CIFOR’s contribution to ASFCC: Results from Phase 1 and Plan of work for Phase 2

CIFOR’s contribution to ASFCC:Results from Phase 1 and Plan of

work for Phase 2

CIFOR’s Objectives

The overall objectives of Phase II are in line with the objectives of Phase I. The objectives of Phase II will feed into the general objectives (outcomes & outputs) of the ASFCC as follows:

• Providing solid evidence on social forestry and its contributions to ASEAN countries’ social, economic, and ecologic objectives in response to climate change

• Generating new knowledge and understanding of social forestry, food security and climate change

• Sharing knowledge and contributing to capacity building in ASEAN

Approach and Methods

Generating new knowledge and understanding of social forestry, food security and climate change in swidden systems by

Providing a deeper understanding of how existing horizontal and vertical social networks can serve to enhance opportunities and diminish obstacles for forest communities to participate meaningfully in and benefit from REDD+ and/or PES

Providing analysis of how the forest management systems of shifting cultivators contribute to local people's livelihoods, food security and their implications for carbon trajectories in the landscape

Providing a deeper understanding of “multi-locality” of swidden households and communities and how their existing social networks (such as rural-urban and rural-rural interactions) influence information and resource exchange, and affect local peoples’ livelihoods, food security and carbon stocks

through social network analysis, carbon stock analysis, livelihood assessments, policy network analysis of adaptation and mitigation

THINKING beyond the canopy

Site selection The criteria for the site selection:1. Swidden farming is a dominant land use in the

community

2. Significant forest cover is present in the village area (including mature forest)

3. Other specific characteristics (e.g. presence of oil palm as external driver of change, proximity of a natural park)

4. Possible synergies with other projects (Laos: I-REDD; Vietnam: I-REDD and GCS; Indonesia: COLUPSIA) are present Country Province District Sub-district Village Sub-village

Indonesia West Kalimantan

Kapuas Hulu Batang Lupar

Mensiau Keluin


Kapuas Hulu Badau Tinting Seligi Sungai Telian


Kapuas Hulu Badau Janting Bunut Lalau


Kapuas Hulu Putusibau Utara

Benuak Tengah

Benuak Tengah Hilir

Vietnam Son La Moc Chau Que

Vietnam Nghe An Con Cuoung Lay

Laos Huaphan Vienthong Muang Kao

Laos Huaphan Vienthong Huay Muay

THINKING beyond the canopy

27 FGD

350 HH surveys

• Socio-economic data• Shifting cultivation and

other land use practices• Social Networks• Understanding of REDD/PES• Migration patterns

Key messages• The dynamism of swidden and other local resource

management systems and their implications for carbon stocks is not well understood

• Swidden communities are experienced in responding appropriately to external drivers of change

• Even seemingly remote rural households and communities are embedded in multiple social networks that link people and places (rural to urban, individuals to organizations, peripheries to centers)

building on local community realities and local knowledge rather than creating parallel institutions is key to efficient and effective design of a REDD+ architecture that responds to local needs

Results: social networks• Social networks and rural-urban linkages (for example through

migration) are key for people to respond to a changing environment

• High levels of diversity across countries and differences in gender experiences are important to understand how networks are being used to share information and benefits related to livelihoods

Examples of networks studied: • Indonesia: Customary land use, fertilizers & herbicides• Laos: Corn, poverty reduction projects, national park related

projects• Vietnam: Agricultural systems, social/mass organizations

Perspectives on Oil Palm Plantation Development Kapuas Hulu, Indonesia

Male

Female

Youth

Job opportunities

Afford schooling for children

Other benefits: school transportation, free medical services, new road construction, etc

Reduced labor input to manage swidden and rubber garden

Good money but not so much (“enough to buy salt”)

Swidden size decrease, while they want to maintain Dayak identity (forest and swidden)

New market for non-timber forest products (i.e. durians)

Positive outlook Negative outlook

Participatory and landscape carbon measurements

Key messages: participatory & landscape monitoring

• Not surprising, but little discussed

– High biodiversity in fallows

– Local communities can measure carbon competently and have significant knowledge of forest resources

• It is possible to map swidden land use patterns and associated carbon stocks with satellite images in combination with ground truthing

Maintaining biodiversity and building on existing local skills is essential for effective and efficient REDD+ that delivers co-benefits

Land use information on swiddening from satellite data

Land cover classes :Swidden Bush Fallow Young Fallow Mature FallowForest Other

Key mitigation and adaptation policies in Vietnam and Indonesia

(Pham et al., 2014, submitted) Indonesia Vietnam

Adaptation National Adaptation Strategy 2003Indonesia’s Climate Change Adaptation ProgramLaw No. 24/2007 on Disaster Management

Action Plan Framework for Adaptation to Climate Change in the Agriculture and Rural Development Sector, 2008–2020

Mitigation National REDD+ strategyGreen Paper on Economic and Fiscal Policy Strategies for Climate Change Mitigation outlining the government’s fiscal and economic policies for emission reductions, carbon finance and institutional strengthening

National Payments for Forest Environmental Services: Decree 99National REDD+ Program

Both adaptation and mitigation

National Action Plan Addressing Climate Change (RAN-PI) 2007Indonesia Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap 2010

National Strategy for Environmental ProtectionNational Target Program to Respond to Climate ChangeAction Plan for Adaptation and MitigationDecision No. 2139 on the National Climate Change Strategy

REDD+ policy arena actors: how do they see adaptation?

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

All (n=36)

Government (n=12)

International organizations (n=5)

Donors (n=5)

National research institute (n=1)

Private (n=2)

Domestic NGO (n=4)

International NGO (n=7)

REDD+ is likely to help coping or adapting to climate change in Vietnam


0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

All (n=61)

Government (n=19)


Donors (n=7)


Private (n=9)

Domestic NGO (n=12)


REDD+ is likely to help coping or adapting to climate change in Indonesia

REDD+ is likely to help coping or adapting to climate change in Indonesia

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

All (n=36)

Government (n=12)


Donors (n=5)


Private (n=2)

Domestic NGO (n=4)


Agree and strongly agree Neither agree nor disagreeDisagree and strongly disagree



Key messages: adaptation-mitigation synergies

• Few incentives for adaptation project developers to consider mitigation: because adaptation and mitigation funding are separate streams, these developers just have to show adaptation outcomes.

• Mitigation project developers may have more reasons to integrate adaptation, for example for being certified by CCB or for increasing project sustainability and carbon permanence under a changing climate

• Even though REDD+ policy arena talks about adaptation, this is not reflected in reality

(Financial) Incentives are required to realise synergies, and signals from global level are needed

Knowledge sharing contributions to ASFN events, to international and national policy arenas, but also knowledge sharing at the

local level, and in subnational policy arenas to communicate our research findings in close

collaboration with the ASFN secretariat

Activities for 2014

• A coordinated social forestry policy framework is developed– Literature review on the relevant policies and measures

influencing social forestry initiatives in Indonesia– Share knowledge from CIFOR’s previous research on social

forestry, and contribute to capacity building in ASEAN, and input/collaborate with partner's activities on common issues/sites

– Partnerships developed with National University of Laos and REDD+ Office of Department of Forestry

Activities for 2014

• Knowledge sharing and information dissemination– Knowledge sharing events and reporting back to stakeholders

held in Vientiane, Lao PDR, Kapuas Hulu, Indonesia, Nghe An and Son La, Vietnam, Feb-Mar 2014

Activities for 2014

• Knowledge sharing and information dissemination– Knowledge sharing events and reporting back to stakeholders

held in Vientiane, Lao PDR, Kapuas Hulu, Indonesia, Nghe An and Son La, Vietnam, Feb-Mar 2014

– Planning workshop for ASFCC Phase 2 with Indonesia, Vietnam and Lao PDR country research teams, Mar

– In cooperation with CGIAR communications team and ASFN Secretariat, contribute to social media training strengthening for ASFN focal points and partners, ongoing

– Supporting partner to ASFCC discussion forum at Forests Asia, May 5-6

– Presentation at Carbon-Land-Property conference in Copenhagen, July 1-4

Activities for 2014

• Generate new knowledge and understanding of social forestry, food security and climate change – Analysis of existing data of how existing horizontal and vertical

social networks can affect local community participation in REDD+ or PES

– Case studies on how government initiated social forestry programs contribute to community livelihoods, food security and its implications for carbon trajectory in the landscape in Indonesia

– Literature review on migration, remittances, and resources exchange in shifting cultivation communities in South East Asia

– Time-series mapping of swidden landscapes across Lao PDR sites

THANK YOU!