P 05 toeic-unit_5_tense.docx

UNIT 5 TENSE

นิยาม:

Simple:

Continuous:

Perfect:

Perfect Con:

โครงสร้าง:

Simple:

Continuous:

Perfect:

Perfect Con:

PRESENT

PAST

FUTURE

PRESENT

PAST

FUTURE

PRESENT

PAST

FUTURE

PRESENT

PAST

FUTURE

____________

____________

____________

______________

______________

______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

จุดเด่นของกาลเวลา

PRESENT V

PAST V

FUTURE V

SIMPLE

CON

PERFECT

PERFECT CON

Choose the correct answer.

1. We have _______ all project managers to turn in their reports by the end of the

week.

(A) asking (B) asked (C) ask (D) asks

2. They had _______ most of the brochures before anyone else even had a chance

to look at them.

(A) take (B) took (C) taken (D) taking

3. Yasmin is one of our best employees and ______ working here for two years.

(A) has (B) has been (C) had (D) will

4. Most of the departments will be ______ office parties before the Christmas

vacation begins.

(A) to hold (B) hold (C) have held (D) holding

5. We have been _____ this space for the past seven years and would like to stay

for at least another seven.

(A) rent (B) rents (C) was rented (D) renting

6. The auditor discovered that the accountant had not been _____ the checks into

the correct account.

(A) was deposited (B) deposits (C) deposit (D) depositing

7. The speaker has _______ his speech by two minutes.

(A) short (B) shortening (C) shortened (D) shortage

8. The old house on the corner is ____ down and needs some serious repair work.

(A) fell (B) falls (C) fall (D) falling

Exercise

9. We realized that nobody had been ______ the checkbook.

(A) balance (B) balances

(C) was balanced (D) balancing

10. For years he has ------- by a commitment to annual employee raises.

(A) abide (B) abides (C) abided (D) abiding

PRESENT SIM

PRESENT CON

Ex. Every Friday, most employees _____ casually.

(A) dress (B) dressed (C) are dressing

TENSES นิยาม KEYWORDS

PRESENT SIM V (s)

จริงเสมอ

The sun rises in the east.

always usually, normally,

generally daily

every + day/ month/ week


PRESENT CON is, am, are + V.ing

ก ำลงัเกิดขึน้

I am working on the project.

Now, right now, at the moment

This + week/ month/ year

ตัวอย่างโจทย์วัดการน าไปใช้

PAST SIM


PAST SIM V (ed)

เกิดและจบไปแล้ว

She went to LA last week.

last + week/ month/ year

3 days/ months/ years ago

in 2000 (ปี ค.ศ.) when (I was young)

ตัวอย่างการใช้ when

I listened to the radio when I was young.


1. Every Friday, most employees _______ casually.

(A) dressed (B) are dressing (C) dress

2. Last year, the company president _______ to bring in an efficiency consultant.

(A) is wanting (B) wanted (C) wants

Past Sim Past Sim

Exercise

3. Now, the human resources manager ______ in all the qualified applicants for a

second interview.

(A) called (B) calls (C) is calling

4. Every year, the purpose of the seminar _______ to have employees identify

outdated methods and procedures.

(A) is (B) was (C) is being

5. Last week, the presenter _______ out of time before he reached his conclusion.

(A) runs (B) is running (C) ran

6. Employees usually _______ their learning with practice in the workplace.

(A) reinforce (B) reinforced (C) is reinforcing

7. Her assistant _______ and assembling the documents at the moment.

(A) copies (B) copied (C) is copying

8. This week, our courier _______ packages to our clients.

(A) delivers (B) delivered (C) is delivering

9. 5 years ago, the company _______ on a practice of verbal and not written

contracts.

(A) operates (B) operated (C) is operating

10. The manager normally _______ the new hire in front of his entire team.

(A) reprimands (B) reprimanded (C) reprimanding

PAST CONTINUOUS

โครงสร้าง: was, were + V.ing

นิยาม:

1. ใช้เดี่ยวๆ มกับอกเวลา

2. ก าลงัเดินหน้าแตม่ีเหตแุทรก

3. 2 เหต(ุแปลก)เกิดขึน้พร้อมกนั

1. ใช้เดี่ยวๆ มักบอกเวลา

■ Last night at 9 p.m., I was filling in an applicant.

■ I was filling in an applicant at 9 p.m. last night.

/at this time last night.

Past Con

Tips

2. ก าลังเดินหน้า แต่มีเหตุแทรก

Example 1: While they were trying to save their lives, the plane crashed.

Example 2: We were walking home, when we saw the accident.

1. While everybody was doing/ did the shopping, the child was

screaming/ screamed.

2. The woman was farting/ farted while she was waiting/ waited for

her friends.

3. Her son was sleeping/ slept when the accident was occurring/ occurred.

Exercise

Past Con Past Sim

KEYWORDS

3. 2 เหตุ(แปลก) เกิดขึน้พร้อมกัน

While Kru Bird was teaching,

the students were trying to concentrate.

ตวัอยา่งเพิ่มเติม: - I was preparing the presentation while my friend was typing a

report. - While the manager was accumulating the resumes, the executive was interviewing the applicant.

1. จุดบอกเวลาอย่างละเอียด

2. When

3. While

Past Con

Past Con

PRESENT PERFECT

Now

Now

โครงสร้าง: has, have + V.3

1. ใช้กับเหตุการณ์ที่เกดิตัง้แต่อดตีจนถงึปัจจบุัน

Example: She has been sick for 10 years.

Example: She was sick 10 years ago.

10 years ago

10 years ago

KEYWORDS

Example: Boy has accumulated 7 years of experience as an actor.

since - ตัง้แต่

for - เป็นระยะเวลา

over the past - ในช่วงเวลาที่ผ่านมา + 6 months/ 8 years...

ตามหลัง Since เป็น Past Sim:

I have worked here since August.

I have worked here since he was a manager.

7 years ago Now

KEYWORDS

2. ใช้กับเหตุการณ์ที่เพิ่งเกดิขึน้

Example: I have already finished my work.

just, already, recently, lately, yet

5 hours ago Now

PRESENT PERFECT CON

Charles Whitman (1966)

โครงสร้าง: has, have + been + V.ing

Example: Someone has been shooting people from the tower.

นิยาม:

1. อดีตถึงปัจจบุนั

2. แตม่นัส์ต่อเน่ือง

3. เร่ืองราวไม่เสร็จ

Tips

KEYWORDS

Present Perfect Con

He has been working very hard since last night.

Present Perfect

He has worked very hard since last night.

1. ซ า้กับ Present Perfect กรณีที่ 1

since - ตัง้แต่

for - เป็นระยะเวลา

over the past - ในช่วงเวลาที่ผ่านมา + 6 months/ 8 years...


1. I have just ________ out that my tax records will be audited by the government.

(A) find (B) found (C) am finding (D) was finding

2. The workers always ______ him to settle their disagreements.

(A) look to (B) looked to

(C) are looking to (D) have been looking to

Exercise

3. The researcher wasn’t as productive when he first ______ working here.

(A) start (B) is starting (C) started (D) has started

4. Last week, the managers ____ a very productive meeting and were able to solve many

of the problems.

(A) have been (B) have had (C) have (D) had

5. At the moment, my manager _____ a letter to dispute the charges on the invoice she

has recently received from a company.

(A)writes (B) is writing

(C) has written (D) has been writing

6. Over the past 2 months, The director’s dedication to a high-quality product ________

many of his employees.

(A) has motivated (B) motivated

(C) is motivating (D) was motivating

7. Now, the shoe store ________ about expanding into the adjacent vacant building.

(A) thinks (B) thought (C) is thinking (D) has thought

8. The collector normally ________ to explore antique shops looking for bargains.

(A) likes (B) is liking

(C) was liking (D) has been liking

9. Last year at this time, the regional director ________ the new, larger offices.

(A) look forward to (B) is looking forward to

(C) was looking forward to (D) has looked forward to

10. While I _______ my taxes, my secretary took messages for me.

(A) prepare (B) am preparing

(C) was preparing (D) has prepared

PAST PERFECT

KEYWORDS

โครงสร้าง: had + V.3

นิยาม :

Past Perfect เกดิก่อน Past Sim

Example: 1. I had spoken to my father before the meeting began.

2. He told me that he had finished his projects.

By the time, when, before, after


1. When my assistant ________, the shipment _________.

(A) had arrived, went (B) arrived, had gone

2. I _________ to the shop after it _________.

(A) got, had closed (B) had gotten, closed

Tips

Exercise

3. They ______ everything by the time I ______ at the meeting.

(A) discussed, had arrived (B) had discussed, arrived

4. When we _____ at the company, the conference _______.

(A) arrived, had already started (B) had arrived, already started

5. I _______ calling her several times but she _______ the country.

(A) had tried, left (B) tried, had left

6. I _______ my documents after someone _______ it.

(A) found, had photocopied (B) had found, had photocopied

7. The courier _____ when I _____ the letter.

(A) went, had finished (B) had gone, finished

8. The recruiter _____ the candidates by the time I ______ assembling all

application forms.

(A) had already interviewed, finished (B) already interviewed, had finished

9. After the manager _______, the problem _______?

(A) already retired, had occurred (B) had already retired, occurred

10. The brochure _____ several times before it _____ to the printer.

(A) was revised, had been sent (B) had been revised, was sent

FUTURE SIMPLE

Example:

■ The recruiter will interview all candidates tomorrow. But I’m not sure.

■ The recruiter is going to interview all candidates tomorrow. They decided

last week.

■ The recruiter is interviewing candidates tomorrow. They have booked

the meeting room.

Present Simple ใช้กับตารางเวลา

■ The train leaves Grand Central at 13.30 tomorrow.

■ This yoga class begins at 19.30.

Directions: Underline the best answer.

1. The expert negotiator goes/ is going to Spain soon.

2. The manager retires/ will retire after his vacation.

3. The store closes/ will close on Monday.

4. The customer calls/ will call to dispute the no returns policy tomorrow.

5. The seminar starts/ will start at 6 pm.

6. The train won’t/ doesn’t stop at Oxford.

7. The business planner details/ will detail steps we should follow tonight.

8. The executive committee ask/ will ask each group to present a report showing

their progress next year.

9. The experiments end/ will end next month.

10. Researchers submit/ will submit their proposal next week.

Exercise

KEYWORDS

Tomorrow, Next (week / month / year),

The day after tomorrow

FUTURE SIM & PRESENT SIM

Example: Malee will call you as soon as she arrives.

KEYWORDS PRESENT SIM FUTURE SIM

when, while as soon as

after/before if/unless

until

I see him. I will phone you.

When

V.2

was, were V.ing

had V.3

will V

when + V.2

when + V.1


1. The company _____ the candidate if she _____ a great proposal. (A) will hire, comes up with (B) hires, will come up with

2. I _____ package until the committee _______.

(A) do not send, will approve (B) will not send, approves

3. As soon as college graduates _____ resumes, the recruiters _____ calling

them in.

(A) submit, will start (B) will submit, start

4. The executives _____ you before they _____ you. (A) interview, will hire (B) will interview, hire

5. The human resources manager _____ your background before he _____

your salary.

(A) will check, negotiates (B) checks, will negotiate

Exercise

Before

had V.3

will V

before + V.2

before + V.1

After

V.2

will V

after + had V.3

after + V.1

KEYWORD PAST PERFECT

By the time, when, before + V2

After + had V.3



After + had V.3

tomorrow at 8 am

(จุดบอกเวลาอย่างละเอียดในอนาคต)

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

KEYWORDS

FUTURE PERFECT

KEYWORDS

โครงสร้าง: will be V.ing

Example:

1. Tomorrow at 4 pm I will be skiing.

2. We’ll be thinking of you on Saturday morning.

โครงสร้าง: will have V.3

by + เวลา

Example: I will have finished my work by ten o’clock tonight.

by the time + Present Example: I will have visited 5 companies by the time my boss goes

aboard.


1. Tomorrow afternoon, I _____ a list of the most popular items for sale on our website.

(A) will have compiled (B) will be compiling (C) compile

2. We _____ the training session in the auditorium by tomorrow afternoon.

(A) will have conducted (B) conduct (C) will be conducting

3. My employer _____ much office supply we need at 6 pm this evening.

(A) withholds (B) will have withheld (C) will be withholding

4. By the time the director _____, he will have earned staff members’ respect.

(A) retires (B) will be retiring (C) will have retired

5. Next Friday morning, the accountant _____ the taxes for our company.

(A) will have calculated (B) will be calculating (C) calculates

6. By this time next week, the new hire _____ good training.

(A) will be receiving (B) receives (C) will have received

7. The organization _____ their tax returns at this time next month.

(A) will be preparing (B) prepares (C) will have prepared

8. He ____ the employees on the latest personnel changes by this time tomorrow.

(A) will be updating (B) will have updated (C) updates

9. By the time you _____ the project, your work will have improved tremendously.

(A) will have finished (B) will be finishing (C) finish

10. This morning at 9 pm, the executive _____ the approach we should follow.

(A) will be debating (B) debates (C) will have debated

Exercise

BY THE TIME

had V.3

will have V.3

by the time + V.2

by the time + V.1



After + had V.3

Education

P 05 toeic-unit_5_tense.docx