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DIABETES NEPHROPATHY นพ . กมล โฆตงล โรงพยาบาลมหาราชนครศธรรมราช 26 นยายน 2560 นครศธรรมราช

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Page 1: Hand out diabetes nephropathy management

DIABETES

NEPHROPATHY

นพ.กมล โฆษิตรังสิกุล

โรงพยาบาลมหาราชนครศรีธรรมราช

26 กันยายน 2560

นครศรีธรรมราช

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Nephropathymanagement

¡ เบาหวาน¡ โครงสร้างของไต¡ โรคไตจากเบาหวาน

¡ การแบ่งระยะของโรคไตจากเบาหวาน¡ การจัดการโรคไตในภาพรวม

2

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AretaeusofCappadocia

3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_diabetes

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https://www.slideshare.net/Docsanjana/diabetes-mellitus-dr-sanjana-ravindra

Latin word " Mellitus” meaning

“ sweetened with honey”

Greek word “ Diabainein” Meaning

“ to siphon or pass through”

To pass through sweetened with honey

Diabetes mellitus

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เบาหวาน

5https://www.khaosod.co.th/view_newsonline.php?newsid=1439561144

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Urinestrip

6

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http://droualb.faculty.mjc.edu/Course%20Materials/Physiology%20101/Chapter%20Notes/Fall%202011/

chapter_18%20Fall%202011.htm

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เบาหวาน

8

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http://www.nature.com/nrd/collections/type2diabetes/sponsors/index.html

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NEPHRON

11

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PathophysiologyofDKD

14

Metabolicpathways

Hyperglycemia

• AGE• PKCPathway

• Polyolpathway

• OxidativestressIntracellular

signaling

molecules

andROS

Activated

growth

factors&

cytokines:

TGF-B,

VEGF,

IL-1,IL-6,I

L-18,TNF

Diabeticnephropathy

Hemodynamicpathway

Highpressure

• RAAS• VEGF• TGF-B• Endothelin

Satirapoj B, J Med Assoc Thai, 2010. 93 Suppl 6:S228-41

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Podocyteinjury

15http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/62/11/3647

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Proteinuria

16

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Endothelialdysfunction

17

https://lutimax.asia/blogs/home/lutimax-and-diabetes

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Endothelial-podocytecrosstalk

18https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3806598/figure/F1/

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Normalglomerulus

19

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HistologicchangesinDKD

20

KeyWordsGlomerulosclerosisGBMthickeningExtracellularmatrix

accumulation

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21

Figure 6Histological changes in the kidney

http://www.clinsci.org/content/124/6/351

HistologicchangesinDKD

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eGFR

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GlomerularFiltrationRate

24

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GlomerularFiltrationRate

25

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26

Gold standard • Inulin

Alternative • Iothalamate

• Iohexol

• DTPA • EDTA

ml/min/1.73m 2

GFRmeasurement

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28Cockcroft DW, et al. Nephron 1976;16:31-41.

Cockcroft-GaultEquation

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29Levey AS, et al. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:461-470.

MDRDEquation

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Levey AS. Ann Intern Med. 2009; 150:604-612. 30

CKDEPIEquation

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eGFRCALCULATION

31https://www.kidney.org/professionals/KDOQI/gfr_calculator

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DiabetesNephropathy

32

Chronology Bloodpressure

Albuminexcretion

GFR

Stage1 Hyperfiltrationstage

Attimeofdiagnosis

Normal <30mg/day #20-50%

Stage2 Silentstageornormoalbuminuria

Firstfiveyears

Normal <30mg/day 1Or#20%

Stage3 Incipientormicroalbuminuria

6-15years High 30-300mg/day 1

Stage4 Overtnephropathyormacroalbuminuria

15-25years High >300mg/day $12-15ml/min/year

Stage5 Endstagerenaldisease

25-30years High <10-15ml/min

Mogensen,Diabetes, 1983.32 Suppl 2:p 62

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eGFR&Normalaging

33

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Estimated

GFR

(mL/min/1.73m

2 )

Age(years)

0 20 40 60 80 100

Inulin (Davies and Shock, 1950)

NHANES III Estimated GFR (median, 5th, 95th percentiles)

Uremia, Ca-PO4 imbalance, volume overload, oxidative stress, inflammation, anemia incident CVD, CVD death

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DiabetesNephropathy

34

020406080

100120140160180

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Duration of Diabetes

GFR

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ChronologyofDKD

35

Microalbuminuria

Albuminuria

eGFR

(mL/

min

/1.7

3 m

2 )

0

ฤ2040

60

80

100

120

140

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

DurationofDiabetes(years)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

UrinaryA

lbumin(m

g/24h)

eGFR Albumin

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ChronicKidneyDisease

36

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DKDmanagement

37

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โรคไตจากเบาหวาน

38https://www.slideshare.net/praveensurgeon/ayurveda-and-diabetic-nephropathy

GFR

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DKDmanagement

41

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Howtogettarget

42

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ตั้งเป้าหมายร่วมกัน

43

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ตั้งเป้าหมายร่วมกัน

44

Supportingstructures

Patients

Team

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PathophysiologyofDKD

45

Metabolicpathways

Hyperglycemia

• AGE• PKCPathway

• Polyolpathway

• OxidativestressIntracellular

signaling

molecules

andROS

Activated

growth

factors&

cytokines:

TGF-B,

VEGF,

IL-1,IL-6,I

L-18,TNF

Diabeticnephropathy

Hemodynamicpathway

Highpressure

• RAAS• VEGF• TGF-B• Endothelin

Satirapoj B, J Med Assoc Thai, 2010. 93 Suppl 6:S228-41

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การรักษาเบาหวาน

46

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การรักษาเบาหวาน

47

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การรักษาเบาหวาน

48

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การรักษาเบาหวาน

49https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MetforminFrench Lilachttps://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/ไลลัก

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Metformin

50http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v19/n12/fig_tab/nm.3414_F1.html

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Metformin

51https://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v10/n3/full/nrendo.2013.256.html

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Glycolysis

52https://www.asclsce.org/c20298/Laboratory-Methods-to-Aid-in-the-Detection-of-Sepsis

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Metformin

53http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/39/7/1281

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Metformindoses

54Diabetes Care. 2011 Jun; 34(6): 1431–1437.

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Pathophysiologyofdkd

55

Metabolicpathways

Hyperglycemia

• AGE• PKCPathway

• Polyolpathway

• OxidativestressIntracellular

signaling

molecules

andROS

Activated

growth

factors&

cytokines:

TGF-B,

VEGF,

IL-1,IL-6,I

L-18,TNF

Diabeticnephropathy

Hemodynamicpathway

Highpressure

• RAAS• VEGF• TGF-B• Endothelin

Satirapoj B, J Med Assoc Thai, 2010. 93 Suppl 6:S228-41

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MetaAnalysis:LowerMeanBPResultsinSlowerRatesofDeclineinGFRinDiabeticsandNon-Diabetics

56

95 98 101 104 107 110 113 116 119

r=0.69;P<0.05

MAP(mmHg)

GFR

(mL/min/yea

r)

130/85 140/90

UntreatedHTN

0

-2

-4

-6

-8

-10

-12

-14ParvingHH,etal.BrMedJ.1989. MoschioG,etal.NEnglJMed.1996.VibertiGC,etal.JAMA.1993. BakrisGL,etal.KidneyInt.1996.KlahrS,etal.NEngJ.Med1994. BakrisGL.Hypertension.1997.HebertL,etal.KidneyInt.1994. TheGISENGroup.Lancet.1997.LebovitzH,etal.KidneyInt.1994.

Bakris GL, et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;36(3):646-661.

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ControlofBloodpressure

57

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ACEI&ARBinDKD

58

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Combinationofmedication

59

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FollowUpAfterStartACEI/ARBs

60

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Renalmicrocirculation

61https://basicmedicalkey.com/urinary-system-disorders/

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ControlofGFR

62https://basicmedicalkey.com/urinary-system-disorders/

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ControlofGFR

63http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/data/books/1130/kas_ch334_f002.png

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ACEI&ARBmechanism

64

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Nephropathymanagement

¡ เบาหวาน¡ โครงสร้างของไต¡ โรคไตจากเบาหวาน

¡ การแบ่งระยะของโรคไตจากเบาหวาน¡ การจัดการโรคไตในภาพรวม

65

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Chapter13:InternationalComparisons

2016ANNUALDATAREPORTVOLUME2:END-STAGERENALDISEASE

https://www.usrds.org/2016/view/v2_13.aspx

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Figure13.1Geographicvaria2onsintheincidencerateoftreatedESRD(permillionpopula2on/year),bycountry,2014

2016AnnualDataReport,Vol2,ESRD,Ch13

2

DataSource:Specialanalyses,USRDSESRDDatabase.Datapresentedonlyforcountriesfromwhichrelevantinforma>onwasavailable.Allratesareunadjusted.^UnitedKingdom:England,Wales,NorthernIreland(Scotlanddatareportedseparately).DataforItalyinclude6regions.DataforIndonesiarepresenttheWestJavaregion.DataforFranceinclude22regions.DataforSpaininclude18of19regions.DataforCanadaexcludesQuebec.Japanincludesdialysispa>entsonly.Abbrevia>ons:ESRD,end-stagerenaldisease.

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Figure13.1Geographicvaria2onsintheincidencerateoftreatedESRD(permillionpopula2on/year),bycountry,2014

2016AnnualDataReport,Vol2,ESRD,Ch13

2

DataSource:Specialanalyses,USRDSESRDDatabase.Datapresentedonlyforcountriesfromwhichrelevantinforma>onwasavailable.Allratesareunadjusted.^UnitedKingdom:England,Wales,NorthernIreland(Scotlanddatareportedseparately).DataforItalyinclude6regions.DataforIndonesiarepresenttheWestJavaregion.DataforFranceinclude22regions.DataforSpaininclude18of19regions.DataforCanadaexcludesQuebec.Japanincludesdialysispa>entsonly.Abbrevia>ons:ESRD,end-stagerenaldisease.

Figure13.1Geographicvaria2onsintheincidencerateoftreatedESRD(permillionpopula2on/year),bycountry,2014

2016AnnualDataReport,Vol2,ESRD,Ch13

2

DataSource:Specialanalyses,USRDSESRDDatabase.Datapresentedonlyforcountriesfromwhichrelevantinforma>onwasavailable.Allratesareunadjusted.^UnitedKingdom:England,Wales,NorthernIreland(Scotlanddatareportedseparately).DataforItalyinclude6regions.DataforIndonesiarepresenttheWestJavaregion.DataforFranceinclude22regions.DataforSpaininclude18of19regions.DataforCanadaexcludesQuebec.Japanincludesdialysispa>entsonly.Abbrevia>ons:ESRD,end-stagerenaldisease.

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Figure13.2IncidencerateoftreatedESRD(permillionpopula<on/year),bycountry,2014

2016AnnualDataReport,Vol2,ESRD,Ch13

3

DataSource:Specialanalyses,USRDSESRDDatabase.Datapresentedonlyforcountriesfromwhichrelevantinforma>onwasavailable.Allratesareunadjusted.^UnitedKingdom:England,Wales,NorthernIreland(Scotlanddatareportedseparately).DataforItalyinclude6regions.DataforIndonesiarepresenttheWestJavaregion.DataforFranceinclude22regions.DataforSpaininclude18of19regions.DataforCanadaexcludesQuebec.Japanincludesdialysispa>entsonly.Abbrevia>ons:ESRD,end-stagerenaldisease;sp.,speaking.

Thailand

อันดับ 4 ของโลก

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การให้รหัสโรคCKD

80

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การให้รหัสโรคCKD

81

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การให้รหัสโรคDM

82

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การให้รหัสโรคHT

83

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การให้รหัสโรคHT

84

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CriteriaforCKD

85

Decrease GFR

Markers of kidney damage (one or more)

Present for >3 months

or

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CriteriaforCKD

86

Markers of kidney damage (one or more)

http://www.kdigo.org/clinical_practice_guidelines/pdf/CKD/KDIGO_2012_CKD_GL.pdf

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CriteriaforCKD

87

Decrease GFR

http://www.kdigo.org/clinical_practice_guidelines/pdf/CKD/KDIGO_2012_CKD_GL.pdf

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http://www.kdigo.org/clinical_practice_guidelines/pdf/CKD/KDIGO_2012_CKD_GL.pdf

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แนวทางการเดินของผู้ป่วย

89แบบฟอร์ม คลินิกวันศุกร์ สำหรับให้คำปรึกษา

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RRT no RRT

CKD

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HD PD

RRT

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การนัดผู้ป่วยเข้าสู่ระบบ

92

คลินิก

ให้คำปรึกษา

คลินิก

ให้คำปรึกษา

คลินิก

ให้คำปรึกษา

คลินิก

ให้คำปรึกษา

คลินิก

ให้คำปรึกษา

คลินิก

อายุรกรรม

คลินิก

อายุรกรรม

คลินิก

อายุรกรรม

คลินิก

อายุรกรรม

คลินิก

อายุรกรรม

คลินิก

อายุรกรรม

คลินิก

อายุรกรรม

คลินิก

อายุรกรรม

คลินิก

โรคไต

คลินิก

โรคไต

คลินิก

โรคไต

คลินิก

โรคไต

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PATIENT-CENTER

Journeyofthepatient

93

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Journeyofthepatient

94

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เกณฑ์การให้คะแนนckdclinic

95http://www.nephrothai.org/images/เกณฑการใหคะแนน_CKD_clinic__sk_edit.pdf

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PDTrainingProgram

96

ผ่าตัด

วางสายจำหน่าย

กลับบ้าน

นัด นอน รพ.

เพื่อฝึก 5 วันจำหน่าย

กลับบ้าน

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SERVICE PLAN

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ThankYouforYourAttention

98