Microsoft WindowsOperating systems

Mayur Rawat

OVERVIEW Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational

corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, that develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer electronics and personal computers and services.

Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, Microsoft Office suite, and Internet Explorer web browser.

It is the world's largest software maker measured by revenues. It is also one of the world's most valuable companies.

Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975

HISTORY OF OPERATING SYSTEM

History of operating system is one of years of experimentation.

Operating system was absent in the first commercial form of electronic computer launched in 1940's. At that time programming languages were not in use. Naturally there was hardly any idea about operating system.

The next generation of computers was

introduced in the early phase of 1950's..

It is a set of system software programs in a computer that regulate the ways application software programs use the computer hardware and ways that user control the computer.

The OS provides certain services to programs and to the users of the programs

AN OPERATING SYSTEM

 COMMON FEATURES OF OS

Program Execution

Providing Interfaces

Handling Input / Output Operations

Error Handling

Memory management

Process management

TIMELINE OF WINDOWS

1981MS-DOS

1987Win 2

1993Win NT

1998Win 98

2001Win XP

2009Win 7

2015Win 10

1985Win 1

1990Win 3

1995Win 95

2000Win 2000

2007Win Vista

2012Win 8

2000Win ME

MS-DOS Microsoft Disk Operating System Command-line interface (CLI) MS-DOS is effective, but also proves difficult to

understand for many people. There has to be a better way to build an operating system

August 1981

Microsoft bought an existing

operating system from Seattle

Computer Products (86-DOS), for

$75,000 in 1981.

WINDOWS 1.0 16-bit multi-tasking shell on top of an existing MS-DOS

installation  Limited multi-tasking

20thNovember

1985

The development of Windows began

after Bill Gates saw a

demonstration of VisiCorp's Visi On.

WINDOWS 2.0 9thDecember

1987• Allows application windows to overlap• First version to integrate the control panel

On March 17, 1988, Apple filed a lawsuit

against Microsoft and HP, accusing them of

copying the Macintosh System.

Apple lost.

WINDOWS 3.022ndMay1990

• Protected/Enhanced mode to run Windows applications with reduced memory issues

• Better memory management

Developed based on work by David Weise and Murray Sargent in 1989. 

WINDOWS NT27thJuly

1993 Portability to multiple processor architectures,

as well as higher security and stability Designed from scratch (“Unix killer”)

Bill Gates hired David Cutler from DEC to

design Windows NT.

(WNT = VMS) 

WINDOWS 95 24thAugust1995

• Introduced the taskbar, the 'Start' button, and the way the user navigates

• Moved to multitasked 32-bit architecture

Windows 95 included support for 255-character mixed-case long

filenames. 

WINDOWS 98 25thJune1998

• Improved power management, network management, and USB support

• Added Standby and Hibernate modes

Introduced the Windows Driver Model (WDM) to manage device

drivers.

WINDOWS 200017th

February2000

• Added NTFS (New Technology File System) 3.0, the Microsoft Management Console (MMC), and the Encrypting File System (EFS)

• Also Active Directory

A number of new assistive technologies to support for people with disabilities were

introduced.

WINDOWS ME 14thSeptember

2000• Introduced a System Restore feature,

and improved digital media and networking tools

• Restricted access to real mode MS-DOS

Criticized for speed and stability issues, a

PC World article dubbed Windows ME the "Mistake Edition“(Very short shelf-life)

WINDOWS XP 25thOctober

2001• Improved taskbar and ‘Start’ menu,

better networking features • Newly improved user interface

The first version of Windows to use product activation

in an effort to reduce software

piracy.

WINDOWS VISTA 30thJanuary2007

Introduced Windows Search, Windows Aero, Windows Sidebar, Shadow Copy

Integrated Speech Recognition

Criticisms of Vista

- high system requirements- more restrictive licensing - new digital rights management- lack of compatibility with some pre-Vista hardware and software

Windows 7 22ndOctober

2009• Support for virtual hard disks, better multi-core

processors performance, and kernel• Improved touch and handwriting recognition

Intended to address criticisms faced by

Windows Vista, such as performance improvements

WINDOWS 8 26thOctober

2012• Heavier integration with online services from Microsoft and

others (SkyDrive, Xbox)

• Faster start-up through UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) integration

User interface focused on tablets users, including a touch-optimized shell using the "Metro" design language, and a

new 'Start' screen(No ‘Start button)

WINDOWS 102015

• Return of ‘Start’ button, a virtual desktop system, integration with Windows Phone

• Device dependent interfaceMight incorporate

Microsoft's intelligent personal assistant Cortana

Desktop market share (2014)

Microsoft Research Microsoft Research is huge. More than 1,000 scientists

and engineers — including winners of some of the most prestigious prizes in physics, computer science and mathematics — develop new ideas and try to solve global challenges with the use of technology. Unlike many companies, Microsoft’s research department is not just interested in ways to improve their products now; Microsoft Research works with academics all over the world on real scientific challenges.

If a problem can be approached with technology and computers, there’s a good chance someone in Microsoft Research is working on it. That is pretty awesome

REASON WHY MICRSOFT IS VERY GOOD

Innovative Products

Microsoft continues to create some of the most innovative products around. They have a long history of building things before their time, only for another company to improve on their work at a later date and succeed. If you can stick a smart in front of it, Microsoft has developed it in the past: smartphones, smart TVs, smart watches and tablets have all been preceded by Microsoft products that came too early.

Even when the time seems right, Microsoft has been burned for being too innovative. The Xbox One is a really great game console. Microsoft’s original vision would have made it even better.

Innovative Design Microsoft has pioneered some innovative software designs.

Despite not reaching wide commercial success Windows Phone is a great product. It managed to be beautiful and modern at a time when Apple was still heavily invested in faux-leather and baize. While iOS is back on par with Windows Phone, Android still lags behind with horrendous vendor skins layered on top of an already ugly operating system

Innovation does not necessarily imply success. With new things, Microsoft has always been innovative, but not always successful. Their continued willingness to push despite failing in the past is remarkable .

Universal Software Microsoft Office is a must have if you are serious

about business, or work in a large office. While you can substitute Microsoft’s Office suite for personal use, Microsoft’s business applications continue to dominate for professional purposes.

Not only is Microsoft Office universal, it’s also awesome. For example, Excel is a powerful tool with which you can do a long list of amazing things; it’s even possible to make an RPG.

Backwards Compatibility

Microsoft is a massively innovative and forward thinking company, but they also think backwards. No other software company offers the level of backwards compatibility that Microsoft do.

The Windows team invests a mind-boggling amount of time, hardware, and people into maintaining compatibility.

The fact you can run some of your old PC games on a Windows 8 laptop with no issues, let alone your important legacy business software, is pretty damn awesome.

Bonus: They Listen

Not many tech companies solicit feedback from their customers. Apple, for example, is famously infuriating to communicate with. On the other hand, Microsoft is actively seeking customer feedback.

They’ve learnt from high-profile missteps and they want your help to make better products. A tech company letting you have your say? That’s awesome.

CONCLUSION Microsoft officials believe they can use technology and process

improvements to make innovation happen more rapidly and repeatedly

Microsoft is thinking not just technologically, but also organizationally, about its innovation process these days. The various labs throughout the company are the conduit between Microsoft Research and the PGs (product groups).

Microsoft has done a lot of rethinking and revising in the past couple of years as to how to bring innovations more quickly to market.

In my opinion, since the appointment of new CEO Satya Nadella in 2014, I think Microsoft are sticking their necks out to produce something genuinely new. Meanwhile, Apple seem to be merely improving upon preexisting ideas by that all important 5% or 10% that makes all the difference. The key to their success is perfecting the recipe, not in producing an entirely new dish.

THANK YOU