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The Role of the Medieval Catholic Church
• What was the Catholic Church’s role in daily life?
• Describe the church hierarchy• Why was the church powerful in Medieval
Europe?• Why did conflict arise between the Catholic
Church and the monarchies?
Essential Questions
Why the Roman Catholic Church?• The Great Schism –
– Central part of the Church was (and is) located in Rome, Italy
– As the Byzantine Empire grew stronger – the emperor of the Byzantines often disagreed with the pope.• Issues: Who had the most religious
power? Pope or Emperor?
• In 730 Byzantine Emperor Leo III was excommunicated from the church for banning icons
• By 1054 The Byzantine Empire created it’s own church: The Eastern Orthodox
Roman Catholic• Services are conducted in Latin
or local languages• The pop has authority over all
other bishops• The pope claims authority over
all kings and emperors• Priests may not marry
Eastern Orthodox• Services are conducted in
Greek or other local languages
• The patriarch and other bishops head the church as a group
• The emperor claims authority over all religious matters
• Priests may be married
Similarities:• They base their faith on the
gospel of Jesus and the Bible• They use sacraments such as
baptism• Their religious leaders are
bishops and priests• They seek to convert people
Why the Roman Catholic Church?
• During the 11th-15th European monarchies were increasing in power
• The Church and monarchies were trying to centralize political and religious power
• Most powerful institution in Europe – – Took the place of powerful
governments that once existed (Rome)
– Most people in Europe practiced Christianity
– Superstitions and tradition (God will punish you)
The Church’s Role in Society• Services – provide people with
sacraments (baptism, etc.) religious ceremonies in which a member of the church received the grace of God
• Monasteries – places where religious followers called monks and nuns practiced a life of prayer and worship. They also studied Christian works and copied the Bible
• Political Roles – strong ties to Europe’s nobility – local princes were often bishops – Many church officials helped run
monarch’s kingdoms
The Church’s Role in Society• Education –
– Religious Orders – • A group of people who live by
rules specific to their order – separate themselves from society to focus on prayer – Made up of Monks, Nuns, and Friars– Ex. Franciscan Friars –
mendicant (traveled to preach the word of God, owned nothing, and primarily lived by begging)
• Universities – Cathedrals became the center of education and power for bishops– As cities grew cathedrals
expanded into universities– Taught Greek and Roman
philosophy
Important FiguresFrancis of Assisi • Founder of the Franciscan religious
order in the 1200’s• Asked followers to live in poverty and
serve as teachers, healers, and friends to all living things
• Saint
Thomas Aquinas• Scholar began studying the texts of Aristotle
• Argued that classical philosophy could exist in harmony with Christian faith
Conflict Arises
• As monarchies grew stronger they choose to cooperate with the Church….however…
• In the 11th century the relationship was tested– Pope Gregory VII and
Emperor Henry – Holy Roman Empire
– Lay Investiture
• Tension continues for centries
Answer the Essential Questions..
• What was the Catholic Church’s role in daily life? • Describe the church hierarchy
• Why was the church powerful in Medieval Europe?
• Why did conflict arise between the Catholic Church and the monarchies?