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Chapter 1

Overview of Electrical/Electronic Systems

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Objectives

Give examples of electrical and electronic devices.Summarize why electric and electronic devices have replaced many mechanical devices in the automobile.Explain how modern automotive systems interact.Recall the basic components of a computer network and their function.

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Objectives

Identify the major parts of electrical/electronic systems.Explain the basic operation of major electrical/electronic systems of an automobile.Recall the typical locations of electric/electronic components.

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Electric vs. Electronic

Electric deviceUses electricity to do work

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Electric vs. Electronic (Cont.)

Electronic deviceMade of semiconductor materialAlters flow of electricity

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Advantages of Electrical/Electronic Devices

Better efficiencyFasterMore accurateHigher fuel economy and performanceFewer toxic emissions

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System Interaction

All major systems work togetherFaults may be difficult to traceTraining is absolutely necessary

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Review

What are electronic components composed of?

Answer: semiconductor material

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Review

Which of the following is an advantage of electronic components vs. mechanical components?A. They have more moving parts.B. They are more accurate.C. They require no electricity.D. They need no maintenance.

Answer: B. They are more accurate.

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Computer Systems

SensorsComputerActuatorsWiring harness

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Computer Systems (Cont.)

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Computer Systems (Cont.)

Sensors detectMovementTemperature changesPressure varianceChemical contentPart locationRotation speedSoundsOther conditions

(Napa Auto Parts)

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Computer Systems (Cont.)

ComputerComplex set of electronic circuitsUses sensor inputsProduces programmed outputs

(Napa Auto Parts)

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Computer Systems (Cont.)

ActuatorsReceive signals from computerProduce movement to alter system operation

(Napa Auto Parts)

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Computer Systems (Cont.)

On-board diagnosticsAnalyze circuit operationDisplay warning or malfunction indicatorStore trouble codesScan tool retrieves codes

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Review

The components of an automotive computer system include the _____, computer, actuators, and wiring harness.

Answer: sensors

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Review

What is the function of the main computer in an automotive computer system?

Answer: It analyzes inputs from the sensors and sends instructions to the actuators.

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Starting System

ComponentsIgnition switchStarter solenoidStarting motor

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Starting System (Cont.)

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Charging System

ComponentsAlternator (generator)Voltage regulator

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Charging System (Cont.)

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Ignition System

PurposeIgnites air-fuel mixtureMonitors engine speed and other variables

ComponentsIgnition switchIgnition coilSpark plugs

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Ignition System (Cont.)

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Fuel System

Electronic fuel injectionUsed in all late-model vehiclesInjector pulse width controls fuel to engineAlmost instantaneous response to sensor input

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Fuel System (Cont.)

Electronic Fuel Injection

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Lighting System

Provides illumination for night drivingIncludes switches to control bulb operationFuture systems

Fiber opticsMultiplexing

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Lighting System (Cont.)

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Instrumentation Systems

Navigation systemDisplays road mapProvides vehicle location and direction

Driver information systemInforms driver of vehicle conditionsSome use alphanumeric code

Climate control system

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Wiper/Washer System

Primarily electricalSmall DC motor operates wipersElectric pump in washer fluid reservoir

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Horn System

Switch on steering wheelRelay sends current to horn

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Horn System (Cont.)

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Seat, Window, Lock, and Sound Systems

Power seat systemPower window systemPower lock systemSound system

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Seat, Window, Lock, and Sound Systems (Cont.)

Power Lock System

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Seat, Window, Lock, and Sound Systems (Cont.)

Sound System

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Restraint System

Protects occupants during collisionDeploys when system detects rapid vehicle deceleration

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Restraint System (Cont.)

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Suspension System

Stability control system controls shock absorber stiffnessActive suspension system makes wheels follow road surface

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Suspension System (Cont.)

Computer-Controlled Suspension System(Toyota)

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Brake System

Anti-lock brake system maintainsDirectional stabilitySteerability

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Brake System (Cont.)

Anti-Lock Brake System(Mercedes Benz)

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Traction Control System

Prevents slippage on slick pavementApplies brake to wheels individually

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Review

Which automotive system produces the high voltage that operates a vehicle’s spark plugs?

Answer: ignition system

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Review

What is the purpose of a stability control system?

Answer: It controls shock absorber stiffness.

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Review

What are the principal components in an anti-lock brake system?

Answer: wheel speed sensors, computer, hydraulic actuator