Why Openness Matters?

Expand Access • Reduce Costs • Improve Quality

Una DalyOhio Textbook Affordability Summit

September 27, 2013

1Except where otherwise noted these materials are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY)

Welcome

Una DalyCommunity College Outreach DirectorOpenCourseWare Consortium

Agenda• Barriers to Education• Open Textbook Solution• How Openness Enables Sharing …• Business Case for Open Textbooks• Open Licensing • Case Studies and Impact• OER Impact • Steps to Adopt Open Textbooks

Education as Human Right

“ Education is both a human right and a vital means of promoting peace and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms … to realize this potential, education must be made universally available and equally accessible to all “

World Education Report 2000, “The right to education: Towards education for all throughout life”. http://www.unesco.org/education/information/wer/PDFeng/wholewer.PDF

Tuition and Fees• Undergraduate costs rose 42 percent

at public institutions 2001-2011

https://www.ohiohighered.org

Source: National Center for Education Statistics

http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=76

Student Debt

• Federal Student Loan Debt– 1-Trillion Dollars

• Avg. loan upon graduation– $25,000+

Source: Chronicle of Higher Ed, Forbes Magazine, Aug 2013http://www.forbes.com/sites/

specialfeatures/2013/08/07/how-the-college-debt-is-crippling-students-

parents-and-the-economy/

Image: Student Loan, Wikipedia

Textbook Prices

• Increased 812 percent since 1978

• 3 to 4 times inflation rate

• Average student spends

$1168 annually on supplies

Source: Consumer Price Index, College Board. Student PIRGs

There is a direct relationship between textbook costs and student success

60%+ do not purchase textbooks at some point due to cost

35% take fewer courses due to textbook cost

31% choose not to register for a course due to textbook cost

23% regularly go without textbooks due to cost

14% have dropped a course due to textbook cost

10% have withdrawn from a course due to textbook cost

Source: 2012 student survey by Florida Virtual Campus

www.projectkaleidoscope.org

Solution: Open Textbooks

• Online access to textbook on first

day of class.

• Free online, low-

cost print option

• Faculty can adapt for students

Licensed for re-use by OpenSourceWay

Education is about Sharing

• Faculty share knowledge

with students

• Students share their understanding

• Faculty share with colleagues

Source: David Wiley, Why be Open, slideshare 2012

What are Open Educational Resources?

U.S. Dept. of Education

– Teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use or repurposing by others.

cc-by donkyhotey/flickr

Examples

Includes –

• Course materials• Lesson Plans• Modules or lessons• OpenCourseWare (OCW)• Open textbooks• Videos• Images• Tests• Software• Any other tools, materials, or techniques used

to support ready access to knowledge

adapted from Judy Baker’s ELI 2011 OER Workshop cc-by license

Business Case for Open• Open textbooks are

born digital …

• Digital enables editing– Add/Remove chapters– Adjust reading level

• Copying and distribution are “free” online.

Image: Some Rights Reserved MrKCoolsPhotostream

What is an Open License?

• Free: Free to access online, free to print

• Open: Shared, usable and re-usable

• Creative Commons: less restrictions than standard copyright but author retains full rights.

Creative Commons Licenses

Simple, standardized way to grant copyright permissions

Adapted from Ronda Neugebauer Slidesshare

Permission: Attribute Commercial? Share alike?

http://creativecommons.org

16

CC licenses are unique because they are expressed in three ways.

Slide adapted from Paul Stacey slideshare

Search & Discoverability

Slide adapted from Cable Green slideshare

http://oeraccess.merlot.org/

Translations & Accessibility

Slide adapted from Cable Green slideshare

Customization & Affordability

Slide adapted from Cable Green slideshare

Cost Savings

Publisher: Wiley & Sons Publisher : Connexions

$171.25 AmazonDigital Access - $0Softbound: $26.20

Who creates open textbooks?

• Private Foundations• Grant funded projects• Educational institutions• Faculty and other experts

Source: lumen learning slideshare

$100 million from private foundations in the last decade.

OpenStax College

Ultimate Goal – Professional-grade books for top 20+ courses. All books licensed

Spring 2012 Spring 2012 Spring 2013 Spring 2013 Fall 2013

Adapted from David Harrison CCCOER webinar cc-by23

Large scale Open Textbook Projects

• U.S. Department of Labor• Open Course Library• BCcampus Open Textbooks• California Open Textbooks• South Africa Siyavula• NGLC Kaleidoscope

CC-BY-NC-SA by Cascade Hiker

$2 billion over four yearsMaterials licensed with CC-BY

TAACCCCT Grants

Source: Cable Green, Creative Commons, 2013

http://www.nationalstem.org

Ohio TAACCCCT Projects

Peer reviewed, 81 highest-enrolled lower division courses. You can download and use for teaching. All content is stored in Google docs making it easy to access, browse and

download.

Washington State Board Community & Technical Colleges s

Open Course Library

English Composition I

• 55,000+ enrollments / year• x $175 textbook

• = $9.6+ Million every year

Source: Cable Green, Washington SBCTC, 2011

British Columbia

• Find & develop 40 open textbooks for highest-enrolled college courses.

• Peer-reviews by BC faculty• Competitive bid for customization of

open textbooks.• $1 million pledged by BC Higher

Education Ministry

http://open.bccampus.ca/forums/topic/list-of-textbooks-with-reviews/

California Legislation & Policy

• 50 Open Textbooks for highest-enrolled college courses

• California State University’s Affordable Learning Solutions

• California Community College System requires CC-BY license

• University of California Open Access Research Policy

50

South Africa’s Siyavula “we are opening”

• Free High School Science Textbooks• Department of education adopted for all

10, 11, 12th grades in 2010

NGLC Kaleidoscope Project

• Create and adopt course designs for high-enrollment courses collaboratively across multiple institutions

• Use best of existing OER• First round:

– 6 two-year and 2 four-year colleges.

Student ratings of quality of open texts

Better quality

Same quality

Worse quality

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Number of Students

• “It was very concise and aligned with exactly what we were working on in the class.”

• “Having the textbook catered to us by our teacher was perfect.”

3%

56%

41%

Source: Bliss, Hilton, Wiley, Thanos (2012)

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Historical Success Kaleidoscope

www.projectkaleidoscope.org

Student Success C or Better

Open Textbook Research2010

• Enhanced students interactions with materials and peers

• Increased faculty collaboration leading to improved practices

Open Learning Journal, 2011http://bit.ly/14aGKiP

OER Research Hub2013-2014

• Use of OER leads to critical reflection with evidence of improvement in practice.

• Participation in OER pilots leads to policy change at institutional level.

• Open education models lead to more equitable access to education

• OER adoption at institutional level leads to financial benefits for students and/or institutions

Open Textbook Adoption

1. Find and Select Open TextbooksPeer Review

2. Adoption ProcessSupport for customization

3. Feedback and ResearchStudents, faculty, and staff

4. RevisionsSustainability & Support San Miguel stairs

creative commons licensed by larry&flo

2007

Discover Open TextbooksRepositories & Listing Sites

How to Adopt an Open Textbook

Collaboration Needed

• Involve all campus stakeholders– Faculty– Campus advocates– Students– Researchers– Publishers– College Bookstores– Authors– Librarians– Professional organizations for educators

Image cc-by Sujin Jetkasettakorn/ FreeDigitalPhotos.net

• Promote open practices

and policies• Help faculty adopt OER• Get student input • Openly license your own work• Join the open education community

Open Textbook Sustainability

• Find & Adopt open textbook workshops• Understanding open licenses• Open textbook development workflow• Online accessibility• Faculty and student surveys• Access to community of

OER practitioners & experts

Need Help Getting Started?We can help …

Thank you!

Contact InformationUna Daly unatdaly@ocwconsortium.org

Share http://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/4424154829/in/photostream/IMG_4591 http://www.flickr.com/photos/bionicteaching/4700979984/ cc-by-saLa belle tzigane http://www.flickr.com/photos/joyoflife/21063837 cc-by-sa

Asian Library Interior 5 http://www.flickr.com/photos/ubclibrary/453351638/ cc-by-nc-saPetru http://www.flickr.com/photos/joyoflife/23724427/ cc-by-nc-sa Opensourceways http://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/4371000710/ cc-by-sa

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