1. 1. `
2. 2. Bi 13:Luyn tp tnh cht ca nit v hp cht ca nit
3. 3. I. n cht nit Cu hnh electron S oxi ha m in 3, 04 Cng thc cu to phn t nit Tnh cht vt l ca kh nit Khng mu, khng mi , khng v, hi nh hn khng kh. Tan rt t trong nc. Khng duy tr s chy. 12 22 23 1. Cu to phn t v tnh cht vt l -3, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5
4. 4. Tnh oxi ha Tnh kh a)Tc dng vi hiro N2+ 3H2 T0,P xt 2NH3 b)Tc dng vi kim loi: 6Li + N2 2Li3N 3Mg + N2 Mg3N2 -3to N2 + O2 2NO o to +2 H quang in 2NO +O2 2NO2 2. Tnh cht ha hc I. n cht nit
5. 5. a.Trong phng th nghim NH4NO2 N2+2H2O NH4Cl + NaNO2 to N2 + NaCl + 2H2O b. Trong cng nghip Chng ct phn on khng kh lng 2. iu ch kh nit I. n cht nit
6. 6. II. Hp cht ca nit Amoniac Mui amoni Axit nitric Mui nitrat
7. 7. 1. Amoniac L cht kh khng mu, mi khai, nh hn khng kh. Tnh baz yu NH3+H2O NH4 + OH NH3 + HCl NH4Cl Al(NO3)3+3NH3+3H2O Al(OH)3 +3NH4NO3 Al + 3NH3 + 3H2O 3NH4 + Al(OH)3 3+ + + -
8. 8. 1. Amoniac Cho t t dung dch NH3 vo dd CuSO4 CuSO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O (NH4)2SO4 +Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 + 2NH3 [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 Nh ddAgNO3 vo ddNaCl ri thm t t dd NH3: AgNO3+NaCl AgCl Trng +NaNO3 AgCl+NH3 [Ag(NH3)2]Cl Phc cht tan Kh nng to phc
9. 9. c)Tc dng vi oxit kim loi: 3CuO+2NH3 3Cu+N2+3H2Oto a)Tc dng vi O2: 4NH3+3O2 2N2+6H2O to-3 0 4NH3+5O2 4NO + 6H2O Xt,to -3 +2 b)Tc dng vi Cl2: 2NH3+3Cl2 N2 +6HCl NH3+HCl NH4Cl Khi trng Tnh Kh 1. Amoniac
10. 10. -iu Ch: *Trong phng th nghim: 2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2+2NH3+2H2O *Trong cng nghip: N2+3H2 2NH3 to,xt P to 1. Amoniac
11. 11. 2. Mui amoni * D tan trong nc l cht in li mnh * Trong dung dch, ion NH4 + l axit yu: NH4 + + H2O NH3 + H3O+ Phn ng trao i Tnh cht ha hc Phn ng nhit phn
12. 12. 1)Phn ng trao i: *Tc dng vi axit: (NH4)2CO3+2HCl 2NH4Cl+CO2 +H2O CO3+2H CO2 +H2O +2- *Tc dng vi baz: (NH4)2SO4+ 2NaOH 2NH3+2H2O+Na2SO4 2NH4+ 2OH NH3 + H2O + - *Tc dng vi mui: NH4Cl +AgNO3 AgCl + NH4NO3 Cl + Ag AgCl - + 2. Mui amoni
13. 13. 2)Phn ng nhit phn: *Mui NH4 ca axit ko c tnh oxh NH3 NH4Cl NH3 + HCl (NH4)2CO3 to to NH3 + NH4HCO3 NH4HCO3 NH3 + CO2 + H2O to *Mui NH4 ca axit c tnh oxh + N2,N2O NH4NO2 to N2 + 2H2O NH4NO3 N2O +2H2O to + 2. Mui amoni
14. 14. 3. Axit nitric Tnh axit mnh Tnh cht ha hc Tnh oxi ha mnh (congthccautao) (mohnhphant) +5
15. 15. 3. Axit nitric 1)Tnh axit: HNO3+ NaOH NaNO3 +H2O HNO3 + CaO Ca(NO3)2 + H2O2 HNO3+ Na2CO3 2NaNO3 + CO2 + H2O2
16. 16. a)Tc dng vi KL 3. Axit nitric 2)Tnh oxi ha: Cu + 4HNO3 Cu(NO3)2+2NO2+2H2O (c) +5 +2 +4 Cu + HNO3 ? + ? +?(c) o Cu + HNO3(Lng) ? +NO +? 3Cu + 8HNO3(lng) 3Cu(NO3)2+2NO +4H2O o +5 +2 +2
17. 17. S + HNO3 ? + ? + ? S + 6HNO3 H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O o +5 to to +6 +4 C + HNO3 ? + ? + ? to C + 4HNO3 CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O o +5 +4 +4 P + HNO3 + H2O ? +?+? 3P + 5HNO3 + 2H2O 3H3PO4 + 5NO o +5 +5 +2 b)Tc dng vi phi kim(C,S,P) (c) to 3. Axit nitric
18. 18. H2S+HNO3 to ? + ?+ ? 3H2S+2HNO3 3S+2NO+4H2O -2 +5 o +2 FeO+HNO3 ?+?+? 3FeO+10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3+NO+5H2O +2 +5 +3 +2 CaCO3+HNO3 ?+?+? CaCO3+2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O Fe(NO3)2+HNO3 ? + ? + ? 3Fe(NO3)2+4HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3+NO+2H2O +2 +5 +3 +2 b)Tc dng vi hp cht 3. Axit nitric +6 +4
19. 19. 3) Phng trnh iu ch axit nitric: a)Trong phngTN: NaNO3+H2SO4 HNO3+NaHSO4 b)Trong CN: (NH3 4NH3+5O2 4NO + 6H2O to Pt 2NO+O2 2NO2 4NO2+ 2H2O + O2 4HNO3 NO NO2 HNO3) to (natrihiosunfa t) 3. Axit nitric
20. 20. 4. Mui nitrat sDD tan trong nc, l cht in li mnh
21. 21. 4. Mui nitrat Phn ng nhit phn KNO3 to Mg(NO3)2 to AgNO3 to 2KNO2+ O2 2MgO + 4NO2 + O2 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2 2 NaNO3 2NaNO2 + O2 to 2 Cu(NO3)2 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2 to 2 2 HgNO3 2Hg + 2NO2 + O22 to 2 Cch nhn bit ion nitrat 3Cu + 8H+ + 2 NO3 3 Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O _ Mu xanh Nu 2NO + O2 2NO2
22. 22. C 10 cu hi ng vi 10 ch hng ngang v 1 t cha kha ng vi hng dc. Mi i s ln lt la chn 1 hng ngang v c 10 giy suy ngh tr li cu hi. Nu i khng c p n hoc p n sai th ch s khng c m. Mi cu tr li ng s c 10 im. Cc i c quyn ra tn hiu tr li t cha kha bt c lc no. i no ra tn hiu trc th s c quyn tr li. Nu i tr li sai th s khng c quyn ra tn hiu tr li ln na v c hi ch dnh cho i cn li. - Tr li ng t cha kha sau khi m 2 hng ngang s c 40 im, sau 3 hng ngang c 30 im, sau 4 hng ngang c 20 im.
23. 23. 4 3 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 B T H N G H A P H C C H T A Z T O X I H A B O Q U N M U T H U C N E N M I K H A I Q U T M M B A Z N U G C I N I T Chc mng bn ! ! Tic qu. Chc mng bn !Chc mng bnChc mng bnChc mng bChc mng bChc mng bChc mngChc mngChc mnChc mn
24. 24. CU 1: Dung dch ammoniac c kh nng ha tan hiroxit hay mui t tan ca mt s kim loi, to thnh cc dung dch gi l g ? 0
25. 25. CU 2: Nit cn c tn gi l g? 0
26. 26. CU 3: y l mt tnh cht ha hc ca Fe, Al trong dung dch HNO3 c, ngui 0
27. 27. CU 4: y l mt trong nhng ng dng ca nit lng 0
28. 28. CU 5: y l mt trong nhng tnh cht ha hc ca nit 0
29. 29. 0 CU 6: y l mt ng dng ca Kali nitrat, dng iu ch hn hp trong c cha 75% KNO3, 10% S v 15% C. Hn hp ny gi l g?
30. 30. CU 7: y l mt trong nhng tnh cht vt l ca kh amoniac 0
31. 31. CU 8: Trong phng th nghim th kh NH3 thot ra, ta c th dng thuc th no? 0
32. 32. CU 9: Dung dch ammoniac lm cho phenolphthalein t khng mu chuyn mu hng. iu ny th hin tnh cht g ca dd amoniac? 0
33. 33. CU 10: iu kin thng, kh NO khng mu kt hp ngay vi oxi khng kh to ra kh NO2 c mu g? 0