Mελέτη του περιβάλλοντος-Τα φυτά -Γ΄Τάξη

Μελέτη του Περιβάλλοντος4ης ενότητα «Τα φυτά»

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Όλα τα φυτά μαζί αποτελούν το φυτικό

περιβάλλον (χλωρίδα).

Για να παρατηρούμε πιο εύκολα τα φυτά τα χωρίζουμε σε κατηγορίες: Ανάλογα με το αν διατηρούν το φύλλωμά τους:

Φυλλοβόλα: είναι τα φυτά που τα φύλλα τους

κιτρινίζουν στο τέλος του φθινοπώρου και πέφτουν. Την άνοιξη βγάζουν καινούρια φύλλα (π.χ. βελανιδιά,μηλιά,πλάτανος)

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Αειθαλή: είναι τα φυτά που διατηρούν τα φύλλα τους χειμώνα και καλοκαίρι (π.χ. ελιά, πεύκο, έλατο)

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Ανάλογα με το που ζουν και τι προσφέρουν:

Φυτά του δάσους: είναι κυρίως δέντρα ή θάμνοι, ζουν μακριά από τον άνθρωπο χωρίς να χρειάζονται τη βοήθειά

του για να αναπτυχθούν. Φυτρώνουν μόνα τους πολλά μαζί σε μια περιοχή και σχηματίζουν το δάσος (έλατο,

πεύκο, οξιά)

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Οπωροφόρα: είναι τα δένδρα που καλλιεργούμε γιατί μας δίνουν φρούτα (οπώρες). Χρειάζονται την ανθρώπινη

φροντίδα (κερασιά, αχλαδιά, μηλιά)

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Καλλιέργειες: είναι τα φυτά που σπέρνει και φροντίζει ο άνθρωπος για να τραφεί. Τα συναντάμε σε αγρούς και περιβόλια. (στάχυα, ντοματιές, φασολιές)

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Καλλωπιστικά ή διακοσμητικά: είναι τα φυτά που ο σκοπός τους είναι να ομορφαίνουν

(καλλωπίζουν) το περιβάλλον. Χρειάζονται πολύ περιποίηση και τα συναντάμε σε γλάστρες, σε

εσωτερικούς χώρους, κήπους και αυλές σπιτιών. (τριανταφυλλιά, γαρδένια, γαριφαλιά)

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Ανάλογα με το χρόνο ζωής τους: Μονοετή: είναι τα φυτά που ζουν μόνο ένα χρόνο και μετά ξεραίνονται. Συνήθως είναι μικρά φυτά και καλλιεργούνται για τους καρπούς τους (σιτάρι, ντομάτα, πατάτα)Πολυετή: είναι φυτά (κυρίως δέντρα και θάμνοι) που ζουν πολλά χρόνια. (κληματαριά, πλάτανος, ελιά)

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Ανάλογα με το είδος βλαστού:

Δέντρα είναι τα φυτά που έχουν ψηλό, ξύλινο και σκληρό βλαστό.

Θάμνοι είναι τα φυτά που έχουν κοντό ξύλινο βλαστό.

Πόες είναι τα φυτά που έχουν μαλακό βλαστό.

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Τα φυτά για να μεγαλώσουν χρειάζονται υγρασία, κανονική θερμοκρασία, αέρα,

χώμα και φως. Όμως το χειμώνα η θερμοκρασία αλλάζει, έτσι τα φυτά που δεν αντέχουν στο κρύο, ρίχνουν τα φύλλα τους

και πέφτουν σε χειμερία ανάπαυλα. Αυτά είναι τα φυλλοβόλα φυτά.

Τέλος, για την επανάληψη στα φυτά θα πρέπει να διαβάσεις ακόμη το «Αξίζει να διαβάσεις…» στις σελίδες 61,63,66 και 71 του βιβλίου.

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Education

Mελέτη του περιβάλλοντος-Τα φυτά -Γ΄Τάξη