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Biology Unit 1 Notes: Biomolecules
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Biology
Unit 1 Notes: Biomolecules
(1) What are the biomolecules?
• Molecules made of the biological elements, which all living things are made of.
• 4 Types:• Carbohydrates• Lipids• Nucleic Acids• Proteins
• Monomers = Basic building blocks, and repeating units that make up the biomolecules.
• Polymers = The whole biomolecule (made of monomers).
(2) Carbohydrates
• Structure:• Monomers = Monosaccharides (Simple Sugars like Glucose and Fructose)
• Polymers = Polysaccharides (Complex Carbs like Starch and Wheat)
• Function:• Monosaccharides provide cells with a quick burst (short term) of energy.
• Polysaccharides provide cells with more intermediate energy.
• THINK Why do you think people say that WHEAT is better for you than WHITE FLOUR or SUGAR?
(3) Lipids• Structure:
• Monomers = Fatty Acids and Glycerol Molecules
• Polymers = Phospholipids, Oils, Fats
• Function:• Phospholipids form the outer-covering (cell membranes) of cells.
• Oils and Fats provide cells with a source of long term energy storage.
• Phospholipids:• Glycerol Head = Polar and Hydrophilic (“Water Loving”)
• Fatty Acid Tails = Non-Polar and Hydrophobic (“Water Fearing”)
(4) Nucleic Acids
• Structure:• Monomers = Nucleotides
• Polymers = DNA and RNA
• Function:• Provide cells with genetic instructions to make proteins.
• Nucleotides:• Made of 3 parts A Pentose Sugar, A Phosphate, and a Nitrogenous Base
(5) Proteins• Structure:
• Monomers = Amino Acids• Polymers = Proteins or “Polypeptides”, and Enzymes
• Function:• Create Cell Structure.• Provide the physical expression of DNA / RNA.• Enzymes catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions.
• Hemoglobin:• A type of protein in your red blood cells, which allows oxygen to bind.• Contains Iron in the center of the molecule.