that

results in a consequence

• Looking at in another way – “A poor workplace condition becomes a hazard when it has the potential to cause an error or failure resulting in an undesired consequence..”



Identifying Hazards in the ADIZ

• Workplace Conditions (S-H-E-L-L) “Tools needed to get the job done”– Training and Currency; GPS-Software, Manuals,

Checklists and SOPs– Aircraft and Equipment, Computers and Phones– Terrain, FBO, Day/Night Operation, Other Aircraft– Clerk/Dispatcher; ATC, FSS, FBO-Personnel and

Pilots, Chief Flight Instructor



Identifying Hazards in the ADIZ

• System Process – Task analysis – Performance of activity/s necessary to

operate in the ADIZ– ADIZ Flight Plan– Communicate with ATC– Activate Mode-C Transponder



Risk Analysis

• Likelihood = ‘Potential for Harm’ when applied to your operation– Familiarity and Proximity to ADIZ – Age of Fleet and Type of Installed Equipment– SOPs, Checklists and Manuals current for the Type

of Operation– Training Currency and Applicability– ADIZ Service Providers; FSS and ATC



Assessing the Risk in ADIZ Operations

• Special Reports, Public Forums/Internal Feedback

“How can the Process Fail?” “What makes life hard for Us?” ‘3 R’s’ – “Who does What for Us?” (Roles,

Responsibilities and Relationships)



ADIZ System Defenses

• Charts, Procedures and Checklists– FAASafety.gov

• Training and Education– FAASTeam Work Program, Online Learning Library,

ATC Open House

• FSS Briefings– Telephone, Computer and DUATS service



Common Errors in the ADIZ

• “Early Rollover” to 1200 transponder code• Know your transponder:

– Default setting in many digital transponders is 1200– Avoid inadvertent entry of 1200 code when selecting another

code – Recycle all four-digits when entering a new transponder code– Failure to set transponder to Mode-C (Alt) on takeoff

• Loss of situational awareness due to increased stress and task-load

• Negative Habit transfer from long-term reinforced habit patterns



Risk Factors in Temporary Flight Restricted Areas

• Temporary Flight Restrictions are briefed by – NOTAM by FSS Briefers, DUATS and online NOTAM sites

(tfr.faa.gov); Static nature of briefings – May NOT capture all NOTAMS for period of flight. Dynamic

nature of airspace changes– ‘pop-up’ at random locations and times

• Workplace factors to account for…………… – TFR coincides with time and location of planned flight– TFR expands borders of charted Prohibited and/or Special Use

Airspace (P-40 & Thurmont MD)– Navigation equipment does not display airspace

developments in ‘real-time’



National Security & Intercept Procedures

• Review AIM 5-6-3 Intercept Procedures for fixed-wing and rotor-wing aircraft– Monitor Guard (121.5) at all times– U.S. Coast Guard uses helicopters to intercept– Be prepared to establish radio communications to

follow instructions– If interceptor is UHF equipped be prepared to use

navigation light signals– Printout and retain copy of procedures





ADIZ Risk Controls and Effectiveness – ‘Top Down’• Are the procedures working well for what they were

designed? (risk mitigation?)• Are the agencies (FAA, NCRCC, NTSB) meeting with

industry to discuss the design effectiveness?• Is the Operator Management periodically reviewing

checklists, Standard Operating Procedures and Manuals for changes?

• Is the Operator holding regular pilot meetings to review and discuss updates in training and manuals and SOPs?



Communication and Training

• Internal Feedback from Flight Instructors and Public– Are the ADIZ Procedures, Level of Training and Education

effective?

• External Feedback – Database (ASRS & FAA)– FPMs ADIZ Observations and Oversight Actions result in

Reduction in Pilot Deviations?

• Adherence to Flight Restrictions and Procedures– Feedback from Government/Agencies

– Increased System Controls and Defenses

– Reduction/Increase in Pilot Freedom/s

– Increase in ATC workload?

Presented to:

By:

Date:

Federal AviationAdministrationCHAPTER 5 - Aviation

Safety Reporting System (ASRS)

Non-Punitive Information Reporting System - Aviation Safety Reporting Program (ASRP)



ASRS Online Database

• (a) Database Query for specific criteria• (b) Database Reports Sets for report sets by

group









ASRS Online Database - Query



ASRS Online Database - Query



ASRS Online Database – Query



ASRS Report Sets



ASRS Report Sets



ASRS Report Sets



Report Set Findings

• Penetration of Prohibited Airspace (50 report-set)– 26 ADIZ-related Reports– Majority filed for ‘waiver of sanction’ protection– ASRS receives over 33,000 reports annually– Ca. 1/10th or 3000 reports are entered into the

database• Specific ADIZ issues reported

– Low flight-hours combined with multitasking– Deviation from standard procedures, or request for ‘non-

standard’ service– Lack of familiarity with area and procedures