Transfer and Management of Rural

Technology

RD30002

Guided By : Prof. S C Mahapatra , Prof. P K Bhowmick

Storage of Agricultural Products

Abhirup Mallik (07SI2033)

Abhisek Prasad (07CS1013)

Alimpan Barua (07CS1002)

Nandish Tella (07CS1018)

Yatendra Dalal (07CS3021)

INTRODUCTION

Agriculture is the Backbone of the Indian economy. Around 70% of the country’s population depend on it.

India Ranks second worldwide in terms of agriculture produce. The Agricultural produce in India feeds a population of 1 billion apart from exports.

Agriculture produce includes produce from farms, poultry, dairy, fishery etc.

INTRODUCTION

The Agriculture in India is seasonal and the products has to be stored for a long time.

So there has to be proper storage facilities to ensure that the sweat and blood of the farmers don’t go in vain.

For this we have to ensure that the farmers use good practices for storage which is the aim of our field study

The main aim of our field study

To know the main agricultural products and their storage methods being followed in chitripur and nearby villages

To understand the various storage methods and analyze them.

To come to a conclusion about the most suitable methods that can be followed after analyzing the financial conditions of the people and the climatic conditions of the region.

To suggest the villagers some better methods.

The report mainly consists about the details of :-

The agricultural products Their processing Storing of agricultural

products

Agricultural Products

The major agricultural products are :MilkFishEggsMeatSesame (til) oilMustard (sarisha) seedPaddyBy-products

Milk

The main source of milk in the village is cows, buffaloes and goats.

Milk is mainly used for consumption within the village

No storage is required.

Fish

Fish is grown in the local ponds that are owned by the people.

Fishermen are called from outside. They buy the fish and sell them in the market the same day.

Hence, no storage is required.

Eggs and Meat

Egg is primarily obtained from hen and duck.

Meat is obtained from goat and chicken.

It is consumed domestically.

No storage required.

Sesame Oil

Sesame seeds are produced as secondary crop in the village.

Farmers sell sesame seeds directly to the market.

Sesame is very profitable but the demand is not appreciable for this its considered as secondary crop.

Storage of Sesame

Sesame seeds are stored in polythene or jute bags.

Sesame oil is extracted in a oil mill near the village.

The oil obtained from the mill is stored and used for domestic purpose.

Paddy

Paddy is produced two times a year.

‘Aush’ and ‘Boro’ are the types of paddy grown at Chitripur.

Among these, ‘Boro’ is the most profitable type, because of better produce and better quality of paddy grains.

Processing of Paddy

Processing of Paddy Paddy when reaped from the field, can be

directly stored after separating it from the hay. It might also be stored in the form of rice after

processing.Processing is done by boiling the raw paddy on

large chulhas.Then the paddy is left in large tanks of water for

2 to 3 days.After the husks begin to separate from the rice,

the paddy is left to dry under the Sun.Then, the paddy is taken to mills to separate the

rice from the husks completely.The final product is stored in jute bags.

Stages in the storage of Paddy

Storage of Paddy

Paddy is dumped on the floor, if it is not stored on the ground floor.

This is because rats create holes on the ground and siphon away the rice.

Storage of Paddy

If paddy has been processed to rice, it is stored in jute bags.

This is because even a little amount of moisture can cause the rice to rot.

Byproducts of Paddy

Rice Husk obtained from the paddy is mostly used for feeding the domestic animals.

It is also stored in gunny bags and sold later to ice factories.

Byproducts of Paddy

Hay is obtained from paddy and is used for the purpose of feeding the cattle or for thatching the roof.

It is stored by stacking it at an open place as shown alongside.

Our Inferences :Requirements of storage

• Selection of site

• Selection of storage structure

• Cleaning and fumigation

• Drying and cleaning grains

• Cleaning of bags

• Separate storage of new and old stock

• Proper aeration

• Regular inspection

Suggestions:Storage Structures

Traditional storage structures Mud bin: Made by bricks and mud or by straw and cow

dung.  These are usually cylindrical in shape with varying capacity.

Bamboo  reed bin: Made by bamboo splits plastered with mixture of mud and cow dung.

Thekka: These are made up of gunny or cotton cloth wound around wooden support and generally in rectangular shape.

Metal drums: Made up with iron sheets in cylindrical and square shape with various sizes.

Gunny bags: Made up of jute.

Suggestions:Storage Structures

Improved storage structures Improved  bins: Different organisations developed and

designed improved storage structures for scientific storage of food grains, which are moisture resistant and rodent-proof.  These are:

a)         Pusa Kothi     c)         Nanda bins      e) PKV bins

b)         PAU bins       d)         Hapur Kothi      f) Chittore stone bins etc.

Brick-build godowns :-These are made by brick-walls with cemented flooring for storing paddy/rice in bulk and bags.  

Suggestion:Storage Structures

Cement plastered bamboo bin: This bin developed by Post Harvest Technology Centre, Kharagpur, in which bamboo strips are used to form the skeleton of the bin and cement-sand mortar (1:2.5 ratio) is plastered on outer and inner surface of the bin.

CAP (Cover and plinth) storage: It is an economical way of storage on a large scale. The plinth is made by cement concrete and bags are staked on open and covered by polythene cover. 

Silos: Silos are used for storage of food grains. These are made from concrete, bricks and metallic materials with loading and unloading equipment.

Suggestions: Storage Facilities

Producer’s storage Rural godowns Mandi godowns Central Warehousing Corporation State Warehousing Corporation Co-operatives 

Our Experience

We enjoyed a lot during our interaction with the people of the village. They were very kind and ready to share information about their farms , revenue , storage and their methods of cultivation.

Our Experience

THANK YOU