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UNIVERSE
QS Al-Anbiyaa’ : 30
Dan apakah orang-orang yang kafir tidak mengetahui bahwasanya langit dan bumi itu keduanya dahulu adalah suatu yang padu, kemudian Kami pisahkan antara keduanya. Dan dari air Kami jadikan segala sesuatu yang hidup. Maka mengapakah mereka tiada juga beriman?
The Sombrero Galaxy, an example of an unbarred spiral galaxy. Credit:Hubble Space Telescope/NASA/ESA
NGC 1300, an example of a barred spiral galaxy. Credit:Hubble Space Telescope/NASA/ESA
Hoag's Object, an example of a ring galaxy. Credit:Hubble Space Telescope/NASA/ESA
Multiwavelength X-ray, infrared, and optical compilation image of Kepler's Supernova Remnant, SN 1604. (Chandra X-ray Observatory)
" ketika langit pecah belah lalu menjadilah ia mawar merah, berkilat seperti minyak"(Ar-Rahman: 37)
Supernovae : Chandara X-Ray Telescope
v • d • e
Milky Way Galaxy
Infrared image of the core of the Milky Way galaxy
Observation data
Type SBbc (barred spiral galaxy)
Diameter 100,000 light years
Thickness 1,000 light years
Number of stars 200 to 400 billion
Oldest star 13.2 billion years
Mass 5.8×1011 M☉
Sun's distance to galactic center 26,000 ± 1400 light-years
Sun's galactic rotation period 220 million years (negative rotation)
Spiral pattern rotation period 50 million years[1]
Bar pattern rotation period 15 to 18 million years[1]
Speed relative to the universe 590 km/s[2]
Chandra X-ray Observatory
Organization NASA, SAO, CXC
Wavelength regime X-ray
Orbit height 10 000 km (perigee), 140 161 km (apogee)
Orbit period 3858 min, 64.3 h
Launch date 23 July 1999
Launch vehicle Columbia STS-93
Deorbit date N/A
Mass 4 800 kg, 10 600 lb
Other names Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility, AXAF
COSPAR ID 1999-040B
Webpage http://chandra.harvard.edu/
Physical characteristics
Telescope style 4 nested pairs of grazing incidence paraboloid and hyperboloid mirrors
Diameter 1.2 m, 3.9 ft
Collecting area 0.04 m² at 1 keV, 0.4 ft² at 1 keV
Focal length 10 m, 33 ft
Instruments
ACIS imaging spectrometer
HRC camera
HETGS high resolution spectrometer
LETGS high resolution spectrometer
Hubble Space Telescope
The Hubble Space Telescope, from the Space Shuttle Discovery during the second servicing mission, STS-82
General information
NSSDC ID: 1990-037B
Organization: NASA/ESA/STScI
Launched: April 24, 1990
Deorbited: Likely between 2013 and 2021[1]
Mass: 11,110 kg (24,250 lb)
Orbit height: 589 km, 366 mi.
Orbit period: 96–97 min
Orbit velocity: 7,500 m/s, 16,800 mph (27,000 km/h)
Acceleration due to gravity: 8.169 m/s²
Location: Low Earth orbit
Type of orbit: Elliptical
Telescope style: Ritchey-Chretien reflector
Wavelength: Optical, ultraviolet, near-infrared
Diameter: 2.4 m (94 in)
Collecting area: approx. 4.5 m² (46 ft²) [2]
Focal length: 57.6 m (189 ft)
Instruments
NICMOS: infrared camera/spectrometer
ACS: optical survey camera (failed)
WFPC2: wide field optical camera
STIS: optical spectrometer/camera (failed)
FGS: three fine guidance sensors
Website: http://www.nasa.gov/hubble http://hubble.nasa.gov http://hubblesite.org http://www.spacetelescope.org
Richter Magnitudes Description Earthquake EffectsFrequency of Occurrence
Less than 2.0 MicroMicroearthquakes, not felt.
About 8,000 per day
2.0-2.9 MinorGenerally not felt, but recorded.
About 1,000 per day
3.0-3.9 MinorOften felt, but rarely causes damage.
49,000 per year (est.)
4.0-4.9 Light
Noticeable shaking of indoor items, rattling noises. Significant damage unlikely.
6,200 per year (est.)
5.0-5.9 Moderate
Can cause major damage to poorly constructed buildings over small regions. At most slight damage to well-designed buildings.
800 per year
6.0-6.9 Strong
Can be destructive in areas up to about 100 miles across in populated areas.
120 per year
7.0-7.9 MajorCan cause serious damage over larger areas.
18 per year
8.0-8.9 GreatCan cause serious damage in areas several hundred miles across.
1 per year
9.0-9.9 GreatDevastating in areas several thousand miles across.
1 per 20 years
10.0+ GreatNever recorded; see below for equivalent seismic energy yield.
Extremely rare (Unknown)
Orbital characteristics
Epoch J2000
Aphelion 152,097,701 km1.0167103335 AU
Perihelion: 147,098,074 km0.9832898912 AU
Semi-major axis: 149,597,887.5 km1.0000001124 AU
Eccentricity: 0.016710219
Orbital period: 365.256366 days1.0000175 yr
Avg. orbital speed: 29.783 km/s107,218 km/h
Inclination: Reference (0)7.25° to Sun's equator
Longitude of ascending node: 348.73936°
Argument of perihelion: 114.20783°
Satellites: 1 (the Moon)
Atmosphere
Surface pressure: 101.3 kPa (MSL)
Composition:
78.08% Nitrogen (N2)20.95% Oxygen (O2)0.93% Argon0.038% Carbon dioxideTrace water vapor (varies with climate)
Physical characteristics
Mean radius: 6,371.0 km[1]
Equatorial radius: 6,378.1 km[2]
Polar radius: 6,356.8 km[2]
Flattening: 0.0033528[2]
Circumference:40,075.02 km (equatorial)40,007.86 km (meridional)40,041.47 km (mean)
Surface area:
510,072,000 km²[3] 148,940,000 km² land (29.2 %)
361,132,000 km² water (70.8 %)
Volume: 1.0832073 × 1012 km³
Mass: 5.9736 × 1024 kg
Mean density: 5,515.3 kg/m³
Equatorial surface gravity: 9.780327 m/s²[4]
0.99732 g
Escape velocity:11.186 km/s 40,270 km/h
Sidereal rotation period: 0.997258 d23h 56m 04.09054s[4]
Rotation velocity at equator: 465.11 m/s
