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Ch bin: Ths. KIM MNH TUNHiu nh: TH THANH H

H thng cc ch im ng php cn bit trong bi thi TOEIC Cun sch cn thit cho ngi n thi TOEIC

NH XUT BN LAO NG

TOEICTOEICNG PHP

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LI GII THIU

www.OnThiTOEIC.vn xin gii thiu b sch Cc ch im Ng php cn bit trong bi thi TOEIC. Cun sch c bin son bi thy Tun (Facebook Kim Tun), ging vin nhiu nm kinh nghim luyn thi TOEIC, o to hng nghn hc vin n thi TOEIC trong thi gian qua. Rt nhiu hc sinh ca thy Tun c trn 900 im TOEIC. Thy Tun tt nghip master ti M, c chng ch ging vin chuyn o to TOEIC ca ETS (Educational Testing Service) n v t chc bi thi TOEIC, thy cng l ngi sng lp ra din n ting Anh ni ting TiengAnh.com.vn (hn 550 nghn thnh vin) v h thng n luyn TOEIC trc tuyn OnThiTOEIC.vn. Vi kinh nghim luyn thi TOEIC nhiu nm ca mnh, thy Tun bin son cun sch ny vi mc ch gip cc bn luyn thi TOEIC hiu qu nht trong thi gian ngn nht.

Cun sch Cc ch im Ng php cn bit trong bi thi TOEIC bao gm 26 ch im ng php thng gp trong bi thi TOEIC s gip cc bn nm chc cc kin thc ng php cn thit trong bi thi cng nh vn dng tng im trong bi thi TOEIC. Ngoi phn l thuyt, cc bn c th luyn tp ngay sau cc ch im ng php v xem p n cng nh gii thch pha cui sch.

Chc cc bn n luyn tht tt v thi t mc tiu ra. Mi kin ng gp v cun sch xin gi v hm th [email protected]

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MC LC

LI GII THIU.............................................................................................................. 3

BI 1: HIN TI N V HIN TI TIP DIN ....................................................... 7

BI 2: TH HIN TI HON THNH V TH

HIN TI HON THNH TIP DIN ........................................................................ 13

BI 3: QU KH N V QU KH TIP DIN .................................................. 19

BI 4: QU KH HON THNH V QU KH HON THNH TIP DIN ..... 24

BI 5: TNG LAI N V TNG LAI TIP DIN ............................................ 28

BI 6: TNG LAI HON THNH V TNG LAI

HON THNH TIP DIN .......................................................................................... 33

BI 7: BI TNG HP TH ......................................................................................... 36

BI 8: CC DNG THC CA NG T: TO, V, V-ING ....................................... 39

BI 9: NG T KHUYT THIU ............................................................................ 45

BI 10: DANH T......................................................................................................... 55

BI 11: MO T ........................................................................................................... 61

BI 12: I T ............................................................................................................. 68

BI 13: CC LOI CU HI ...................................................................................... 74

BI 14: TNH T V TRNG T ............................................................................... 80

BI 15: SO SNH.......................................................................................................... 86

BI 16: GII T ............................................................................................................ 95

BI 17: B NG ........................................................................................................ 102

BI 18: HA HP CH NG V NG T .......................................................... 108

BI 19: CU IU KIN ........................................................................................... 117

BI 20: MNH QUAN H .................................................................................... 123

BI 22: MNH DANH NG ................................................................................ 132

BI 23: MNH TRNG NG .............................................................................. 137

BI 24: LIN T ......................................................................................................... 142

BI 25: QU KH PHN T - HIN TI PHN T ............................................. 148

BI 26: CU GI NH ............................................................................................. 152


P N ........................................................................................................................ 158

P N V GII THCH BI 1 ................................................................................ 158

P N V GII THCH BI 2 ................................................................................ 163

P N V GII THCH BI 3 ................................................................................ 168

P N V GII THCH BI 4: ............................................................................... 172

P N V GII THCH BI 5 ................................................................................ 176

P N V GII THCH BI 6 ................................................................................ 180

P N V GII THCH BI 7 ................................................................................ 183

P N V GII THCH BI 8 ................................................................................ 188

P N V GII THCH BI 9 ................................................................................ 192

P N V GII THCH BI 10 .............................................................................. 196

P N V GII THCH BI 11 .............................................................................. 200

P N V GII THCH BI 12 .............................................................................. 204

P N V GII THCH BI 13 .............................................................................. 208

P N V GII THCH BI 14 .............................................................................. 212

P N V GII THCH BI 15 .............................................................................. 216

P N V GII THCH BI 16 .............................................................................. 220

P N V GII THCH BI 17 .............................................................................. 225

P N V GII THCH BI 18 .............................................................................. 230

P N V GII THCH BI 19 .............................................................................. 234

P N V GII THCH BI 20 .............................................................................. 239

P N V GII THCH BI 21 .............................................................................. 245

P N V GII THCH BI 22 .............................................................................. 250

P N V GII THCH BI 23 .............................................................................. 255

P N V GII THCH BI 24 .............................................................................. 259

P N V GII THCH BI 25 .............................................................................. 263

P N V GII THCH BI 26 .............................................................................. 267

BI 1

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BI 1CC CH IM NG PHP CN BIT TRONG BI THI TOEICwww.OnThiTOEIC.vn 04 35 134 124


Th hin ti n v th hin ti tip din thng khin nhiu bn ln ln trong bi thi, khng bit chng khc nhau ci g trong cu trc v ngha. V vy, chng ta cng xem li kin thc v th hin ti n v th hin ti tip din nh. Cc bn cn nm chc cu to, chc nng ca 2 th ny lm nn tng cho nhng phn tip theo.

I. Du hiu nhn bitMt trong nhng manh mi rt quan trng phn bit c ng 2 th ny l cn

c vo trng t. Th hin ti n v hin ti tip din c 1 s trng t rt in hnh, nu ta thy chng xut hin trong cu th phi lin tng n 2 th ny ngay lp tc. Cc bn hy ghi nh cc trng t in hnh ca 2 th ny nh:

HIN TI N HIN TI TIP DIN

- Often, usually, frequently- Always, constantly- Sometimes, occasionally- Seldom, rarely- Every day/ week/ month...

- Now- Right now- At the moment- At present- Look! Listen!...

II. Cu TrcChng ta s cng xem cu trc ca hin ti n v hin ti tip din trong bng

sau nh:


+ S + V(s/es)Ex: He frequently plays tennis.

S + am/is/are + V-ingEx: The children are playing football now.

S + do/does not + V-infEx: She doesnt usually play tennis.

S + am/is/are + not + V-ingEx: The children are not playing football right now.

?Do/Does + S + V-inf?Ex: Do you often play tennis?

Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing?Ex: Are the children playing football at present?

BI 1

HIN TI N V HIN TI TIP DIN

BI 1 CC CH IM NG PHP CN BIT TRONG BI THI TOEICwww.OnThiTOEIC.vn 04 35 134 124

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III. Cch s dng


1. Din t mt thi quen, mt hnh ng xy ra thng xuyn lp i lp li hin ti.- He watches TV every night.- What do you do every day?- I go to school by bicycle occasionally.2. Din t mt chn l, mt s tht hin nhin.- The sun rises in the East.- Tom comes from England.- I am a student.3. Din t mt lch trnh c sn, thi kha biu, chng trnh- The plane leaves for London at 12.30pm.4. Dng sau cc cm t ch thi gian when, as soon as v trong cu iu kin loi 1- I will call you as soon as I arrive.- We will not believe you unless we see it ourselves.

1. Din t mt hnh ng ang xy ra ti hin ti.- The children are playing football now.- What are you doing at the moment?2. Dng theo sau cu ngh, mnh lnh.- Look! The child is crying.- Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in the next room.3. Th ny cn c dng din t mt hnh ng sp xy ra. (TH TNG LAI GN)- He is coming tomorrow.- My parents are planting trees tomorrow.Lu : Khng dng th hin ti tip din vi cc ng t ch nhn thc, tri gic nh: be, become, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget, belong to, believe ...Vi cc ng t ny, ta thay bng th HIN TI N GIN - I am tired now.- She wants to go for a walk at the moment.

IV. Spelling


1. Ta thm s hnh thnh ngi 3 s t ca hu ht cc ng t. Nhng ta thm es khi ng t c tn cng l o, sh, s, ch, x, z.- teach --> teaches.

1. Nu ng t tn cng l e n th b e ny i trc khi thm ing. (tr cc ng t : to age (gi i), to dye (nhum), to singe (chy xm) v cc ng t tn t l ee)- come --> coming



2. Nu ng t tn cng l y v ng trc n l 1 ph m, th ta i y thnh i trc khi thm es.- try --> tries.- study --> studies

2. ng t tn cng l 1 nguyn m gia 2 ph m th nhn i ph m cui ln ri thm ing.- run --> running- begin --> beginning3. Nu ng t tn cng l ie th i thnh y ri mi thm ing.- lie --> lying4. Nu ng t tn cng l l m trc n l 1 nguyn m n th ta cng nhn i l ln ri thm ing.- travel --> travelling

BI TP(Cc bn xem p n v gii thch chi tit cui sch nh)

Question 1: My parents normally __________ breakfast at 7:00 a.m.A. eatB. eatsC. are eatingD. is eating

Question 2: This week Barbara is away on business so Tom ________________ dinner for himself.

A. cookB. cooksC. are cookingD. is cooking

Question 3: Barbara usually _____________ dinner for her husband after work.A. cookB. cooksC. are cookingD. is cooking



Question 4: John always __________ on time for meetings.A. arriveB. arrivesC. are arrivingD. is arriving

Question 5: John __________ at this moment.A. arriveB. arrivesC. are arrivingD. is arriving

Question 6: We often _________ tests at our school.A. doB. doesC. is doingD. are doing

Question 7: I ________ to my teacher now.A. talkB. talksC. am talkingD. is talkingE. are talking

Question 8: Look! Mandy and Susan _______a film on TV.A. watchB. watchesC. is watchingD. am watchingE. are watching

Question 9: Listen! The band _______the new guitar.A. testB. testsC. am testingD. is testing

E. are testing



Question 10: First I ______, then I dress.

A. wash

B. washes

C. am washing

D. is washing

E. are washing

Question 11: Quiet please! I ________ a test.

A. do

B. does

C. am doing

D. is doing

E. are doing

Question 12: At the moment, the two kids _________on the floor.

A. sit

B. sits

C. are sitting

D. is sitting

Question 13: Jeff ________ a book right now, he _______ a story to Linda.

A. hold read

B. holds reads

C. is holding - is reading

D. are holding - are reading

Question 14: Linda ________ Jeffs stories.

A. love

B. loves

C. am loving

D. is loving

E. are loving

Question 15: He ______a story to her every day.

A. read

B. reads




C. am reading

D. is reading

E. are reading

Question 16: Jenny usually __________ to school, but today she _________ the bus

because it _______.

A. cycle - take rain

B. cycles - takes rains

C. cycles - takes - is raining

D. cycles - is taking - is raining

Question 17: The train always __________ on time.

A. leave

B. leaves

C. is leaving

D. are leaving

Question 18: Whats the matter? Why ____________?

A. do you cry

B. you are crying

C. is you crying

D. are you crying

Question 19: I never ________ to the swimming pool.

A. go

B. goes

C. is going

D. am going

Question 20: What will happen if we __________ water?

A. not conserve

B. are not conserve

C. do not conserve

D. does not conserve




Trong bi thi TOEIC, hin ti hon thnh v hin ti hon thnh tip din cng l mt cp khin nhiu th sinh phi au u. Chng ta s cng xem qua kin thc v cp i ny v lm mt s bi tp cng c nh.

I. Present Perfect (th hin ti hon thnh)

1. Cu trc:

(+) S + have/has + PII.

() S + have/has + not + PII.

(?) Have/Has + S + PII?

- Yes, S + have/has.

- No, S + have/has + not.

2. Cch s dng:

2.1. Din t mt hnh ng xy ra mt thi im khng xc nh trong qu kh.

- Khng c thi gian xc nh:

Hung has traveled around the world. (We dont know when.)

Have you passed your driving test?

- Hoc i vi cc t: just, recently, already, yet,:

I have just received a letter from my father.

- Hnh ng lp li nhiu ln cho n thi im hin ti:

I have watched Iron Man several times.

- Sau cu trc so snh hn nht:

It is the most boning book that I have ever read.

- Sau cu trc: This/It is the first/second time:

This is the first time he has driven a car.

Its the second time he has lost his passport.

BI 2

TH HIN TI HON THNH V TH HIN TI

HON THNH TIP DIN



2.2. Din t mt hnh ng bt u din ra trong qu kh v vn cn hin ti.

- C cc t ch thi gian i cng nh: since, for, ever, never, up to now, so far,

John has lived in that house for 20 years. (He still lives there.)

=John has lived in that house since 1989. (Hin nay l 2015)

3. Cc t i vi th hin ti hon thnh

- Since + thi im trong qu kh: since 1982, since January.: k t khi

Since September I havent smoked.

- For + khong thi gian: for three days, for ten minutes trong vng

I havent heard from her for 2 months.

He hasnt met her since she was a little girl.

- Already: ri (dng trong cu khng nh hay cu hi, ALREADY c th ng ngay sau have/ has v cng c th ng cui cu)

I have already had the answer. = I have had the answer already.

Have you typed my letter already?

- Yet: cha (dng trong cu ph nh hoc nghi vn. YET thng ng cui cu, c th ng gia cu sau not)

John hasnt written his report yet. = John hasnt yet written his report.

I havent decided what to do yet. = I havent yet decided what to do.

Have you read this article yet? = Have you read this article?

- Just: va mi (dng ch mt hnh ng va mi xy ra)

I have just met him.

I have just tidied up the kitchen.

I have just had lunch.

- Recently, Lately: gn y

He has recently arrived from New York.

- So far: cho n by gi

We havent finished the English tenses so far.

- Up to now, up to the present, up to this moment, until now, until this time: n tn by gi.

She hasnt come up to now.

- Ever: tng bao gi cha (ch dng trong cu nghi vn)

Have you ever gone abroad?



- Never before: cha bao gi

I have never eaten a mango before. Have you eaten a mango?

- In/Over/During/For + the + past/last + time: trong thi gian qua

It has rained in the past week.

She hasnt talked to me over the last 4 days.

4. Phn bit gone to v been to

- gone to: i cha v

Ann is on holiday. She has gone to Paris.

> C ngha l by gi c y ang hoc ang trn ng n .

- been to: i v ri

Ann is back to English now. She has been to Paris.

> C y tng Paris nhng gi v Anh ri.

II. Present Perfect Progressive (th hin ti hon thnh tip din)

1. Cu trc:

(+) S + have/has + been + Ving.

() S + have/has + not + been + Ving.

(?) Have/Has + S + been + Ving?

- Yes, S + have/has.

- No, S + have/has + not.

2. Cch s dng:

2.1. Din t mt hnh ng bt u din ra trong qu kh v vn cn xy ra hin ti, nhn mnh thi gian ca hnh ng (How long)

She has been working for the same company for 30 years.

2.2. Din t mt hnh ng c tnh cht tm thi hoc c th sp thay i

It has been raining for 2 hours, but Im sure it will stop.

3. Cc t i vi th hin ti hon thnh

- Thng dng vi 2 gii t since hoc for.

I have been learning English since early morning.

- Cc du hiu khc nhn bit th hin ti hon thnh tip din: all day, all her/his lifetime, all day long, all the morning/afternoon

She has been typing letters all the morning.



4. Phn bit th hin ti hon thnh v hin ti hon thnh tip din

- Hin ti hon thnh: Din t hnh ng chm dt hin ti do c kt qu r rng.

Ive waited for you for half an hour. (and now I stop waiting because you didnt come.)

-> By gi ti khng ch na v bn khng n.

-Hin ti hon thnh tip din: Din t hnh ng vn tip din hin ti, c kh nng lan ti tng lai do khng c kt qu r rt.

Ive been waiting for you for half an hour.

-> Ti s tip tc ch vi hy vng l bn s n.


Question 1: Mary ________ (rest) in the garden all day because she _________ (be) ill.A. has rested - has been beingB. has been resting - has beenC. has been resting - has been beingD. has rested - has been

Question 2: He __________ (not, be) here since Christmas. I wonder where he _________ (live) since then.

A. hasnt been being - has been livingB. hasnt been - has livedC. hasnt been - has been livingD. hasnt been being - has lived

Question 3: She _______ (work) so hard this week that she ________ (not have) time to go to the movies.

A. has been working - hasnt hadB. has worked - hasnt hadC. has been working - hasnt been havingD. has worked - hasnt been having

Question 4: That book ______ (lie) on the table for weeks. You __________ (not read) it yet?

A. has lied - Have you readB. has lied - Have you been readingC. has been lying - Have you readD. has been lying - Have you been reading



Question 5: Tom ______ (never be) in Hanoi.A. never has beenB. has never beenC. never has been beingD. has never been being

Question 6: You ________ (sleep) so far?A. Have you been sleepingB. You have been sleepingC. Have you sleptD. have slept

Question 7: I ________ (ring) the bell for the last twenty minutes.A. have rungB. have been ringingC. has rungD. has been ringing

Question 8: They _________ (swim) all the morning.A. have swumB. have been swimmingC. has swumD. has been swimming

Question 9: She _________ (wait) for him all her lifetime.A. has waitedB. have waitedC. has been waitingD. have been waiting

Question 10: Its the second time he ______ (lose) his passport.A. have been losingB. has been losingC. have lostD. has lost

Question 11: Up to the present, we ________ (write) almost every lesson in the book.A. has writtenB. have writtenC. has been writing

D. have been writing

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Question 12: Freds brother ________ (just, graduate) from Oxford University.A. has just graduatedB. have just graduatedC. has just been graduatingD. have just been graduating

Question 13: He ______ (not/speak) on the phone for half an hour, just a couple of minutes.A. have spokenB. have spokenC. have not been speakingD. has not been speaking

Question 14: The dog _______ (bark) since midnight.A. has been barkingB. have been barkingC. has barkedD. have barked

Question 15: The children _______ (be) on holiday for six days.A. has beenB. have beenC. has been beingD. have been being

Question 16: I _______ (try) to learn English for years, but I ______ (not succeed) yet.A. have been trying - have not succeededB. have tried - have not been succeedingC. have tried - have not succeededD. tried - have not succeeded

Question 17: Paul ________ in God since he was a child.A. believedB. has believedC. has been believingD. have been believing

Question 18: We ________ (not live) in England for two years now.A. have not been livingB. have not lived

Question 19: I _______ (read) that novel by Hemingway several times before.A. has been readingB. have read

Question 20: How long you _______ (learn) English?A. have you been learning

B. have you learned




Qu kh n v Qu kh tip din l hai th c bn nhng rt quan trng hnh thnh nn nhng cu ni n gin cng nh hu ch trong qu trnh c hiu. Vic nm chc hai th ny s gip cc bn d dng hiu v tr li nhanh cc cu hi trong phn Part 5 lin quan n thi qu kh.

hc tt th Qu kh n, cc bn phi nm chc bng ng t bt quy tc c bn cng nh cch thm ui -ing vo ng t trong th Qu kh tip din.

I. Cu trc:

Cu trc ca th qu kh n v tip din kh l n gin:

TH QU KH N TH QU KH TIP DIN

1. To be:

S + was/were + Adj/ Noun

- I, he, she, it , N(s t) + Was

- You, we, they, N(s nhiu) + Were

2. Verbs

S + V qu kh

S + was/were + V-ing

II. Cch s dng:


1. Din t mt hnh ng xy ra v chm dt hon ton trong qu kh.- Tom went to Paris last summer.- My mother left this city two years ago.- He died in 1980.

1. Din t mt hnh ng ang xy ra ti mt thi im trong qu kh.- What were you doing at 8:30 last night?

BI 3

QU KH N V QU KH TIP DIN



2. Din t 1 hnh ng ang xy ra ( qu kh) th c 1 hnh ng khc xen vo. (Hnh ng ang xy ra dng QK tip din, hnh ng xen vo dng QK n)

- When I came yesterday, he was sleeping.- What was she doing when you saw her?3. Din t hnh ng xy ra song song cng 1 lc qu kh.- Yesterday, I was cooking while my sister was washing the dishes.

III. Du hiu nhn bit:

Chng ta cn nm chc cc trng t in hnh sau, chng l manh mi trong cu xc nh chun th ca cu :


last night/ year/month

yesterday

... ago

in + nm (vd: 1999)

at this time last night

at this moment last year

at 8 p.m. yesterday--

while...


Question 1: I_______ (be) hungry.A. wasB. were

Question 2: You_______ (be) in Australia last year.A. wereB. was

Question 3: She ________ (be) in London last week.A. wereB. was



Question 4: The cat ______ (be) on the roof.A. wasB. were

Question 5: We ________ (study) a very hard lesson the day before yesterday.A. studiedB. were studyingC. was studying

Question 6: When I _______ (arrive) at his house, he still ________ (sleep).A. was arriving sleptB. was arriving - was sleepingC. arrived - was sleepingD. arrived slept

Question 7: She ______ (water) the flowers in her garden while her next door neighbor _______ (chat) with her over the fence.

A. was watering - was chattingB. were watering - were chattingC. watered chattedD. watered - was chatting

Question 8: As we _______ (cross) the street, we _______ (see) an accident.A. crossed - were seeingB. were crossing sawC. were crossing - were seeingD. crossed - saw

Question 9: The bell ________ (ring) while Tom _________ (take) a bath.A. was ringing - was takingB. was ringing tookC. rang - was takingD. rang - took

Question 10: She _________ (hear) a noise and ________ (get) out of bed when the door _________ (open).

A. was hearing - was getting - was openingB. heard - got openedC. heard - got - was openingD. was hearing - was getting - opened



Question 11: The children _____ (play) football when their mother ______ (come) back.A. was playing cameB. played - was comingC. were playing cameD. played - were coming

Question 12: Who _____ (be) the man that you ______ (talk) to this morning?A. was talkedB. was - was talkingC. was - were talkingD. were - was talking

Question 13: I _____ (see) him at the gate when I ______ (come) in.A. was seeing - was comingB. saw - was comingC. saw - came

Question 14: We ______ (wait) for the bus when he ______ (pass) by in his car and ______ (offer) us a lift.

A. waited - passed offeredB. waited - was passing offeringC. were waiting - was passing offeringD. were waiting - passed - offered

Question 15: I _____ (be) very tired because I _____ (work) all day yesterday.A. was workedB. were workedC. was - was workingD. were - were working

Question 16: When the students ______ (hear) the bell, they _____ (get up) and _____ (leave).

A. heard - were getting up leavingB. heard - got up leftC. were hearing - got up leftD. was hearing - got up - left

Question 17: We (drive) ____________ around the parking lot for 20 minutes to find a parking space.

A. were drivingB. drivedC. droveD. driven



Question 18: She (get) ______ married last year?A. did she getB. was she gettingC. did she gettingD. was she get

Question 19: While Tom _____ (play) the piano, his mother was doing the washing-up.A. playsB. playedC. was playingD. were playing

Question 20: I last _______ (see) her at her house two months ago.A. seeB. sawC. were seeingD. was seeing



Th Qu kh hon thnh v Qu kh hon thnh tip din l hai th thng xuyn

xut hin thi ca TOEIC, c bit l th Qu kh hon thnh. Cc bn c th d dng

phn bit 2 th ny, tuy nhin chng vn gy khng t kh khn cho cc bn. Chng ta hy

cng tng hp li nhng kin thc c bn nht cc bn d dng phn bit v s dng

2 th ny mt cch chnh xc v hiu qu trong bi thi TOEIC nh!

I. Cu trc:

QU KH HON THNH QU KH HON THNH TIP DIN

1. To be:S + had been + Adj/ noun- She had been a good dancer when she met a car accident.2. Verb:S + had + PII (past participle)- We had lived in Hue before 1975.

S + had been+ V-ing- She had been carrying a heavy bag.

II. Cch s dng:

QU KH HON THNH QU KH HON THNH TIP DIN

1. Din t mt hnh ng xy ra trc mt hnh ng khc trong qu kh. (Hnh ng xy ra trc dng QKHT - xy ra sau dng QK)- When I got up this morning, my father had already left.

1. Din t 1 hnh ng xy ra trc mt hnh ng khc trong Qu kh (nhn mnh tnh tip din)- I had been thinking about that before you mentioned it.

BI 4

QU KH HON THNH V QU KH

HON THNH TIP DIN



2. Dng m t hnh ng trc mt thi gian xc nh trong qu kh.- We had lived in Hue before 1975.3. Dng trong cu iu kin loi 3- If I had known that you were there, I would have written you a letter.4. Dng trong cu c mun tri vi Qu kh- I wish I had had time to study.

2. Din t 1 hnh ng xy ra, ko di lin tc n khi hnh ng th 2 xy ra. (Hnh ng 2 dng QK). Thng thng khong thi gian ko di c nu r trong cu.- The men had been playing cards for 3 hours when I came.


Question 1: He _______ (marry) her two years before we met.A. had been marryingB. had married

Question 2: James told me you ________ (buy) the old vicarage two years before your sons birth.

A. had boughtB. had been buying

Question 3: I wish we ________ (buy) had bought it before.A. had boughtB. had been buying

Question 4: When I arrived at the station, the train _________ (leave).A. had been livingB. had left

Question 5: He _______ (play) tennis for 4 hours when he broke his leg.A. had playedB. had been playing

Question 6: The dog came into the house once she ________ (finish) the housework.A. had finishedB. had been finishing



Question 7: He ____________ (drive) his car for 10 minutes when he realized it had a flat tyre.

A. had drivenB. had been driving

Question 8: She ______ (throw) the letter away when she noticed it was not important.A. had thrownB. had been throwing

Question 9: He ________ (swim) for 15 minutes when he understood he had lost his swimsuit.

A. had swimB. had been swimming

Question 10: It ________ (rain) for one hour when the wind started to blow.A. had rainedB. had been raining

Question 11: He rushed to the bakers when he saw his wife ________ (forget) to buy some bread.

A. had forgottenB. had been forgetting

Question 12: Sarah was exhausted. She __________ (wash) the dishes for more than three hours.

A. had washedB. had been washing

Question 13: When he saw her, he knew he ______ (meet) her before.A. had metB. had been meeting

Question 14: When he phoned her, she _______ (go) out.A. had goneB. had been going

Question 15: When Ron arrived, the party _______ (already/begin).A. had already begunB. had already been beginning

Question 16: The children ___________ (already/go) to bed when their mother came from work.

A. had already goneB. had already been going



Question 17: If I _______ (not/be) absent yesterday, I would have met him.A. hadnt beenB. had been being

Question 18: I was very tired when I arrived home. I ________ (work) hard all day.A. had workedB. had been working

Question 19: When I arrived at the party, Tom wasnt there. He _______ (go) home.A. had goneB. had been going

Question 20: When we got home last night, we found that somebody _________ (break) into the flat.

A. had broken

B. had been breaking



Th Tng lai n v Tng lai tip din cng l 2 th c tn sut xut hin rt cao

trong thi chnh thc ca TOEIC. Ngoi ra trong thi tng lai cn c th tng lai gn

cng d gy nhm ln cho cc bn. hiu r hn v nhng th ny, cc bn c th theo

di bng so snh di y.

I. Cu trc:

TL N TL TIP DIN TL GN

(+) S + will/shall + V-inf

(-) S + will/shall + not + V-inf

(?) Will/Shall + S + V-inf?

- Yes, S + will/shall

- No, S + will/shall + not

Lu :

V-inf l ng t nguyn th khng to.

I/ We + shall

I/ We/ You/ He/ She... + will

will/shall = ll

will not = wont

shall not = shant

- She will be a good mother.

- We will go to England next year.

S + will + be + V-ing

- Will you be waiting for

her when her plane arrives tonight?

- Dont phone me between

7 and 8. Well be having dinner then.

1. D nh s lm g

S + am/is/are + going to + V-inf

- Where are you going to

spend your holiday?

2. Sp sa lm g

S + am/is/are + V-ing

- My father is retiring.

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TNG LAI N V TNG LAI TIP DIN



II. Cch s dng:

TL N TL TIP DIN TL GN

1. Din t mt quyt nh ngay ti thi im ni.

- Oh, Ive left the door open. I will go and shut it.

2. Din t li d on khng c cn c.

- People wont go to Jupiter before the 22nd century.

- Who do you think will get the job?

3. Dng trong cu ngh.

- Will you shut the door?

- Shall I open the window?

- Shall we dance?

4. Cu ha hn

- I promise I will call you as soon as I arrive.

1. Din t mt hnh ng ang xy ra ti mt thi im xc nh tng lai.

- At 10 oclock tomorrow morning, he will be working.

- I will be watching TV at 9 oclock tonight.

2. Din t hnh ng ang xy ra tng lai th c 1 hnh ng khc xy ra.

- I will be studying when you return this evening.

- They will be travelling in Italy by the time you arrive here.

1. Din t mt k hoch, d nh.

- I have won $1,000. I am going to buy a new TV.

- When are you going to go on holiday?

2. Din t mt li d on da vo bng chng hin ti.

- The sky is very black. It is going to snow.

- I crashed the company car. My boss isnt going to be very happy!

III. Phn bit Tng lai n Tng lai gn

Tng lai N Tng lai GN

Ta dng will khi quyt nh lm iu g vo lc ni, khng quyt nh trc.

- Tom: My bicycle has a flat tyre. Can you repair it for me?

- Father: Okay, but I cant do it right now. I will repair it tomorrow.

Ta dng be going to khi quyt nh lm iu g ri, ln lch sn lm ri.

- Mother: Can you repair Toms bicycle? It has a flat tyre.

- Father: Yes, I know. He told me. Im going to repair it tomorrow.



IV. Du hiu nhn bit:

Bng sau cha ng cc trng t in hnh trong th tng lai.

Tng lai N Tng lai TIP DIN Tng lai GN

tomorrow next day/week/month... someday soon as soon as until...

at this time tomorrowat this moment next yearat present next Fridayat 5 p.m. tomorrow...

xc nh c th tng lai gn, cn da vo ng cnh v cc bng chng hin ti.


Question 1: I _______ (stay) here until he answers me.A. stayB. will stayC. will be staying

Question 2: She _______ (not/come) until you are ready.A. dont comeB. wont comeC. will not be coming

Question 3: Miss Helen _______ (help) you as soon as she finishes that letter tomorrow.A. helpsB. will helpC. will be helping

Question 4: When you go into the office, Mr. John __________ (sit) at the front desk.A. sitsB. will sitC. will be sitting

Question 5: Our English teacher ______ (explain) that lesson to us tomorrow.A. explainsB. will explainC. will be explaining



Question 6: We ______ (wait) for you when you get back tomorrow.A. waitsB. will waitC. will be waiting

Question 7: What you ________ (do) at 7 p.m. next Sunday?A. do you doB. will you doC. will you be doing

Question 8: When I see Mr. Pike tomorrow, I ______ (remind) him of that.A. remindB. will remindC. will be reminding

Question 9: When you come today, I ______ (work) at my desk in Room 12.A. workB. will workC. will be working

Question 10: Please wait here until the manager ________ (return).A. returnsB. will returnC. will be returning

Question 11: Dont leave until you _______ (see) her.A. seeB. will seeC. will be seeing

Question 12: The Browns ________ (do) the housework when you come next Sunday.A. doB. will doC. will be doing

Question 13: We ________ (go) home as soon as we have finished our work.A. goB. will goC. will be going

Question 14: He ________ (work) on the report at this time tomorrow.A. worksB. will workC. will be working



Question 15: At three oclock tomorrow, I ________ (lie) on the beach.A. lieB. will lieC. will be lying

Question 16: The river ________ (not begin) to swell until some rain falls.A. doesnt beginB. wont beginC. wont be beginning

Question 17: Be careful or the cars _______ (knock) you down.A. knockB. will knockC. will be knocking

Question 18: He __________ (play) tennis at 7.30. He usually starts at 7 oclock. Could you come before that?

A. playsB. will playC. will be playing

Question 19: Your suitcase is so big. I ________ (take) it for you.A. takeB. will takeC. will be taking

Question 20: Ill have a holiday next week. I _______ (not/ get up) at 6 oclock as usual.A. dont get upB. will not get upC. will not getting up




y cng c coi l 1 cp i lun khin cc bn hc Ting Anh phi au u khng km g cp i hin ti hon thnh v hin ti hon thnh tip din. Trong phn Reading ca bi thi TOEIC, 2 th ny thng c a vo nh th sinh. Phn sau s gip cc bn phn bit c r rng v cu trc, cch dng cng nh du hiu nhn bit 2 th ny

TL HON THNH TL HON THNH TIP DIN

1. Cu trc: S + will have + PII S + will have been + Ving

2. Cch s dng:

- Din t 1 hnh ng s hon tt vo 1 thi im cho trc tng lai.

+ Ill have finished my work by noon.

+ Theyll have built that house by July next year.

+ When you come back, Ill have written this letter.

- Din t 1 hnh ng bt u t qu kh v ko di n 1 thi im cho trc tng lai.

+ By November, well have been living in this house for 10 years.

+ By March 15th, Ill have been working for this company for 6 years.

3. Du hiu nhn bit:

Cc cm t ch thi gian i km:

- By + mc thi gian (by the end of, by tomorrow)

- By then

- By the time

Cc cm t ch thi gian i km:

- By ... for (+ khong thi gian)

- By then

- By the time

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TNG LAI HON THNH V TNG LAI

HON THNH TIP DIN




Question 1: I hope it ________ (stop) working by 5 oclock this afternoon.A. will have stoppedB. will have been stopping

Question 2: By next month I ______ (leave) for India.A. will have leftB. will have been leaving

Question 3: The film _______ (end) by the time we get there.A. will have endedB. will have been ending

Question 4: They _______ (build) a house by June next year.A. will have builtB. will have been building

Question 5: Im sure they _______ (complete) the new road by September.A. will have completedB. will have been completing

Question 6: In two years from now, the contract ________ (come) to an end.A. will have comeB. will have been coming

Question 7: By the end of December, John ________ (work) as a reporter for ten years.A. will have workedB. will have been working

Question 8: By the time you arrive, I ________ (finish) writing an essay.A. will have finishedB. will have been finishing

Question 9: He certainly _______ (not/do) all his homework by ten tonight.A. wont have doneB. wont have been doing

Question 10: By November I _____ (work) for this company for 6 years.A. will have workedB. will have been working

Question 11: By March 15, I ______ (be) here for one year.A. will have beenB. will have been being



Question 12: By this time next week, he ______ (write) his novel for 6 months.A. will have writtenB. will have been writing

Question 13: You _______ (finish) your work by 9 tonight?A. Will have you finishedB. Will have you been finishing

Question 14: By 2016 we ______ (live) in London for 14 years.A. will have livedB. will have been living

Question 15: He _____ (write) a book by the end of the week.A. will have writtenB. will have been writing

Question 16: He ______ (write) this book for 3 months by the end of this week.A. will have writtenB. will have been writing

Question 17: _________ (finish/you) this project by next week?A. Will you have finishedB. Will you have been finishing

Question 18: ________ (be/she) pregnant for 5 months this week?A. Will she have beenB. Will she have been being

Question 19: An hour from now I hope I ______ (do) all these exercises. We will go to the beach then.

A. will have doneB. will have been doing

Question 20: When I get my diploma in 2017, I ______ (to live) in Hanoi for 2 years.A. will have livedB. will have been living



cc bi trc, chng ta n tp li v cc thi th c bn thng gp trong bi thi TOEIC. cc bn nm chc hn v 12 thi th ny, chng ta cng lm bi tp sau nh. Sau khi lm bi tp, cc bn xem p n v gii thch chi tit phn cui sch nh!Question 1: He has been selling motorcycles _________.

A. ten years agoB. since ten yearsC. for ten years agoD. for ten years

Question 2: Columbus ________ America more than 400 years ago.A. discoveredB. has discoveredC. had discoveredD. discovers

Question 3: He fell down when he ________ towards the church.A. runB. runsC. was runningD. had run

Question 4: We _______ there when our father died.A. still livesB. still livedC. was still livingD. were still living

Question 5: Children ______ ping-pong when their father comes back home tomorrow.A. will playB. will be playingC. playD. would play

Question 6: By Christmas, I ________ for you for 6 months.A. shall have been workingB. shall work

BI 7

BI TNG HP TH



C. have been workingD. shall be working

Question 7: I _______ in the room now.A. am beingB. was beingC. have been beingD. am

Question 8: I ________ to New York three times this year.A. have beenB. wasC. wereD. had been

Question 9: I will come and see you before I _________ for America.A. leaveB. will leaveC. have leftD. shall leave

Question 10: The little girl asked what ________ to her friend.A. has happenedB. happenedC. had happenedD. would have been happened

Question 11: John _______ a book when I saw him.A. is readingB. readC. was readingD. reading

Question 12: He said he _____ return later.A. willB. wouldC. canD. would be

Question 13: Jack _____ the door.A. has just openedB. openC. will have openedD. opening



Question 14: I have been waiting for you _________.A. since early morningB. since 9 oclockC. for two hoursD. all are correct

Question 15: My sister ________ for you since yesterday.A. is lookingB. was lookingC. has been lookingD. looked

Question 16: We _________ Doris since last Sunday.A. dont seeB. havent seenC. didnt seeD. hadnt seen

Question 17: When I last saw him, he ________ in London.A. has livedB. is livingC. was livingD. has been living

Question 18: After I ________ lunch, I looked for my bag.A. hadB. had hadC. have hasD. have had

Question 19: By the end of next year, George ________ English for 2 years.A. will have been learningB. will learnC. has learnedD. would learn

Question 20: By noon, I ________ for her for two hours.A. waitedB. will waitC. will have waited

D. will have been waiting




Mt trong nhng cu hi m cc bn n thi TOEIC thc mc nhiu nht l lm sao chn c p n ng trong cc cu lin quan n To V v V-ing? Hm nay chng ta s cng xem xt cc cu trc cu thng dng nht ca V-ing v To V. Hy vng cc bn s khng cn gp kh khn g vi dng bi phn bit V-ing hay To V trong qu trnh lm bi thi na.

V-ING TO V

1. L ch ng ca cu:- Dancing bored him.2. B ng ca ng t: - Her hobby is painting.3. L b ng: - Seeing is believing.4. Sau gii t v ng t + gii t: apologize for, accuse of, insist on, feel like, congratulate on, suspect of, look forward to, dream of, succeed in, object to, approve/disapprove of...- He was accused of smuggling.5. Sau mt vi ng t: avoid, mind, enjoy, admit, delay, excuse, consider, deny, finish, imagine, forgive, keep, miss, postpone, practise, resist, risk, propose, detest, dread, resent, pardon, fancy- He admitted taking the money.- Would you consider selling the property?- He kept complaining.

1. Nhng ng t sau c theo sau trc tip bi to V: agree, appear, arrange, attempt, ask, decide, determine, fail, endeavour, happen, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, volunteer, expect, want,...- She agreed to pay $50.- Two men failed to return from the expedition.- The remnants refused to leave.- She volunteered to help the disabled.- He learnt to look after himself.2. Verb + how/ what/ when/ where/ which + to VNhng ng t s dng cng thc ny l:ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show, think, understand, want to know, wonder...- He discovered how to open the safe.- I found out where to buy fruit cheaply.- She couldnt think what to say.- I showed her which button to press.

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CC DNG THC CA NG T: TO V, V-ing



V-ING TO V

6. Theo sau nhng cm t nh: - Its no use / Its no good...- Theres no point (in)...- Its (not) worth ...- Have difficult/ trouble (in) ...- Its a waste of time/ money ...- Spend/ waste time/money ...- Be/ get used to ...- Be/ get accustomed to ...- Do/ Would you mind...?- Be busy - What about...? How about...?- Go + V-ing (go shopping, go swimming...)

3. Verb + Object + to VNhng ng t theo cng thc ny l:advise, allow, enable, encourage, forbid, force, hear, instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade, request, remind, train, urge, want, tempt...- These glasses will enable you to see in the dark.- She encouraged me to try again.- They forbade her to leave the house.- They persuaded us to go with them.

* Note: Mt s ng t c th i cng vi c To V v V-ing, hy so snh s khc nhau v ngha gia chng.

Stop V-ing: dng lm g (dng hn)

Stop to V: dng li lm vic g

- Stop smoking: dng ht thuc

- Stop to smoke: dng li ht thuc

Remember/forget/regret to V: nh/qun/tic s phi lm g ( hin ti tng lai)

Remember/forget/regret V-ing: nh/qun/tic lm g ( qu kh)

- Remember to send this letter. Hy nh gi bc th ny.

- Dont forget to buy flowers. ng qun mua hoa nh.

- I regret to inform you that the train was cancelled. Ti rt tic phi bo cho anh rng chuyn tu b hy.

- I paid her $2. I still remember that. I still remember paying her $2. Ti nh tr c y 2 la ri.

- She will never forget meeting the Queen. C y khng bao gi qun ln gp n hong.

- He regrets leaving school early. It is the biggest mistake in his life. Anh y hi tic v b hc qu sm. l sai lm ln nht trong cuc i ca anh y.



Try to V: c gng lm g

Try V-ing: th lm g

- I try to pass the exam. Ti c gng vt qua k thi.

- You should try unlocking the door with this key. Bn nn th m ca vi chic cha kha ny.

Like V-ing: thch lm g v n th v, hay, cun ht, lm thng thc.

Like to do: lm vic v n l tt v cn thit

- I like watching TV. Ti thch xem ti vi.

- I want to have this job. I like to learn English. Ti mun c c cng vic ny. Ti cn hc Ting Anh.

Prefer V-ing to V-ing: thch lm g hn

Prefer + to V + rather than (V)

- I prefer driving to traveling by train. Ti thch li xe hn l i bng tu ha.

- I prefer to drive rather than travel by train. Ti thch li xe hn l i bng tu ha.

Mean to V: c nh lm g

Mean V-ing: c ngha l g

- He doesnt mean to prevent you from doing that. Anh y khng c ngn cn bn lm vic .

- This sign means not going into. Bin bo ny c ngha l khng c i vo trong.

Need to V: cn lm g

Need V-ing: cn c lm g (= need to be done)

- I need to go to school today. Ti cn n trng hm nay.

- Your hair needs cutting. (= your hair needs to be cut). Tc ca anh cn c ct ri y.

Used to V: tng/thng lm g trong qu kh (by gi khng lm na)

Be/Get used to V-ing: quen vi vic g ( hin ti)

- I used to get up early when I was young. Ti thng dy sm khi cn tr.

- Im used to getting up early. Ti quen vi vic dy sm ri.

Advise/allow/permit/recommend + Object + to V: khuyn/cho php/ ngh ai lm g

Advise/allow/permit/recommend + V-ing: khuyn/cho php, ngh lm g

- He advised me to apply at once. Anh ta khuyn ti nn ng tuyn ngay lp tc.

- He advised applying at once. Anh ta khuyn nn ng tuyn ngay lp tc.



- They dont allow us to park here. H khng cho php chng ti xe y.

- They dont allow parking here. H khng cho php xe y.

See/hear/smell/feel/notice/watch + Object + V-ing: c s dng khi ngi ni ch chng kin 1 phn ca hnh ng

See/hear/smell/feel/notice/watch + Object + V: c s dng khi ngi ni chng kin ton b hnh ng

- I see him passing my house everyday. Ti thy anh ta i qua nh ti hng ngy.

- She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising. C y ngi thy ci g ang chy v thy khi ang bc ln.

- We saw him leave the house. Chng ti thy anh y ri khi nh.

- I heard him make arrangements for his journey. Ti nghe thy anh ta sp xp cho chuyn i ca mnh.


Question 1: He often lets other people _______ ahead.A. moveB. to moveC. moving

Question 2: Would you mind _______ me lunch?A. buyB. to buyC. buying

Question 3: I prefer ________ to walking.A. driveB. to driveC. driving

Question 4: ________ on this beach is very pleasant.A. LieB. To lieC. Lying



Question 5: I tried _________ it to him, but he didnt understand.A. explainB. to explainC. explaining

Question 6: After _________ the conditions I left.A. hearB. to hearC. hearing

Question 7: I suggested _________ out in the rain.A. not goB. not to goC. not going

Question 8: I decided _________ for the competition.A. enterB. to enterC. entering

Question 9: Some people seem _______ very kind.A. beB. to beC. being

Question 10: I have a passion for _________ to the newspapers.A. writeB. to writeC. writing

Question 11: By _________ enormous wages she persuaded him to work for her.A. offerB. to offerC. offering

Question 12: Try ________ your past.A. forgetB. to forgetC. forgetting

Question 13: Theres no point in _______ such dangerous things.A. doB. to doC. doing



Question 14: He postponed _________ to the cinema.A. goB. to goC. going

Question 15: It is usually easier ________ English in English-speaking countries.A. learnB. to learnC. learning

Question 16: It is not worth _______ about.A. worryB. to worryC. worrying

Question 17: Did you remember ________ him the key?A. giveB. to giveC. giving

Question 18: I didnt dare ________ my mother because she felt very sick.A. leaveB. to leaveC. leaving

Question 19: I know my hair needs ________.A. washB. to washC. washing

Question 20: He keeps ________ me such stupid questions.A. askB. to askC. asking




ng t khuyt thiu (Modal verbs) l nhm ng t rt quen thuc vi mi ngi hc ting Anh. Ngay t khi hc lp 6 chng ta c lm quen vi chng qua cc cu n gin nh Can I help you?, I can swim. Mi cc bn xem li cch dng ca cc ng t khuyt thiu trong ting Anh nh.

I. c tnh chung ca ng t khuyt thiu (Modal verbs)

1. Cu trc:

S + Modal Verbs + V (bare-infinitive: ng t nguyn th khng to)

- They can speak French and English.

2. Khng bin i dng thc trong cc ngi.

- He can use our phone. (He cans use your phone)

3. Tn ti th Hin ti v th Qu kh n.

- She can cook meals.

- She could cook meals when she was twelve.

II. CAN COULD

A. CAN

CAN ch c 2 th: Hin ti v Qu kh n. Nhng hnh thc khc ta dng ng t tng ng be able to. CAN cng c th c dng nh mt tr ng t hnh thnh mt s cch ni ring.

1. CAN v COULD c ngha l c th, din t mt kh nng (ability).

- Can you swim?

- She could ride a bicycle when she was five years old.

2. Trong vn ni (colloquial speech), CAN c dng thay cho MAY din t mt s cho php (permission) v th ph nh CANNOT c dng din t mt s cm on (prohibition).

- In London buses you can smoke on the upper deck, but you cant smoke downstairs.

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NG T KHUYT THIU



3. CAN cng din t mt iu c th xy n (possibility). Trong cu hi v cu cm thn CAN c ngha l Is it possible?

- Can it be true?

- It surely cant be four oclock already!

4. CANNOT c dng din t mt iu kh c th xy ra (virtual impossibility).

- He cant have missed the way. I explained the route carefully.

5. Khi dng vi ng t tri gic (verbs of perception) CAN cho ngha tng ng vi th Tip din (Continuous Tense).

- Listen! I think I can hear the sound of the sea. (Khng dng I am hearing)

B. COULD

1. COULD l th qu kh n ca CAN.

- She could swim when she was five.

2. COULD cn c dng trong cu iu kin.

- If you tried, you could do that work.

3. Trong cch ni thn mt, COULD c xem nh nhiu tnh cht lch s hn CAN.

- Can you change a 20-dollar note for me, please?

- Could you tell me the right time, please?

4. COULD c dng din t mt s ng vc hay mt li phn khng nh nhng.

- His story could be true, but I hardly think it is.

- I could do the job today, but Id rather put it off until tomorrow.

5. COULD WAS/WERE ABLE TO

Nu hnh ng din t mt kh nng, mt kin thc, COULD c dng thng hn WAS/WERE ABLE TO.

- Huy hurt his foot, and he couldnt play in the match.

- The window was locked, and I couldnt open it.

Nu cu ni hm mt s thnh cng trong vic thc hin hnh ng (succeeded in doing) th WAS/WERE ABLE TO c s dng ch khng phi COULD.

- I finished my work early and so was able to go to the pub with my friends.

II. MAY MIGHT

1. MAY v dng qu kh MIGHT din t s xin php, cho php (permission).

- May I take this book? Yes, you may.

- She asked if she might go to the party.



2. MAY/MIGHT dng din t mt kh nng c th xy ra hay khng th xy ra.- It may rain.- He admitted that the news might be true.

3. Dng trong cu cm thn, MAY/MIGHT din t mt li cu chc (Trong cch dng ny c th xem MAY nh mt loi Bng Thi cch (Subjunctive))

-May all your dreams come true!4. MAY/MIGHT dng trong mnh theo sau cc ng t hope (hy vng) v trust (tin tng).

- I trust (hope) that you may find this plan to your satisfaction.- He trusted (hoped) that we might find the plan to our satisfaction.

5. MAY/MIGHT dng thay cho mt mnh trng ng ch s nhng b (adverb clauses of concession).

- He may be poor, but he is honest. (Though he is poor)- Try as he may, he will not pass the examination. (Though he tries hard)- Try as he might, he could not pass the examination. (Though he tried hard)

6. MAY/MIGHT thng c dng trong mnh trng ng ch mc ch (adverb clauses of purpose). Trong trng hp ny ngi ta cng thng dng CAN/COULD thay cho MAY/MIGHT.

- She was studying so that she might read English books.7. MIGHT (khng dng MAY) i khi c dng trong cu din t mt li trch mng c tnh hn di (petulant reproach).

- You might listen when I am talking to you. Lm n rng m lng nghe ti ni.- You might try to be a little more helpful. Lm n rng m t ra c ch mt cht.

III. MUST1. MUST c ngha l phi din t mt mnh lnh hay mt s bt buc.

- You must drive on the left in London.2. MUST dng trong cu suy lun logic.

- Are you going home at midnight? You must be mad!- You have worked hard all day; you must be tired.

3. MUST NOT (MUSTNT) din t mt lnh cm.- You mustnt walk on the grass.

4. Khi mun din t th ph nh ca MUST vi ngha khng cn thit ngi ta s dng NEED NOT (NEEDNT).

- Must I do it now? No, you neednt. Tomorrow will be soon enough.



5. MUST v HAVE TO

HAVE TO dng thay cho MUST trong nhng hnh thc m MUST khng c.- We shall have to hurry if we are going to catch the twelve oclock train.

HAVE TO khng th thay th MUST trong cu suy lun logic.- He must be mad. (I personally thought that he was mad.)

MU ST v HAVE TO u c th dng din t s cng bch, bt buc (compulsion). Tuy nhin MUST mang ngha s cng bch n t ngi ni trong khi HAVE TO mang ngha s cng bch n t hon cnh bn ngoi (external circumstances)- Passengers must cross the line by the bridge. (Lnh ca Cc ng St)- Passengers have to cross the line by the bridge. (V khng cn ng no khc)

IV. SHALL SHOULDA. SHALL:1. Dng trong cu trc th Tng lai (Simple Future) ngi th nht.

- I shall do what I like.2. Din t mt li ha (promise), mt s qu quyt (determination) hay mt mi e da (threat).

- If you work hard, you shall have a holiday on Saturday. (Promise)- He shall suffer for this; he shall pay you what he owes you. (Threat)- These people want to buy my house, but they shant have it. (Determination)

B. SHOULD1. Dng trong cu khuyn ai nn lm g, v tng ng vi ought to.

- You should do what the teacher tells you.- People who live in glass houses should not throw stones. (Proverb)

2. Dng thay cho MUST khi khng mun din t mt ngha qu bt buc ai phi lm g.- Members who want tickets for the dance should apply before September 1st to

the Secretary.V. WILL WOULDA. WILL:1. c dng th Tng lai (simple future), din t mt k hoch (plan), s sn lng (willingness), mt li ha (promise) hay mt s qu quyt (determination).

- All right; I will pay you at the rate you ask. (Willingness)

- I wont forget little Margarets birthday. I will send her a present. (Promise)



2. Dng trong cu ngh.

- Will you shut the door?

- Shall I open the window?

B. WOULD:1. Dng hnh thnh th Tng lai trong qu kh (future in the past) hay cc th trong cu iu kin.

- He said he would send it to me, but he didnt.- If she were here, she would help us.- He would have been very happy if he had known about it.

2. Din t mt thi quen trong qu kh. Vi ngha ny, WOULD c th dng thay cho USED TO.

- Every day he would get up at six oclock and light the fire.VI. OUGHT TO DARE NEEDA. OUGHT TO1. OUGHT TO c ngha l nn, gn ging vi SHOULD. Trong hu ht cc trng hp OUGHT TO c th c thay th bng SHOULD.

- They ought to (should) pay the money.- He ought to (should) be ashamed of himself.

2. OUGHT TO cng dng din t mt s gn ng, rt c th ng (strong probability).- If Alice left home at 9:00, she ought to be here any minute now.

3. OUGHT TO c th dng trong tng lai vi cc t xc nh thi gian tng lai nh tomorrow, next Tuesday

- Our team ought to win the match tomorrow.4. OUGHT NOT TO HAVE + past participle din t mt s khng tn ng v mt hnh ng lm trong qu kh.

- You ought not to have spent all that money on such a thing.B. DARE1. DARE c ngha l dm, c gan c th c xem nh mt ng t khuyt ln ng t thng. Khi l mt ng t khuyt thiu, n c y c tnh ca loi ng t ny.

- Dare he go and speak to her? (ng t khuyt thiu)- You darent climb that tree, dare you? (ng t khuyt thiu)- He doesnt dare to answer my letter. (ng t thng)- She didnt dare to say a word, did she? (ng t thng)



2. Thnh ng I dare say c ngha l c th, c l ng ngha vi cc t perhaps, it is probable. Thnh ng ny thng khng dng vi ch t no khc ngoi ngi th nht.

- He is not here yet, but I dare say he will come later.

C. NEED

1. C hai dng ng t NEED: mt dng l ng t thng v mt dng l ng t khuyt thiu. Khi l ng t khuyt thiu, NEED ch c hnh thc Hin ti v c y c tnh ca mt ng t khuyt thiu. N c ngha l cn phi, tng t nh HAVE TO. V th NEEDNT cng c xem l mt loi ph nh ca MUST.

- Need he work so hard?

- You neednt go yet, need you?

2. C mt iu cn nh l ng t khuyt thiu NEED khng dng th xc nh. N ch c dng th ph nh v nghi vn. Khi dng th xc nh n phi c dng vi mt t mang ngha ph nh.

- You neednt see him, but I must.

- I hardly need say how much I enjoyed the holiday.

VII. USED TO

1. USED TO l mt hnh thc ng t c bit. N c th c xem nh mt ng t thng hay mt ng t khuyt thiu trong vic hnh thnh th ph nh v th nghi vn.

- You used to live in London, usednt you?

- He usednt to smoke as much as he does now.

- He didnt use to smoke as much as he does now.

- Did you use to climb the old tree in the garden?

2. Ngy nay ngi ta c khuynh hng dng did v didnt lp th ph nh v th nghi vn cho USED TO. Trong nhiu trng hp th ph nh c th c hnh thnh bng cch s dng never. Cch dng usednt to rt him gp v cch vit hay nhm ln v kh c.

- You never used to make that mistake.

3. USED TO c dng ch mt hnh ng lin tc, ko di, lp i lp li trong qu kh m nay khng cn na.

- People used to think that the earth was flat.



4. Vi th Qu kh n ngi ta ch bit hnh ng xy ra. Vi USED TO ngi ta thy c tnh cht ko di ca hnh ng y.

- He was my classmate. (Khng r trong thi gian bao lu)- He used to be my classmate. (Trong mt thi gian kh lu)

5. Phn bit USED TO v mt s hnh thc khcUSED TO + infinitive: hnh ng lin tc trong qu khGET USED TO + V-ing: lm quen vi mt vic g.BE USED TO + V-ing: quen vi mt vic g- It took my brother two weeks to get used to working at night. Now hes used to it.- He used to work six days a week. (Now he doesnt)


Question 1: Teds flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He _________ be exhausted after such a long flight.

A. had betterB. canC. must

Question 2: The book is optional. My professor said we could read it if we needed extra credit. But we ________ read it if we dont want to.

A. dont have toB. can notC. must not

Question 3: Susan ________ hear the speaker because the crowd was cheering so loudly.A. cantB. couldntC. might not

Question 4: The television isnt working. It ________ damaged during the move.A. mustB. must beC. must have been



Question 5: Kate: ________ hold your breath for more than a minute? Jack: No, I cant.

A. Can youB. Are you able toC. Might you

Question 6: You ________ be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know havent got a penny to their name.

A. cantB. shouldntC. dont have to

Question 7: Ive redone this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the answer key. The answer in the book ________ be wrong!

A. mustB. shouldC. have to

Question 8: You _________ do the job if you didnt speak Japanese fluently.A. cantB. wont be able toC. couldnt

Question 9: You _________ worry so much. It doesnt do you any good. Either you get the job, or you dont. If you dont, just apply for another one. Eventually, you will find work.

A. dont have toB. shouldntC. cant

Question 10: You ________ be kidding! That cant be true.A. shouldB. ought toC. have to

Question 11: You _________ leave the table once you have finished your meal and politely excused yourself.

A. mightB. mayC. would



Question 12: Jennys engagement ring is enormous! It ________ a fortune.

A. must be costing

B. must cost

C. must have costQuestion 13: ________ we move into the living room? Its more comfortable in there and theres a beautiful view of the lake.

A. ShallB. WillC. Must

Question 14: If I had gone white-water rafting with my friends, I ________ down the Colorado River right now.

A. would floatB. would be floatingC. would have float

Question 15: At first, my boss didnt want to hire Sam. But, because I had previously worked with Sam, I told my boss that he ________ take another look at his resume and reconsider him for the position.

A. mustB. has toC. ought to

Question 16: You __________ take along some cash. The restaurant may not accept credit cards.

A. canB. had betterC. has to

Question 17: The machine ________ on by flipping this switch.A. could be turningB. may turnC. can be turned

Question 18: I cant stand these people - I ________ get out of here. Im going to take off for awhile while you get rid of them.

A. had betterB. might

C. have got to



Question 19: You _________ forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on time.

A. couldntB. mustntC. dont have to

Question 20: Do you always have to say the first thing that pops into your head. ________ you think once in a while before you speak?

A. Dont canB. CantC. Cannot




Danh t trong ting Anh khng ch n thun l i tng c nhc n trc tip hay gin tip thc hin hnh ng hay chu tc ng ca hnh ng trong cu m cn lin quan cht ch ti vic chia ng t. Trong bi ny, chng ta s cng hc cch nhn din danh t, phn loi chng v vn dng ng th thc ca danh t nh.

I. Chc nng ca danh t

Danh t trong ting Anh l t dng ch ngi, vt, vic, a im N c nhng chc nng sau:

1. Lm ch ng:

Her children are very obedient. Nhng a con ca c y rt ngoan.

2. Lm tn ng trc tip:

Nam likes chocolate. Nam thch scla.

3. Lm tn ng gin tip:

John gave Peter a red pen. John a cho Peter mt ci bt mu .

4. Lm b ng ca ch ng: ng sau cc ng t to be v become

My sister is a journalist. Ch gi ti l mt nh bo.

5. Lm b ng cho tn ng:

People consider him a teacher. Mi ngi ngh anh y l mt gio vin.

II. Phn loi danh t

Danh t c th chia thnh 4 loi l: Danh t chung, danh t ring, danh t tru tng, v danh t tp th

A. Danh t chung (Common nouns)

1. Danh t chung l nhng danh t ch ngi, vic v a im

- V d: dog, house, picture, computer.

2. Danh t chung c th c vit di hnh thc s t hoc s nhiu

- V d: A dog hoc dogs

3. Danh t chung khng vit hoa ch ci u.

BI 10

DANH T



B. Danh t ring (Proper nouns)

1. Danh t ring l nhng tn ring gi tng s vt, i tng duy nht, c bit nh tn ngi, tn a danh, tn cng ty.

- V d: Microsoft, Mr. David Green, La Thnh street, Greentown Hospital, Town House Hotel, City Park

2. Ch : danh t ring phi vit hoa ch ci u.

C. Danh t tru tng (Abstract nouns)

1. Mt danh t tru tng l mt danh t chung nhm gi tn mt tng hoc mt phm cht. Cc danh t tru tng thng khng c xem, ngi, tip xc hoc nm.

- V d: joy, peace, emotion, wisdom, beauty, courage, love, strength, character, happiness, personality

2. Danh t tru tng c th dng s t hoc s nhiu.

3. Danh t tru tng c th m c hoc khng m c.

D. Danh t tp hp (Collective nouns)

1. Mt danh t tp hp gi tn mt nhm hay mt tp hp nhiu ngi, ni chn, hoc vt

- V d: crew, team, navy, republic, nation, federation, herd, bunch, flock, swarm, litter

III. Xc nh danh t m c v khng m c (Countable nouns/ Uncountable nouns):

Danh t ng vai tr lm ch ng trong cu cn c xc nh chnh xc l danh t s t hay s nhiu, m c hay khng m c chia ng t cho ph hp.

1. Danh t m c: L danh t c th dng c vi s m, do n c 2 hnh thi l s t v s nhiu. hnh thc s t, n c dng vi a, an hay vi the.

- V d: a book, two books,

2. Danh t khng m c: Khng dng c vi s m, do n khng c hnh thi s t, s nhiu. N khng th dng c vi a, an cn the ch trong mt s trng hp c bit nh: milk (sa). Bn khng th ni one milk, two milks (Mt s vt cht khng m c c th c cha trong cc bnh ng, bao b m c nh: one glass of milk - mt cc sa).

Lu :

Mt s danh t m c c hnh thi s nhiu c bit nh: person people; child children; tooth teeth; foot feet; mouse mice



Mt s danh t m c c dng s t/ s nhiu nh nhau ch phn bit bng c a v khng c a: an aircraft/ aircraft; a sheep/ sheep; a fish/ fish.

Mt s cc danh t khng m c nh food, meat, money, sand, water i khi c dng nh cc danh t s nhiu ch cc dng, loi khc nhau ca vt liu .

- This is one of the foods that my doctor wants me to eat.Danh t time nu dng vi ngha l thi gian l khng m c nhng khi

dng vi ngha l thi i hay s ln l danh t m c.- You have spent too much time on that homework. (Thi gian, khng m c)- I have seen that movie three times before. (S ln, m c)

Bng sau l cc nh ng dng c vi cc danh t m c v khng m c.

Danh t m c Danh t khng m c

a(n), the, some, any the, some, any

this, that, these, those this, that

none, one, two, three,... none

many a lot of a [large / great] number of (a) few fewer... than more... than

much (thng dng trong cu ph nh, cu hi) a lot of a large amount of(a) little less... than more... than

Mt s t khng m c nn bit:

sand

food

meat

water

money

news

measles (bnh si)

soap

information

air

mumps (bnh quai b)

economics

physics

mathematics

politics

homework

Lu : Advertising l danh t khng m c nhng Advertisement l danh t

m c, ch mt qung co c th no .



- There are too many advertisements during TV shows.

Cc danh t tp hp c th s t hoc s nhiu. Chng thng i vi cc ng t s t bi nhm ny hot ng cng nhau di hnh thc l mt n v. Mt danh t tp hp i vi mt ng t s nhiu khi thnh phn ca nhm hot ng di dng tng c nhn.

- Our team is practicing three nights a week.

(i ca chng ti luyn tp ba m mt tun) => i ang hot ng di t cch l mt n v.

- The team were talking among themselves.

(i ang t ni v h) => Cc thnh vin ca h ang hot ng di hnh thc l nhiu c nhn.


Question 1: A place where people eat. ___________ .A. BathroomB. KitchenC. Dining room

Question 2: There are five____in the picture.A. sheepB. sheepsC. sheepes

Question 3: Please give me that _____.A. bookB. booksC. books

Question 4: Please keep your hands and ____ inside the car.A. feetB. footsC. footD. footes



Question 5: The _____ stood on boxes to see the parade.A. childB. childsC. childrenD. childrens

Question 6: You should place the _____ and spoons to the left of the plates.A. knifesB. knivesC. knifeD. knifes

Question 7: Are the _____chasing the other farm animals?A. geeseB. goosesC. gooseD. gooses

Question 8: All birds are very good at building their_____.A. nestesB. nestC. nestsD. nestoes

Question 9: Donna and Doug are planning to sell all their possessions and move to Maui in order to become beach _____.

A. bumesB. bumsC. bumD. bumoes

Question 10: We ate both ____.A. appleB. appleoesC. applesD. Applese

Question 11: Enter is a/anA. PersonB. ThingC. IdeaD. PlaceE. not noun



Question 12: Sunflower is a/anA. personB. thingC. ideaD. placeE. not noun

Question 13: Freedom lA. danh t c thB. danh t tru tng

Question 14: London lA. danh t tru tngB.

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