Indian vineyards and their scope for heritage declaration

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN INDIAN VINEYARD : SCOPE FOR HERITAGE Arunima KT BA12ARC008

Guided by : Dr. Amit Wahurwagh

dissertation

2016-17Dept.Of Architecture

VNIT NAGPUR

slno

:

World Heritage Vineyards and Wine Regions

Year of Inscripti

onCountry

Selection Criteria

TotalCultural Criteria Natural Criteria

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x)

1 Burgundy terroir and climats 2015 France ⁺ ⁺ 2

2La Rioja and Rioja Alavesa

Vine and Wine Cultural Landscape

2015 Spain ⁺ ⁺ ⁺ ⁺ 4

3Champagne Hillsides, Houses

and Cellars 2015 France ⁺ ⁺ ⁺ 3

4Palestine: Land of Olives and Vines – Cultural Landscape of

Southern Jerusalem, Battir2014 Israel ⁺ ⁺ 2

5Vineyard Landscape of

Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato

2014 Italy ⁺ ⁺ 2

6 Lavaux, Vineyard Terraces 2007Switzerlan

d ⁺ ⁺ ⁺ 3

7Landscape of the Pico Island

Vineyard Culture 2004 Portugal ⁺ ⁺ 2

8 Upper Middle Rhine Valley 2002 Hungary ⁺ ⁺ ⁺ 3

9Tokaj Wine Region Historic

Cultural Landscape 2002 Haungry ⁺ ⁺ 2

10 Alto Douro Wine Region 2001 Portugal ⁺ ⁺ ⁺ 3

11 Wachau Cultural Landscape 2000 Austria ⁺ ⁺ 2

To be included on the World Heritage List, sites must be of outstanding universalvalue and meet at least one out of ten selection criteria.

1. To represent a masterpiece of human creative genius2. To exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area

of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning orlandscape design;

3. To bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization whichis living or which has disappeared;

4. To be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble orlandscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;

5. To be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which isrepresentative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especiallywhen it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;

6. To be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs,with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The committee considersthat this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria);

7. To contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aestheticimportance;

8. To be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life,significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significantgeomorphic or physiographic features;

9. To be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes inthe evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems andcommunities of plants and animals;

10. To contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biologicaldiversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from thepoint of view of science or conservation.

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9

Source : whc.unesco.org

Indian vineyards grown in tropical climate are such landscapes which has lots of landscapearchitecture lessons to offer:

AIM:

To closely examine the landscape architecture of Indian vineyards and compare them according to the criteriaof heritage to find the scope of heritage declaration.

OBJECTIVES:

• To understand the criteria for the evaluation of landscape as heritage through examples ofexisting world heritage landscapes.•To study the unique combination of topographic, environmental and climatic conditions whichlead to the landscape development of Indian vineyards•Identifying Existing Site Conditions by conducting site inventory.•To analyze the scope of heritage in the cultural landscape of Indian vineyards

METHODOLOGY:

2. Grover Vineyards, Nandi Hills

3. Sula Vineyards, Nashik

1.Vineyards of Chateau Indage, Narayangaon

INDIAN VINEYARDS

Stage 4 : summering the scope of heritage declaration .

Stage 1: Designing the Framework (through literature

review, UNESCO criteria and guideline formulated by Indian heritage agencies such as ASI, INTACH)

Stage2: Comparative study of Indian Vineyards and

Criteria for the Identification of Cultural Heritage Landscapes

Stage 3: Current State Analysis: (site inventory)

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT• To learn landscape architecture of vineyards in

tropical climate• To trace the history of grape cultivation in India• To understand the topography ,climate ,culture

and other feature that plays an important role in this picturesque vineyards

NEED OF THE PROJECT• To protect the eye candy rural setup from human

encroachment .• To protect the flora and fauna of the ecological

landscape.• To conserve the tradition viticulture and

landscape techniques for the coming generation.

WINE REGION IN INDIAThe grape vine was

probably introduced into north west

India from Persia as early as 2500 BC

The Mughal emperors maintained extensive

vineyards in the Deccan (Hyderabad)

in 17th century

The British in the 19th century

revised the local industry

Indian wines were exhibited at the Great Calcutta

Exhibition of 1884

Vineyards were practically wiped out

by the devastation of phylloxera in the

1890s

TRACING THE HISTORY

seasonal changes and site perception

SL/NO

INDIAN VINEYARDS

LANDSCAPE ENVIRONMENT

Scenic and visual qualityUtilization of natural terrain in

landscaping of vineyardsHorticultural interest

Landscape design, type and technological interest

1INDAGE WINES

(CHATEAU INDAGE)

• Beautiful scenery of vineyards in the valley of the western ghats, and the Sahyadri mountain range create a positive visual quality and treat to the eyes.

• The elegantly ordered rows of grapevines, demonstrats how the utilitarian organization of the land can also be aesthetically pleasing.

• Narayangaon is close to the five major dams 1. Yedgaon Dam 2.Wadaj Dam 3.Pimpalgaon Joge Dam 4. Manikdoh Dam 5. Chilewadi Dam

• Pendal system of training is used since the vine growth is extensive, fast and continuous.

• The cordon system is a method that trains the cordons, or arms of the vine trunk, to grow horizontally along the trellis wire.

• A single arm in an inverted L shape, as is common in the Champagne region

• Windbreaks and shelterbelts screen unwanted views, filter dust and noise, and create microclimates that benefit plant health.

• Rows are in North-South direction so that the growing bunches get protection from South-West scorching sunlight in the afternoon hours.

2GROVER

VINEYARDS, NANDI HILLS

• Rows appear to go on forever, touching the horizon, or maybe it is the elegant straight procession of grapevines running over an undulating landscape.

• Nandi Hills is a picturesque region dotted with sloping green hillsides and miles of forestland, inhabited with incredibly beautiful wildlife.

• Nandi hills’ limestone abundant soil gives the wines their distinctive, terroir-driven earthiness with depth, richness and aromatic complexity.

• Vineyards here are mixture of the traditional pergola and the more modern cordon vine training systems .

• cordon system would provide better aeration and more even exposure to sunlight.This would also reduce the risk of fungal disease and rot associated with a higher humidity under the pergola canopy as well as allowing more even ripening of the grapes within each bunch.

• vineyard uses typical Vertical Shooting trellis System

• Horizontal line create a movement of vision along the ground plan,it can make aplace feel larger and can create a feeling of rest.

• Large fields are divided up and separated with large avenues to allow for air movement.

3SULA

VINEYARDS

• The entire area looks like landscape painting with a riot of colours.

• The light green hill descends to meet the dark green vineyard, the red, yellow, violet flowers adds colour to the palette and the silver water gives a tranquil effect.

• Sula Vineyards is located amidst the rolling hills of Nashik overlooking the Gangapur Dam.

• Use Y trellis system helps the Leaves to spread systematically and hence all the leaves get enough sun light.

• H system of training with 4 arms is better in Y trellis system. Cost of erection of this is less compared to pendal system.

• This system of training provides enough scope for mechanization in vine yards.

• Natural cover crop is grown between rows of vines in this vineyard for soil management Optimized Drip Irrigation saves approximately 40% of water usage



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SL/NO

INDIAN VINEYARDS

BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Aesthetic/visual quality Consistent scale of built features Unique architectural features/buildingsIllustrates a style, trend

or pattern

1INDAGE WINES

(CHATEAU INDAGE)

• Beautiful castle in the fantastic backdrop of western ghat (positive vusual effect)

• Neglected vegetation ruining the façade (negative visual effect)

• facade inspired from castle.The main gate or door to the winery is iron-studded wooden door, that is hard to break through.

• Round Towers ,• The top of the facade walls is the battlements, a

protective, tooth shaped parapet . • Symbiotic relationship with nature

• Chateauesque (Chateau Style)

2GROVER

VINEYARDS, NANDI HILLS

• An array of elegant Jaipur tents set into the hill –conceptualized by Karan Grover, architect and Director, Grover Zampa Vineyards

3SULA

VINEYARDS

• The buildings, though typical of Western Maharashtra, are also similar to Spanish architecture — whitewashed and with sloping tiled roofs.

• Greek-style amphitheatre



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SL/NO

INDIAN VINEYARDS

HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS OTHERS

ISSUES

Direct association with important person or event

Illustrates an important phase

of social / physical development

Illustrates the work of an important designer

Historical or archaeological interest

Significant ecological interest

Landmark value

1

INDAGE WINES

(CHATEAU INDAGE)

• The birthplace of Chhatrapati Shri Shivaji Maharaj, who founded and ruled the Maratha empire during the 17th century, is 16 km away from Narayangaon

• Chateau Indage is india’s oldest winery and the first one to make champaign in india

• Lenyadri, Manmodi, Tulja, Shivneri are the caves in nearby areas which have existed since the Buddhist era

• The Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope GMRT project

• The international financial crisis of 2008 played a role in the company’s financial difficulties and in 2010 the Mumbai High Court issued an order for the winding up of Indage Vintners. Their shares were delisted from the Mumbai stock exchange in March 2011.

2

GROVER VINEYARDS

, NANDI HILLS

• Tipu's Drop - the famous place from where Tippu Sultan had his condemned prisoners thrown to death.

• Tipu's Summer Palace and Fort • Horse Way • Secret Escape Route

• The climate at the top of the hill made it particularly of interest to horticulturists.

• Several species of plant were introduced into an experimental garden.

• The hills are very rich in birdlife making it a very popular location for birdwatchers and bird photographers.

• Human modifications of land and waterscapes are changing the hydrologic system and causing Arkavathy River drying

3SULA

VINEYARDS

The Tasting Room: This is a 2000sq.ft place with a beautiful ambiance which was designed by Californian architects Laurel Roth and Andy Hope.

• Home to India's famous gourmet music festival, Sula Fest

• Human encroachment in these vineyards are effecting the natural habitat



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State Name (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) A B C F G I L M N P R S T W Others

1 MaharashtraINDAGE WINES

(CHATEAU INDAGE)+ + + + + + + + wi

2 KarnatakaGROVER VINEYARDS,

NANDI HILLS+ + + + + + + + jf, wi

3 Maharashtra SULA VINEYARDS + + + + + + + wi, wl

COLUMN HEADING AND EXPLANATION

i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi - Cultural criteria (i) – (vi) i, ii, iii, iv - Natural criteria (i) – (iv), as defined in Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the

World Heritage Convention, on the basis of which the Site has been inscribed on the WorldHeritage List

A - aesthetic quality is significant on the Site B - buildings, often large buildings, are significant C - continuity of life way/land use is an important element F - farming/agriculture is/was a major element in the nature of the landscape G - the landscape is, or contains as a major element, ornamental garden(s)/park(s) I - primarily an industrial Site L - the landscape is, or contains elements which are, significant in one or more forms of group identity

such as for a nation, a tribe, or a local community M - a mountain or mountains is/are an integral part of the landscape N - the landscape contains, or is entirely, a National Park or other protected area,

P - a locally-resident population is a significant part of (the management of) the landscape R - the landscape possesses an important dimension of religiosity/sanctity/spirituality/holiness S - survival is a significant theme in the landscape, physically as of ancient field systems and archaeological monuments, and/or

socially, as of a group of people in a hostile environment T - towns, and/or villages, are within the inscribed landscape W - water is an integral, or at least significant, part of the landscape Other - the last column lists by initials less common characteristics of cultural landscapes which are nevertheless significant for

that particular site: Jf - jungle/forest/woodland environment Ra - rock art Wi - irrigation, or other form of functional water management Wl - a lake or lakes is/are an integral part of the landscape Wr - as above, for river(s) Ws - as above, for sea

CONCLUSIONS

1. At UNESCO level no vineyards from India are recognized as heritage site but they do have potential. vineyards of India are grown in tropical climate unlike other heritage declared vineyards which are in non-tropical climate .

2. Vineyard landscape gives us a lots of scope to study how defined landscape differ from natural landscape.vineyards are defined in specific dimensions and direction,in particular geometry and pattern this contrasts with the natural landscape that is a result of random events.

3. Decline of biodiversity in different regions around the world due to changes in natural habitats, the result of urban and in particular industrial development, which produce polluting gases and substances. conservation of vineyards are hence essential because of their recognized natural, ecological or cultural values.Efforts should be taken to protect the country’s flora and fauna which is rich in these landscapes.

4. The study also shows that human encroachment in these vineyards are effecting the natural habitat. Hence these area must be protected ,so that measures are taken to ensure that all practical alternative to avoid this encroachment or if not to ensure to minimize the environmental harm.

5. Seasonal changes have great effect of changing the vineyard landscape.The architecture should be introduced to the site in a way that allows for these seasonal changes to continue to occur.It should also offer a way to observe and make reference to these seasonal changes.

6. further research is required to identify heritage at national level contributing to further identification of heritage vineyards to be designated as world heritage site

Arunima KT BA12ARC008Guided by : Dr. Amit Wahurwagh

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN INDIAN VINEYARD : SCOPE FOR HERITAGE

dissertation


VNIT NAGPUR

References : • http://unesco .org• Natural and cultural heriatge : International journal for heriatge studies,vol 11• the scope and definition of heriatge: International jornal for heritage study• identifying heritage values in local community: International journal for heritage study• http://www5.mississauga.ca/pdfs/Cultural_Landscape_Inventory• http://www.ndu.edu.lb/IDB13/files/Pierre-Marie%20Tricaud_WH_and_CLs_NDU_2013-05-

21.pdf• www.sulawines.com• www.indianwines.info/• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chateau_Indage• indiatoday.intoday.in › Magazine• www.groverzampa.in/• www.indianwines.info/india-basics/indias-wine-heritage

Education

Indian vineyards and their scope for heritage declaration