Copyright © 2020 pubrica. All rights reserved 1

Ethics of Testing and Research of Manufactured Organs

Dr. Nancy Agens, Head,

Technical Operations, Pubrica

sales@pubrica.com

In Brief

Organ transplantation is the most effective in

cost andtreatment for end-stages like renal

failure, and forthe end-stage loss of organs

such as liver, lung and heart, it is the only

available treatment. The approaches of

manufacturing organsare “the production of

product for use or sale using labour,

machines, tools, and chemical and biological

changes.” It is closely related to engineering,

industrial design, and development in

materialproperties.Mainly, our technical

team proudly supports research proposal

writing services in medical research;themain

aim of the research proposal is to afford

convenience ininvestigations to study a

specific topic in depth.

Keywords:

Research proposal writing help, research

proposal writing service, research proposal

help services, best research proposal writing

service, research proposal help, research

proposal service, research proposal writer,

Plagiarism correction

I. INTRODUCTION

Organ manufacturing technology is a sequence

of elegant technique which can be used to

produce human organs based on bionic

principle. From the past last ten years;

outstanding progress has been completed in

the development of numerous organ

manufacturing technologies. Organ

manufacturing technology can be classified

into three groups: 1. Fully mechanized; 2.

Semi mechanized; 3. Hand-worked; each has

its own advantages and disadvantages for

artificial organ manufacturing. One of the best

techniques in artificial organ manufacturing is

to connect both the process like three-

dimensional printing technique andnaturally

assemble personal cells along with another

biomaterial to develop unique organ

replacement for human organ failure and

damaged organs.

II. ETHICS OF TESTING

MANUFACTURING ORGANS

The method needs to be in line with different

protocol to show on Human Right and

biomedicine on organ manufacturing, organ

transplanting and tissues of a human. Then the

council of Europe’s resolution on resolution

and compatibility of regulation of members

states describe to removal, implanting and

transplantation of human’s substance to ensure

that all condition of organ transplantation,

tissue and cell banking and manufacturing

organs confirm to ethical standards. In case of

any interference in the field, then organ, tissue

and cells transplantation should be carried out

followed by applicable professional obligation

and standards. There are so many ethical

research proposals help service available to

reduce your pressure.

III. EXAMPLES OF ETHICAL ISSUES IN

ORGAN MANUFACTURING

1. Technology: Tissue Engineering(tissues)

Goal:The main aim of this tissue engineering

is to separate living cells from a small tissue

sample, multiply them in the research

laboratory and then test them on biomaterials

or biocompatibility structure that control cell

development into working tissues for

implantation.

Risks of harm to humans:

The hype of any material in the body carries

with it some risk that the body will recognize

Copyright © 2020 pubrica. All rights reserved 2

it as a foreign materials invader and engulf it

with macrophages, resulting in inflammation.

After implantation, possible defective tissues,

teratoma, or the dislodgement and migration

of implant materials and cells, are

compounded by the fact that the implantation

may be an irreversible process. Tissue

engineering frequently uses biodegradable

components (e.g. polylactic acid) in the tissue

scaffold. The use of degradable materials in an

implant increases the risk of harm to the

recipient because the degradation produces by-

products which can then move through the

bloodstream. The materials must be designed

to pass through the renal system without

harming the body. Risks associated with

biodegradation by-products include

cytotoxicity, clotting, inefficient excretion

resulting in a build-up of toxins in the body,

and migration of products resulting in the

disruption of another organ.

2. Technology: Bioprinting

Goal:Bioprinting process often involves

extrusion of cells, encapsulated in a synthetic

scaffold medium, through a narrow nozzle,

subjecting them to high shear forces.

Risks of harm to a human:

Although shear Bioprinting forces are

typically minimized to have no impact on cell

survival, transient forces may still activate

mechanotransduction pathways which could

disrupt the normal function of the cells. In

particular, the quickdetails may act to direct

stem cells towards an undesired lineage

3D Bioprinting process often requires a curing

step whereby the printed (liquid) bio-ink is

transformed into a more concrete form. This

curing step usually involves exposure to UV

light and crosslinking initiation chemicals.

Again, though the toxicity of curing is

screened in the short term, the ultimate effects

of such disclosure may include DNA damage

and may not be apparent until after

implantation.

IV. CONCLUSION

From various concerns raised above,

itsevident that the ethical issues in

manufacturing organs are more than just about

our freedom to use any biological item with

any biomaterial ink. Our expert team can do in

both qualitative and quantitative researches

proposal writing which include subject matter

materials like medical research.

REFERENCES

1. Gilbert, F., O’Connell, C. D., Mladenovska, T., &Dodds,

S. (2018). Print me an organ? Ethical and regulatory

issues are emerging from 3D bioprinting in

medicine. Science and engineering ethics, 24(1), 73-91.

2. Murphy, S. V., &Atala, A. (2014). 3D bioprinting of

tissues and organs. Nature Biotechnology, 32(8), 773-

785... Gilbert, F. (2015). Self-estrangement & deep brain

stimulation: Ethical issues related to forced

explantation. Neuroethics, 8(2), 107-114.

3. Atala, A., Bauer, S. B., Soker, S., Yoo, J. J., &Retik, A.

B. (2006). Tissue-engineered autologous bladders for

patients needing cystoplasty. Lancet, 367(9518), 1241–

1246.

4. Cohen, I. G. (2013).The Journal of Law, Medicine &

Ethics, 41(1), 269–285.