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Guðmundur Ó. Friðleifsson, Ari Stefánsson, Ómar Sigurðsson, Þór Gíslason.HS Orka, Brekkustígur 36, 260 Reykjanesbær, Iceland.

HS Orka Chief Geologist , gof@hsorka.is IDDP-PI and coordinator and DEEPEGS coordinator,

Drilling progress of RN-15/IDDP-2 at Reykjanes

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Drilling progress of RN-15/IDDP-2

• Short Overview of the IDDP program2000 - 20152015 – 2020

Highlights:

• RN-17 at Reykjanes – well of opportunity in 2005

• IDDP-1 in Krafla in NE-Iceland - drilled 2009 into >900°C hot magma, => the world’s hottest production well (>450°C).

• Drilling of IDDP-2 at Reykjanes in SW-Iceland in 2016

• IDDP-3 well in the Hengill Central Volcano - before 2020 ?

• www.iddp.is – www.deepegs.eu

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• RN-15– 2500 m deep– ø12-1/4" production section– Without liner

• Deepen to 4000 - 5000 m

RN-15, Well of Opportunity

(From Mannvit - Everything blue is new)

Drilling progress of RN-15/IDDP-2

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The IDDP ConsortiumRunning the project and the chief funding partners of IDDP well from 3.5-5 km depth

(National Energy Authority) 2007-2013- New Energy ASA 2007-2011

- Petroleum 2015-2020

2008

Principal Science Investigators:Guðmundur Ómar Friðleifsson, HS Orka

Wilfred A. Elders, University of CaliforniaSince 2005Since 2001

Funding for science coring

The DEEPEGS project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant

agreement No 690771

2015-2020

GGW 2016 gófLaunching IDDP-2

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Reykjanes

• Preparation for drilling Final design selection of materials/methods

purchasing materials receive on site Cabled thermocouples added on the outside of

the casing – Temperature tolerance up to 600°C Decision made to use IMAGE funded fibre optic

cable to 900 m outside casing – GFZ personnel funded by GEOWELL

• Drill rig on site in late July Drilling operation formally began 11.08.2016 3 km casing depth reached 23.08.2016 Cementing of casing completed 06.09.2016 Cement being drilled out today - 09.09.2016 Public meeting before drilling held at

Reykjanesbær on 4th August, 2016

4 km depth reached 17.11.2016

• Monitoring Accelerometer set up in the nearest village (Grindavík)

some 12 km from drill site. Seismic network expanded by ISOR close to the drill

site, and network expanded by 3 seismometers and MT monitoring station from KIT

Gas monitoring equipment during drilling supplied by ICDP and set up – we fund transporting of the tools

Conductivity and pH monitoring during drilling added

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Coring tools – coring funded by ICDP and NSF

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Coring tools

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Monitoring tools

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Monitoring tools

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Monitoring tools

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Monitoring tools

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Monitoring tools

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Phase I – Deepening of RN-15/IDDP-2 from 2500 m to 3500 mDrilling 12 ¼” conventional rotary from 2500 m to 2750 m, 12 ¼” directional drilling from 2750 m to 3000 m. Azimuth 210°, build inclination smoothly to 16°. Total loss of circulation for the whole section. Run in hole with 9 5/8” casing together with fiber-optic cable and thermocouple cables for downhole monitoring, to 2940 m. Casing cemented (reverse cementing). 8 ½” directional drilling. From 3000 m to 3200 m we dealt with drilling problems due to total loss of circulation. We tried to cure by repeated cement plugs but without intended success. Decided to continue conventional 8 ½” drilling in total loss of circulation. Phase I completed at 3500 m, about 3 weeks behind schedule.

Phase II – Drilling of RN-15/IDDP 2 to 5000 mDrilling 8 ½” conventional rotary drilling to 4000 m was completed yesterday. Total loss of circulation, some drilling problems and slow rate of penetration, but overall able to secure reasonable hole cleaning and keep other drilling parameters inside limits. Azimuth 220°. Inclination close to 30°. At the same time we are preparing to run in hole 7” casing and cement if needed, and continue drilling with 6” bit. Phase II funded by the IDDP consortium: HS Orka, Statoil, Landsvirkjun, Reykjavik Energy and Orkustofnun. If needed we can use the 3 ½” string funded by DEEPEGS for stimulation to complete the hole to 5 km depth with 6” bit. Science Coring Seven 8 ½” core runs already performed. First two runs without retrieving any core. Decided to modify core bit design. 3rd core run, managed to retrieve 65 cm of core (core barrel 9 m). No core in run #4. Core barrel cut by ½ and reamers stripped off, and only one stabilizer kept in BHA. Core run #5 vas very successful, 3.85m of core + fill. Core run #6 also successful but only 15 cm core plus fill. Last core run 13 cm + fill.

Short Overview

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IDDP-2 náði 4000 m dýpi 17. nóvember 2016

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400°C isotherm

600°C isotherm

Quartz seal

500°C isotherm

Well section

What is to be expected at 5 km ?

(From Ketil Hokstad, Statoil)

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Well and track location

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IDDP-2

34 wells drilled – HS Orka began at RN-10

16

10

29

1224 21

13

1411

IDDP-2 target depth

Well track location

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Depth - Time curve for the drilling progress

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What are we drilling into?

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5. Attempt for coring at 3865 m depth

Dolerite sill

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Analogue to earliest hydrothermal vein system in the Geitafell gabbro

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Preliminary study of the dolerite corefrom 3865 m depth at Reykjanes suggestsan analogy to the earliest hydrothermal vein system in the Miocene Geitafell gabbro – which was emplaced at some 350-700°C.Temperature estimates are premature for the amphibole veins in the Reykjanes core.

It is important to acknowledge that the drill cores we are getting with great difficulty and at high costs may become the only rock samples that we get to study the root zone of the black smoker analogue at Reykjanes. Thanks to ICDP and NSF for supporting the core drilling.

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Recorded earthquakes 12.8.2016 – 14.11.2016 – since the beginning of IDDP-2 drilling

(Data compiled by Egill Á. Guðnason, ÍSOR)

Conclusions on earthquakes since IDDP-2 drilling began

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Earthquake distribution since RN-15/IDDP-2 began

(Data compiled by Egill Á. Guðnason, ÍSOR)

GGW 2016 góf(Data compiled by Egill Á. Guðnason, ÍSOR)

Conclusions on earthquakes since IDDP-2 drilling began

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Depth distribution of earthquakes | 2013 - 2015 A seismic gap appears below 3 km depth, beneath the core of the production field. This is roughly the same area that is rich in micro-seismic events in the uppermost 2 km, i.e. at reservoir depth

where the main production takes place. It is also noteworthy that the seismic gap is less between 5 and 6 km compared to the depth range from 3 to 5 km. Principally, there are three possible explanations for the seismic gap; a) it is just a coincidence that micro-seismicity has not been observed below 3 km depth during the recording period

of 2013 to 2015 – highly unlikely – no evidence of seismic activity within this presently aseismic body in the past b) the lowering of the pressure in the production field has reduced the pore pressure at depth resulting in increased

rock strength – possible explanation – production from the Reykjanes field is reflected by considerable subsidence c) the temperature is high enough within this aseismic body to prevent stress accumulation to result in faulting, i.e.

the brittle-ductile boundary is at close to 3 km depth below the production field – possible explanation

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IDDP-2

Lack of geological knowledge on the 3-5 km section being drilled

„Mickey Mouse“ Diagram

I was waiting a new tomography model from IMAGE – for Vp/Vs in the 3-5 km section under Reykjanes

NOW we have a few coresamples to put into cartoonof this sort – and hopefullywe manage to get a few more cores

We have been drilling blind since 2.5 km, only getting cuttingsof sheeted dykes frombetween 3.0-3.2 kmdepth – so input to this cartoon is limited

Downhole geophysical logs would help a lot - if weget them – which is - as yet - not clear because of hightemperatures and problems in getting the tool down thehole

Exciting time for IDDP-2 drilling and coring – willwe end in ductile rocks?

GGW 2016 gófWhere and when do we land IDDP-2

ThankS for your attension

Injection test, flow tests and Pilot plant testing untill 2020

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For more information please contact us via

The DEEPEGS project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 690771

www.deepegs.eu www.facebook.com/deepegs/ twitter.com/DEEPEGS_demo

www.iddp.is