HANTAVIRUSPresented by

Leigh Clodfelter

Etiology: Viral

Hantaan Virus of Asia and Eastern Europe (HFRS)

Dobrava Virus of Southern Europe (HFRS) 

Sin Nombre Virus of North America (HPS)

Laguna Negra Virus of South America (HPS)

Andes Virus of South America (HPS)

There are scores of distinct Hantavirus species, but the most relevant for human infection are:

HFRS vs. HPS Hemorrhagic Fever

with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)

Symptoms:- High Fever- Severe Lower Back Pain- Abdominal Pain and Bleeding- Petechiae (pinpoint marks on skin)- Intravascular Coagulation

Intestinal problems are common with associated:- Nausea- Vomiting- Diarrhea

Fatality ranges from 5-15%

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

Symptoms:- High Fever- Myalgia- Headache

Respiratory problems are commonlater in the infection:- Elevated Heart Rate- Rapid Breathing- Hypoxia (Oxygen Deprivation)

Morbidity+Mortality +++

The Pathogen Hantaviruses are in the Bunyaviridae family of viruses and they are spheroid viruses.

The Pathogen The virus invades host cells by endocytosis and replicate via the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. Endothelial cells are the primary target host.

History

November 1, 2012 the National Park Service (NPS) announced a total of 10 confirmed cases of Hantavirus infection in people who recently visited Yosemite National Park.

In 1993 as part of the effort to locate the source of the virus, researchers located and examined stored samples of lung tissue from people who had died of unexplained lung disease.  

Other early cases have been discovered by the same examinations and HPS was confirmed back in 1959.

HPS was first identified in the United States in 1993 but after further research it has been determined that HPS is not a new disease.

HostsThey are different species of the Hantavirus with each genus having a different rodent (mice or rat) as its reservoir.Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) - Sin Nombre Virus

(SNV)

HostsThey are different species of the Hantavirus with each genus having a different rodent (mice or rat) as its reservoir.Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus) – Black Creek Canal Virus

(BCCV)

HostsThey are different species of the Hantavirus with each genus having a different rodent (mice or rat) as its reservoir.Rice Rat (Oryzomys palustris)– Bayou Virus (BAYV)

HostsThey are different species of the Hantavirus with each genus having a different rodent (mice or rat) as its reservoir.White-Footed Mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) – New York Virus

(NYV)

How Humans Become InfectedThe rodents shed the virus in their urine, droppings, and saliva. The virus is mainly transmitted to people when they breathe in air contaminated with the virus. This process is known as airborne transmission.

Control & PreventionRodent control is the primary strategy to control Hantavirus infection in humans.

Zoo Animal HostsHPS is not a problem in animals.

Treatment for HPSThere is no specific treatment, cure, or vaccine

for Hantavirus infection.

The earlier the patient is brought in to intensive care,the better.

Hantavirus is difficult to diagnose in early stages

Works Cited"Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Hantavirus." CDC. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 01 Nov 2012. Web. 2 Feb 2013. <http://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/>.

Colville, Joann, and David Berryhill. Handbook of Zoonoses Identification and Prevention. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier, 2007. Print.

"Idaho Care Line." Idaho 2-1-1. Idaho Health and Welfare, 05 Mar 2010. Web. 2 Feb 2013. <http://www.211.idaho.gov/elibrary/Hantavirus.html>.

"Infection Landscapes/Hantaviruses." Infection Landscapes. Infection Landscapes, 17 Sep 2012. Web. 2 Feb 2013. <http://www.infectionlandscapes.org/2012/09/hantaviruses.html>.

Oatman, Maddie. "Mother Jones/hantavirus-climate-yosemite-outbreak." Mother Jones. Mother Jones and the Foundation for National Progres, 03 Sep 2012. Web. 2 Feb 2013. <http://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2012/08/hantavirus-climate-yosemite-outbreak>.

"The Free Dictionary/Bunyaviridae." The Free Dictionary. Farlex, Inc., n.d. Web. 2 Feb 2013. <http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Bunyaviridae>.