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oufa&mufonf/ udwfpf(Keats)? &Sif;vif;a&;om;csufu w*dk;ESifh oluAsmrsm; S,fvD(Shelley) ESifh 0yf(pf)0ghof (Wordsworth)wdkU tay: jrefrmpmzwfy&dowfu ydkrdkem;vnfcHpm; a&;om;onfh tcspfbGJU? obm0bGJUrsm;udk vdkvm; EdkifrIudk ay;pGrf;Muonf/ ESpfouf zwfIMuonf/ 1920 jynhfESpfvGefumv w*dk; qef;paomfwmuAsmpkrS uAsmrsm; jrefrmEkdifiHodkU w*dk;wwd,tBudrfa&mufvmNyD; udk q&mrif;ok0Pfu qufvufbmomjyefqdkum aemufydkif;wGifrS t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh a&;om;xm; pmqdkawmf r*Zif;wGif xnfhoGif;azmfjycJhonf/ onhf w*dk; pmayrsm;udk pwifzwfIvmMuonf/ 1935 ckESpf0ef;usifwGif xkduAsm pkpkaygif; 14 yk'f w*dk; pmrsm;um; pmzwfoltm; cHpm;rI& &SdNyD; jrefrmpmzwfy&dowfu BudKufESpfoufpGm otjynfht0 ay;pGrf;Ekdifojzifh w*dk;pmrsm;u zwfIcJhMuonf/ jrefrmpmzwf y&dowfMum;wGif eufIdif;xda&mufpGm xdkYaemuf q&mrif;ok0Pfonf w*dk; ae&m,lEdkifcJhonf/ Ak'bmom0if jrefrmpmzwf ]]t,f'wm }}trnf&dS 0wKwdukd jrefrmbmomjyefNyD; D k y&dowfu w*d;pmrsm;udzwfjI yD; w*d;pmrsm;wGif 1935 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvxkwf BuD;yGm;a&;r*Zif;wGif k k k xdawGU&onhf w*d; rsKd ;csppw?f trsKd ;om;a&;pdw?f azmfjycJhonf/ xdkESpfrSmyif q&mrif;ok0Pfatmuf k f d BuD;rm;us,fjyefUonfh vlom;0g'rsm;onf onf;cH pzdUk 'foUkd ynmawmfoif oGm;&ojzifw*d; uAsmESihf h k EdkifpGrf;ESifh tv,ftvwfvrf;pOfudk oifMum; pmrsm;tm; bmomjyefqdkrI &yfqdkif;oGm;onf/ a[mjyojzifh Ak'w&m;ESifh eD;pyfonf[k cHpm;Mu& qef;paomfwmuAsmpkrS tjcm;uAsmrsm;udk onf/ wkwf-jrefrm ujym;pma&;q&m armifjzL;u xdktcsdefumvonf jrefrmEdkifiHvGwfvyf qufvuf bmomjyefcJhonf/ uavmiftrnf a&;BudK;yrf;aqmif&GufrIrsm; tpysdK;vm&mrS Edk;Mum; armifjzL; (1905-1970)trnf&if;rSm rpwm wufrudkuf a&m*gokawoetwGuf ,aeYqdkvQif MuufOtESpf rS xkwfvkyfonhf a>rayG;qdyfajzaq;ukd a>rayG;udkuf vlemrsm; vlyk*dKvfrsm;tay: prf;oyfrIqdkif&m usihf0wfvrf;Tefcsuf (Ethical guideline for clinical fh f dS I d trials) ESitnD prf;oyfvsu&&m atmifjrifr&&SaeNyD jzpfonf/ OD;pD;Xmeonf jynfwGif;jynfy okaw oeXmeBuD;rsm;? tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? wuokdvfrsm;ESihf qufo, use;rma&;ESifh okawoezGUH NzdK;wd;wuf G f f k rIowif;tcsuftvufrsm;? enf;ynmrsm;zvS,ftrSwf (1) pufrI0efBuD;XmeokdY wdkif;&if;aq;xkwfvkyfrIenf;ynmvTJtyfpOfvsu&onhf tdy(cs)tdiA?GD attdi'tuf(pf)? tqkwf f dS f f kf kfD a&m*gESihf iSufzsm;ponhfa&m*grsm; &SmazGrIrsm;ESihf twl usef;rma&;ynmay;rIrsm;? umuG,fay;rIrsm;? ukorIrsm;jyKvkyf&mwGif toHk;csEdkifrnhf enf;vrf; 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