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πτυχιακη εργασια ελλαδα και ευρωπαικη ενωση 19811

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  • 1. 2013 1981-2012 : A.M .: 431/2010200 :

2. 2 , : , , , , , ........ , . , . , , , , . , . , , . , , , . , . . , . . . . , , . . 3. 3 . . , . . Alietro Spinelli1 . . 2 . 1 (1907- 1986) , . , , 10 6 . . . . 1984 .., . . . . 20 . 2010. 2 Spinelli Group, . . . . 21-22 ./..: 1981-2011,( 71-72). 2011. 4. 4 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : EURATOM: : : EURES: : : : : : : : : : : : RTH TLANTIC REATY RGANIZATIN - , ( ) 5. 5 : : : : : .. EUROSTAT: . 6. 6 . . , , 40 . 1949, , , . 9 1950 - , , . , 9 " ". 18 1951 , . , , . : , , , , . : , , , , , . 25 1957 , . , () " ". , . 7. 7 60 1961, , . , , , . 30 1962 () , . . . , . 1990, . " Beatles" 1963. Beatles, , . , . 20 1963 18 . , 78 , ( ). . - . , 1968 . , , , 8. 8 , , . 1 1968 , . . . . 1968 . 600.000 , . , , . 1969, , . 24 1972 1970. , . (), 1972, , 30 . 1970 . , " ". , Greenpeace. 9. 9 1 1973 , , . : , , , , , . : , , . 1973, , . 10 1974. , . , , . . 7 10 1979 . , , (.. "" ""). , . 1974 1975 . , . , , 1978, 1970. 10. 10 , , (1972) 1980, , , . , . , Solidarno. 1981 , . . 1 1981 . 1974. : , , , , , , , , . : . 11. 11 28 1984 . , 1984 Esprit, . 1 1986 1985, , . 17 1986 1968, . . 1986 . , . 15 1987 Erasmus . 2 . . , , 1989. , . 40 ( 1990). 12. 12 , 1991. , , , . 7 1992 . , . , " ". 1 1993 : , , . 200 1986, , , . . 1 1995 , . 15 . 1990, , . 26 1995 : B, , , , , . 13. 13 . , , . 17 1997 . , . 13 1997 : , , , , , , , , . . 2000, . 1 1999 ( , 2001, ). . . : , , , , , , , , , , . , . 2000-2009 11 2001, World Trade Center 14. 14 . 3 000 . . 1 2002 . , . 80 . . , , . . ( ) . 31 2003 , . , . , 2010 , . 1 2004 , , , , , , . 60 . . : , , , , , , , , , , , , , . 15. 15 : , , , , , , , , . : , . 29 2004 25 . 25 . . 25 . , . . . 1 2007 , , , 27. , . 13 2007 16. 16 27 , . , , , , . 1 2009. 2007 , . , . 2008 . . . 3 . 3 http://europa.eu/about-eu/eu-history/index_el.htm 10 2012 17. 17 ........................................................................................................... 22 ...............................................................................................24 - .................................................................24 18. 18 1 : .................................................................................................26 1.1 / / ......................................................................27 1.2 ...................................29 1.3 ................................31 1.4 .......................................................................................32 1.5 .................................................................................34 1.6 ...........................................37 1.7 / .....................................40 1.8 : ..43 1.9 ...........................................................................................46 1 ..............................................................48-50 2 . .............................................................51 2.1 ..........................................................52 2.2 . ....................53 2.3 ...........................54 2.4 . .........................55 2.5 ............................58 2 ..........................................................................60-61 3 1981- 2013.....................................................................................................62 3.1 . ........65 19. 19 3.2 1981-1985 1985- 1989 ............................................................................................................67 3.3 1989 1990 ...........78 3.4 1990...79 3.5 .......................................... 81 3.6 1990-1993 ............... 84 3.7 1993- 1995 ............................................................ 87 3.8 1996 2004............................................................ 90 3.9 2004- 2009 ....................................................... 96 3.10 2008- 2009 ..................................................101 3 ......................................................................103-107 4 : ; ............................................................................................. 108 4.1 ................................................................................ 109 4.2 2007-2008 ............................................... 111 4.3 ............................................................. 112 4.4 ..................................................................114 4.5 ....117 4 .....................................................................134 - 137 5 ..........................138-139 5.1 ...........................................................................140 5.2 : ..................................................................141 5.3 : ; ..........144 20. 20 5.4 : ; ................................................................................149 5.5 ..........................................156 5 ................................................................180-184 ............................................................................................185 .................................................................................188 2500 . 21. 21 ........... . , . , . . , , , , , , , . , . - , , , . 22. 22 31 , , , - . , , , , , . 1981 . . , , -. 1980, , . 1985 , . . , . . 90 . , . . 23. 23 , , . -. . , , , , . , ( 1992, 1997, 2001). 1992 8 Schengen . 1994 , . 1996 EURO 1 2002. 2000 (12 -) 2003 . 2008 . , . , , . , 24. 24 . , 1980 . , , . , , . . 2012 . . , 2012 . , , , . , 1981 . , . , 25. 25 . 1 . 26. 26 , . , . , . .. 4 , . / / . , , 5 . , , , , , sui-generis , 6 . 4 . , , . , . 24, , , 2011-2012. 5 .. /. , (), , , 2006, . 16-49. 6 A,K. 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(.), : , : , 1998 . 157-194. 106. 106 73 (8/9/2008) http://www.hellenicparliament.gr/UserFiles/a08fc2dd-61a9-4a83-b09a- 09f4c564609d/ES040322.pdf 26/11/2012 . , ;, . , 15 2003 . , . , , .. 16, 1983. . , 1990, 80, 80. . . ,(), , , /, .. 2002. . , : , (1993-2010). - 32, , 2010. . /. (.), : . , , , . . , 1987. . (.), . , . , . . . . , . . . . .. , . , , 1988. .. , 1981-1996, , , , , 1997. .. ,(), , , /, .. 2002. ., . ,1996. . , (.) 1990- 2010, ,. 107. 107 19/11/2012. (11/10/2009). (18/8/2009) http://www.tovima.gr/finance/finance- news/article/?aid=294001&wordsinarticle=%CE%94%CE%97%CE%9C%CE%9F%CE%A3%CE%99% CE%9F%CE%9D%CE%9F%CE%9C%CE%99%CE%9A%CE%9F%3b%CE%A0%CE%A1%CE%9F%CE%93 %CE%A1%CE%91%CE%9C%CE%9C%CE%91 . 2008-2011, 2009. http://www.minfin.gr/content- api/f/binaryChannel/minfin/datastore/a0/eb/4e/a0eb4ef4aaeb32ded5f2657791821b9ff280d84 5/application/pdf/2009_02_05_SGP-GR-EL_08.pdf 28/11/2012. . /. /. (.), (1966), . 1974- 1994, , . .. , : . . (.) . . . , -, 2010. . , 1949-1974, , (.), . 9, 2003 . ./. , : , , . 1, , ,- , , : , , . 13, 108. 108 4 : ( ) , ; , , ; , ; , , . , , . . - - . , . , , , , . , , , . . , 109. 109 : . , , ! , , ; , , . , , 170 . . 171 . , , 172 . . , 173 , , , , 1973, , . , , 170 . , . . 8 6 1961-1981. , , 1995, . 155. 171 , , , , .... 172 . . ( , ) http://www.alfavita.gr/artra/art13_7_9_0703.php 173 20 , , , , , , , , , , . 110. 110 . , 1989, 174 . , , , , .., . 1 175 , , , , , . , , , . , (7) , ) , ) , ) , ) , ) , ) , )176 . 174 , , . 175 . . ( , ) http://www.alfavita.gr/artra/art13_7_9_0703.php 176 . /. , , Rosili, 2011, . 21. 111. 111 , , , , (, , .), . , , , , 177 . 2007-2008. 2008 2009 . 1980 1990 , . Dot.Com 2001, Federal Reserve Bank178 . , . (subprime loans) , . , , 179 . , , , , 180 . , . , 21 . 177 . , , , 2011, . 152. 178 . , .. (. 177), . 263. 179 . , 1974-2008, , 2011, . 274. 180 . /. , .. (. 176), . 183. 112. 112 , , -, 181 . . 2007-2008 , . , , . 182 , , . . 183 , , 184 . , ( ), 181 R. 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Fitch192 -. , . 190 http://www.euro2day.gr/news/economy/124/articles/549835/Article.aspx 29/11/2012 191 http://www.tanea.gr/oikonomia/article/?aid=4542129 29/11/2012 192 (, , ). : Moodys - Standard & Poors- Fitch Ratings. , . Enron, Lehman Brothers, Fannie Mae Freddie Mac . Moodys Hanover Re . Moodys 175 . . . , , , , . Credit Rating AgenciesNRSROs". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 25 September 2008. http://www.sec.gov/answers/nrsro.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-30 http://oikonomica.com/2011/12/26/credit_raring_agencies/ 118. 118 , 193 . 20 2009 , , . . 8 Fitch +. Standard and Poors 16 , . , 23 , Moodys194 . 2010 Spreads195 : spreads, 21 2010 Spread 300 1000 2010196 . 193 http://www.tanea.gr/oikonomia/article/?aid=4546615 29/11/2012 194 http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_economy_1_23/12/2009_38448 195 Boutsikas M.V. (2005-7), & , ( ), , () . , . . . . , , 11%, 3%, 8%, 800 . 2008 100 (1%), 2011 2000 (20%) . 196 : . http://www.naftemporiki.gr/photos/slideshow.asp?id=24529 30/11/2012 spreads, 1000 (28-04-2010) http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?catid=22770&subid=2&pubid=11444974 30/11/2012 119. 119 3 2010, 80 (15) 30 ()197 . 3 : " " () " " () " " (). . 8 2010 " " ("Loan Facility Agreement ") " " ("Stand-by Agreement") . "" . (), 197 () . 27 1945 , 29 80% . , , , 1 22 1944. . . - . ( " "). , . , , , , . , , . , , . " ", , , . . , , Globalization and its Discontentss Stieglitz Joseph . New York: WW Norton & Company, 2002. 120. 120 () (), "", "" ( ) . 2010, . 198 . , 9 , 10%, . . 3 . 199 : 30% , , . 12% . 7% , , . 4,5 5%, 9 10%, 19 21%. 15% . 10% 30% ( ) . ( 2003), . 198 . 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( ) . 50 . : 8.000 . 12.000 . . . . 2%. : 1450 , 4% 10% , 6% 14%. : . 20% . 2 3 . 126. 126 . 21 . 158 . 109 (49 ), 37 , 12 . 15 30 2020209 . Fitch Moodys . , . . . , , . -. , . , . 210 : . . 209 158 . (21 -07- 2011) http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.article&id=295123 30/11/2012. 210 http://news247.gr/oikonomia/metra_sok_gia_thn_ekth_dosh.1378362.html 30/11/2012. 127. 127 . . 8.000 5.000 . . 23 . 27 211 50% 130 . , 50%. 2021 . 30 212 213 . 211 PSI ( Private Sector Involvement - ) OSI, (Official Sector Involvement - ). (, ) , , -. . . 26 , , 27/10/2011, . Official Sector Involvement Private Sector Involvement. http://www.minfin.gr/portal/el/resource/contentObject/id/a85f1f13-8242-432b-a8a1-9f8d45451dc1 30/11/2012. 212 (European Financial Stability Facility - EFSF) (special purpose vehicle ) 27 9 2010 . 7 2010 4 2010. . . To EFSF , , 128. 128 , , . , . 31 . . , . , 214 . G-20, . . . 215 . 3 , . . 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( 01/11/2012) http://www.skai.gr/news/finance/article/216203/metra-upsous-94-dis-euro-kai-ufesi-45-sto- mesoprothesmo-gia-to-2013/ 1/12/2012 133. 133 , . , . . 134. 134 4 . , . . 8 6 1961-1981. , , 1995. . . ( , ) http://www.alfavita.gr/artra/art13_7_9_0703.php . /. , , Rosili, 2011 . , , , 2011. . , 1974-2008, , 2011. R. Gilpin, , , 9 , A 2010. . De Haan/S. Oosterloo/D. Schoenmaker, Financial Markets & Institutions: A European Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. I. , , , 2009. http://www.euro2day.gr/news/economy/124/articles/549835/Article.aspx 29/11/2012 http://www.tanea.gr/oikonomia/article/?aid=4542129 29/11/2012 Credit Rating AgenciesNRSROs". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 25 September 2008. http://www.sec.gov/answers/nrsro.htm . Retrieved 2009-04-30 http://oikonomica.com/2011/12/26/credit_raring_agencies/ http://www.tanea.gr/oikonomia/article/?aid=4546615 29/11/2012 135. 135 http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_economy_1_23/12/2009_38448 M.V. Boutsikas (2005-7), & , : . http://www.naftemporiki.gr/photos/slideshow.asp?id=24529 30/11/2012 : spreads, 1000 (28-04-2010) http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?catid=22770&subid=2&pubid=11444974 30/11/2012 . , Globalization and its Discontentss Stieglitz Joseph . New York: WW Norton & Company, 2002. . 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Official Sector Involvement Private Sector Involvement. http://www.minfin.gr/portal/el/resource/contentObject/id/a85f1f13-8242-432b- a8a1-9f8d45451dc1 30/11/2012. 10 (27-10-2011) http://www.tovima.gr/finance/article/?aid=427551 30/11/2012. . , ... (03-11-2011) http://www.real.gr/DefaultArthro.aspx?page=arthro&id=102831&catID=11 30/11/2012. . , 18 . . , CDS- ISDA: http://www.real.gr/DefaultArthro.aspx?page=arthro&id=130232&catID=2 1/12/2012. . , 9,4 . 4,5% 2013 137. 137 ( 01/11/2012) http://www.skai.gr/news/finance/article/216203/metra-upsous-94-dis-euro-kai-ufesi- 45-sto-mesoprothesmo-gia-to-2013/ 1/12/2012 138. 138 5 139. 139 , , . . , . , , . , , . H . 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Foreign Affairs Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138010/timothy-garton-ash/the-crisis-of-europe 6/12/2012 160. 160 . , , 80%. , , 13 . , . , , -, , . , , , , . , , , , . ING, 10% , . , . ( 1930, , ). , . , : . Monnet , Jean Monnet, . , , , 161. 161 . ! . , 40 , . , . , ; . 500 . , . , , , , , . , . , . ; , , - : , , , . , 2030, . , . , . , , . , . 2001, George W. Bush , ;. , , . , , 162. 162 , . , . , . , , . , , , , . , , . . , . , , . , . . , . : , !. , . , , Radoslaw Sikorski, , , , : , . ... , 254 , , , . . , 254 http://foreignaffairs.gr/articles/69049/timothy-garton-ash/i-krisi-tis-eyropis?page=show 19/2/2013 163. 163 , . , - , - , ( , , !). , , . , 20 , , , . , . , . , . . , B: Bundestag ( , - , ), Bundesverfassungsgericht ( , 1945 ), Bundesbank ( ), , Bild. . 2012, 164. 164 49% . , . , , . ... , 1945, , . , . 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