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Peter Zaitsev,CEO, Percona
November 3, 2015Highload++
Moscow, Russia
Practical MySQL Performance Optimization
www.percona.com2
Few Words About Percona
Your Partner in MySQL and
MongoDB Success
100% Open Source Software
“No Lock in Required” Solutions
and Services
We work with MySQL, MariaDB,
MongoDB, Amazon RDS and Aurora
2
www.percona.com3
In This Presentation We’ll
Look at how to approach Performance Optimization
Discuss Practical Performance Optimization Tips
Look at the Tools which can help us
www.percona.com4
First Things First
MySQL Performance does
not Matter!
www.percona.com5
What DOES Matter?
Application Performance!
www.percona.com6
Even More so
Application Performance Always Matters!
www.percona.com7
Take Away
Performance Problems might not be MySQL Performance Solutions might not be with MySQL
www.percona.com8
Many “Tools”
• MongoDB• Cassandra• Hadoop• Elastic Search• Redis
Use the best Tool
for the job
www.percona.com9
Say Performance
Think aboutResponse Time
www.percona.com10
Related Issues
Stability
Scalability
Efficiency
www.percona.com11
Scalability?
•Load•Data Size•Infrastructure
Scalability with:
www.percona.com12
Performance “Sandbags”
Security
Manageability
Compatibility
Compliance
Ease of use by Developers
www.percona.com13
“Good Enough”
You can always
improve your system. Know when to stop.
www.percona.com14
What MySQL Does
•Selects• Inserts•Deletes•Updates
Processes Queries
www.percona.com15
What to focus on?
•Making queries run faster
•Using less resources
•Scaling better
Performance
Optimization focused
www.percona.com16
Transaction Optimization
•Find out which queries it runs
•Optimize them
Specific Application Transactio
n
www.percona.com17
General Optimization
•Prioritize them
•Optimize them
Look at
what querie
s Server Runs
www.percona.com18
Queries
•Get rid of them?•Can we change them to be doing less work?
Are those the
right queries
?
www.percona.com19
Things to Consider
• But avoid focusing only on outliers
Do not look at the average case only
• Consider daily, weekly, monthly cycles
Look at trends over time
• Data size change? Cardinality?
Think about future
performance
www.percona.com20
Query Tips
Do less queries – latency and overhead
Read or modify less data
Less data processing on the fly
How much data is traversed vs sent
How much data is sent vs used by app
www.percona.com21
Schema
•Minor Schema changes
•Data Architecture
Look at Schema and Querie
s togethe
r
www.percona.com22
Schema Tips
• http://bit.ly/1rAtamELearn Indexing
• Starting with Text book schema is OK ending is likely not
Design Schema for data access
• Partitioning & Sharding• Normalization and Denormalization• Covering Indexes
Technics
www.percona.com23
The Following Also Matter
Infrastructure
Operating System and Configuration
MySQL Version
MySQL Configuration
www.percona.com24
Optimization Process
Low Hanging Fruit
• MySQL Configuration
• OS Settings• Indexes• Caching
Medium Level
• Infrastructure• OS• MySQL
Version
Hard Changes
• Major schema changes
• Application architecture change
www.percona.com25
Infrastructure
Scaling Up or Out
• One MySQL Node
• Many MySQL Nodes
Type
• Public Cloud • Private Cloud • Bare Metal
www.percona.com26
Hardware
CPU
Memory
Disk
Network
www.percona.com27
CPU
Intel owns the market
2 sockets commonly used
Faster cores or more cores
Turboboost
www.percona.com28
Memory
Main purpose – Cache
Think Database size vs Memory
Look together with Storage Optimization
www.percona.com29
Invest in Memory or Storage
www.percona.com30
Storage
Types
• Directly Attached
• SAN • NAS• Virtualized
Flash
• PCI-E• SATA
“Disks”• TLC, MLC,
eMLC, SLC
RAID
• Hardware• Software• Filesystem
www.percona.com31
Network
Latency
• Distance• Number of
“Hops”
Throughput
• 1Gb is a must, trunking recommended
• 10Gb increasingly affordable
Availability
• Bonding• Multipath
www.percona.com32
OS Choices
Linux
Server grade
Recent
Supporting MySQL well
www.percona.com33
OS Tuning
Defaults are good for common workloads
Filesystem: EXT4 or XFS
More Detail http://bit.ly/MySQLonLinux
www.percona.com34
MySQL Version
New versions typically improve performance
MySQL 5.7 is available now!
Scalability, Improved Optimizer, etc.
Expect some regressions
Try Percona Server 5.6
www.percona.com35
MySQL Configuration
Do not run with defaults
Do not ever obsess with tuning
More Details: http://bit.ly/1vth5Cu
www.percona.com36
MySQL Tuning in 1 slide
• max_connections• log_bin• table_open_cache_size• table_definitions_cache_size• open_files_limit• innodb_buffer_pool_size• innodb_log_file_size• Innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit• Innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
www.percona.com37 www.percona.com
Tools and The Process
www.percona.com38
Process
• Do not bring bad queries and schema in production
Developers Part
• Catch bad queries• Validate changes in hardware,
configuration, versions
Operations Process
www.percona.com39
Queries will be impacted
Hardware Changes
Configuration
MySQL Version Changes
Impact of Data Growth
Changes to the Query Mix
Optimizer Plan Changes
www.percona.com40
Tools
PT-Query-Digest from Percona Toolkit
MySQL Enterprise Monitor
MonYog
VividCortex
Graphite
www.percona.com41
Performance Schema + Graphite
• Performance Schema allows to plot query information as time series
• Solution for Graphite• Working on easy to use one for Grafana• http://bit.ly/1KQSNWC
www.percona.com42
Graphite Example
www.percona.com43
Query Profile
www.percona.com44
Server Profile
www.percona.com45
To Sum it Up
It is Application Performance what Matters!
Use Right Tools for Right Job
See what Queries MySQL is Running
Reduce Number of Queries
Reduce Data They Return
See how they can do less work
Do that work more efficiently
www.percona.com46
Want More ?
I’m talking about MySQL Replication Options
Free (as in Beer) Moscow MySQL Users Group meetup November 6th,
Hosted by Mail.ru
http://www.meetup.com/moscowmysql/
46
www.percona.com47
Percona Live 2016 call for paper is Open
Call for Papers Open until November 29, 2016
MySQL, MongoDB, NoSQL, Data in The Cloud
Anything to make Data Happy!
http://bit.ly/PL16Call
47
www.percona.com48 www.percona.com
Peter [email protected]
P.S We’re Hiring http://bit.ly/PerconaJobs
Thank You!