The Human Body

• Chapters 34-39

Levels of Organization

Atom

Molecule

Cell

Organ Organ Systems

Organism

Protection, Support, Locomotion

• The Integumentary System – Skin, hair, nails– Epidermis, dermis,

subcutaneous– Proteins for protection– Maintains homeostasis

– sweating, chills

The Skeletal System

• Joints – where bones meet–Ball and socket–Pivot–Hinge

The Skeletal System

• Functions:–Protection of internal

organs–Production of blood

cells–Muscle attachment

The Muscular System

• Smooth muscle– Involuntary – can’t control – Stomach lining, intestines

• Skeletal muscle– Voluntary - control– Biceps, triceps, hamstrings

• Cardiac muscle– Involuntary– Heart muscle

Digestion and Regulation

• The Digestive System– Function – break down and absorb nutrients– Organs

• Mouth – digestive enzymes for carbs• Esophagus – tube to stomach• Stomach – HCl and digestive enzymes• Small Intestines – Absorption, high surface area• Large Intestines - Storage

– Accessory Organs• Liver – detoxification, produces bile• Gall bladder – stores bile• Appendix – vestigial structure

The Endocrine System

• Functions– Chemical messages in

the body– Works with nervous

system to control body• Hormones• Works by negative

feedback• Glands

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The Nervous System

• Neurons - Nerve cells• Brain• Spinal Cord• The Senses– Vision– Hearing– Smell– Taste– Touch

Respiration, Circulation and Breathing

• Respiratory System– Trachea – cartilage covering– Bronchi – right and left– Lungs– Alveoli – location of gas exchange– Diaphragm – muscle for breathing

The Circulatory System• Blood– RBC’s – hemoglobin carries oxygen, anucleate– WBC’s – protect from disease– Platelets – clot blood, scab– Plasma – liquid part of blood

The Circulatory System• Blood Vessels– Arteries – carry blood

away from heart– Veins – carry blood to

the heart– Capillaries – connect

arteries to veins, diffusion

The Circulatory System• Heart– Heart is a muscle,

middle and a little to the left

– Protected by ribs, sternum, and vertebrate

– Atrium – right and left, small upper chambers

– Ventricles – right and left, large, lower

The Urinary System• Kidneys– Filter blood and

remove waste–Maintain

homeostasis• Ureters – carry waste

from kidney to bladder• Bladder – waste (urine)

storage• Urethra – takes urine

out of body

The Immune System

• Body’s internal protection• White blood cells• Antibodies