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Raefer Wallis is the principal of A00 Architecture and GIGA. Bridging the gap between IT, material science and the built environment, his software is used by the world’s largest developers and design firms while being designed to accelerate environmental regeneration. Recipient of numerous awards for design and design sustainability, he lectures extensively both in China and Internationally. He received his masters degree in Architecture at McGill University in Montreal, Canada prior to setting up his Shanghai practice in 2004. After doing numerous RESET certified pilot projects, Raefer talks about how it has become clear that it is also possible to use HVAC systems to save energy.
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PILOT PROJECT
PROJECT CERTIFICATION FORHEALTH & WELLNESS
Indoor Air Quality Criteria
TMRESETREGENERATIVE ECOLOGICAL SOCIAL & ECONOMIC TARGETS具 有 再 ⽣生 作 ⽤用 的 ⽣生 态 , 社 会 和 经 济 ⺫⽬目 标
重生
RESET why?
Lung cancer has risen 56% in Beijing over a decade, mainly due to air pollution. [1]
Cancer is the leading cause of death in China, with lung cancer claiming the most mortalities. [2]
410,000 people (and rising) die each year due to air pollution in China. [3]
TM
[1] Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, 2011[2] He J, Gu D, Wu X, et al. Major causes of death among men and women in China. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(11):1124–34.[3] Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, 2009
RESET why?
Indoor PM2.5 levels are about 75% of outdoor levels. Buildings tend to be negatively pressurized, pulling particulates indoors and adding them to indoor chemical gasses. [1]
Formaldehyde in more than 92% of Chinese households is above the maximum allowable standard. 76% of the households are 5 times higher than the standard. [2]
Concentration of individual indoor air pollutants can easily be 100x worse than outside. [3]
The average person in Shanghai and Beijing spends 91% of their time indoors. [4]
TM
[1] PureLivingChina. Data taken over 600 projects across Shanghai and Beijing.[2] Center for disease control in China, 2014[3] PureLivingChina. Data taken over 600 projects across Shanghai and Beijing.[4] GIGA. Survey in 2010 across 250 people
RESET why?
Children are more susceptible because their immune systems are not yet fully developed and they breathe in 50% more air per kilo of body weight than adults. [1]
PM 2.5 exposure has been correlated with birth weight deficits of 189g and smaller birth lengths of 1.1cm in male infants. [2]
TM
[1] "Children at Risk" Clean Air Task Force, May 2002[2] “Gender differences in fetal growth of newborns exposed prenatally to airborne fine particulate matter.” Wieslaw Jedrychowski, US National Library of Medicine National Institute of Health, Sept 30, 2013
Good Materials(documented low - no VOC)
Good Lungs(filtering and air exchange)
Good Results(continuous monitoring)
+ =
15.3 113.5
x 872 m3 = 28µg/m3
15.3 113.5
x 872 m3 = 28µg/m3
20%
80%
Hazardous: Beyond measurable level
Healthy level
0 Time
FLUSH-OUTPHASE(PASS)
CONSTRUCTIONPHASE
OCCUPANCYPHASE
RESET Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
Changing the industry.RESET™ provides an alternative to standard industry practise in which spaces are flushed out, tested, certified and unknowingly left to climb back up to hazardous levels.
NRDC Tishman Speyer Glumac
PILOT PROJECT
CERTIFIED
Lend Lease MMoser
GLOBAL CO2
405OFFICE CO2
280
Executive Summary:
Good Moderate Sensitive Unhealthy Very Unhealthy
Particulate Matter (PM)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Temperature
Relative Humidity (RH)
Total Volatile Organic Compounds (Chemicals)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)Healthy
Unhealthy
Good Moderate Sensitive Unhealthy Very Unhealthy
Bedroom: Particulates (PM2.5) 24-Hour Testing Period
Total Volatile Organic Compounds(Chemicals): 1 Week Testing Period
Good Moderate Unhealthy
• Absolute level: 2-10 times the healthy level. • Patterns: drops when HVAC in operation and builds up when HVAC system not on and during non-
office hours• Influencing factors: building materials and ventilation
Carbon Dioxide: 3 Day Testing Period
Good Moderate Sensitive Unhealthy Very Unhealthy
• Absolute level: Of concern. Levels hover between Moderate and Very Unhealthy.
• Patterns: Predictable. Directly related to occupancy. Slightly accelerated decrease at ~6am.
• Influencing factors: Highly insufficient fresh air supply
Relative Humidity (RH) 1 Week Testing Period
Good Moderate Sensitive Unhealthy Very Unhealthy
• Absolute level: consistently elevated, possibly leads to mold growth and pesticide proliferation
• Patterns: minor spikes in morning and evening
• Influencing factors: HVAC system lacks dehumidification function.
Relative Humidity (RH) 3 Day Testing Period
Good Moderate Sensitive Unhealthy Very Unhealthy
• Absolute level: consistently elevated, possibly leads to mold growth and pest proliferation
• Patterns: Humidity drops when HVAC is turned on.
• Influencing factors: HVAC system lacks sufficient dehumidification function.
Good
Temperature: 1 Week Testing Period
• Absolute level: comfortable level
• Patterns: Temperature drops when HVAC system is on during office hours
• Influencing factor: HVAC system settings and outdoor temperature
Good
Temperature: 3 Day Testing Period
• Absolute level: comfortable level
• Patterns: Temperature drops when HVAC system is on during office hours
• Influencing factor: HVAC system settings and outdoor temperature
VER-F Units
IAQ Monitor
Example Floor Plan
CCS Server
LESSONS LEARNEDFROM MONITORING
DEHUMIDIFYAIR CONDITION LESS
LIVING TECHNOLOGYVENTILATE LESS
MONITORING + BMSADJUST TO OCCUPANCY.
