IC ENGINE ASSINMENT A PRESENTATION ON

AUTOMATIC GEAR CHANGER

SUBMITTED BY-NAME-SHIVKANT TIWARIB.TECH (ME) 6thSEMESTERUID-K10772

SUBMITTED TO-MR. AMARDEEP SIR(ASST. PROF. OF MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT)

Introduction

A method of controlling a gear change of an automobile, said automobile comprising an internal combustion engine; an automatic transmission connected to an output rotation shaft of said engine so as to transmit the rotational output of said engine to drive wheels of said automobile through any selected one of a plurality of gear ratios; a load device selectively connectable to said output rotation shaft of said engine via selectively-connecting means; and means for generating a gear change control signal for selecting

• one of said gear ratios of said automatic transmission in accordance with one of operational conditions of said automobile and said engine said method comprising the steps of controlling said selectively-connecting means when said gear change signal-generating means generates the control signal for shifting up the gear in said automatic transmission,

in such a manner that said selectively-connecting means connects said load device to said output rotation shaft of said engine. An automatic gear change control apparatus for an automobile, said automobile comprising an internal combustion engine; an automatic transmission connected to an output rotation shaft of said engine so as to transmit the rotational output of said engine to drive wheels of said automobile through any selected one of a plurality of gear ratios.

HISTORY

• Modern automatic transmissions can trace their origins to an early "horseless carriage" gearbox that was developed in 1904 by the Sturtevant brothers of Boston, Massachusetts. This unit had two forward speeds, the ratio change being brought about by flyweights that were driven by the engine. At higher engine speeds, high gear was engaged. As the vehicle slowed down and engine RPM decreased, the gearbox would shift back to low. Unfortunately, the metallurgy of the time wasn't up to the task, and owing to the abruptness of the gear change, the transmission would often fail without warning.

• The next significant phase in the automatic transmission's development occurred in 1908 with the introduction of Henry Ford's remarkable Model T.

• The mechanism which converts the engine output into different speed and power combinations at the road wheels

• There are many different types of transmission.

• For driving licence purposes they are only classed as Manual or Automatic

Transmission System

In the transmission diagram different size gear ratios join together to enable the road wheels to turn at a wide variety of speeds within the engine limits.

Working Principle

• In this process, we are fixed the two dc gun(electronic) in either side of the vehicle pedal for the gear direction movement. The dc gun is fixed on the end of the flat plate. The plate has pivot at the center. The guns are operated by the help of electric supply and it’s controlled by the control unit. The control unit is nothing but the microcontroller is a small chip, its already programmed and feed in the chip for working of our project. The gun working is one for the increase the gear speed and another one is to decrease the gear speed. For the forward motions DC gun one is operated and for the reverse motion DC gun two is operated.

• Electric gun- An electron gun (also called electron emitter) is an electrical component in some vacuum tubes that produces a narrow, collimated electron beam that has a precise kinetic energy.

• Two type-• 1.Dc gun- Use Dc Voltage• 2. Ac gun- Use Ac Voltage

WORKING COMPONENT OF AUTOMIC GEAR

Flywheel

• Gear Ratios

In the picture to the right, suppose the smaller gear has 13 teeth The second, larger gear has 26 teeth.

The gear ratio is therefore 13/26 or 1/2 (written as a ratio of 1:2)

For every revolution of the smallest gear the largest gear has turned much slower – only ½ a revolution

In easy terms – you can accelerate quickly in a low gear but you can’t attain a high speed ,You can reach a high speed in a high gear but you can’t accelerate as quickly

Transmission Systems - All

Manual selection– This gives the same flexibility as a manual gearbox

– It is especially useful for uphill or downhill gradients

– It also allows you to hold the vehicle in the same gear

– On downhill gradients selecting a low gear will assist braking, especially if the vehicle has a retarder fitted.

Driving safely1.You should know how to change gear

2.When to select gears

3.Which gear to select

4.Some coaches have high and low ratio transmissions which can total up to 16 different gears.

How to change gear1.Consult the vehicle manufacturers handbook

2.Seek advice from a qualified trainer

3.There are many different types of gearbox that will require further training.

Transmission Systems - Auto

There are many different types of gearbox and gear selectors

– In general most buses and many coaches have some form of automatic gears

– Often, this modern type of transmission senses and selects the appropriate gear according to road speed and the load on the engine

– The driver is usually able to override the system by use of the gear selector or ‘kickdown’

Selecting drive

– Application of the footbrake before selecting drive is a very important safety feature for any automatic transmission

– It ensures foot placement is correct before releasing the handbrake

– Some transmissions will not allow drive to be selected unless the footbrake is applied and the handbrake is on

There are many different types of gearbox and gear selectors

– In general most buses and many coaches have some form of automatic gears

– Often, this modern type of transmission senses and selects the appropriate gear according to road speed and the load on the engine

– The driver is usually able to override the system by use of the gear selector or ‘kickdown’

‘Kickdown’ – By depressing the accelerator fully down this

provides for quicker acceleration and:

– It may also result in the vehicle automatically changing down to a lower gear

– The engine may rev higher than normal before changing gear

Selecting drive

– Application of the footbrake before selecting drive is a very important safety feature for any automatic transmission

– It ensures foot placement is correct before releasing the handbrake

– Some transmissions will not allow drive to be selected unless the footbrake is applied and the handbrake is on

Using the handbrake

– Fully applying the handbrake whenever you are stationary is important on an automatic vehicle

– Automatic vehicles may move forwards or backwards in gear with the handbrake off – this is called ‘creeping’

– Secure the vehicle and select NEUTRAL when stationary for a long period to avoid danger and damage. Never leave the vehicle in gear with the engine running.

Which gear to select

• Change gear in good time before a hazard or junction

• Choose the most appropriate gear for your speed and the road conditions

• Avoid holding on to the gear lever unnecessarily

• Avoid ‘coasting’ with the clutch pedal depressed or the gear lever in neutral. It is illegal

PROCESS DEFINE WITH THE HELP OF IMAGES

Which gear to select

• Change gear in good time before a hazard or junction

• Choose the most appropriate gear for your speed and the road conditions

• Avoid holding on to the gear lever unnecessarily

• Avoid ‘coasting’ with the clutch pedal depressed or the gear lever in neutral. It is illegal

Using the green band on a rev counter as a guide will allow the optimum and most economical engine speeds to be maintained

Ensure the appropriate speed is attained before selecting the right gear for the circumstances or manoeuvre

However, not all automatic gearboxes allow for a manual selection.

CONCLUSION-

• The main purpose of this project is used to automate the gear changing mechanism in vehicles. In this project we are doing the gear changing mechanism using with the help of electronic THINGS. This is very useful for the gear changing mechanism in automobile vehicles.

SOME IMPORTANT TIPS………

Understanding how the gears work will help you to get the most out of them.

You should be aware of the manufacturers advice for the particular vehicle that you drive

Don’t forget to check your driving license! Many drivers are restricted to driving automatic passenger carrying vehicles only

THANK YOU