BY:ERIN UMI ROHANA

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM

Geography of Brunei Darussalam

Brunei Darussalam is a sovereign country in South east Asia that is located on the northern coast of the island of Borneo. The country has an area of 5,765 km² which occupies the island of Borneo with coastline touches the whole South China Sea

Administrative divisions Brunei is divided into four districts

(daerahs)and 38 subdistricts (mukims).

The daerah of Temburong is physically separated from the rest of Brunei by the Malaysian state of SarawakNo District Capital

Population (2011 census)

Area (km2)

1. Belait Kuala Belait 60,744 2,724

2. Brunei-Muara  

Bandar Seri Begawan

279,924 571

3. Temburong Pekan Bangar 8,852 1,304

4. Tutong Pekan Tutong 43,852 1,166

Flag Brunei Darussalam

Explan of Flag Brunei Darussalam

The national flag of Brunei has the crest of Brunei in the centre, on a yellow field. The field is cut by black and white diagonal stripes (parallelograms at an angle).

The yellow field represents the sultan of Brunei. In Southeast Asia, yellow is traditionally the color of royalty, and the royal standards of Malaysia and Thailand, and the flag of Sarawak, along with the presidential flag of Indonesia, also use a yellow field

The crest consists of a crescent (symbolising Islam) facing upwards, joined with a parasol (symbolising monarchy), with hands on the sides (signifying the benevolence of the government). On the crescent is the national motto in Arabic: “Always render service with God's guidance” ( بالهدى المحسنون Below this is a banner .(الدائمونinscribed with Brunei Darussalam (‘Brunei, the Abode of Peace’)

The black and white stripes represent Brunei's chief ministers who were once joint-regents and then – after the sultan came of age – senior advisors: the Pengiran Bendahara (First Minister, symbolised by a slightly thicker white stripe) and the Pengiran Pemancha (Second Minister, governing foreign affairs, symbolised by black)

Motto of Brunei Darussalam

بالهدى المحسنون الدائمون

“Sentiasa membuat kebajikan dengan petunjuk Allah”

“Always in service with God's guidance”

Brief History Brunei is a country among the oldest

kingdoms in the Malay world. The existence of this old Brunei to records obtained by Arab, Chinese and oral tradition.

Islam began to grow very rapidly in the sultanate of Brunei since Syarif Ali was appointed as the sultan of Brunei 3rd in the year 1425 AD the word Darussalam, the term in Arabic is "a peaceful place" or "home security", embedded in the 15th century by sultan 3rd Sharif Ali.

In 977 AD, Chinese records began to use the term Po-ni which some scholars believe to refer to Borneo. However, there is no factual evidence to justify that assumption. In 1225, a Chinese official, Chau Ju-Kua (Zhao Rugua), reported that Po-ni had 100 warships to protect its trade, and that there was a lot of wealth in the kingdom.

In the fourteenth century, the Javanese manuscript Nagarakretagama, written by Prapanca in 1365, mentioned Barune as the vassal state of Majapahit. which had to make an annual tribute of 40 katis of camphor. In 1369, the Sulus attacked Po-ni, looting it of treasure and gold. A fleet from Majapahit succeeded in driving away the Sulus, but Po-ni was left weaker after the attack. A Chinese report from 1371 described Po-ni as poor and totally controlled by Majapahit.

However, scholars claim that the power of the Sultanate of Brunei was at its peak between the 15th and 17th centuries, with its power extending from northern Borneo to the southern Philippines.

By the 16th century, Islam was firmly rooted in Brunei, and the country had built one of its biggest mosques. In 1578, Alonso Beltrán, a Spanish traveller, described it as being five stories tall and built on the water.

Form of Government

Kingdom of Brunei Darussalam is a country that has a style of government Absolute Monarchy with the sultan, who served as head of state and head of government, serves as prime minister and Minister of Defence, assisted by the advisory council sultanate and several ministers

Brunei does not have a legislative council, but in September 2000 the Sultan convened to determine the parliament that was never held again since 1984. Brunei became one of the most stable country in terms of politics in Asia

Politic in Brunei Darussalam

Brunei's political system is governed by the constitution and the national tradition of the Malay Islamic Monarchy, the concept of Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB). The three components of MIB cover Malay culture, Islamic religion, and the political framework under the monarchy. It has a legal system based on English common law, although Islamic shariah law supersedes this in some cases. Brunei has a parliament but there are no elections; the last election was held in 1962.

Under Brunei's 1959 constitution, His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah is the head of state with full executive authority. Since 1962, this authority has included emergency powers, which are renewed every two years. Brunei has technically been under martial law since the Brunei Revolt of 1962. Hassanal Bolkiah also serves as the state's Prime Minister, Finance Minister and Defence Minister. The Royal family retains a venerated status within Brunei

Economic System Of Brunei Darussalam

As the Islamic State of Brunei embraced liberal economic system in which the economy is set by the government and the country's assets or wealth controlled by a combination of the royal party (domestic) and foreign / private

This rich small economy is a mixture of domestic and foreign enterpreneur. Brunei has a teritory which is not so great and the people are not so much just about 400 thousand to make the government adopt policies that provide opportunities for the private sector to contribute in general to participate in economic activities of the State. With a wealth of oil and natural gas are abundant certainly will invite more foreign investors to invest in Brunei, it is also supported by the fact that the rotating wheels of the economy of Brunei is not a native of the ethnicity of Malay, Chinese dominate the trade and the English master the industry sector. It shows that the government provides flexibility for the private sector in economic activity in the State

Product and Income of Brunei Darussalam

Brunei is small, wealthy economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for about 90% of its GDP. About 167,000 barrels (26,600 m3) of oil are produced every day, making Brunei the fourth-largest producer of oil in Southeast Asia. It also produces approximately 25.3 million cubic metres (890×10^6 cu ft) of liquified natural gas per day, making Brunei the ninth-largest exporter of the substance in the world

Brunei has a unique economy which combines a mixture of local and foreign investment and government regulation. It is one of the richest countries in the world because of its small population and reserves of oil and gas. The country enjoys one of the highest per capita GDPs (US$41,130 in 2008-12) in Asia benefiting from high export earnings and foreign investment. Its GDP growth is 0.6% per annum (2008-12). Crude oil and gas form the basis of the country’s economy, accounting for over 90% of foreign exchange earnings and 50% of GDP.

Substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. Most of these investments are made by the Brunei Investment Agency, an arm of the Ministry of Finance. The government provides for all medical services, and subsidises rice and housing.

Currency Of Brunei Darussalam

Religion In Brunei Darussalam

National Anthem Of Brunei Darussalam

“Allah Peliharakan Sultan”

“God Bless The Sultan”

National Anthem Brunei Darussalam

Bruneian CuisineBruneian cuisine is the cuisine of Brunei. It is similar to, and heavily influenced by the cuisine of neighbouring Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia, with additional influences from India, China, Thailand, and Japan. As is common in the region, fish and rice are staple foods, though beef is expensive and thus less common. Due to the predominance of the Islamic religion, the food is halal and pork is avoided. Alcohol is banned in Brunei.In rural areas, game animals such as wild birds, sambar deer, and barking deer are hunted

Demographics Ethnicities indigenous to Brunei include the Belait,

Brunei Bisaya (not to be confused with the Bisaya/Visaya of the nearby Philippines), indigenous Bruneian Malay, Dusun, Kedayan, Lun Bawang, Murut and Tutong

The population of Brunei in July 2013 was 415,717 of which 76% live in urban areas. The rate of urbanisation is estimated at 2.13% per year from 2010 to 2015. The average life expectancy is 77.7 years. In 2014, 65.7% of the population were Malay, 10.3% are Chinese, 3.4% are indigenous, with 20.6% smaller groups making up the rest. The official language of Brunei is Malay. The Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports supports for a lingual movement aimed at the increased use of the language in Brunei

Language In Brunei Darussalam

There are a multitude of languages spoken in Brunei. The official language of the state of Brunei is Standard Malay. This came into force on 29th September 1959, with the signing of Brunei 1959 Constitution

English is also widely used as a business and working language. It is also the language of instruction in secondary and tertiary education. Other languages spoken in Brunei include the Chinese, Indian and Native languages spoken by the minority ethnic groups

Culture The culture of Brunei is predominantly Malay

(reflecting its ethnicity), with heavy influences from Islam, but is seen as much more conservative than Indonesia and Malaysia. Influences to Bruneian culture come from the Malay cultures of the Malay Archipelago. Four periods of cultural influence have occurred, animist, Hindu, Islamic, and Western. Islam had a very strong influence, and was adopted as Brunei's ideology and philosophy. Brunei's official main language is the Malay language but the English language is also widely spoken as it is considered a compulsory subject in the majority of the schools

As a Sharia country, the sale and public consumption of alcohol is banned.Non-Muslims are allowed to bring in a limited amount of alcohol from their point of embarkation overseas for their own private consumption