LOGISTICS - ΕΚΔΟΣΕΙΣ ΟΡΘΟΔΟΞΩΝ ΝΕΩΝ - ΑΘΗΝΑ 2000

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OP00Ll03IA: TO KAAYTEPA KPYMMENO MYL:TIKO TOY KOL:MOY

A 've:!;ap1"'YJ1"CX an6 1"0 nwc; ot atpe:-rtxo[ xa[ ot a8e:ot Efl<pCXv[souv -ra ye:yov6-ra , a-r6 ~aa[Ae:w -r~<; auf1.ncxv-rtx~c;

1\A~8e:tac;, flt -r6 8ava-ro -rou Xpta-roo, 8ava-rw8'Y]xe: 6 8avcx-1"0<;, onwc; axpt~W<; dxe: npO<p'Y]1"E:U8e:t ana -r[<; npO<p'Y]Te::ie:c; ~<; IT. ~ta8~X'YJ<;.

flp[v apxe:-ra XPOVta, ot «aO<pOl» -rwv 'E~pa[wv EXOUV aAJ-a!;e:t OACX -roue; -ra ~t~A[a' wa-re: va fl~V E:voxonOt'Y]800V nou ax6-rwaav 1"0V 1\ VCXflSVOflSVO Me:aa[cx' va napanACXV~aouv XCXAu-re:pa xa[ VeX npoe:-rOtflcXaOUV -ra nan a , yta 1"0V arxov-ra 1"00 XOaflOU -roue;' 1"0V flta68e:o ota~OAO ' nou av-rtnpoawne:ue:t anjv oua[a 1"0V npcxyf1.CX1"tXO aVCXflSVOflSVO yt' au-roue;. 'Em8Uf1.00V va -re:Ae:twaouv' [lt 1"0V 6AOXA'YJPW1"tXO EAe:yxo ~<; f~<;. 'Em nAtov ol xcx-rape:c; nou xano-re: npoop[sov-rcxv yta -roue; E:x8pouc; -roue;' nou aaxooacxv OCXlflOVOACX-rpda' -rwpa 8a ntaouv navw -roue; xa[ at OAOU<; -roue; aAAOU<; nou otaAtyouv va -rono8e:n]aouv -roue; ECXU-rouc; -roue; navw a no 1"0V 0e:6' ma-re:uov-rac; a-r[c; otxtc; -roue; 1"U<pAW[ltve:c; xapott<; xa[ otavote:<; xa[ a-r6v LCX1"CXVCX.

To f1.ta6 -roo O'YJflO<ptAooc; Koaf1.txoo Xpw-rtavtaf1.ou xa£ 6 atwvac; au-roo' ouatcxa-rtxa at npax-rtx6 E:n[ne:oo' sxe:t ano-1"E:Ae:tw8e:t ana -r6v OXAO -rou foAyo8cx , aav f1.ta8anoooa[cx a-r6 IJ>tfl.CX -roue;. Ka[ CXU1"0 dvat -rpcxytx6. m xu~e:pv~-re:c; nou E:Atyxouv -r6v x6af1.o -rptcpouv n]v E:An[oa, nwc; flt -r6v 8ava-ro -roo «OXAOXpta-rtavtaflOU», 8a aapwaouv xa[ n]v xou<p-ra 1"WV Xpta-rtavwv «-r~c; XCX1"CXXOfl~'Y]<; »' flCXSl [lt -roue; aAAOU<;

18

unoxpt-rtc; IJ>e:uooxp w-: ~a JOu :; 'E8vwv ' yta va Aa-rpt~J>ou I -:6

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atwva' EVW ~ptax6-rav xa -:w a otxouf1.e:vtxwv Luv6owv. T o-:e: -roo foAyo8cx cmocpaaws vex e: v-rwa'YJs -roo ~u-rtxou Buscx,-:-r.o <pOVtX~ auve:pyaa[a nou 0 IOflCX~

m atpe:-rtxtc; npoana8e: te:; .. V'YJ -roo ~u-rtxoo x6af1.ou. ;:s-: J

aXCXO'YJflCX.tXcX , otxOVOfl tXa . flS -flOU<;.

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. 'J:. at OAOUS -rous af..Aous -= JJ :; tau-roue; -roue; Tiavw ~; -:ous -rucpAwfJ.Itvc:s xap-

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~; - uast fJ.E -rous CXAAOUS

tmoxpvrts tjJwooxpw·navous , !J.Eaa a-r~v 'ExxAYJata -rwv 'E0vwv , yta va f..a-rpttjJouv -rov 'A v-rtxpta-ro.

'H at>-rO!J.E0YJ -rwv au-roaxtotwv «Xpw-rtavwv» Tiis c:uxoAYJS aw-rYjpta<; , dvat -rpO!J.aX-rtx~. 'H Yota ~ 'Ia-ropta fJ.CXS odxve:t -rt<; 7tpax-rtXES 7tOU CxXOAou0ouv ot Yotat 7tav-ra apVYj'rES -rou 8e:ou. fta 7tapaoc:ty!J.a, 6 Xpw-rtaVWfJ.OS av0wc: a-ra Bpc:navtxa VYJata a1t6 -rov 1o E:ws -rov 3o atwva· xai fJ.EXPt ~v ETIOX~ 1tou 6 Kwva-rav-ri:vos , E:f..a~c: aTio -rov Tia-rtpa -rou Kwva-rav-rta aav owpo , -r~v otaxu~tpvYJ~ -roue; , tm~pxc: ~oYJ EXXAYjata xat auvtxtse: va Lmapxe:t fJ.EXPt -ro 'rEADS -rou 9ou atwva, EVW ~pwxo-rav xa-rw Cx7t0 -rt<; C:UAOytc:<; -rwv 'A ytwv 7 otxOUfJ.C:VtXWV ~uvoowv. To-re: axpt~WS ~-rav , 7tOU 6 OXAOS -rou rof..yoea Cx1tocpaawc: va etac:t at tcpapfJ.on axtow t1;6-VLWaYj<; -rou ~u-rtxou Busav-riou , OYJfJ.taupywv-ras ~v oof..ocpovtx~ auvc:pyaata Tiou ovo!J.as6-rav 1Iama[.t6<;.

Ot atpc:-rtxts 7tpoamx0c:tc:<; v' af..Aa!;ouv ~v Xpta-rtavoauVYJ -rou ~u-rtxou xoafJ.ou , Tit-ruxav fJ.E Tiotxtf..e:s !J.c:06oous: CxXaOYj!J.a·cxa , OtXOVOfJ.tXa , !J.E 7tpooo-re:<; , otw!;e:t<; xat 7tOAEfJ.OU<;.

'Apyo-rc:pa XPYJatfJ.07tot~0YJxav ot IIpo-rw-rav-rc:s, ot 61toi:m a~v 7tpoaTia0c:ta va !;c:cpuyouv tmo0c:-rtxa a1t6 -ro Ilamxo ~a-ravtxo maat!J.O a-roue; EVa'TtOfJ.dvav-rc:s Busav-rtvous Tiis ~uae:ws , avas~-rYJaav ~v tf..w0c:pta. "Of..a au-ra OfJ.WS , a~v 7tpay!J.a-rtx6-rYj-ra ~-rav !J.ta cpav-raa-rtx~ otaotxaata , !J.E axo-1tO va tmo~OYj0~aouv ~v 7tpOa7ta0c:ta t!;acpavWYjS xa0c: '0p-06oo!;ou Yxvous , auvootxa , 7tVC:U!J.a-rtxa xat UAtXa. 'H U7tO'rt-0tfJ.C:VYj avayxatO'rYj'ra U7tapsYJS -rwv IIpo-rw-rav-rwv fJ.OVO yta -roue; 'rU'TtOU<; , ~C:~atWVC:t ~v sw~ xat ~v OUVa!J.Yj -rou IIama!J.OU, at fJ.trX auvc:x~ av-rta-ra0!J.W'rtX~ XrXAUtjJYj , xa0ws 6 IIa-7tWfJ.OS ea dxc: au-roxa-raa-rpacpd av OEV U7t~pxe: 6 IIpo-rc:a-rav-rW!J.O<; .

Au-ro axpt~WS -ro axtow ~-rav , 7tOU ouoc:-rc:po7tOtYjaC: -roue; au0c:v-rtxou<; df..txptvd<; ma-rou<; , at aYj!J.C:tO 7tOU 7tpax-rtxa va !J.~ otacptpouv xat 7t0AU Cx7t0 -roue; 7tpOa7tOWU!J.EVOUS ao-

19

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a-:aaYJ -rou XpLa-rou spov-rm n:pw-rapxLxa

a-ro va !;avaaxYJ!la"ttaouv (mo ~v apx~ "tOV Xpw-rLaVLa[lO. !::.tv X()ELaSE"t<X.L va avapW"tLEaaL "tEALXa, acpou au-rot

axpL~wc; dvm ol W()L[lOL n:Atov xapn:o( , atwvwv [lUa"tLXWV auvo[lwmwv , [lLiXc; xa( ~ Maaovia dvm ~ !l~-rpa -rou otxouflEVLaflOU. 01 n:poan:a8e:Le:c; xa( 6 XPYJ!la"tLO[lOc; Cx1t0 [lEpLac; ' E~paiwv , sxouv ma xopucpw8e:i:. Kat dvm ~ av8pwmvYJ aouva!lia yLa -r~v a [lap-ria , n:ou un:o~oYJea ·~v vixYJ -rwv txepwv.

'H cp8ivouaa auva8pOWYJ, "tWV E:x•oc; -rou n:e:pL~OAOU -rwv Xpw"tL<X.VLXWV 6[laOWV, -rwpa ea [l1tOptae:L va xaAucpee:i: niaw Cx1t0 ~V 0txOU[lEVLX~ 'EvO"tYJ"ta, xavov.ac; "'COV CxpL8[lO "tWV ma"'CWV va E[lcpavisnm [lEyaAU"te:poc; xa( ye:[liX-roc; ayan:YJ. 3e:cpop-rwvov•aL •wpa -ra n:poYJyoufle:va 06y11a•a , at !lta n:poan:aee:m va xaMl(Jouv -ric; [laupe:c; OOAOcpOVLxtc; la-ropLxtc; !l V~[le:c; , at Evav au-roaxe:oLaa[lO «Au-roeuaiac;» xa( ~uvw[lO"tLX~c; «1\yan:YJc;». ~~V n:pay[la"tLXO"tYJ"ta OEV n:pOXSL"t<XL yLa ayan:YJ , ana yLa n:pooo-rLx~ xivYJaYJ o-ra Yo La -ra l/Je:u-rLxa oLxa •ouc; «ma-re: ow» .

To axtow dvm 6Aocpave:po. 'Yn:oxpwia, aL[lOa"ta~c; n:oAE[lOc; "tWV XpLa"tLavwv -r~c; l:::.ua'Y)c; xa( ot aoe:Le:c; SXXAYjaie:c;, Cx7tOOELXVUOUV O"tL ot xan:o-re: ~ap~apOL Aao( -r~c; Eupwn:Y)c;, dvm Xpw-rLavo(, xwpic; va dvm a~v n:pay[la"tLXO"tY)"ta 1\AYj-8LVOt Xpw-rmvot. ~~v "tEALX~ •ouc; avaAUaY) , l/Jaxvouv va xaMl(Jouv oAa •ouc; -ra l(Je:uoYJ xai -ric; auvw11oaie:c; flE -rov [lavoua ~c; 1\ yan:Y)c; , OTI:OU XLALaoe:c; , CxXO[la xa( EXa"tO[l[lUpL<X. op8o06!;wv Aawv , n:ape:xxAivouv [li:.aa a~v 8aAaaaa ~c; 1tELa[la"'CLX~c; ayvoLac; , OTI:OU 6 xan:e:-ravwc; ~c; XOAaaT)c; xaVEL "tO -ra/;tOL -roue; oao mo tXVS"tO ytVE"taL.

21

AfPAMMATOI XPI~TIANOI ...

"" ~v np6c; 'EppaCouc; €:ma-roA~ -rou IIauAou , a-r6 xe:cpaAatO L..J 10 ' a-r. 12 xat 14 ' ypacpe:t «au-roc; at {ltav U7tEp U(lap-rtwv npoae:vtyxac; euaCav de; -r6 Ot"YjVEXES E:xaewe:v E:v oe:!;t~ 'tOU 0e:ou· Mta yap npoacpop~ 'te:LEAELWXEV de; -r6 Ot"YjVEXES -roue; aytasof1tvouc;» oYJAao~ o-rt 6 Kupt6c; !lac; 'IYJaouc; Xpta-r6c; , acpou npoatcpe:pe: {lta cpopa eua[a U7tEp 'tWV U(lap-rtwv ' xaee:-rat auve:xwc; o-ra oe:!;ta 'tOU 0e:ou' odxvov-rac; O't~V Apxtx~ 'EAAYJVtX~ EVVOta ' O'tt EAape: ~v 7tpOYJYOUf1EVYJ eta1] -rou. at Ilpo-re:a-rav-re:c; , af.Aasov-rac; a-rCc; flEcacppaae:tc; -roue; ~v apxtX~ AES"Yj «de; -r6 OtYJVEXEc; » (auve:xwc;) ' EPaAaV a~v etaYJ -rou ~v AESYJ «Ota 7tav-r6c;» , xa( -rau-r6xpova otoa!;av o-ra IIave:-7tta~{lta -roue; xaC a-rCc; 0e:oAoytxtc; ~xoAtc; nou Ecp-rtaxvav IIaa-rope:c;, o-rt 6 Xpw-r6c; npoacptpov-rac; ana!; ota nav-r6c; ~v ~-rauptx~ euata yta -rtc; U(lap-rte:c; ' OEV U7tapxe:t A6yoc; yta xa{lta {le:-rtne:na npasYJ -re:Ae:-roupytx~ , n6ao (liXAt.ov yta ~v avat{laX't"Yj eua[a 7tOU 'tEAEt'tat a~v 'Op86oosYJ Aa-rpda , xa-ra ~v otapxe:ta 'rijc; AEt-roupyCac;. "E-rat EXfl"YjOEVtsouv 2.000 xp6vwv npa!;e:tc; 'rijc; 'Op86oosYJc; AEt-roupytx~c; euaCac; ' flYJOEvtsov-rac; -rau-r6xpova -r6 "A yto IIo~ptO ' Atyov-rac; nwc; OEV U1taPXEL -rt-rota avayx"Yj. 'Iaxuptsov-rat nwc; 6 Xpta-r6c; E:xe:t -re:AEtWOEt ~v OOUAEta Tou ' flE ~v Mta xat MOVYJ eua[a xa[ flEaa a~v ~a-ravtx~ -roue; 'tU(j)AWO"Yj osv PAtnouv nwc; 6 Xpta-r6c; , {lac; unsoe:t!;e: {lta «7tpax-rtx~ », xat oxt anAa {lta npaS"Yl ~ 6noCa Eytve: xaC -re:Adwae: {lta yta nav-ra.

'H auvtxe:ta E:mxupwve:t , o-rt au~ ~ apxtx~ 8uaCa ~-rav ~ npw-rYJ rm6 noAAtc; xat xa8te:pwve:t -r6 owpo -rou Xpta-rou , -r6

22

flUO'tYJptaXO «{laVVa», 7/jv -:porn; xa( E:vouva{lWOYJ cX7tO -r6 :-\ yw n, Alwvw Zw~. uatxa flE ~v A.::~ ~v e:uxmpCa -roue; yta ow . p{a oupyCa vtwv atptae:wv xa€ !-l~:w xvuov-rac; flE ~v au-rootxatw• s -roue; ESW an6 ~v EXXAYJOta za~ ~v Anoa-roAtX~ ypafl!l~. -= ~; i ~ ~

-ra flUO't~pta ' acpou OEV a~a a OUflflE'tOxfl 0 au-ra , 8e:wpwv-:a; ;: ee:pot ' an6 -ra 06y{la'ta 7tOU ~opu ~pYJae: ~ 'Op86oosYJ IIapaooU!i.

T~v npasYJ au~ ma-ro ;:o~o

VO XO{l{la'tta 7t0U lmo8e:-: tza a· -roue; a-r~v €:Ae:u8e:pCa . MCa ~A.::v av-rWe:aYJ flE -r~v E:ntOYJflYJ :-\;:o . x~ -rou :AyCou IIve:u{la-roc; xa~ ~;' nou Exouv lopu8e:i: an6 •6~~ ·~o~o

xa( dvat OUf11tA1JPWf1EVE:; a;:o 6noCa oCve:t ota{lsaou -rou ~-\ywu OYJ -rou 0e:"Cxou ~xe:oCou yta -:---; flEOa cX7tO {lta flUO-raywytzi ;: an6 ~v 'tot a ~v :A yCa r pacpi, Z(I

OYJ xa( ppCaxe:-rat a-r6 OW{la T ou 8tv~ 'ExXAYJOta. ~~v eta1] -rwv AEt-roupy~zw

Ol flUO'ttXOL OUVWflOce:c; , ;:poe;-: ~v fpacp~ flE -r6v otx6 • ou; -: ~a-ravtx~ au-roe:!;anacYJOYJ . . I..-; ~ xtc; ta-roptxtc; pCse:c; , cpop• wf.L E: ,o. Ef17tEtptac; 'rijc; namx~c; u;:oxp~d

Adwc; ~v 'Op8ooo!;Ca). flEXV -:o {lEt ve: 'tt 7tO'tE aAAO va xavOU'; a . ~ -rpayouoouv cmAtc; «7tato(zs; •

auAou , a-ro xe:cpaAato ; ~~ fl£av untp Cxf.Laf>'ttWV

'"; b:a8tae:v EV oe:l;t~ 'tOU ~ ~ ~:; -ro otlJve:xlfs -roue; ; ~a:; 'llJaouc; Xpw-roc; ,

-~p -:wv Cxf.Laf>'tLWV , xa8e:~~::: JOv-rac; a-r~v 'Apxtx~ '<'OU f.LE:V'Yj 8ta'Yj 'tOU. 0L J{>aae:tc; -roue; ~v apxt-

- ; . ~3aAav a~v 8ta'Yj -rou - _ .a oU5al;av o-ra IIave:-

'" ; ::zoMc; nou E:cp-rtaxvav ,-:a c; &nas OLa nav-roc;

- ~ ; otv unapxe:t A6yoc; yta ~. 1.000 f.LiXAAov yta ~v 'Op8ooosYJ Aa-rpda , xa-:m Exf.LYJoe:visouv 2.000

-,.. .-: upytx~c; 8uaiac; , f.LYJOe:-- -:-'"0~0. Atyov-rac; nwc; otv

- -. -:w::; 6 Xpta-roc; E:xe:t -re:-·~a£ ~10VYJ euaia xai f.Lt-~ ~Atnouv nwc; 6 Xpt

za[ OXL anAa f.Lia npa.a -::av-ra.

:-'" ~ apXLX~ 8uaia ~-rav ~ ~- -:6 owpo -rou Xpta-rou , -co

f.LUa-rYJptaxo « f.Lavva », ~v -rpocp~ ~c; t!Jux~c;, yta auyxwpe:aYJ xai EVOUVaf.LWOYJ ano 'tO J\yw IIve:uf.La , ~v LW'tYJpia xai ~v Atwvw Zw~. umxa f.Lt ~v MsYJ «aAA.an» , sXf.LYJoe:visouv ~v e:uxatpia -roue; yta aw-rYJpia xai nupooo-rouv -r~v OYJf.LLoupyia vtwv atptae:wv xai f.Le:yaM-re:pYJc; auyxuaYJc; ' anooe:Lxvuov-rac; f.Lt ~v au-rootxatwf.LtVYJ anoa-raaia -roue; , ~ 8taYJ -roue; E:l;w ano ~v EXXAYJaia xai we; EX 'tOU'tOU antxouv ano ~v 'Anoa-roAtx~ ypaf.Lf.L~ , -ric; Ae:t-roupyie:c; , ~v te:poauvYJ xai -ra f.LUO't~f>LIJ. ' acpou otv ataeavov-rat Xaf.Lf.Lia avayXYJ yta OUf.Lf.LE:'tO~ a au-ra , 8e:wpwv-rac; nwc; ocpdAouv va dvat sAe:u-8e:pot ' a no -ra ooyf.La'ta nou 'topuae: 'tO "Ayw II VE:Uf.La xai ota~pYJae: ~ 'Op8ooosYJ IIapaooaYJ.

T~v npasYJ au~ ma-ronOLOUV ' -rovisov-rac; ano 'tO Xdf.Le:vo XOf.Lf.La'tLIJ. nou uno8e:-rtxa anooe:txvuouv 'tO OLXaiwf.La -roue; O't~V sAe:u8e:pia. Mia sAe:u8e:pia Of.LWS ' nou E:pxe:-rat at av-rtee:aYJ f.Lt 't~V sniOYJf.LYJ 'Anoa-roALX~ ypaf.Lf.L~ ' ~v npax-rtx~ -rou 'A yiou II ve:uf.La-roc; xai -ric; te:ptc; napaooae:tc; , E:vvme:c; nou E:xouv topu8e:i: ano -rov 'tow 0e:o a~v IIaAata ~ta8~XYJ ,

xa( dvat OUf.LnAYJf>Wf.Ltve:c; ano 't~V eua(a 'tOU Xpw-rou ' ~ 6noia oive:t otaf.Ltaou -rou 'Ay[ou IIve:uf.La-roc;, ~v 6AoxA~pwOYJ 'tOU ee:·cxou :Exe:oiou yta 't~V otaotxaaia ~c; LW'tYJptac; , f.Ltaa a no f.Lla f.LUO-raywytx~ npaX'tLX~ ' nou EXE:L 'tOVta-re:i: ana ~v 'tota ~v 'Ay(a fpacp~ xai ~v 'Anoa-roALX~ IIapaooOYJ xa£ ~p(axe:-rat a-ro awf.La Tau Xpta-rou , ~v Mia xa£ 'AAYJ-8tv~ 'ExxAYJOta.

:E~v 8taYJ -rwv Ae:noupytxwv Te:Ae:-roupytxwv , av-rtee:-ra , Ot f.LUO'tLXOL OUVWf.LO'te:c; , npoana8ouv Va Xf>YJOLf.LOnOL~OOUV ~v fpacp~ f.Lt -rov otxo -roue; -rpono , f.Lt f.Lta 6A.oxAYJpw-rtxa :Ea-ravtx~ au-roe:l;ana'tYJOYJ. M~ E:xov-rac; xa8oAou npayf.La'tLxtc; ta-roptxtc; p£se:c; , cpop-rwf.Ltvot f.Lt 500 xpovw aYJotaa-rtx~c; Ef.Lne:tptac; ~c; namx~c; unoxptatac; , (E:xov-rac; sl;aA.dljJe:L -re:Adwc; ~v 'Op8oool;ia) ' f.Ltxpt 'tOV 15o atwva otv -roue; antf.LE:LVE: -rino-re: aAAo va xavouv a-ric; auval;e:tc; -roue; , ano 'tO va -rpayouoouv a nAte; «natotxtc;» npoae:uxtc; , va napaxoAou-

23

8ouv fJ.a8~fJ.cna xa£ XYJpoyfJ.a·m, onou ol ITaa•optc; •ouc; 8a f.1.7tOpouv va EPfJ.YJVEoaouv "t~V rpwp~ EAEo8e:pa' fJ.E 01tOWV "tp07t0 atno£ E7tt8Uf.l.OUV ..

Mta cmo "ttc; 7tAEOV ~amxtc; OLoaaxaAte:c; "tO US' ooyfJ.a"tOnotd O"t"L ~ 1\y£a Kmvwv£a dvaL (mAa tJ>wfJ.t xa£ xpaa£ xa£ y£VE"tat f.l.OVO 7tpoc; eX VeX f.!. VYjaYJ ...... xa£ EV aUV"t"OfJ.ta, EPXOV"tat at cXV"t£8EOYj f.l.E "tcX Eoaqna tijc; rpwp~c;' "tcX (mota cX7tOOELXVOOUV "tO an£8no. M' at'no "t"OV •pono ~yasouv "tov Xpw"to, E:vav ll7tOXpL~ oaaxaAO' ('Iwavv'Y)c; 6 :55) .. Ol fJ.Ua"t"YjpLaxtc; AESELS •au Xpw•ou dvaL 61-ocpave:pe:c;, Of.l.WS ol ITpo•w•av•e:c; e:uxoAa •£c; npoane:pvouv, ananwv•ac; dpwvtxa a•ooc; 'Op-8ooo!;ouc; , nwc; 8umasouv aUVEXWS aav atfJ.OOLtj>Ei:c; aypWL.

Nat, ol anoa"t(XLES ITpo•w•ane:c; XPELaa"tYJXav "t~V AESYJ aAAan, aav xaAUtj>Yj yta "tO axtoto "t"Ouc; va npocpuAa!;ouv "tooc; "tU(j)AWfJ.EVOUS cmaoooc;' cX7tO 07tOLa0~7tO"tE m8av~ E1tta"tpocp~ a"t"OV I1a7tLOfJ.O' aAAa xuptwc; a~v 'Op8ooo!;£a ..

b~V npayfJ.a"tLXO"t"Yj"ta '"tO axsoLO "touc; E7tEX"tELVO"taV a"t"OV acp~aouv "ttc; fJ.EAAOV"tLXES YEVLES cXfJ.Op(j)W"tES' xwp£c; cXAYj8Lva ta"t"OpLxa ~L~Ata, ave:ydpOV"tac; cXV"tt yta vaooc; , avapXLXES axoALxsc; "tcXSELS .. CUEva aUa"t"YjfJ.a 7t00 XPYJOLf.1.07tOL~8YJXE e:uptwc; cX7tO "t"OV bLWVWfJ.O' f.l.E axono "t"OV OLafJ.EAWfJ.O "t"WV XpLO"t"LaVWV 7t00 ayvoouaav "t"OV Xpw"t"LaVLafJ.O).

Au"to Cj)UOLXa' OLafJ.Op(j)WVEL "t"OV ~aaLXO 7tUp~va "t"WV a8E·ca•wv, ot onoi:oL ota"tYJpouv cXYJoLaa"t"Lxa ~v tmoxpw£a xa£ •ooc; le:pooc; noAsfJ.ouc;. To 'tow aumYJfJ.a •e:l-e:wnot~8YJXE xa£ d~x8e:L a~ Pwa£a cX1tO "t"OV OXAO "t"OU foAyo8iX , acpou Cj)UOLxa XPYJOLf.1.07tOL~8Yjxav "tcX cX7taLLOOfJ.EVa XP~fJ.a"ta. KaAALEpywv"tac; avavopo Cj)O~O, 7tOUAYjaav ~V toea "t"OU XOfJ.fJ.OUVLafJ.OU , fJ.ta tota t;tvYJ yta ~ Pwa£a, Ev •oo•mc; •o 18% tijc; Pwmx~c; Ku~tpvYjaY)c; f.1.7tAEX"tYJXE a"ta ypavasLa ·~c; aAAa~c; ' O:vw •a •pta "t"E"tap•a •ou Pwmxou Kotvo~ouA£ou , ~•av Kpu-7t"toe:~pai:oL xa£ fJ.L008EOL bLWVW"t"Ec;.

To axtow va EAsy!;ouv "t"Ooc; XpLO"t"Lavooc; 7tE"tUXE' fJ.E "tO mawyupwfJ.a "t"WV ALYO"t"Epo fJ.Op(j)WfJ.EVWV' a"t~V ott)> a yLa

24

aifJ.a xa£ ol xoxxLve:c; ar;!J.a~s E8VYJ, 7tLESOV"tac; ta"t"Optxa y~a ~ mwv xa£ EX"tpon~ "t"OU n~r;8u avayxYj yta atpEOYJ dvat atr:aaUVEAa~aV "tcX aa"taVLXa fJ.UaA • xuaYJ xa£ OLcX07taaYj ' va cc: oo te:pouc; noAtfJ.ouc; xa£ •ic; v st... mLavwfJ.oc; dvm E:va t)>sf.La ;_ avayxYj yta 5.1-Ae:c; ' 7tt0 e:ur.oi z-: "taVLXES 8pYjaXEi:e:c; , Ot07:0Is; t:.

ol YowL xai-AttpyYjaav - 1: a-:-m "O"tav ol Xpta"ttavo£ ~tq:

1wxo~ xa£ otv 7tpo!3AYJfJ.a-:[; "ta Xptcr"tov f.l.Opcpwae:w~ xa~ • e:he: "tWv 1ta6wv "touc; e:he: -rr.; "tW6UVOfJ.EVYJ~ ayvotiXc; "tOU;. I "ttxa, "tO"te: ol fJ.taec; fJ.cXXe:~ d, To"te: ~ t!Jux~ fJ.Eve:t &at"tYJ a;: paA.ue:t xa£ ve:xpwve:"tm, 1te:p ~.

axoA.ou6~cre:t <J"tOV Cj)UatXO 6a ·o 'IYJcrouc; Xptcr"toc; otv !l'

'0 "lowe; ~"taV ~ Ex7tA~pW<JY 61-oxA~pwaYJ ol-wv "t"WV i s ~-:o

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xa£ tmaxo~ , a•~v atwvw ~w.,...

::ao~opts -rous 8a ::- '"" .).h:pa , [.J.E 01tOWV

~ ........ -""::.; -:ous , ooy(J.a-ro{ zai xpao( xa( y£-

70tJ.(a , epxov-ra:t OS -:o~a Cx1tOOE:tXVUOUV

"70') Xpta-r6 ' EV<XV uo7YJpwxts M!;e:ts

- .; o~ IIpo-re:o-rav-re:s :: ::i{>wvtxa o-rous 'Op

! ..... oott!Je:i:s ayptoto :: .aO~YJX<XV ~v Atl;YJ .; ~a TpocpuA.a!;ouv

- 'U)~;:o-re: m8av~ tm'Op8ooo1;£a 0

.; ~;:::x-re:tv6-rav o-r6v ~ -::::; 0 xwp£s aA.YJ8t va

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- oY.O ;:up~va -rwv a8e:-:Y.~ -:rjv U7toxpto(a xa(

- -~ -:::Ae:to1tOt~8YjXE xa( - 'J i yo8iX , acpou q>uot-

·,~O~[.J.a-ra 0 KaAA.te:p:o::a 'tOU XO[.J.[.J.OUVt-:o~c_; -r6 18% Tiis Pw. a to: -r~s aA.A.ans ,

.vo~ouA.(ou , ~-rav Kpu-

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a:I[.J.a: xa:[ oi x6xxtVe:s OYJ[.J.ai:e:s 7taptoupav -ra 'Op86oo!;a e8VYj , mt1;;ov-ras to-roptxa yta eA.e:yxo -rwv 7tOAmxwv tooppomwv xa:[ ex-rpo7t~ -rou 7tAYj8UO[.J.OU , 07tOU txe:i:vot ~8e:A.avo 'H avayxYj yta atpe:oYJ dva:t a:tha7t6oe:tx-rYJ: dva:t -r6 oxtow 1tou ouvtA.a:~a:v -ra oa-ravtxa [.J.Ua:Aa -rous , yta va tmcptpouv ouyXUOYj xa:[ OttX01t<XOYj , va Cx7tood!;ouv [.J.E -ra OXLO[.J.<X't<X ' -rous te:pous 1t0AE[.J.OUS xed -rCs lj>e:u-roe:vwoe:ts X oAo1t 0, 1tWS 6 XptO'tta:VtO[.J.OS dva:t eva lj>E[.J.<X xwp£s EA1tLO<X xa( 1tWS t'mapxe:t avayxYj yta aAA.e:s , m6 d)xoA.e:s dpYjVtXES q:>tAOOO(j)LES xa( oa-ravtXES 8pYJoxe:i:e:s, oi 61toi:e:s 8a Moouv -ra 7tpo~A~[.J.a-ra 1tou oi Yowt xaAA.ttpyYJoav - I:a-ravto[.J.OS (..I.E (laaxa:o

"0-rav oi Xpta-rtavo£ 1ticp-rouv ai A.~6apyo xa£ ai avu-7taxo~ xa( oiv 1tpO~AlJ(J.<X'tt~OV't<Xt yta 't~V eAAWjJlJ 't~S X<X-ra Xpta-rov (J.Opq>waEws xa£ Ex7tatowa~s -rous, i~ at-r£as e:hE -rwv 1ta6wv -rous d-rE -r~s 7tpoypa(J.(J.<X-rta(J.ivlJs xa£ xa-rw6uvo(J.EV'YJS ayvotiXs -rous, O't<XV i6EAO'tU(j>AOUV 1tEtO"(J.<X'ttXa, -ro-re: oi (J.tais (J.cXXES dvat xa(J.iVES 7tptv ~Extv~aouvo To-rE ~ t!Jux~ (J.iVEt CXO"l't'YJ Cx1t0 'tOV ap-ro 't~S ~w~s xa( 1t<XpaAUEl xa( VEXpWVE'ta:t, 1tEpt(J.iVOV't<XS xa( 'tO O"W(J.<X va ~V axoA.ou6~ae:t a-rov q>UatXO 6ava-roo

'0 'llJO"OUS Xpta-ros oiv (J.LA'YJO"E 1tOU6Eva yt<X aA.A.ayiso '0 "lows ~ -mv ~ tx7tA.~pwolJ oA.wv -rwv 7tpOq:>YJ-re:twv xa£ ~ 6A.oxA.~pwoYJ oA.wv -rwv A.e:t-roupytxwv 7tpax-rtxwv -r~s IIaA.miXs ~ta:8~xYJs 0 1:-r~v 'Op8ooo!;Ca ~p(oxou[.J.e: -r~v c;;wv-rav~ ouvsxe:ta X<XL -r~v 6A.oxA.~pWOYj -rwv EXXAYjOta:O'ttXWV 7tpaX'ttXWV Tiis IIe:v-ra-re:uxou 0 I:~v 'Op86oo!;YJ txxA.YJoCa , 8umac;;e:-ra:t oav Cx[.J.VOS 6 Yows 6 Xpta-r6s , -re:AE:W1tOtwv-ras ~v 7tpO'tU1tWOYj -rwv 1;;wtxwv 8umwv -rou 1tape:A.86v-ros , tmcptpov-ras [.J.' au-r6v -r6v -rp07t0 ~v -re:AE:W1tOLYjOYj -rou 1\oa[.J. 0 Mia: 6A.oXA~pWOYj xa( (J.L<X -re:AE:W1tOLYjOYj [.J.E <XU't<X1tOOe:tx-re:s 1tpa!;e:ts xa:C t'maxo~ , a~v atwvw c;;w~ 0

25

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QOJ, U.cbriQN ~ 'X>JD!.. _ ox:ogriQo 91. ~gx:>y!.t

S~ S~cb 9w J:x:>% x:>·.

H APXAIA L:YNOMOL:IA

II pay{.lO:"tt , ~ XO:AALEPYYJf.lEVYJ a no ~v 1tOVYJpta 'TOU EX1t'TW'TOU ayy€/..ou av8pwmVYJ cpa:na:ata: , f.lCxS 7tpoacp€pe:t

ljJe:uoocptAoaocptxo toe:a:Ata{.lO , 1tOU f.lO:st f.lE -rov av"ttopa:a'TtXO UAWf.lO , OOY)ye:i: ·~v av8pw7tO'tYJ'TO: 1tpos ·~v apvYJaYJ 'TOU E>e:ou . Etva:t 'TO"te: axpt~WS , nou 'TO ljJe:uooe:vota:cp€pov axe:•txa f.lE 'TO 'tt dva:t 6 av8pwnoc; ' OYJf.ltOUpyYJaE ljJe:U"ttXES U1tOee:ae:tt; at axtaYJ {.lt 'TOV E>e:o , {.lEa a: OLO av8pwm vo f.lUO:AO. B/..Enona:t; 'TOV 0e:6 {.lt 'Ta otxa 'TOUt; appwa'Ta: xa:t cXf.lO:p"twAa f.La•w , xa:•a:/..~youv ~e:~a:Cws at J..a:v8a:af.1.tva: aufJ.ne:paaf.La:•a: xa:C E:8e:J..o8pYJaxouv navw a•o np6awno Tou 'Evos :Af..YJ8tvou E>e:ou ~s AyCa:s Tptaoos .

fta Myous o~ee:v E:J..e:u8e:pta:t; , XO:'Ta:axe:uasouv 'TOV OLXO 'TOUt; ee:o ~ ljJaxvouv yta xa7tOta: fJ.Ua"tYJpta:x~ apxa:Ca: ~ VEO: 8e:O'!YJ'TO: ~ na:pta-ravouv 'Touc; a8e:out; , (auvopOf.lO va:voupta{.la:"tot;). 'H Te:f..tx~ Te:xvoljJuxwaYJ xa:C fJ.ta:p~ auvwf.LoaCa: ~c; E:vwfJ.tvYJc; xa:C ~nYJfJ.EVYJS ljJe:uoo8pYJaxda:s (otxouf.1.e:vta{.l6c;) , f.lWOupa:ve:i: ae: 1tA~PYJ aU{.l(j)WVLO: ' ava:yxa:afJ.EVYJ va 1tO:AEljJe:t Xaf.1.1tOao ... ljlaxvona:t; va ~pe:i: 'TO:U'TO'TYJ'TO: xa:t a:hta:.

Mtaa: a-rCs na:pa:navw anoxa:MljJe:tt; , of..at a:tnot ~p~xa:v 'TOV «EVa: aAYJ8tv6 8e:6 -rout; ; ; ;» xa:t "twpa: f.1.1tOpouv E:m-r€/..out; va axe:naaouv ~v f.lO:UPYJ a{.lE'TO:VOYJ'TYJ ta•opta: 'TOUt; - OYJA0:-0~ 1tpoooaCa: , U1t0Xptata: ' xa:C a•uxCa: - {.lEa a: a'!O a8pota{.lO: ~c; ~Aa:xwoout; Evwae:wt; XO:t ve:oe:cpe:upELYJS aUVW{.lOata:t; ~S « AyanYJc;» .

m EX1t'TW'!Ot ayye:Aot ' oCOa:!;a:v xa:Aa OAO: '!a xpacYJ yta a:twve:s , EXf.lE'TO:AAEUOf.lEVOt 'ttt; av8pwmve:s E:aw-re:ptXES ava-

30

yxe:t; , XO:t 1tpoana8Yjaa:v va a• .c e:s ·rou E>e:ou ' otoa axov-:a:::; u.-:01 -rov•a:s dpwvtxa xpta'TtO:'J~Y.o ~o! xa XO:"ttf..YJSO:V a"t~V a:tpwr. -: 1

ayye:Aot ' XO:'TE~O:AAO:V e:lh:oi.o: -: J..e:noupywv•a:s f.lE voYJ•tx€::; s~Y.c "tpda: XO:t 1tpOa'tO:'TEUOUV ~'.1 a ·~s a:tnoee:waYJs f.l E no/..J..s:; ... o~8e:v OlxOUf.lEVWf.lO.

Mtaa: cmo •ov ~oupxo -:ou ot 1tAO:VE{.ltvot av8pW7tOt. xo:8s ~ xa:J..ucp8e:i: ~ nAaVYJ • ouc;. suY.oi pona:t. Mt J..Cya: My to:. f.lt .-:ape xa:t ~V 'toto: a"ttYf.l~ f.lWOUV !J.S ;_..

Mtaa: at of..e:s 'Ttt; npoxp~a-:~

xpta"ttO:VtXES 7tpo-runwae:t::;. 0~ 1tOWUV 1tOVYJpa , yta va a;:oosi~ ata: , otv e:Iva:t "tt 1tO'TO: anouoa~ 6 0e:ot; EXcppaa"tYJXE at OASS ~no. "OJ..e:s ot npoxpw•ta:vtxt:; 8p ~S Me:yaAYJS MYJ•€pa:t;, f.lt o~o: Pacha Mama, lvavva, VAp-:2 1-<-~

«8e:ous» nou cpove:ueYJ xa:v Y.a~ fJ.Ous , 'Aowvts , "Omptc;) . Au-:s ; ~'TO:V ot 7ta:yi:oe:t; yta ~V f.lSiJ.Q 'TOUt; anpoae:X"tOUt; a'TO aU{.li:2p~

ytxa. '0 axonoc; ~s a pxo:£o:::; cp~ a•Cs «Ptse:s», yta:•C f.lE - ov o Xa8e: apxa:i:ot; aa:'!O:VLXO<; i:O: 2

Mt VYJcpaAta: yvwaYJ xa:( a;: xe: a'!OV av8pwno aav av8pw-:o nou apxtae: xa:C va f.lCxS odl;s •. -: oc; , no we xac .c df.La:a• e: E:f.L s~; ·

_ H"2L:IA

-:ovr,pta -rou E:xn-rw-- - .a. f.L ac; npoacptpEt

<: -:-6v av-rtopa:a-rtx6 :; ~v apv7Ja7J TOU

<= ~o~a:cptpov axE-rt-

'" ' ' as 't'EUTtXEc; U7t0-.:z,_,epwm vo f.Lua:M.

- - /. <:uasouv TOV otx6 ~ .a:Y.~ apxa:ta: ~ vta:

: ~J'IOPOf.LO va:voupt.a.p~ aUVWf.LOata: ~c;

=- :..:t :; · 0LxOUf.LEVtaf.L6c;) , ~G!lSV"fJ va 7ttxAElJ>Et

7""' -: Y.tx t a:t-rta:. : ; . 0~ Ot au-rot ~p~xa:v

-:opouv E:m-rtAouc; - --:op1a: -roue; - O"f)Aa:-

- £aa: a-r6 a8pOtaf.Ltx 2:7 :; aUVWf.LOata:c; T~c;

:; ·. a: -a xptX't"fJ yta - : :; ~aWTEptxtc; tXVtX-

yxEc; , xa:t 7tpoamx87Jaa:v va avmna:vTijaouv 7tp6c; -rtc; aA~8EtEc; TOU 0EOU, otoaaxov-ra:c; U1tOUAa: TOV 7ttxv8E'taf.LO , 7tpoaet-rov-ra:c; dpwvtxa xpw-rta:vtx6 toEa:Ata-rtx6 nAa:tata , xa:t cpuatxa xa:-rtA"f]!;a:v a-r~v a:tpEO"fJ TWV a:tptaEWV. Ot EX7tTWTOt ayyEAOt , xa:-rt~a:AAa:v d)xoAa: -rtc; av8pwm VEe; 7tpoana8EtEc; , AEt-roupywv-ra:c; f.Lt vo7J-rtxtc; dx6vEc; xa:t f.Lov-rtpva: dowAoAa:-rpda: Xtxt 7tpOaTtxTEUOUV Tijv aya7t7J , EV f.Ltaw -r~c; 8Ewpta:c; -r~c; mho8twa"f)c; f.Lt no A Ate; f.LCXaxEc; , f.LCXAAov f.Lt f.Lta: , -r6v oYj8Ev OLxOUf.LEVtaf.LO.

Mtaa: a7t6 TOV ~oupxo TOU aa:otaf.LOU xa:t ~c; dpwvda:c;, OL 7tAtxVEf.LtVOt av8pw7tOt , xa8E cpopa 7tOU 7tpOXEtTa:t va tX7tOxa:Aucp8Et ~ 7tAtXV1J -roue; , d)xoAa: E:na:va:a-ra:-rouv xa:t E:!;Eydpov-ra:t. Mt Atya: Myta: , f.Lt na:pa:J..oytaf.J-6 J..a:-rpEuouv -ra E:pya: xa:t Tijv Yota: a-rtyf.L~ f.Ltaouv f.Lt f.LOX81Jpta: -r6v xa:AAt-rtxv7J.

Mtaa: at oAEc; -rtc; npoxpta-rta:vtxtc; 8p7JaxEi:Ec;, t'mapxouv xpta-rta:vtxtc; npo-runwaEtc;. ot OLxOUf.LEVta-rtc; -rtc; XP1Jatf.LOnotauv 7tOV1JptX , yta va anood!;ouv nwc; ~ xpta-rta:VtX~ oo!;a:ata: , otv dva:t Tt7tOTa: a7tOUOa:tOTEpo an6 OAa: a:u-ra xa:t nwc; 6 0E6c; E:xcppaa-r7JxE at oAEc; -rtc; 8p7JaxEi:Ec; , f.Lt -r6v Yow -rp6-no. "OJ..Ec; ot npoxpw-rta:vtxtc; 8p7JaxEi:Ec; Aa:-rpEuouv -r6v -runo ~c; MqaA"f)c; M1]-rtpa:c; , f.Lt otacpopEc; OVOf.LtxatEc; (fa:i:a: , Kali, Pacha Mama, lvavva, '1\p-rEf.Ltc; T"f)c; 'Ecptaou), f.LtAouv yta «8EOuc;» 7tOU cpoVEU81)XtxV xa:t E:nta-rpElJ>a:v aTij sw~ (Ta:f.Lf.LOUS , '1\owvtc; , "Oatptc;). Au-rtc; ot f.Lua-r7Jpta:xtc; 8p7JaxEi:Ec; , ~-ra:v ot na:yi:oEc; yta Tijv f.LEAAOVTLX~ auyxua"f), OO"f)ywv-ra:c; -roue; anp6aEx-rouc; a-r6 aUf.L7ttpa:af.La: OTt OAa: a:u-ra dva:t AOytxa. 'Q axonoc; ~c; apxa:ta:c; aUVOf.LWata:c; , dva:t ~ Ema-rpocp~ a-rtc; «PtsEc;» , yta:Tt f.Lt TOV OLxOUf.LEVtaf.LOV , ava:a-ra:tVETa:t xa8E apxa:i:oc; aa:-ra:vtx6c; 7ttxV8E.taf.L6c;.

Mt V7JcpaAta: yvwa7J xa:t anooEoEtyf.Ltva: , 6 0E6c; xa:-rt~"f)XE a-r6v av8pw7tO aav av8pwnoc; yta va 6AOXA1JpWaEt a:6-r6 7tOU apXtaE xa:t va f.LCXc; od!;Et 7tOt6c; 7tptxyf.LtxTtXa dva:t 6 0E-6c; , no tat xa:t Tt df.LtxOTE Ef.Ldc; aTijv npa:yf.La:TtXOT"f)Ttx.

31

I }X>X

9\' ~ S;J..

71~

! t,9.l. 1\91, iliJ.. ;ooo ,-[I

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dx:>~

.:..OX> jX)i{

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11 '

[.

(69f ems)

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-d~l.QX> mf\m · ~ 1p.. JX>x

91\X>dQO f\91. 001. Sof\9rl 13

-~f\d3gox ~'{'{"ft '91J.. 13Xf. f\?Q Ot\9rl 1XO,. .. "1X)(\p

Sx:>f\3:, '938 f\91.0 x:>Q~1dJ, 13Xd~lLQ S<;>11. 31.2311.

(\~w · · · x:>Jdx:>w (\~l.o 3'{

-13Wf. f\9.1 oo.L SoJ..9v 9 Jx:>X OOl.D)cj1J, QOl. Sot\;>rl

-'(X>l.D3lL"ft 9 , Sx:>Jdx:>w s~

S91A 9 1X>f\p SQODUJ. 0,

(<;S "f: eJnS)

· 3f\1.A.f.

)X>X (l)J..~()UM3J.. 31Lp )938

0, . x:>nc_:JX 9lL"ft 3XhD~'(lL

rl~QV. 0, . rl~QV. 9 )(l)lLQ SOlL(l)d()f\~ mf\p 938

f\91. ~1J.. SQODU.L 0,

11\~00)!

"(IVNH8V -VW3:dVV S13o dl(l)z Sx:>f\JW s~ U.ox:>dro~J..3rl f\!p..

1.:. 9:..!-"ft X>l.X>riD~lLDOlL"ft ~l. ~1J)

Gt

. 938 01Q). f\91. 1\QOf\OXDOdlL f\?Q 101\~rl'{OODOOW

10 JX>X )Of\X>11.D1dX 10 x:>l.!J.l.9X1l.x:>nJ..x:>dlL f\~l.D 1l.Q 'f\OOg~'{

-x:>l.X>X ~f\ )XlX O<;lQ ~1. f\001\ JdXAOD ~f\ f\OOD;>dOlL rJ ~f\ )31.Dc_:Jf\A

-X>f\yt 10 31.0~ '~dmdj X>)A V, f\~1, )X> X 11\~dO)I 91. 9lL"ft mgx:>dx:>lL , S3'{~D S3'{U'{'{~dx:>lL SJw , (l)J..~xx:>dx:>u

"X>Q~1dj, X>)AV, f\~1, )X>X 91.01dX QODUJ. x:>d!p..(l)3: )X>X

938 f\91. ~1J.. «SO'{Ol.D91L"ft» S01.A.dQOf\1X>X 9 S91.Qx:> 2311. ~f\ 13Xf.

)l. 3rlQOQ ~f\ ~1J.. 'OO)f\x:>dO)I QOl. o<bx:>d.A.)l.t\"ft X>f\~ 3rlx:>d~lL S23rl3:,

"«<J038 QOJ.. oo'{Ol.D91L"ft» QOl. Socj1g 91.0 93rl~(l)w f\91. 13.A.~od11. x:>f\ 013rlU.o 01.0 Sx:>J..f\Of\x:>J.. 3DU.d(l)XodlL I -I I I I ' I

SoM;>gdx:>u SU.Xd~1d1.x:>u 9 S(l)nn, · o1xJ2 f\ooXf. JOl.Qx:> 11.9 Jx:>x

'1\QOf\OXDOdlL )Of\X>11.D1dX 10 02011.9 f\91. 938 f\91. 1\QOf\OXDOdlL

f\?Q 11-Q ')OX11.x:>rlU.doJ..U.J..x:>X X>l.0'{9lL"ft 1X>f\p 101\~n'{OODOOW

10 101Q), 10 · uD(l)'{~Q mo1.;>1. ~1rl 131\~X ~f\ 3DQodolLrl ~9 'x:>J..x:>rl

-~GD1X> ~X1f\ODx:>rl ~ ~X11.D11.1dxJ..oo ;>rl So1011.~x Ot\9rl -x:>rlQ3f\U

01J.. v;, Jx:>X 91J.. 'x:>d;>J..x:>U -x:>Q~1dJ, x:>J.A. V, f\!p.. ~QX>'{U.Q '«f\(')'{0,

938 O'{~J..3W X>f\3:,» f\9], f\OOQ3dl.Xl'{ f\?Q 101\~rl'{OODOOW 10 · « 3rlOO<;J3dl.X>'{ )X> X 3rlQOf\OXDOdlL -)Of\X>11.D1dX )X>X )Of\X>()3rlx:>

-(l)w -s23r1f 10'{Q f\o2o11.9 f\91., f\(l)'{Q 938 o'{~.A.3w f\9],» ~1J.. oo1.

~(l)'{~Q ~ mf\p x:>rlU.1.~2 9dx:>goo f\O?'{lL 91. 'm<Jm X>'{Q ,dx:>u

· 9d9X3 odx:>gd~g mx orl3'{9lLrlf

f\91. f\OOD~f\031.X>X ~(\ S313()~lLDOdlL f\~D Od31.9DD1d3lL f\002~

-10rl11.Q 3rlOOf\<;'ll.D1lLX>1Q 'Soot\~rl'{ooooorl S<;101. S9d11. OO)dJ..U.rl

-U.v U.Xd~1d1.x:>u <JOX1f\3nooxw <JOl. S<;Jorlm1.3dmX S<;Jox1<h'{3Q"ft Soo1. mx 'f\(l)3rox:>dJ..J..oo f\(l)f\X>rl'{ooooorl f\(l)f\OdXJ..oo x:>f\ Q _;rJ)3~ JX>X 01~~do)I 91. 91Lrt ~1<»~2f ~x1d3n sx:>Mo~~1.3~t a

NOVO «Q3:0 OVVJ3:W» VN3: NO.L~ IXO

0 8E0» OAON

- -:-6 Kopavw xa( xdfLEyypacptwv , xa( -roue;

;: . ·.zou ITa-rplapxYJ t. YJ-

a xa-rEuvaaouv -r6v

. flU dvm ~ o~A.w~ -:o~ov oA.m E:!J.dc; - Mw-- .... ;: xa( Aa-rpEUOUfLE». -:_,«"Eva MqaA.o 0E6

- ..... cctpa , rt6 xat "A yw -- •· -:a i} flUGOVlXrX ata8~-~ :a o~A.waYJ. ot 'Cowl ol

• . OP'YJflU'tlXOt' O'tl OEV • .a7~avo( n:poaxuvouv,

:rp~apxYJc; 11ap8tvwc; 'r:ac; 0'!0 GYJfLEtO VrX

- a ;:oa-roA.ou -rou 0EOU». ll.~JLL .... ~ou ' YlrX va OOUfLC: '!L

-:oA.oc;» yla -r6v 0E6 ·-.a Tplaoa.

- _ _;; ·. =:; . ;mpaet-rofLE E:oa-~pac;>~ , WG'!E OL CxVa

~~.~~ · -:a ouo xa( va xa-ra·_ Xpw-rwvo( xa( ol .o 0s6.

(fta -ra exn:oan:aGfLU't(X exn:6 -r6 Kopavl XPYJOlfl071:0l~aafLE ~v fLE-racppaaYJ Tijc; Mtvac; Zwypacpou - MEpEva(ou , 'Ex06-aElS t.APEMA - A0HNAI).

Kopavl

'0 'lYJaouc; yla -r6v 0E6 dval CX.v8pwn:oc; on:wc; 6 :AoafL. ·o :AoafL n:t..aa-rYJxE an:o xwfLa. ·o 0E6c; dn:E YEVVYJ8~-rw xa( EYlVE.

(Sura 3. 52)

'0 'IYJaouc; dvm 6 yl6c; Tijc; Maptac;, 6 exn:w-raA.fLEvoc; -rou 'Yt)Jta-rou xa( 6 A6yoc; Tou T6v lta-rElAE a-r~v Mapta ... M~v m:i:-re: n:wc; un:apXEl Tplaoa a-r6v 0E6 , "Evac; dval ... "Oxl fL6vo otv ltxEl ylo, at..t..a xu~Epvac:l fLOVoc; -rou -r6v oupav6 xat ~ yYj. Eivm au-rapXYJS.

(Sura 169)

'A y(a fpacp~

'Ev apx~ ~v o A6yoc; xa( o A6yoc; ~v 7tp6c; -r6v 0c:6v xa( 0c:6c; ~v o Aoyoc;. Oihoc; ~v E:v apx~ 1tp6c; -r6v 0c:6v, 1tav-ra <'h UU'!OU E:yeVO'V'tO xa£ XWptc; aU'tOU EYE'VE'tO ouoi E'V 0 yiyo'VE'V & Kat o A6yoc; crap~ E:yi'VE'tO xa( E:crx~vwcrc:v E:v ~fll'V

xa£ E:6c:acrafLc:6a -r~v oo~av aU'tOU, oo~av we; fLOVoyc:vouc; 1tapa 7ta'tp6c;, 1tA~PYJS xapl'toc; xa( aA.Yj6dac;.

(Ka-r<i 'Iw<iwtj , A: 1-3 , 14)

lliic; 6 1tlO"'tEUW'V O'tl 0 'IYjcrouc; E:a-rtv o Xpla-.6c;, E:x 0c:ou yc:yivv'Yj-rm xa( 1tiic; o aya1twv T6v yc:vv~crav-ra aya1t<;X xa( 'tO'V YEYE'V'V'Yjfli'VO'V E:~ au-rou & O'tl -.pete; c:lcrlv ol. fLap-.upouv-.c:c; E:v -.c;> oupavc;>, 0 11a'tijp, 0 A6yoc; xa( -.6 ''Aywv ITvc:ufLa xa( au-.o( ol. Tpc:tc;, "Ev Elm.

(A' 'En. 'Iw<ivvou E : 1, 7)

33

"Oaot J..tve: nwc; 6 Me:aaiw;, 6 ytoc; Ujc; Ma.pia.c; e:Iva.t 8e:oc; , e:Iva.t ama"t"Ot ...

(Sura 5. 19)

"Oaot J..tve: nwc; 6 Me:aaia.c; , 6 ytoc; Ujc; Ma.pia.c; dva.t 8e:oc; , ~Aa.a<p1J[LOUV ...

"Oaot unoac1Jpisouv cO Tptaunoaca.co Tou 8e:ou dvm ~J..aacp1JfLOt. Movo E:va.c; 8e:oc; unapxe:t. "Av otv a::\J..a!;ouv 7ttO't1] , 'tl[L1J[L<X c~c; CxOE~e:t<ic; couc; ea dva.t co oouv1Jpo fl<Xpcupw.

(Sura 5. 76 , 77)

'0 Me:aaia.c; , 6 ytoc; Ujc; Ma.pia.c;, otv dva.t 6 un1JpEc1Jc; Tou 'Ytj>iacou. ''AAAOt ane:ac<XA[LEVOt np01JyYJ61JX<XV. 'H [L1JcEpa. Tou ~'t<XV otX<Xt<X.

34

Tis ecr-rtv 6 $e:ucr-rlJs e:t !l~ 6 apvOU[LEVO<; O'tt 0 'IYjcrOu<; oux ecr-rtv 6 Xptcr-roc;, oihos ecr-rtv o 'AV'ttXptcr'tO<;, 0 apvOU[LEVO<; -rov Ila.-rtpa. xa.£ -rov YEov, 1t<i<; o apvOU[LE:VO<; 'tOV YEov ouot -rov II a-rt pa. exe: t.

(A' 'E7t. 'Iwcivvou B: 22, 23)

... Ka£ 7tpocre:A.6wv o 'IYjcrous eAaAYjcre:v au-rot<; Mywv· <<Eoo6Yj ~ot 1taaa. t~ouaia tv oupav<;> X<Xt E1tt yli<;, 1tOpe:u6iv-re:s ~<X6Yj-re:ucra.-re: 1tav-ra. -ra e6vYj , f3a1t'tt~ov-re:<; <XU'tOU<; e:l<; -ro ovo~a Tou IIa.-rpos xa.£ Tou YEou xa.£ -rou Ayiou Ilve:u~a-roc;, otoacrxov-re:<; a.u-rou<; 'tYjpe:tv 1tUV't<X ocra eve:-re:tAU~YjV u~'lv xa£ toou tyw ~e:6' u~wv e:L~t 1taaas -ras ~~tpa.s Ew<; 't~S cruv-re:A.e:la.<; -rou atwvoc;. 'A~~V.>>

(Kcna Mcn8<Xiov KH: 18-20) .

Tou-ro yap cppove:lcr6w tv u~'lv o xa( tv Xptcr-r<;> 'IYjcrou, os tv ~opcpjj 0e:ou u1tapxwv oux <'xp1ta.y~ov ~y~cra.-ro -ro dvm 'iaa 0e:<;>.

(IIpoc; <Pt:A.mmaiouc; B: 5, 6)

Zouaa.v xa.i E'tpwya.v fl<Xst. Koica.l;e: nwc; -ou:; OtVOU[LE: anood!;e:tc; yta c~v tv6r!Jca. coli 0e:ou xa.i 1rwc; Tia.pa.oioov-w. uace:pa. mo tj>t[La. .

(Sura 5. 79)

OE 'Iouoa.i:ot J..tve: 1rwc; 6 "Esop a.c; e:Iva.t ytoc; coli 8e:ou, co 'tow Mve: xa.i oE Xptacta.vo£ yta cov Me:aaia..

MtAouv , aav couc; amacouc; TIOU 1tp01]y~-61]X<XV.

'O ee:oc; ea 'ttfLwp~aYl etc; ~A<XO(j)Yj~te:c; couc;.

(Sura 9. 30)

-: I

~I

u

.,.. . -,<

.; :: -:!v 6 tjJEUO""t'YjS EL f.L~ 6 ~o; o-rt 6 'IYjcrous oux

o Xp !cr-ros, ol>-ros tcr-rtv 6 - . · ~ O"'OS, 6 apVOUf.LEVOS

-:::pa xa( -rov Yl.ov, 1tiiS Jf.L !:VOS "tOV YEov ouoi.

-::: pa ~XEL A 'En. 'Iwavvou B: 22 , 23)

-a[ 7tpocrc:A.ewv 6 'IYj--; ::· M YjO"EV au-roi:s Ai.ywv·

--~'"' f.! Ot 1tiicrcx t~oucr(a tv - xa£ i1t£ yljs, 7topw6i.-a Yj"tEucra-rE 1tav-ra -ra a :-:-r(?;onc:s au-rous c:ls a Tou lla-rpos xa£ Tou ~ 'ou :Ay£ou llvsuf.La

oacrxov-rc:s au-rous "t'Yj--: U.,-:a ocra EVE"tElAUf.LYjV a~ toou tyw f.LE6' Uf.LWV

::ti cras -ras ~f.Li.pas E:ws --=::A.das -rou atwvos.

·cr.a ~1cn0cxtov KH: 18-20).

- -:o yap cppovdcrew tv - o xa( tv Xptcr-r<i) 'IYjcrou,

opcpjj 0wu u7tapxwv p ::ayf.LOV ~y~cra-ro -ro

'":X>:; <l>lAt1t7ttOlOUc; B : 5, 6)

Zouaav xcx( 1£-rpwycxv flCXst. Ko(-rcxss nwc; ·woe; OlVOUflS anood!;stc; yta -r~v tv6r!J-rcx -rou 0sou XCXt TIWS TICXpaOtOOV1"CXl ua-rspcx a-r6 tPEflCX.

(Sura 5. 79)

Ot 'louocxi:ot A.Svs nwc; 6 "Et;;opac; dvat yt6c; -rou esou , -r6 'Cow A.Svs xcxt ot Xpw-rwvo£ yta -r6v Mwcrtcx.

M tAouv , aav -roue; amcr-rouc; TIOO 1tpOYJY~-8Yjxav.

'0 0s6c; 8a 'rlflWp~OYJ -rtc; ~ACXO<f>Y][ltE<; -roue;.

(Sura 9 . 30)

"O-rE oi. ~Aec: -ro 1tA~pwf.La "tOU xpovou, E~(I1tEO""tElAEV 0 0soc; -rov YEov Au-rou, yc:vof.LEvov tx yuvatxoc;, yEVOf.LEVOV u1to vof.LOV, Yva -roue; u1to vof.LOV t~ayopaa-n, Yva -r~v uEoec:cr(av a1tOAU~Wf.LEV.

(IIpoc; fcxM-rcxc; !:J. : 4 , 5)

Ka£ Uf.LEtc; 7tEmcr-rc:uxaf.LEV xa( tyvwxaf.LEV O"tl cru d 0 Xptcr-roc; o YEoc; -rou 0wu -rou ?;wv-roc;.

(Kcx-r<i 'Iwavv"l]v I:T: 69)

35

AATPEIA TON AfiON EIKONON

IIPOTE1;TANTH1;: Mrcopw va xa•ai\a~w cht ~ 'Op86-aos"1J 'ExxA)')ata dvat rcpayfla"t"txa awaTij orcwc; Ex"t"tfliX '"CO 8tfl1X ~c; V)')a"t"dac;. 'AAAa oao yta Tij i\a"t"pda "t"WV dxovwv xat OA(I "'Ca rcapOfJ.Ot(I 6flOlWfliX"'C(X , (Xll"'CO q>atVE"'Cat va fl~V dvat "'CtTCO"'C(X i\tyO"t"Ef>O arco dawi\oi\a"t"pda xat rcapa~taa)') ~c; t.EU"t"Ef>"YJS 'Enoi\~c; : «0U not~aeu; aeaur0 dowAOV ouoi navr6~ Of.LO{Wf.La, oaa iv r0 oupav0 &vw xa{ oaa iv rij Y?7 xarw xa{ Oaa £v roi~ Uoaat UI!OXarw rij~ yij~· OU 7rpOaXUV~ael~ auroi~ ouoi f.L~ Aarpevar; auroi~ » (t.EU"'C. 5, 8-9). «lPaaxovre~ dvat aocpo{ if.Lwpav()'Y/aav xa{ ifMasav njv o6sav rou acp()aprou ewv iv Of.LOlWf.Lart elx6vo~ cp()aprov av()pwnou xa{ 7re

relVWV xa{ rerpan6owv xa{ ipnerWV». (Pwfl. A' 22-23). «"Ort -ra VOf.Llf.La rwv £()vwv f.Larata• sVAOV £or{ ix rov opuf.LOV ixxeXaf.Lf.LiVOV, tpyov rixrovo~ xa{ XWVWf.La, apyup{w xa{ xpua0 xexaAitwmaf.Liva iar{v· iv acpvpat~ xa{ i]itot~ £arepiwaaV aura, ()~aouatV aura xa{ OU XlV'Y/()~aovrat apy!)pwv ropeur6v ianv ou nopevaovrar apy!)pwv npoaf3AY!r6v an6 ()apa{~ ifset, xpua{ov Mwcpas xa{ xdp xpuaox6-wv, tpya reXV'Y/rWV navra· alpOf.LeVa ap()~aovrat, OTl oux £m{3~aOVTal" f.l~ qJOf3'Y/()ijre aura, OTl OU f.l~ XaXOI!Ol~aWat xa{ aya()6v oux tanv iv auroi~ ». ('IEpEfl. 10, 3 - 6).

OP00Ll0301;: 'H LlEU"t"Ep)'j 'Ev"t"OA~ arcayopEUEt va arcoataOUflE "'Ctfl~ at dawi\a aav at aC:tataatfJ.OVES 8e:ouc; xat at 6fJ.OtWfliX"t"(X tjJEU"t"tXWV 8c:wv. Mac; arcayopEUEt va arcoataouflE "t"tfl~ at a)'jfJ.toUpY)')fltva rcpayfla"'Ca aav at 8e:ouc; aTij 8t-

36

a)'] •ou Ekou •ou t.)')fltoupyou -:t

6flotwf1.a ~ dxova tx-oc; a;:o 0e:ou. IlpOXEtfltVOU VeX rda::~:; -: 8E CxfJ.Cj)t~OAta , (ht "t"t"t"Ota d'Ja~ ~ E:v•o"'~s, XPEtasE•at &.r-Aw:; 'Ja 'Catoe; 6 Mwu~c; , fltaw •ou o;:o EV"'COA~' ata"t"ax8"YJXE Tijv lata a-:

fltaa aTijv Xt~W"t"O "t"OU xtvr;-:-oli fla xpuaa 6flOtWfl1X"t"a •wv Xspo '"CO LAaaTijpto , ~ '"CO E:aw"t"Eptxo ;.' ExXA)')ataafJ.a Ea"t"pEq>E •a fl<i-=-~a a•o 0Eo C"E!;oaoc; 25 , 19).

1;Tijv rcpayfJ.a"t"tXO"t""YJ"t"CI ~ K~;J X"YJS atv ~•av •trco•a a.no ;:ac aopa•ou ee:ou, rcou 8a 8uf1.t _:: · Kupto, xat 8a avutjJwvE '"CO flUW iyivero iv r0 isatpetv njv %!{3

yip()'Y/rt Kvpte xa{ otaaxopt.! rwaav navre~ o[ f..llaOUVre~ aE: sof.Lat xa{ dpxflaof.Lat ivwJ:W'/ 21), drcE 6 t.auta aTij MEAXOA. -:1

EAEYSE yta"t"t xopwE fJ.rcpoa-:a ' '0 'Catoe; 6 0Eoc; att•asE -:o•;

Cj)"t"ta!;Et auo uq>av"t"a 6flOtW!-J. vaou TCOU XWPtsE "'CcX A yta - (;)·, xat auyxpovwc; ("E!;oaoc; 26. 3! WfJ.a-ra "t"wv XEpou~dfJ.rcavw a. parcE"t"cXafla"t"a , "t"cX 6rcoia x<iAu;:-: xat •a n:Adiva ~c; xt~w-ou . x rctpa. Eivm E:m rci\tov yvwa-:-o. ' •ov Mwua~ v•ta!;Et E:va o (1\.pt8f1.ot 21 , 9). To q>tat ~-:av a pa (6 'l)')aouc; aTijv aUVOfltA~a 1i tatat"t"Ef>)'j a"1)f1.1Xata a"t"O yz 0 J .

~ EIKONON

• 0 (;{ -:cxAa~w o-cL ~ 'Op8o- :J7"Yj OTIW<; EX't"Lf.lCX 'tO 8t-

- • .... -:pdcx -cwv dxovwv xcxt (X ~ 12't"CXL va f.l~V ELVCXL 'tt-

00:X'o •cxpcx~tcxaYj Tijc; t.e:u-:-~ c: iowitov ouoi rravr6<;

0 oaa iv Tfi rii xarw xa{ -= "";j :-:poaxuv~ael<; auroi<;

- - . - -9) 0 «Waaxovre<; dvw

" o6sav rou aqJ8aprou :-ou av8pwrrou xa{ rre

-~:-,;; 'l » o (PWf.lo A' 22-23) 0 _ _ ..._.._;.,"'" ; ul.ov iar{ ix rou opu

; ;w( XWVW(l.a, apyup{w - - :-. · i'l aqJupal<; xa{ YjAOl<;

:-a xa{ ou XlVYJ8~aovral O'ITa l" apyUplOV 7rpO

. WQa~ xa{ xdp xpuaox6-~. a ape~aovral, OTl oux

-:- ou .u~ xaxorrol~awm xa{ ~ ;: __ 10 , 3 - 6)0

- - .~ . Yj arccxyopEUEL va CxTIO: ;: _~ 000CXl[lOVE<; 8e:ouc; XCXt at -; i -:a:yope:UEL va CxTIOotoou-

- -:a: aav at 8e:ouc; a-dj 8t-

aYJ -cou 0e:ou -cou LlYJf.LtOupyou -couc; , ~ at <'mowo~Tio-ce: &.A.Ao 6f.LO tW[lCX ~ dxovcx E:x-coc; cmo cxth~ 't"OU TpwuTioa-ccx-cou 0e:ou 0 IIpoxELf.LEvou va Tidae:Lc; -cov ecxu-co aou 1ttpcx (mo xa-8e: Cxfl<".P L~OAt CX ' O't"L 't"E't"OLCX dvm ~ CxAYj8LV~ EPVYJVEtCX cxu'rijc; Tijc; EV't"OA~c; ' XPELcXsE't"CXL em Awe; VeX 8Uf.l.Yj8e:i:c; 'tO ye:yovoc; O't"L 6 Yotac; 6 Mwu~c; ' [LEaw 't"OU 6TIOtOU 6 0e:oc; E:owae: cxu-dj -djv E:v-coA~ , oLcx-cax8YJXE -djv YoLcx a-cLY!l~ a1to -co 0e:o va a-djae:L [LEacx a-djv XL~w-co -cou XLVYJ't"OU vcxou -cwv 'E~pcxf.wv TIOAtmf.lCX xpuaa 6[LOLW[lCX't"CX 't"WV Xe:pou~d[L , CxXOf.LCX XCXt yupw Cx1t0 -co tAcxa-djpta , ~ -co E:aw-ce:pLxo f.l.Epoc; -cou vcxou , a-co 61toi:o -co txxAYjatcxaf.LCX E:a-cpe:<pe: -ca [LcX't"LCX -cou o-ccxv 7tpoa<pe:pe: A.cx-cpdcx a-co 0e:o ("Esoooc; 25 , 19)0

~-djv TIPCXYf.lCX't"LXO't"Yj't"CX ~ KL~w-coc; xcxf. 6 Ncxoc; Tijc; LlLcx8~XYJ<; otv ~'CCXV 'ttTIO't"CX &.A.Ao 7tCXpcX EVCX 6pcx-co 6[LOtW[LCX 't"OU aopcx-cou 0e:ou ' TIOU 8a 8U[LLsE auve:xwc; moue; ' E~pcxtouc; 't"OV Kupto ' XCXt 8a avul)>wve: 'tO [LUCXAO -couc; a-co 7tpW't"O't"U7tO «X a { iyivero iv rcj) isa{pew r~v xl{3wr6v xa{ drre Mwvaij<;o iseyip8rrn Kuple xcx{ olaaxopma8~rwaav ol ixfJpo{ aou, qJuyirwaav mxvre<; ol f.llaouvre<; ae» CApL8f.LOt 10, 34) «xa{ rra{sof1.al xa{ opxflao(l.al ivwmov Kup{ouo oo>> (BcxaLAELWV B' 6 , 21) , d1te: 6 t.cxuf.o a-dj Me:AxoA, -djv xopYJ -rou ~cxouA , Tiou -cov EAe:yse: yw-ct xopwe: [L7tpoa-ca a-djv XL~W't"O ·~c; LlLcx8~XYj<; o

'O Yo we; 6 eeoc; aLt-ccxse: -cov Mwu~ ("Esoaoc; 25 , 18) va <p-cLase:L ouo o<pcxv-ca 6f.lOLw[Lcx-ccx a-co TicxpcxTit-ccxa[Lcx -cou vcxou 1tou xwpLse: -ca 'A yLcx -cwv 'A yf.wv a1to -co 8umcxa-djpta , xcxr. auyxpovwc; C"Esoooc; 26 , 31) , va <p-cLase:L Ticxpo[Lmcx 6[LOLw[Lcx-ccx 't"WV Xe:pou~Etf.l1tcXVW a-ca ALVcX XCXAUf.lf.lCX't"CX ~ -ca 1tCXpcx7tE'taa[LCX't"CX ' -ca 67toi:cx xaAUTI't"CXV OXL f.LOVO 't""ljv opo<p~ CxAAa XCXt -ca TIAdtva Tijc; XL~W't"OU ' XCXt XPYJatf.LEUE aav -coi:xoc; E:xe:i: mtpcx 0 ElvcxL E:mTIAtov yvwa-co , o-cL 6 "lowe; 6 0e:oc; oLt-ccxse: 't"OV Mwua~ va <p't"Lase:L EVCX <ptOL Cx1t0 xcxA.xo a-c~v EPYJ!lO CApL8[LOt 21 ' 9) 0 To <ptOL ~'CCXV cmAwc; [LLa au[L~OALX~ <pLyoupcx (6 'IYJaouc; a-djv auvo[LLAtcx Tou !lt -cov N LXOOYJ[LO , E:owae: lOLCXt't"EpYj aYjf.LCXatcx a-co ye:yovoc; 't"OU XCXAXOU o<pe:wc; 0 Kcx-c'

37

c<lrr-ljv 6 Kopta<; dm: O"tt , onw<; e6e:pcme:oe:co onow<; ulj>wve: "tOO<; ocp6aA!J.OOS "tOU mov xat..xouv O<pt , lhat xat OTI:OtOS !lt 71:t0Tfj (XcE:Vtse:t mo "tE"tEAe:afJ.tvo E:pyo "tOU I:caupou , 6a EXEt sw1Jv atwvwv.

X ctsonas Eva fJ.OVtfJ.O vao yta cov ee:o , (3 Bam/... 6, 2M 2 Xpov. 3 , 10) 6 I:oAOfJ.WV"ta<; cono6tcYjae: txe:i: !J.taa xat ne:ptnou a"to xtvcpo "tWV :Aytwv "tOtS :Aytot<; , ouo 6fJ.otW!J.a"ta "tWV Xe:pou~dfJ. , <p"ttay!J.tva (mo xunaptaat xat axe:naa!J.tva !lt xpuao. Ta cmAwfJ.tva "tOU<; <pce:pa va ayytsouv "tOO<; "tOtxous coli vaou xat a no ct<; ouo nf..e:upts;. Kat 6A6yupa a no "tOO<; "tOtXOUS "tOU otx-lj!J.a"tO<; , axaf..we: ntcptva 6fJ.OtW!J.a"ta "tWV Xe:pou~d!J. xat <potvtxe:s xat f..ouf..ooota. Kat axo!J.a , axaAtae: Xe:pou~d!J. moos "tOtXOUS xat E<j)"ttase: xaAU!J.fJ.a"ta ano !J.nf..t , nopcpupo xat ~a6uxoxxtvo xat ano axpt~o f..tvo xat navw "tOU ucpave: Xe:pou~d!J.. 1\pyoce:pa 6 ee:os oxt fJ.Ovo otv Ent"ttfJ.YjOE xat xactxptve: "tOV I:oAOfJ.WV"ta yt al>"tO 71:00 E:xave: , at..Aa Ent71:AEOV tt;tcppaae: "tYjv 6da e:uxaptO"tYja-lj "tOU xat auyxaca6e:a1j cou , coao yta co axtow coli O"flfJ.taupyou , oao xat yta co vao noo "tO tvaapxwve:. (BaatA. 9 , 3) «xa{ elm:: npo~ auTOll 6 Kupw~· rjxouaa TYi~ q>Wllii~ TYi~ npoawxfl~ aou xa{ TYi~ oc:~ac:w~ aou, ~~ ioc:~er;~ illwmoll f-lOU. llc:notr;xa aot xaTa mxaall T~ll npoawx~ll aou, ~y{axa TOll olxoll TOUTOll, Oll WXOOO{-lr;aa~ TOU etaeat TO OliO{-la {-lOU ixc:i d~ TOll alwlla xa{ taollrat o[ oq;eaJ..{-lo{ f-lOU ixc:i xa{ ~ xapo{a f-lOU mxaa~ Ta~ ~f-lipa~» (Baatf... f , 0 , 3).

m 'E~pai:ot Ota"tYjpOuaav "tO vao "tOU Kuptou at EVOEtSYj ae:~aa!J.OU ye:vtxa xa( aXO!J.a aav antypacpo ~ axta "tWV oupav(wv fJ.OVWV "tOU Kuptou. (Ilpos ' E~patous , 8 , 5) «Xa{ i:wpa mi~ 6 J..ao~ TOll OTUAOll TYi~ liC:q>iJ..r;~ i:aTWTa in{ TYi~ eupa~ TYi~ axr;llii~ xa{ aTaliTC:~ na~ 6 J..ao~ npoac:xvllr;aall lxaaTo~ ano T9i~ 8upa~ T9i~ OXYjl19i~ aUTOU » ("Esoo. 33 , 10) «X a{ alliaTr; L1au{o ix TYi~ rYi~ xa{ iJ..ouaaTo xa{ ~J..dcjJaro xa{ rjMa~c; Ta [{-laTta aUTOU xa{ daiiJ..8c:ll d~ TOll olxoll TOU ewu xa{ npoac:xvllr;ac:ll auT0 » (BaatA. B' 12 , 20). « ... 'Eyw oi ill

38

T0 nJ..~8c:t Tov iAiou~ aou t: !.GE

npoaxull~aw npo~ llaOll Cty!0\1 a 8). '0 1\nomof..os; Ilauf..o~ ( ;:~ auyxa"ta6e:a1j "tOU yta "tYjv a;:o~

xat axaAtafJ.tvwv Xe:pou~e: •. fJ.. 01 xa &.yta , "tcX at EOW"te:p txa w axaAW"tcX 6fJ.OtWfJ.a"ta , 71:00 ~a a noo axtasav co lf..aa"tYjpw .

'0 0e:os dvm aaw!J.a·ro~ z au"ta , 6 1\~paa!J. doe: "tOV 0 e:o xat 6 MwucrYjs; EntaYj<; doe: - o ~ n aco ~ouvo 6 'Haatas Tov e:Io:e: vo. IIapofJ.ota, 6 'Ie:se:xt-lj f.. To, vtYjA navw a' EVa aovve:cpo o;:w dvm aacpt<; , oct of..ot aucot T 6 at OUfJ.~OAtxYj fJ.Op<p-lj. Ilap' oi.a "tOU 0e:ou dvm exi;wat~aa-.:e::; . onws; axpt~ws ne:ptypacpo~a~ wv ~t~f..(wv , hat xat ano~u;:w

fJ.1tOpOUfJ.E VeX CxV"ttXpoaOUfJ. E !l2 noo ol npocp~ce:s doav !lt - a ~

UOnws axpt~WS O"taV o~a~ nve:li!J.a !J.as, <pctaxvonas - a o: hat xt ocav xm,asoufJ.e: -~ :; e: 6n"ttXa !J.taw "tWV opyavwv -:Yj:; pta<; Ate:t : «X aT a aUTOll TOll 7pol

ypa{-l{-lilla {-li npoawna xa{ ;:rx

MY)nws; eae:i:s ol Ilpoce:a~cr co xapc( xa( co fJ.EAav t !J.t -:o o nws yta "tYjv notO"t"fl"ta n oo xcr coli 0e:ou; 'H 'Op6ooosl1 I:xx avacptpe:t , S"fl"tCX va Aa"tpe:uou: 6fJ.otW!J.a"ta xat va "tcX fJ. S"7a'(2

- :: ::pa;:::ue:-ro OTIOtOS ut/Jwve: - oc;n. s-rat xai onowc; fit

:: . 0 -:ou ~-raupou , ea EXEt

-6 0 e:6, (3 BaatA.. 6, 2M i-: TjaE EXEt [ltaa xai TIE

- :.; :A. yiotc; . ouo 6flotwfia-ra ;:ap[aat xai axe:naa[ltVa

- ~:: • va ayyi?;;ouv -roue; -roi-- , =- -pte; . Kai 6A6yupa an6

· .G:: rt'!ptva 6flOtWflaTa . OUAOUOta. Kai cXXOfla ,

.; zrx~ s<p-rta!;e: xaAU[lfla'ta ~- vo :v.ai an6 axpt~6 AtV6 _ pYo-:e:pa 6 ee:oc; oxt flO-~oAoflwv-ra yt a6-r6 nou

8da e:uxapia-rYJa-IJ '!OU - -=-~::ow -rou OYJfltOupyou ,

-~ ,;: . (BaatA. 9 , 3) «xa{

i"r"'--"-""" ~; qJWll~c; T~c; rrpoaw~c;

; i vwmoll fl.OV. Ile:rro{r;GOV, ~y{axa TOll olxoll

- -c ovofi.a fl.OV ixei de; TOll ir.c: i xa{ ~ xapo{a fl.OV

3 . 'J -:au Kupiou at E:voe:tsYJ a ~ -:[ypacpo ~ axta '!WV .; 'E~paiouc; , 8, 5) «xa{ :: ;.r; iarwTa irr{ T~c; ()u-

).a6; irpoac:.xvllr;aall txa:- - •> ("E!;oo. 33 , 10) «xat

r;cr-:o xa{ ~).dcj;aro xa{ ::: :';TOll olxoll TOV ewv

B l2. 20). « ... 'Eyw oi ill

Tc}i rr).~()ec TOV iMouc; aov dadeuaofi.at de; TOll olxoll aov, rrpoaxvll~aw rrpoc; llaOll aytoll aov ill cpof3CJ? aov» ('¥a)q.wi 5, 8). '0 :An6a-roA.oc; ITauA.oc; (np6c; 'E~paiouc; 9 , 1-5) E:otve: n1 auyxa-raew-1] '!OU yta Tijv CXTIOfli[lYJaYJ oupaviwv npayflcX'!WV xai axaAta[ltvwv Xe:pou~dfl , OVOflasov-rac;, -ra [ltv E:!;w-re:ptxa &:yta , '!eX ot E:aw-re:ptxa &:yta '!WV ayiwv. 'EvtxptVE 'tcX axaA.ta-ra 6flotwfia-ra , nou -ra ov6flase: Xe:pou~dfl Tijc; 06sYJS nou axia<;;av -r6 tA.aaTijpto.

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OP00Ll030~: ~Ufl(j)WVa flO: Va<; 1tOU xpEfltO'tav navw a-:o GflEVO<; , OXt ES ahta<; -rou a7aopo~ -rtwv -roo. ITo to dvat -ro aOfli.Zpe -rapafltvos; To-rE yta-rt -ro so \o xa-rapaflEVO; 'H-rav flYJ7tW<; y~a. nws E1tEto1j E:yxAYJfla'ttE<; Y.a~ za· ~acpws , -ro oEl>-rEpo aoflntpaa11o YYJaYJ. fta-rt -ro sl>Ao au-ro xae· a vo fl.OVO E7tEto1j navw a' aLr:o · xaxoupyoo<; ~ fl.CxAAov , fl.OVO ~~ ~-rav -ro E:8tflO va -ro XPYJatflOI.O E:yxAYJfla'ttE<; xat xaxoupyoo:;. z~ -rat ~ &noa-rpocp1j -roo .

"0-rav OflWS 6 Xpw-ros a-:ao~ -ro IIavayw Aifla Too nou y_o "';l

-ro-rE xat a-ro E:s~s , 6 a-raopo; i-yta al>fl~oAo v-rpon~<; , E:vw 1.0/ · XccXpYJaav VeX 1tE8cXVOOV 7ta ~w G'7 'tOUaE 'tO npOVOfllO au-ro. 8s<u, aav noM -roxEpo , onw<; yta I.a. optac; , ot :Anoa-roAOt -rou Xp~G-:'

- . ave:!;ap"'CYJ.w-:s at ota. axono nou

- "4:; 'Op8ooo--:a te:<; xa[ otv

: atno "tO "te:- . aoov (E:vvow

oualV cdnii~ »

:x f._ouv nAavrJ8e:i: • f~ouv va npo

JrJ. "Oflwc; OAOt ~., :; ·ExxAYJOtac;, :: -:poxe:t"tat va

zs-:a OXAYJp~ yta ; . :-\. . -:€ va xpuljJouv

T"- ""';OS 6 L:a"t<XVCX<;, GWI.cX "'COU<; O"'CO

-; -: oG:; ·opeooo!;ouc; c;;:a8ouv va npo-

;.. f~ouv xavtva ot~ .~tJ :; OOYJyouv a~v

: :; :: :\lat E:nnaAflE -: -a-:a!;~ "touc;. To - . ":S"t"Ot<X va av"tt-oo~{a:; aXOfl<X E:m.OU'J ma"touc; nou

-:o6;rov oi 'Iavvii~ - Xa! OUTOl av(){ara-- =- 0! -:6v VOUV, ao6xt-- - i-: ( ni\.siov· ~ yap

_ i.%dvwv iyive:ro »

LE LXELH ME TON TIMIO LTAYPO

IIPOTEL:TANTHL:: Ta E:mxe:tp~fla•a aac; axe:•txa flE "tt<; te:ptc; dxove:c;, E:mxpa•rJaav wme: va flE ndaouv yta ~ XPYJOtflO"tYJ"tcX •ouc; , xa[ napaotxoflat O'tt nptne:t va couc; t'moo[oouf1e: ae:~aaflo. 'AJ..J..a yta no to Myo npoao[oe:ce: arJfl<Xa[a O"'CO OYJflELO 'LOU maupou xa[ "'COU cmootOE'tE 8da ouV<Xfl"YJ , O't<XV flcXAta"t<X OUflcpwva flE ~v IIaAata t.w8~XYJ , ~'!<XV Eva xacapafltvo xoflflcX'tt !;uJ..o ;

0 P00 LlO 30 L:: L:uflcpWV<X flE ~v IIaA<XtcX t.ta8~XYJ, xaetvac; 1LOU XpEfltO't<XV 1tcXVW 0'!0 O't<XUpo 8e:wpouv"t<XV X<X't<Xp<XflEVO<; , oxt E:s at'ttac; cou acaupou , at..J..a E:s atc£ac; •wv &flap'ttwv cou. IIoto dvat co OUfl7tEp<Xafl<X; ' Hcav 6 Xptacoc; xacap<XflEVO<;; Toce: yta'tt •o !;uJ..o cou acaupou 8e:wpouvcav X<X't<Xp<XflEVO; ' Hc<XV fl~1LW<; yt<X'tt dxe: OX~fl<X O't<XUpOU , ~ fl~-1LW<; E:ne:to~ E:yxAYJfl<X'ttE<; xa[ xaxoupyot xpEfltOvcav a' auco; L:acpwc; , co oe:u•e:po auf1ntpaaf1<X ano"tEAEi ~v aAYJ8tv~ E:!;~Y'lJO'lJ. fta'tt 'tO !;uAo <XU'!O xa8' <XU'!O ee:wpOUV't<XV X<X"t<Xp<Xfl.Evo fl.OVO E7tEtO~ 1tcXVW a' <XU'!O xpEflOUO<XV E:yXAYJfl<X'ttE<; xa[

xaxoupyouc; ~ fl.CXAAOV , fl.OVO E:s' <Xt'tt<X<; 'LOU yqovococ; , O'tt ~'!<XV 'tO e8tfl0 VeX 'tO XPYJatfl01tOtOUV flE axono VeX EX'!EAOUV E:yxAYJfl<X'ttE<; xa[ xaxoupyouc; , xa[ a~v 6no[a XP~OYJ ocpdAE't<Xt ~ U7LOO"tp0cp~ 'LOU .

"O•av OflWS 6 Xptacoc; O"'Caupw8Y]XE a' <XU"'CO , "'CO ay[aaE flE 'tO IIavayta Aifl<X Tau 1LOU xu8Y]XE 1tcXVW O"'CO O't<XUpo. 'A no

'tO'tE X <XL O"'CO E:!;~c; , 6 O't<XUpoc; eytve: OUfl~OAO ~<; 06!;ac; an[ yta aufl~OAo vcpon~c; , E:vw no /..Ate; XtAtaoe:c; Mapcupwv AaX'tcXP'lJO<XV VeX 7LE8avouv 1tcXVW 0'!0 O't<XUpo. Xt 01t0 we; a nat"tOUOE 'tO npOVOfltO <XU'!O , 8e:wpouvcav xa[ "'COV auvtxatpav aav noM 'LUXE PO , on we; yta napaoe:tyfla 6 Iltcpoc; xa[ 6 'A v

optac; , ot 'AnomoAot cou Xptacou.

43

OI KINEZOI OP80~030I IIPOTO MAPTYPE~

(Mcrarppaau; ix T"ii~ :AyyAtx"ii~· 'Ex mu rrc:pwotxou T"ii~ 'Emaxorr"ii~ Bop. :A(.lc:ptx"ii~ «The True Vine», Roslindale, MA, No 8, Winter 1991)'

H ' av6:n:-ru!;tc; '!WV tOEWV '!OU av8pwmaf!OU XCXL -r6: U\j>'YJA6: tm-rEuyf!a-rcx -rou n:oA.t-rwf!ou , tcpcxivE-ro n:wc; eO: en:pEn:E

v6: exouv xcx-rcxpy{JaEt EV'!EAwc; -ric; cpptXCXAEO'!'YJ'!ES '!OU MEacxiwvoc; ' XCXL v6: exouv xa-rcxa~aEt tXOUVCX'!OV ~v ETI:CXV6:A'Yj\)>tv Tijc; vux-r6c; -rou 'A yiou Bcxp8oAOf!CXLOU2

• Kai Of!WS, f!LCX -rt-

1. 'H ava xe:tpac; J..lE'taq:>pao~c; de; -d]v EAAYjV~X~V E:ytvE E:x 'LOU 1\yyA~XOU xE~Iltvou , -r6 (motov EOYJJ..lOOLEu8YJ de; -r6 7tEpwo~x6v «'H ':AJ..l7tEAoc; 'H AAYj8~v~ » [(THE TRUE VINE) P6oA~v-rEYJA Maooaxouot-rYJ , XE~!lwv 1991' 1\p~e!l6c; 8 ' OEAtoEc; . 42-49] xa-r' ava-ru7tWOtv' xa-r6mv -rijc; EUyEvouc; aodac; -rou E:x06-rou, E:x -rou 7tEpwo ~xou 'Op86oo~oc; Zw~ [(ORTHODOX LIFE) 'Iopoavou7toA~c; . Nta 'Y6pxYJ , T6J..loc; 29 , 1\p~elloc; 1, 'Iavouapwc;E~pouapwc; 1979 , oEAtoEc; 14-18] o1tou E:owomEu8YJ xa-ra 7tpw-rov. ME-rEq:>paaeYJ E:x -rijc; Pwmx~c; t'm6 M~xa~A 'AJ..lEhotvua . 'APX~x~ 7tYJn: K~vE1;~x6c; K~pu~ (CHINESE HERALD) 'Iouvwc; 1935. Ol U7tOOYJ!lE~woE~c; , u7ta(JXouv xa( de; -ro 7tpw-r6-ru7tov .

2. :Erpan -rijc; Nux-roc; -rou 'Ayiou Bap8oAoJ..latou: :Erpan -rwv IIpo-rEo-rav-rwv ~ 61tota ~Px~oE -d]v 7tapaJ..lo~v -rijc; ~J..lEpac; -rou 'Ay(ou BapBoAOJ..latou , 24 Auyouo-rou 15 72. ~~E-raxBYJ u1t6 -rou ~amAtwc; -r~c; faA)..(ac; Kap6Aou -rou 9ou , xa-ra 7tapaxtVYJOLV -rijc; ~amAOJ..l~-ropoc; ALxa-rEptvY)c; 'LWV MEotxwv. Ol U7tOAOYWJ..lOl we; 7tpoc; -r6v ap~BJ..lOV 'LWV euJ..la'tWV de; 6A6xAYJpov -r~v faAf-(av 7to~x(Af-ouv ouJ..lq:>wvwc; 7tpoc; -r~v 6J..lOAoywx~v -ro7to8t-rYjmv - E:vac; PwJ..lawxaBoA~xoc; Mywc; 6 T1;~v N6~~ v-rE Ka~t~pax (JEAN NOVI DE CAVEIRAC) U7tEAOYWE 1twc; E:orpayYjoav J..lOVOV 2.000 , E:vw 6 ourxpovoc; Ot'JyEvo-roc; ~ou~ -rijc; :EaA"-YJc; (HUGUENOT DUC DE SULLY) avE~t~aoE 'LOV ap~eJ..lOV 'LWV VExpwv J..lEXP~c; 70.000.

44

-rota acpcxy{J , I::Aa~E n:p6:yf!a-: •. z apx~v CXU'!OU '!OU a twvoc; . T 6: 86oo!;ot Ot 6n:Ot0t tXTI:EOZtSCX' ~

-r6:c; '!OU 'I'YJGOU Xpta'!OU Y. CX'. :-;.6:( ~E xwpcxv xcx-r6: ~v «El;ty~pU'.

~uo CXU'!OTl'!CXt f16:p-rup~s au-: 6 1\pXtf!CXVOpt'!'YJS (apy6-r~po ~yt-r'YJc; Tijc; 'Op8o061;ou 'Ezi'J"' Ih:xivov xcxi 6 1\pxtf!avop£7Yj; : auyxtV'Yj'!tX~V tX(/)~Y'YJGLV Y.CX~ -: apxnwv EX '!WV f!CXp-rupW'I. ·o TI:Epttypm)>Ev we; ts~c; CX U7Yj ~ -:Y:

«'H ~f!Epa xcx-r6: ~v 6r:o~cr pat 'Op86oo!;m Ktvssat. w ; -:o 19004

•

3. M7to~Epc; : To 1898 xa( 1 a[av -rijc; ~pac; (xAYJ(JOVOJ..lOU Alr.oz BE~av va 7t(JOO'ta'tEUOYj 'tO ~au~tO ava~tWOLV -r~c; Eevoq:>uAax~c; -wv ;: hwpE~wv d~A8ov d e; au-rae; -:a; c J..luo-r~xa( E-ra~pEtm htAouv J..lll07 1twc; J..lEOW a tnwv 8a E:ytvovro ir: E:voE~~~c; 1twc; al -rEAE-roupy£at a~ o « M7tO~Epc; », xaewc; -roue; OVOJ..Lacroc Ztou Zt-r1;ou. Kpauya1;ov-rEc; au Ati. ~ pav , xa-rao-rpttjJa-rE -roue; aAAooa;:ou; -roue; E:v-ro7ttouc; K~vt1;ouc; Xpto-:~ro

Nwptc; -rov Iouvwv -rou 1900. J..lta a· Eupwmiixwv OUVaJ..lEWV va U7:0cr-:"'

de; 'tO IlEXtVOV , E:m~apUVE -d]v Z!X-:Gt

-rtAa~ov -ra rppoup~a Taxou ota -a vov xa[ T~Ev-ra[v , ~ au-roxpa-:s~ o.z oa1tot. ToJ..laxEAAE ~o -ro 61toio, ;:sf>!=-7tAWJ..la-rwv xa( tEpa7tOO'tOAWV <'.au. E:"

4. Eueuc; alltawc; J..lELa -ro J..L<X{J':'! E:orpay~ao8Yjoav u7to -rwv ~1 r.o~sp; • ay(ouc; ol67tOt0t E:owaav -d]v _wr -:r

- -= .':>O!xov Tii~ 'Emaxorrij~ . L-L, o 8, Winter 1991)'

- -: ~OflOU xa..[ -rei ut!J"YJAcX .~·~~~o nwc; 8<i E:npe:ne:

.·-:a..Ae:O-r"Yj-re:c; -rou Me:~ • 1a..-rov n]v tna..vaA"Yj

~~·---.._......A.Ju·. Ka..£ OflWS, fl. La -rt-

• .'-']v E:ytve: f:x -rou 'Ayyf..t-- -~ .ootx6v «'H ''Af.LTCEAoc; 'H

-taaaaxouaE-rYJ, Xe:q.H.0v ~·~- xa-r6mv Tijc; e:uye:vouc;

' ~oc; Zw~ [(ORTHODOX :-\.pt6!l6c; 1, 'Iexvouapwc;.lOOte:u6YJ xex-ra 11:pw-rov. ~~-OEVUex. 'ApXtX~ TIYJn: .n:; 1935. m UTIOOYJ!lEtw-

#.o11 ex£ou: Lcpexn -rwv ITpo~:; ~!lE'pexc; -rou 'Ay(ou Bexp

-:o ~ou ~exmf..twc; Tijc; fexf..-...;;:; j<XatAO!l~opoc; Aixex-re:p(

ci{Jt6!l6v 1"WV 6u!la1"WV de; --~~~· ....,· :; r:p6c; -r~v O!lOAoytexx~v

~~v N6~t vee: Kex~Etpexx -: - :; iacpayYjaexv !lOVOV 2.000,

:; HuGUENOT DUC DE

-rota acpayr), E:A.a~e: np<iy[la'tt xwpa..v de; n]v K£va..v , xa..-r<i n]v apx~v a..t'nou 'tOU a..twvoc;. Ta 8U[l(J..'tcX TYJS ~aa..v Ktvtsot 'Opeooo!;ot ot 6noi:Ot antoe:t!;a..v tau-roue; Aa..f17tpouc; 6[lOAOy"Yj-r<ic; -rou 'I"Yjaou Xpta-rou xa..[ flcXp-rupa..c; ot' A6-rov. A6-ro E:A.a..~e: xwpa..v xa..-r<i n]v «s!;tye:patv -rwv Mno!;e:pc;»3 -ro 1900.

~uo au-ron-rat flcXp-rupe:c; a..6-rwv -rwv cpptxa..A.e:on]-rwv, ~aa..v 6 'Apxtfla..vop£-r"YJs (apyo-re:pov M"YJ-rponoA.£-r"YJs) 'Ivvoxtv-rwc; , ~YE't"YJS Ujc; 'Op8o06!;ou 'ExxA"Yjata..a-rtx~c; 'Anoa-roA.~c; de; -ro IIe:x[vov xa..£ 6 'Apxtfla..vop£-r"YJs 'A~pa..afltOS, 6 6noi:oc; E:ypa..t!Je: auyxtV"Yj'ttX~V acp~y"YjatV xa..[ 7t(J..V"Yjyuptxov, E7tl •Yi XOtfl~Oe:t

apxe:-rwv EX 'tWV [la..p-rupwv. '0 'Apxtfla..VOpl't"YJS 'I VVOXEV'ttOS ne:pttypa..t!Je:v we; ts~S a..un]v n]v <pptXWO"YJ WflO't"YJ'ta..:

«'H ~fltpa.. xa..-r<i n]v 6no£a..v Efla..p-rup"Yjaa..v ot ne:ptaao-re:pot 'Op8ooo!;ot Ktvtsm, de; -ro IIe:x£vov ~-ro ~ 11/24 Iouv[ou 19004

•

3. MTI61;e:pc;: T6 1898 xex( 1899 ~ Ktve:1;tx~ xu~EPVYJatc; u11:6 ~v ~ye:a(exv Tijc; ;olpexc; (xf..YJpov6!lou Au-roxpex-rdpexc; Tt;ouxm , de; !ltexv TipoTia-6e:texv va 7tp001"CX1"EUOYJ 1"0 ~exatAEtoV c'm6 !;tve:c; f:m6tae:tc; OtE-rexse: 1"~V O:vex~(watv -rijc; f:6vocpuAexxijc; 1"WV xwp(wv. Ta !lEAYJ O:pxe:-rwv !lU01"tXWV hextpEtWV d~A6ov de; exu-rac; -rae; O!laoexc; -riic; f:6vocpuAexxijc;. Au-rex( ext !lU01"tXext hextpe:lext f:cEAOUV !lU01"YJptwoe:tc; 1"EAE1"0upy(exc; xex( 7tt01"EUOV Tiwc; !lEOW exu-rwv 6a f:y(vov-ro ihpw-rot a-rae; acpex(pexc;. 'Y7tapxe:t xa6e: E:voe:t!;tc; 11:wc; ext -re:J..e:-roupytext ext 6Tioi:ext he:J..ouv-ro u11:6 exu-rwv , -rwv « MTI6!;e:pc;» , xex6wc; -roue; ov611exaexv ot EupwTiexi:ot, dxov oe:a11ouc; !lE -r6 Z(ou Zt-rt;ou. Kpexuyat;ov-re:c; auv6~!lex1"ex OTiwc; , «7tpoa-rex-re:uaex-re: ~v xwpexv, xex-rexa-rptl)Jex-re: -roue; O:Af..ooexTiouc;» , Ot MTI6!;e:pc; ~rxwexv va OtWXOUV -roue; f:v-coTI(ouc; Ktvtt;ouc; Xpw-rtexvouc; xex-ra -r6 cp6tv67twpo -rou 1899. Nwp(c; -r6v Iouvtov -rou 1900 , !ltex O:ve:m-rux~c; 0:TI6Tie:tpex -rwv 11e:yaf..wv Eupwmiixwv OUVa!lEWV va UTI001"YJpt!;ouv -ra U7tapxov-rex a-rpex1"EU!lex1"ex de; -r6l1e:x(vov, f:m~apuve: -r~v xex-raa-rexatv, xex( o-rexv ~v 17YJ 'Iouv(ou xex-1"EAex~ov -ra cppouptex Texxou Ota va O:vo(!;ouv 1"0V OPO!lOV 7tp6c; 1"0 l1e:x(vov xex( Tte:v-ra(v' ~ exu-roxpa-re:tpex OtE-rexse: OTiwc; acpexyouv OAOt Ot cXAAOoexTioL T6 !lexXEAAEt6 1"0 OTIOtOV m:ptEAex~e: !lEYaAOV O:pt6!16V L'lu-rtxwv OtTIAW!lex1"wV xex( te:pexTioa-r6J..wv f:auve:x(a6YJ !lEXPtc; O:pya -r6 1900.

4. Eu6uc; O:!ltawc; !le:-ra -r6 11exp-rupt6v -rwv, de; -roue; KLVtt;ouc; ot 611:oi:ot f:acpexytaa6YJaexv u11:6 -rwv MTI6!;e:pc; , aTie:066YJ ~ 1"t!l~ ~ 611:otex ixp!l61;e:t de; ay(ouc; Ot OTIOtOt E:owaexv ~v t;w~v 1"WV Ota ~v 'Ay(exv 'Op6ooo!;(exv. 'H 1"t-

45

Ka-ra Tijv n:pOYJYOUflEVYJV E:an:tpav E-rmxoxoAJ..~6YJaav n:poXYJpu~e:L<; xa-ra fl~XO<; -rwv oowv flE XA~mv n:p6<; -roue; dowAoAa-rpa<; va acpa~ouv XplO'!lavou<; , xat flE Tijv tXTI:ElA~V €:vav-rtov on:owuo~n:o-re: 6a EcOA[lOUae: va -rou<; n:apaaXEl xa-racpuywv.

Ka-ra -r~v vux-ra -r~<; 11/24 n:p6<; -r~v 12/25 'Iouvtou, ot Mn:6~e:p<; €:n:e:-rt6Yjaav €:vav-rtov Xpw-rwvLxwv OtXlWV flE ava[l[lEVOU<; oauAOU<; d<; OAE<; -rt<; n:e:pwxt<; -rou Ile:xtvou, auVEAa~ov -roue; a-ruxe:i<; Xpw-rwvou<; xat -roue; €:~aaavwav €:~avayxasov-re:<; au-roue; va apvYJ6ouv -r6v Xpla-r6v. Tpo[layflEVOl an:6 -ra ~aaavla'!'ijpla xat -r6v 6ava-rov , 7tOAAOt n:pay[la'!l apv~8Yjxav -r~v 'Op8ooo~tav Ola va awaouv -r~v sw~v -rwv xat E:xauaav 8u[lta!J.a !J.n:poa-ra d<; -ra dowAa. '1\.AJ..m O[lw<; WflOAOyY)aav flE 8appo<; -r6v XpLa-r6v fl~ cpo~OUflEVOt

-ra ~aaavw-r~pw. 'H -ruxYJ -roue; ~-ro -rpOflEP~- ot dowAoAiX-rpm -roue; avm~av -ra O'!OfltXXla , -roue; E:xotj>av -ra xe:cpaAm, -roue; E:xauaav swv-ravous a-ra an:t-rla -roue;.

ot E:pwve:c; n:p6<; avaxaJ..utj>w -rwv Xpla-rmvwv xat ~ acpan -rwv , €:auve:xta6Yj xa8' OAE<; -rt<; flE'!ETI:El'!a ~flEPES Dis €:~e:ytpae:w<;. Me:-ra -r~v xa-raa-rpocp~v -rwv otxLwv -rwv Xpla-rLavwv, ot 'CoWl WOYJn8Yjaav E~W an:6 -rae; 1tUAa<; Dis 7tOAEws d<; -roue; dowAoAa-rplxou<; vaou<; -rwv Mn:6~e:p<;, xat €:6umaa6Yjaav d<; n:upa<;.

L:uflcpwvw<; n:p6<; -rae; !J.ap-rupta<; dowAoAa-rpwv ot on:oiol ~aav au-r6n:-rm !J.ap-rupe:c;, apxc:-rot an:6 -roue; 'Op8o06~ou<; Xpw-rlavous, tXV'!lflE'!Wmaav -r6v eava-ro flE xa-raTI:AYjX'!lX~V au-ran:apVYjalV. '0 IlauAo<; Ouav ' E:vas 'Op86oo~os xacY)XYJ-

f.trrnx~ -cwv npoaxuvYJot<; tvc:xpWYJ uno Dis 'Jc:piX<; L:uvooou Dis Pwatx~<; 'ExXAYJOl<X<; , ~ 6no(a cmEcpaatOEV OTIW<; ~ flV~flYJ "tWV Ktvltl;wv fl<Xp-cupwv -cEki-cat we; axof..ou6w<; : ~v 10/23 'louv(ou ( ~v ~flEpav -cou f.tap-cup(ou -cwv) , va -cEAEl"tat AEt-coupy(a unltp -cwv flE"t<Xo-cav-cwv xa[ ~v npoYJyou-flEvYJV EOTIEpav , TIA~PYJ<; navvux[s; ot' «O AOU<; -coos; ~aoavta61tv-cas; xa( ocpaytao60:v-cas; clta -c~v 'Ay(av 'Op6ooo~ov IHo-ctv»· -c~v ETIOflEVYJV ~flE· pav , xa( xa-ca "t~V EOTIEpav ~ 6no[a npOYJYEl"tat auTijs; , OAOVUX"ttO<; aypunv[a , "tWV 6no[wv -ca XELflEVIX "tWV axoAou6twv va A<Xfl~cXVOV"tat CxTIO "t~V axof..ou6(av "COU rc:vtxou MYJV <X LOU ot' apxc:-cous; flcXp-cupas;.

46

Tils , n:t8ave: flE npoawxi;'' =: ~ :; oaaxaALaaa d<; -r6 axoAs~O'J . -cpoptc;.

T~v n:pw-rYJv cpopav. o~ . Ii: xat Tijv E:pltj>av d<; -r6 eoac;>o~

-rae; ata8~ae:L<; cYJ<; , E:vac; a;:o ~xouae: -ra ~oyyY)-ra ' YJS Y.a~ . "O[lw<; , flEe' 6J..tyov ot ~l;:o~=:p~

au-r~v -r~v cpopav Tijv E:~aaa.

ouo cpoptc; ~ "Ia Outv !J.e:-:a -~

€:vwmov -rwv ~aaavw-rwv -:Tj :; . Me:-ra -ra cpplx-ra ye:yovo-:a

Xpw-rLavot e:op~xav E:va o Y.-:a~

Tst5, ut6v tv6s !J.ap-rup~aa ,r-:o:

vwowc; axpwnJplcw8~ oT-6 -: . -roue; ~paxtovas xat E:cpe:ps (3a : "0-rav au-rot ot KLvssm -r6 ~p .

an:~V'!YJOE flE xa!J.6ye:Ao r w:; o: ola Xpla-r6v. 1\py6-re:pa , o~ . ~ au-r6v -r6v 7talOO[lap-rupa Y.a: xatyov-ra<; -ra J..dtj>ava -rou s ~ :;

1\n6 -roue; Kwtsous !J.afJ.Up a-rou, 6 te:pe:uc; MYJ-rpocpavrj :; T -rou dvm tolm-rtpw<; ovo[laa-:c

'0 te:pe:us M YJ-rpocpavY)c; . -:o · ~-ro Tat - Taavyx , €:ye:wf,8rj --:i. ae: -r6v n:a-rtpa -rou vwpt<; . Y.a-:a ave:-rpacpYj on:6 Tijv cppov-~oa · xat Dis !J.YJ-rp6<; -rou Map[vrj:; . ·

5. Au-co dvat «co ox-ca c:-.t::; ay~ OTIOlO<; Efl<XpcUpYJOEV » , xa6w::; avaO" 6c:wpouv nws; -co vc:oyltwrrro .-:a ~a~ -ox-cw E"tWV xa-ca -cov KtvE1;tJ(Q11 u;:o unof..oytaflOV -cwv t.u-ctxwv.

~-:o~xoxoAA~8Yjaexv n:po- _;. ya~v n:p6c; 1:ouc; dowAo

.... ~ 7f)v an:e:tA~v 2vexn£ov - ; -:expaaxe:t xex1:excpuywv.

; -:iJ ~ 12/25 'Iouv£ou, ot W7WVlXWV otxtwv f.LE

-- -=: ~oxtc; 1:00 lle:x£vou , au.; zex[ couc; z~exaavwexv

- -:6v Xpw1:6v. Tpof.Lexya~excov,n:oAAo[n:pay

. :i 'JcX OWOOUV 't~V SW~V - ~~; 1:a dowAex. 'AAJ..m

• - ~070V f.L~ cpo~OUf.LE:VOl

-:pof.Le:p~. 0L dowAo.):; E:xol)Jexv 1:a xe:cpaAtex, -:ouc; .

. - ~O'ttexvwv xex£ ~ acpex=--~-=~t·w ~f.Lspe:c; ~<; zse:

-:wv otxtwv 1:wv Xpt--:6 -:ac; n:uAex<; ~<; n:6Ae:-

; -:w•, :\In:6!;e:pc;, xex£ Eeu-

: : :&>i..oAexcpwv ot on:oi:m f.c ;:o ·roue; 'Op8o06!;ouc;

-:o f.LS Xex'tex1tAYjX'tlX~V - ~; 'Op86oo!;oc; xexcYJXYJ-

: ;XI :; ~uv6oou Tijc; Pwmx'ijc; -"i -:wv Ktv0:1;wv f.tap-rupwv -:-- .;.;.ttpav -rou f.tap-rup(ou -:::x r:wv xat n]v 7tpoYjyou-; -:ou:; ~acravtcr60:vcac; xa( ~ -:. •· n]v E7tOflEVYjV ~f.I.E

•-:lj:;. 6/..ovux-rwc; ixypui,Cifl~cXVOV'tat Cx1t0 't~V

!i{r:upac;.

-ole;, n:t8exve: f.LE n:poae:ux~v de; 1:a xe:C\Yj 1:00. 'H "lex Outv , otoexaxaAwaex de; 1:0 axoAe:i:ov 1:~<; CX1tOO'tOA~<;, E~exaexv£a8Yj ouo cpoptc; .

T~v n:pU:nY)v cpopav , ot M n:61;e:pc; -olv zn:A~ywaexv avY)Ae:wc; xex£ -olv eptl)Jexv de; 1:0 eoexcpoc; ~f.Lt8exv~. UOcexv E1texVSX'!YjOE: ca<; exta8~ae:t<; cYJ<; , svexc; an:6 1:ouc; dowAoAacpexc; cppoupouc; ~xouae: 1:a ~OYYYJ'tcX cYJ<; xex£ -olv zn:~pe: de; -olv xexM~YJV 1:00. "Of.Lw<;, f.LE:'t' oA£yov ot M n:61;e:pc; -olv auvsAex~ov xex£ 1tcXAW xex£ exu1:~v 1:~v cpopav 1:~v z~exaavwexv f.LEXPt 8exva1:ou. Kex£ 1:£<; ouo cpoptc; ~ "lex Outv f.LE:'tcX xexpiic; Wf.LOAOYYJOE: '!OV XpW'tOV EVWmOV '!WV ~exaexVW'tWV 1:Yj<; .

Me:1:a 1:a cpptxca ye:yov61:ex ~<; n:pwcYJ<; vux1:6<;, ot Kwtsm Xpwctexvo£ e:up~xexv svex OX'texE:'tE<; ay6pt, '!OV 'I~av ('IwavvYj) Ts£5

, ut6v tv6c; f.Lexpcup~aexvcoc; te:ptwc; , 1:0 on:oi:ov e:Ixe: X'!Yjvwowc; axpwcYjpwa8~ un:6 1:wv M n:61;e:pc;. Too an:txol)Jexv '!OU<; ~pexx£ovexc; xex£ ecpe:pe: ~ex8e:ts<; 7tAYjytc; de; 1:6 a~8o<; 1:00. UOcexv exU'!Ol ot Kwtsot 1:0 ~pW'tYjOexv EcXV n:ovooae:, 1:0 ay6pt cX1t~V'tYjOE: f.LS xexf.L6ye:Ao n:wc; otv ~1:0 OUOXOAOV VeX un:ocptpe:t ota Xptacov. :Apy61:e:pex, ot M n:61;e:pc;, auvtAex~ov xex£ n:aAtv exU'tOV '!OV 1tCXlOOf.LcXP1:Upex xex£ 'tOO an:txol)Jexv 't~V xe:cpexA~V xex£yov1:exc; 1:a Adlj;exva 1:ou de; f.L£exv f.LE:YcXAYJV n:upav .. . ».

:An:6 1:ouc; Ktvssouc; f.LcXpcupexc; xex£ Of.LOAOYYJccX<; 1:oo Xptacoo , 6 te:pe:uc; MYJcpocpavY)<; Tm - Taavyx xex£ ~ otxoytve:ta 1:ou e:Ivm totmcspwc; ovof.Lexaco£.

'O te:pe:uc; M YJcpocpavYJc;, 1:oo on:o£ou 1:6 Ktve:stx6 ovof.Lex ~'tO Ta£- Taavyx , 2ye:vv~8Yj -olv 10/23 ~e:xe:f.L~p£ou 1855 , exexae: '!OV 1tex1:spex '!OU vwp£<; , Xex'tcX nlV 1tCXlOlX~V '!OU ~Atx£exv, xex£ ave:cpcX(j)Yj U1t0 -olv cppovc£oex 1:~<; f.LcXf.Lf.LYj<; '!OU Atxexce:plVYj<; xex£ ~<; f.LYjcp6c; 1:00 Mexp£vYj<;, ~ on:o£ex ~'tO otoexaxaAtaaex de;

5. Aln6 dvm «-r6 ox-rae:-rtc; ixy6pt, 6 'I~av T1;t, 6 ul6c; -rou le:ptwc; 6 6noioc; Ef.tap-rupYJcrEv», xa6wc; ixvwptpnat ixvw-rtpw. 'E7te:to~ ol Ktv0:1;ot 6e:wpouv 1tw<; -r6 ve:oyO:vvYJ-ro 7tatot dvat tv6c; E-rouc;, 6a E:7tpE7tE va ~-ro ox-rw bwv xa-ra -r6v KtvE1;tx6v l>7tOAOYtaflOV' xa( tma E'tWV xa-ra -r6v (mot..oywf.1-6v -rwv L'lu-rtxwv.

47

Eva axof...Ei:ov c>ta xopt-rma. Twpa xa-r' E:xEi:vov -r6v xatp6v EOOXL[J.Ct.SE fJ.EYcXAYJV AU7t'YJV.

"0-ra.v 6 :ApxtfJ.avopt-rYJc; IIaf...f...aowc; ~-ro E:mxE<paf...~c; Tijc; LEpet.7tOO'!OA~c; ota OEU'!Epav cpopav' EOWOEV EV'!OA~V de; '!OV otoaoxaA6v '!OU' Aouyx (Aouxa) rwuav' VeX OLOcXS'YJ '!OV MYJ-rpo<pcXVYJV [J.E totat-rspav npoaox~v, va -r6v hot[J.cXOYJ ota va oEX8~ -r~v iEpwauVYJV -r~v xa-raAAYJAOV a-rty{J.~V. Ilptv ytvEt ~ALXtac; dxom E:-rwv EOLOpto8YJ de; ~v etaYJV '!OU XCt.'!'YJX'YJ'!OU. '0 MYJ-rpocpav'Y)c; ~·o dpYJVO<ptAoc; xat ~auxoc; ' aXO[J.'YJ xat O'!Ct.V '!OV npoat~a.Aet.V ~apt we;' OUOE7tO'!E E7tEOLWSE va OLXatw8~.

'0 otaooxoc; '!OU :ApxtfJ.Ct.VOpt'!OU IIaf...AaotOU ~·o 6 :Apxt[J.Ct.Voph'Y)c; <l>f...a~tav6c; , 6 6noi:oc; fJ.E'!E7tEt-ra ~-ro MYJ-rponof...(•YJc; Ktt~ou. M6f...tc; E:cp8aaEv de; -r6 IIExtvov, 6 :ApxtfJ.avopt-rYJc; IIaf...Aaowc; -r6v E:nEcp6p-rtaE, xa8wc; dxEv E:mcpop-rtaEt xat -r6v otoaoxaAOV Aouyx rwuav' VeX ~OYJ8~0'YJ '!OV MYJ-rpo<pcXVYJV VeX E:m-ruxYJ -r6v npoopta{J.6v -rou (oYJAao~ ~v iEpwauvYJv).

'0 MYJ-rpo<pcXVYJc; otv E:m8U[J.OUOE VeX AcX~'YJ '!0 a!;tW{J.Ct. '!OU tEptwc; xat ouvExwc; ~pvEi:-ro Atywv: «Ilwc; ~fJ.7tOpEi: Evac; &v8pwnoc; [J.E OALY'YJV LXCt.VO'!'YJ'!Ct. xat apE~V VeX '!OA[J.~O'YJ VeX avet.AcX~YJ al.n6 '!0 fJ.EYcXAO a!;tW[J.Ct. ;». "O[J.wc; mEsO[J.EVOc; U7t0 '!OU :ApxtfJ.Ct.Vopt'!OU <l>Aa~tavou xa( 7tEt80[J.EVOc; U7t0 '!OU otoaoxaf...ou '!OU ouyxa'!E'!E8YJ, av xat E:yvwptsE nwc; acpou 8a EOEXE'!O ~v LEpWOUVYJV '!0 -rtf...oc; '!OU otv ea ~·o EUXcXPLO'!OV. Kat f...om6v, de; ~f...txtav dxoot ninE E:-rwv EXEtpo-rov~8YJ tEpEuc; uno -roo 'Emox6nou 'Ianwvtac; Ntx6f...aou (Kaoa-rxtv)6

•

6. '0 ETitoxoTioc; 'Ia1twv£ac; NLx6Acxoc;: '0 'I~av Kcxcra-rxLv tyc:vv~BYJ -r6 1836 de; -r6 xwp(ov M7tEptoo~o , a~v 1tEpwx~v -rou LflOAEVOX , u16c; -rou tm-roTI1ou owx6vou. 1\.cpou hEAdwoE -rae; oTiouoac; -rou o-r6 aEflLvapwv

-rou LflOAtvax daljABE a-r~v Gc:oAoyLx~v 1\.xcxoYjfltcxv Tijc; 'Ay£ac; IlE-rpouTIOAEwc; TIEpa-rwcrcxc; ~v cpo£-rYjmv -r6 1860. Etc; ~ALx1cxv dxom -rmoapwv hwv txapYJ flOvcxx6c; Acx~wv -r6 ovowx N Lx6Acxoc;. Luv-r6[J.wc; flE<a , EXELpo-rov~BYj tEpooLaxovoc; xcx( tEpOflOVCXXOc;. Kcx-ra ~v oLapxELCXV UTIYjpEcrwxljc; TIEpwodcxc; a-r~v LL~Yjptcxv, 6 vwp6c; 1c:paTI6cr-roAoc; EUAo~BYJ 11:poowmxwc; t'm6 -rou 'Emox6Tiou 'IvvoxEv-rtou (Bc:vLcxfl1vwcp) Tijc; Kcx[l-rmaxcxc; (flELETIEL-rcx MYJ1:po7toA1-rou M6crxcxc;, rcpocrcpa-rwc; avcxxYJpuxBt-

48

Ka-ra ~v otapxEtav Tijc; 8YJ--=~~o ~tavou, 6 Ila~p MYJ-rpocpavYJ:; u::~v [J.E-racppaotv xat -runoypac,:>~z

ytxwv ~L~ALWV. Ka-ra ~v otapz~~ '!'YJOE aXet.'!Ct.7tet.UO'tWc; 'tOV 0so•,.

v-roc; ixy(ou, &11:6 -r6 IIa-rpLapxc:i:ov ~; .·' 1c:pof16vaxoc; NLx6Aaoc; towp1o!hj a-::V-- • A~v a~v 'Ia1twv£av. '0 vwp6c; xArjp!.Xo:; EX[laB~oc:wc; Tijc; TIOAUTIAOxou 'la;: w .x: YrrO OE 6EOYj va 7tpOOYjAU'!tOYj apxc::ov.:; 6 Tia~p NLx6Aaoc; 7tpo~xBYJ a-r6v ~a ,... 06Yj EmXE(j)aA~c; Tiic; VEWO'!l OLOp)'(l'.l(,} :: IIc:pLooO-rc:pw ~aTILtoc:Lc; ETiaxoAoutt:."'~ -rp6c; NLXOAaOU, ~rxwav va OLao(OoU'./7 flOV, 6 67totoc; Et;Yjytp6Yj EVav-r(ov 'W'J.

Ou-rw xa-ra -r6 1878 apxc:·ro£ C:v:o;-: 6Yjaav at;wL 7tp6c; XELpo-rov(av . T6 1 -;9 vw6Yj we; ETILOXOTI~ xa( 6 Ila~p -- !.XOE7ttOX07tO<; auTijc;. 1\.71:6 '!O'!E 6 aptBi.lO:; '!0 hoc; xa-ra flEOOV opov ou-rwc; w~ l 11:wv£av 7tEpt7tOU 32.000 tv-r6mot 'Opt 1c:pc:i:c;, ETI-ra oLaxovoL xa£ txa-r6v ;-:-. .

mtoc:Lc; -rou Pwao·caTIWVLxou TIOAEflOU. o VE a~v etmv -rou . 7tpocrTia6wv-rac; Ot<X • -~ 'ExXAYjota otv ava[J.LyvuELaL OTij'l ;-:o xa-rc:~A~BYJ oLa ~v flE-racppamv -.wv :\ AouBLwv a-r~v 'IaTiwvLx~v xa-ra 711'• aTio-rEAouv ~v ~amv Tijc; Aa-rpdac; ~:; Q

viae; (a~v 61to£av t066Yj «au-roVOflta . · -r6 1970). T6 1911 , ~ TIEVLYjxocr-nj £;-.zox6Tiou NLxoAaou a-r~v 'Ia1twv\av i:op: -rae; ouvaflc:Lc; -rou.

T~v 7Yj 'Iavouap(ou 1912, t-rt~m: • -ra(av cpopav, xa( axc:oov EVa flljva ilpv . avc:TiauBYJ a-r6 Noaoxo[J.Ei:ov -rou A......: o-ramc; o-ra XELAYJ -rou. 'H tm~osw:; a X~V , 7tapouo(a '!Epao-r(ou apL6flOU i:r: Tijc; 'IcmwvLxljc; xu~Epv~oc:wc; b:s:pa •. O'!OAOU Tijc; 'IaTiwv[ac;» va -racplj 6i.f'v]

. Twpcx xcx""C' E:xe:i:vov ""C6v xmp6v

llcxAA.aows ~""Co E:mxe:cpcxA.~s -riis cpopav , E:owae:v E:noA.~v ds ""C6v

ftouav, va otoa!;YJ ""COV MYJtv-. . .-., ... v-n, ' va "'COV E"'CotflcXOYJ ota va

CX~cXAAYJAOV O"t"tYfl~V. llp(v y(ve:t , d <; nlV 8EOYJV "'COU XCX"t"YJXYJ"'COU.

_- o:; XCXL ~auxos ' aXOflYJ XCXL (hcxv ' s;;:me: E:ne:otw!;e: va otxcxtw8~.

llcxAA.cxoCou ~""Co 6 Apxt~o:; flE"'CE1tEt""Ccx ~""Co MYJ""CponoA.(

;:::; ~6 lle:x(vov , 6 ApxtflCXVopt"t"YJS _a6ws dxe:v E:mcpop""Ctae:t xcxC ""C6v 1J. i3oYJ8~0YJ "'COV M YJ"'CpO<pcXVYJV va OljACXo~ -olv te:pwaUVYJV).

va A.<iPYJ ""CO a!;twflcx "'COU - qwv: «llws ~flnope:i: E:vcxs

xcxt ape:-olv va "t"OAfl~OYJ va a :». "Oflws md;;6f1e:vos un6 za~ Te:t80flEVO<; U1t0 "'COU otza( E:yvwptse: nw<; acpou 8a

:; "':OU OEV 8a ~"'CO e:uxapta"'COV. - s-.r:s hwv E:xe:tpo""Cov~8YJ te:

.a:; ~tXOACXOU (Kcxaa"t"Xtv)6•

~ : ·o Wav Kaaa-rxtv E:ye:vv~e'YJ -ro -:: .nyj;v -rou L!loMvax , uLoc; -rou

:; cr.ouoac; -rou a-ro ae:lltvapwv -. ·wo'Y]!ltav tijc; 1\ y£ac; Ile:-rpou

E:; ~A.tx£av e:'lxoat -re:aaapwv · .aoc;. Luv-ro!lwc; lle:-ra , E:xe:tKa~a ~v otapxe:wv UTI'Y]pe:

:; l. e:pa11:oa-roA.oc; e:uA.one'YJ .,. .:ou (B e:vt<X!l tvw<p) tijc; Ka!l~:;. -:poa<pa-rwc; avax'Y]puxet-

Kcx""Ca -olv otapxe:wv -riis 8Yj"'CELCX<; "'COU Apxq.J.cxvopt"'COU A.cxPtcxvou , 6 llcx-olp MYJ""CpocpavYJ<; UrrYJpE""CYJae:v ws PoYJ86<; ""Cou ds -olv flE"'CcX<ppcxatv XCXL "'CU1toypcx<ptx~v ot6p8watv "'CWV AEt"'COUpytxwv PtPA.Cwv. Kcx""Ca -olv otapxe:tcxv OEXCX1tEV"'CE E"'CWV U1tYJpE"'CYJOE axcx""Ccxncxumws ""Cov ee:ov , unofltvwv noAA.~v aotxCcxv

v-roc; ay£ou , aTio -ro Ila-rptapxe:iov tijc; Moaxac;). Tov 'Iouvwv -rou 1861 6 tEPO!lOV<XXOc; NtxoA.aoc; E:owp£a6'Y] a~v Pwatx~v OtTIAW!l<X'ttX~V aTioa-roA~V a~v 'Ia11:wv£av. '0 ve:apoc; xA.'Y]ptxoc; av!fA.a~e: -ro ETitTiovov E:pyov tijc; E:x!la6~ae:wc; tijc; TIOAuTIMxou 'IaTiwvtx~c; yA.waa'Y]c; xa£ E:v-roc; ouo E:-rwv ~'tO at eta'Y] Vel TipOa'Y]AU'tta'Y] apxe:-rouc; a~v J\y£av 'Op6ooo~£av . To 1870 6 Tia~p NtxoA.aoc; 11:po~xe'YJ a-rov ~aellov -rou ixPXt!lavop£-rou xa£ E:owp£a6'Y] E:mxe:<paA.~c; tijc; ve:wa-r£ owpyavw6e:£a'Y]c; 'laTIWVtx~c; ' le:paTioa-roA.~c;.

Ile:ptaao-re:pat ~aTI-r£ae:tc; E:TiaxoA.ou6'Y]aav , xa6wc; ot 11:po~A.u-rot -rou Ila-rpoc; NtxoMou , ~PXtaav va otao£oouv ~v J\y£av II£a-rtv 11:apa -rov otwy!lOV , 6 6Tioioc; E:~'Y]ylfp6'Y] E:vav-r£ov -rwv .

Oihw X<X'tcl 'tO 1878 apxe:-ro( E:v-romot 'Op6ooo~Ot Xpta-rtavo£, E:~pE-6'Y]a<Xv li~tOt Tipoc; xe:tpo-rov£av. To 1879 ~ 'IaTIWVtX~ 'Ie:paTIOO'tOA~ wpyavw6'Y] we; E:maxoTI~ xa£ 6 Ila-r~p NtxoA.aoc; E:xe:tpo-rov~6'Y] we; 6 Tipw-roc; ETitaxoTioc; autijc; . 1\.Tio -ro-re: 6 apt6~-toc; -rwv ~aTI-r(ae:wv 'Y]U~~e'Y] de; XtAtac; 'tO £-roc; X<X'tcl ~Eaov opov oihwc; wa-re: X<X'tcl 'tO 1910 UTI~PXOV a~v 'IaTIWVt<XV TIE:ptTIOU 32.000 E:v-romot 'Op6ooo~Ot Xpta-rtavo£ , e:'txoat ox-rw Le:pe:ic; , E:TI-ra otaxovot xa£ E:xa-rov 11:e:v~xov-ra de; xa-r'YJx'YJ'aL Ilapa -rae; mtae:tc; -rou Pwao·(aTiwvtxou TIOAE~-tou , 6 'ETI£axoTioc; NtxoA.aoc; TI<XPE!le:tve: a~v 6!fatv -rou , TipoaTia6wv-rac; ota tijc; otaywnc; -rou va E:moe:£~'Y] 11:wc; ~ 'ExxA.'Y]ata otv ava~-ttyvue:-rat a~v 11:oA.mx~v . 'H TipoaTia6e:ta ~ 611:o£a xa-re:~A.~6'Y] Otcl ~v !lE'tcX<ppaatv -rwv 1\y(wv fpa<pwv X<Xt -rwv te:pwv axoA.ou6twv a-r~v 'IaTiwvtx~v xa-ra ~v otapxe:tav -r~c; E:maxoTie:£ac; -rou , cXTIO'tEAOUV ~v ~aatv tijc; A.a-rpe:£ac; tijc; a'Y]!lEptv~c; 'ExXA'Y]atac; -r~c; 'laTiwv£ac; (a~v 611:o£av E:066'Y] «au-rovollt<X» a11:o -ro Ila-rptaPXe:iov tijc; Moaxac; 'tO 1970) . To 1911' ~ TIE:V't'Y]XOa~ ETIE-re:wc; tiic; a<p£~e:wc; -rou 1\.pxte:maxoTIOU NtXOAclOU a~v 'IaTIWVt<XV E:op-raa6'Y] TI<XV'Y]yuptxwc; , Civ xa£ E:xave: -rae; ouvalle:tc; -rou .

T~v 7'Y] 'Iavouap(ou 1912 , E:-rtA.e:ae: ~v 0e:£av Ae:t-roupy£av ota -re:A.e:u-ra(av <popav , xa( axe:oov EV<X !l~V<X apyo-re:pov ~v 16'Y] e:~pouap(ou 1912 ave:Tiau6'Y] a-ro Noaoxo~-te:iov -rou 1\y(ou Ilve:ulla-roc; !lE ~v A.lf~tv 1\.vaa-raatc; a-ra Xe:iA'Y] -rou . 'H E:mx~oe:wc; axoA.ou6£a he:A.ta6'Y] a~v 'laTIWVtx~v , Tiapoua(a -re:paa-r£ou apt6!lOU EV'tOTitWV ma-rwv . ME dotx~v Cioe:tav tijc; 'IaTiwvtx~c; xu~e:pv~ae:wc; ETie:-rpcXTI'YJ oTiwc; -ro A.e:£\)Javov -rou «1\.Tioa-roA.ou tiic; 'IaTiwv(ac;» Vel -ra<p~ OAOXA'YJPOV av-r( Vel xafl.

49

XCXt XCXXOflE-rCXXdpYjmV (mo 'tOV ACXOV 'tOU xcxt ano -roue; E:t;w xcx£ -re:"A~xwc; xcx-rta-rYj xcx-ra -r~ acxA6c;. Me:-rtne:~-rcx E:sYlae: ne:pwao-re:pov a no -rptcx hYj E:x-roc; njc; te:pcxnoa-ro"A~c; ' ACXfl~cXvov-rcxc; -ro ~f.L~au -rou npoYjyouf.Ltvou f1ta8ou -rou. Kcx8' o"Aov 'tOV ~tOV 'tOU we; te:pe:uc; 6 ITcx-r~p MYj-rpocpavYjc; OEV ~'tO cp~Aapyupoc; XCXt 1tOAAOt 'tOV ESEflE'tCXAAe:U8YjOCXV we; npoc; CXU'tO 'tO S~'tYjflCX.

T~v E:antpcxv njc; 1/14 'Iouv(ou -rou 1900 ot Mnot;e:pc; xcx-rtxcxuacxv -ra x-rtp~cx njc; 'Ie:pcxnoa-ro"A~c; xcx( no"A"Aot Xp~m~cxvo( XpU7t't0f1EVO~ Cx1t0 -roue; X~VOUVOU<; -roue; 6no(ouc; av-rq.te:'tW1ttSOV auve:xe:v-rpw8Yjacxv de; Tljv mx(cxv -rou ITcx-rpoc; M Yj-rpocpavouc;. Twpcx f.LE-rcxt;u cxu-rwv ~acxv f1Ep~xo£ ot 6noiot ~acxv xcxxwc; otcx-re:8e:tf1EV0t npoc; 'tOV te:ptcx xcxt OflW<; au-roc; OEV -roue; Eo~wt;e:. 1\v-rtACXfl~CXVOf.LEVOc; nwc; flEptXOt ~acxv Atnol)Juxot -roue; Eowae: 8appoc; ' Atywv ' nwc; 6 xmpoc; njc; XCXxo-rux£cxc; dxe: cp8aae:t xcxt ea ~'tO OUOXOAOV va o~cxcpuyouv.

1\pxe:-rtc; cpoptc; xa8e: ~flEpcx E:n~ycxtve: E:t;w va XOt'tcXSYl 'tOV nupno"Au8tv-rcx vcxov. ~-rtc; 10 ~ wpcx -ro ~paou njc; 10/23 'Iouv(ou , a-rpcx-rtw-re:c; xcx( M not;e:pc; ne:pte:xux"Awacxv Tljv xcx-rotXtCXV 'tOU ncx-rpoc; MYj-rpocpavouc; . Kcx-r' E:xdVYjV Tljv wpcxv ~acxv E:xe:i: ne:ptaao-re:pot ano E~OOfl~XOV'tCX Xpta'ttCXVOt. m ouvcx-ro-re:pot E:-rpanYjacxv de; cpu~v , E:vw 6 ITcx-djp MYj-rpocpavYjc; xcx£ no"A"Aot a"A"Aot, xuptwc; yuvcxi:xe:c; xcx£ ncxtota , ncxptf.Le:t vcxv xcx£ EOCj)cXYYjOCXV .

'0 ITcx-djp MYj-rpocpavYJc; E:xcx8YJ-ro de; -r~v cxu"A~v , Ef17tpoa8e:v njc; otx£cxc; -rou, xcx( ot Mnot;e:pc; -rov EflCXXcxtpwacxv E:ncxve:tAYJflflEVwc; de; 'tO anj8oc; flEXPtc; O'tOU EYtVE OtcX'tpYJ'tOV. au-roc; E1tEOE xa-rw a no fllCX xoupf.LCXOtcX. m yd-rovtc; 'tOU E:aupcxv 'tO OWf.LCX 'tOU de; 'tOV 't01t0V 01t0U u~pt;e:v 'tO 1t'tWXOXOf1EtOV njc; ' Ie:pcxnoa-ro"A~c;. Me:-rtne:ncx 6 'Ie:pof.Lovcxxoc; 1\~pcxaf.Ltac; ncxpt"Acx~e: -ro awf.Lcx , xcx£ -ro 1903 o-rcxv xcx-ra npw-rov E:ytve: f.Ltcx 'tEAE't~ npoc; 'ttfl~V 'tWV flCXp-rupwv , hacpYJ XcX'tW Cx1t0 't~V

1\ y£cxv Tpane:scxv -rou vcxou -rwv f.Lcxp-rupwv , f.Lcxs£ f.LE -ra "Adl)Jcxvcx a"A"Awv.

50

'H ausuyoc; -ro u MYJ-P09<i -rpe:i:c; uto£ , e:up(axov-ro de; -:6" · oe:u-re:poc; ut6c; ~tpy~or . i ~~

aA"Aot ouo , 'Hacxfcxc; xcx( "Iwa ~ -rtavcx ~-ro ~"Atxtcxc; -re:aacxpazo 1'

pcxv njc; 10/23 'Iouv(ou oti9u· ~o~8e:tcxv njc; f.LVYja'rij c; -rou u~o· flEVYJV npwtcxv auve:"A~cp8r; p. ~

ESW -rwv 1tUAWV -rou 1\ V'tt'J fl~ ~ ~ t;e:pc; a-r6 Xmao-tv-<l>avf/. za~

'0 'Hacxfcxc; ~-ro e:'lxoat -:p~w 1tUpO~OAtx6v. m M not;e:p; -:o Of.LOU Tljv 7/20 'Iouv(ou xa8o o pwv nwc; ~-ro Xpta-rtcxvoc;.

'0 'IwavvYJc; ~'tO f.L OVOV s;:-:o 'Iouv(ou o-rcxv E:oo"AocpovYJaa•, M not;e:pc; antxoljlcxv -roue; ~pq antxoljlcxv -roue; OCXX'tUAOUS -: --ra ao-rta. 'H flVYJaTiJ -rou &.o=-· awae:t Tljv sw~v -rou Iwavvou. -rav yufl v6c; xcx( avunooYJ-o; av8pw7tat -r6v ~pW'tYJOClV E(l 1 ~ a tv E:novouae:. 1\"AYj-rorcxto ~ ;

ovof.Lasov-rac; -rov «ax6"Aou8o ~ an~v-rYjae:: «df.Lm ma-r6c; -:ou omf16VWV ». '0 'lwavvYjc; E _lj7'j

ana cxu-ro£ oxt f.Lovov ~pv'iJ 8r. '0 ITpo-raawc; Taav xcx[ o

dxav pan-rw8~ axOf.LYJ . ET.~a-: ay6pt 1tAYJYWf1tvo de; -r6 ~ w!J.o -rou ~acxv Yv-rae:c; xcx-ra paeo;.

7. «13cx[[!ove:c;» - tn:teno•' -:-o 6. of..wv -rwv [l~ KtvE1;wv.lotcxt-.:::pw:; ~

-:6v AC<OV 'tOU XC<L arco -roue; Esw -: t aaMc;. Me:-rtrce:ne< EsYJae: ne:-

iz-6c; TYjc; te:parcoa-roA.~c;, Ae<f1.Pa[lw8ou -rou. Ka8' oA.ov

:1an]p M YJ-rpocpavYJs otv ~-ro cpt~~;:!J.ne<AA.e:u8YJae<v we; npoc; au-r6

u -rou 1900 ot Mm)!;e:pc; xe<;:oa-roA.~c; xe<C rcoA.A.oC Xpw-rte<

-~'Jouvouc; 'tOUS 6TCOLOUS cXV'tt[lE;:~:; Ttjv otx(av -rou Ila-rpoc; MYJrxu-wv ~ae<v flEptXOL Ot 6rcoiot

-:o6:; -rov te:pta xe<C OflCuS au-roc; .'l'IO[lEVOS rcwc; flEptXOL ~ae<v At- i tywv, TCWS 6 XC<tpoc; TYjc; XC<-.;:-:o MaxoA.ov va otacpuyouv. ";; im1ymve: Esw va xomxsYJ -rov ~ wpa -ro ppaou TYjc; 10/23 'Iou

~;:o:; rce:pte:xuxA.wae<v Ttjv xa-rot. Ka-r' EXELVYJV Ttjv wpe<v ~ae<v :wv-ra Xpta-rte<voL at ouve<-

;: 1W 6 IIaTtjp M YJ-rpocpavYJs xaC - i'.C<L TCC<tota , rce<pE[lEt VC<V X <XL

de; -r-fjv auA.Yjv, Eflnpoaee:v :; -ov Efl<XXe<Lpwae<v srce<ve:t

; o-:ou Eywe: ota-rpYJ-rov· au-roc; ...... -..~~~ .... • . Oi ye:hovtc; -rou Eaupe<v -r6

u;ijp!;e:v 'tO TC'tWXOXO[le:i:Ov TYjc; ;:ooflovaxos 1\Ppaaflws na

o-:av XC<'ta rcpw-rov EYLVE flLC< wv. hacpYJ xa-rw a no -r-fjv ap-rupwv, flat;£ flE -ra A.d-

'H aut;uyoc; 'tOU MYJ-rpocpavouc; Te<'ttcXVC< (Ta-rwv-fj) XC<L -rpe:Ic; utoC , e:upCaxov-ro de; -rov -rorcov TYjc; ooA.ocpovCac; -rou. '0 oe:u-re:poc; utoc; bEpywc; ' Eyt ve: flE'tETCEL't{X rcpw(he:pe:uc;· Ot aAA.ot Mo , 'Haafac; XC<L 'IwaVVYJS , EOOAocpov1j8YJOC<V. 'H Te<'ttcXVC< ~-ro ~A.txCac; -re:aae<paxov-ra -re:aaapwv ihwv. TYjv E:arctpav TYjc; 10/23 'IouvCou ottcpuye: a reo -roue; M rco!;e:pc; flE Ttjv po1j8e:te<V TYis flVYJaTYjc; 'tOU ULOU 't'YJS 'Ha<itou' aA.A.a Ttjv E:rcoflEVYJV rcpWLC<V auve:A.Yjcp8YJ flE OEXC<OX'tW aAA.ouc; ' WOYjy1j8Yj Esw -rwv rcuA.wv -rou 1\v-rtvflCv de; -ro a-rpa-rorce:oov -rwv Mrco!;e:pc; O'tO Xatao-w-<l>avyx XC<L XC<'tOTCLV arce:xe:cpe<AL08YJ.

'0 'Haa'tac; ~-ro dxoat -rptwv hwv xaC urcYJpe:-rouae:v de; -ro nupopoA.txov. at Mrco!;e:pc; -rov s!;e:-rtA.e:aav ot' arcoxe:cpe<Ata[lOU Ttjv 7/20 'Iouv(ou xa8oaov ~-ro yvwa-rov tx -rwv npo-rtpwv rcwc; ~'tO Xpw-rte<voc;.

'0 'IwavvYJs ~-ro flOvov E:rc-ra hwv . TYjv E:arctpa TYis 10/23 'IouvCou o-re<v sooA.ocpovYJae<v -rov Ila-rtpa MYJ-rpocpaVYJV , ot M rco!;e:pc; arctxOljJav -roue; ppaxCovac; -rou de; -rov wf1.ov xaC arctxot)Je<v 'tO US OC<X'tUAOUS 'tWV TCOOLWV 'tOU ' Ttjv flU'tYJV XC<L 'tcX C<U'tta. 'H fl VYJOTtj 'tOU aoe:A.cpou 'tOU 'Ha<itou TCE'tUXE va awae:t Ttjv t;w-fjv 'tOU lwavvou. TYjv ETCO[lEVYJV rcpwLC<V xaeo't<XV yu[lvoc; xaC avurcooYJ-roc; de; -r-fjv daooov xaC o-rav ot av8pwnot 'tOV ~pW'tYJOC<V tav ETCOVOUOE ' -roue; arcYjV'tYJOE rcwc; OEV srcovouae:. 1\AYj'tOTCC<toe:c; 'tOU opOflOU 'tOV EXAEUC<OC<V' OVO[lat;onac; 'tOV «cXXOAoueov 'tWV OC<tflOVWV»7

' aAA.a C<U'tOS arc~V'tYJOE: «d[lC<t ma-roc; 'tOU 0e:ou XC<L OXL axoA.oueoc; 'tWV OC<tflOVWV ». '0 'IwaVVYJS tt;Yj-rYJOE ve:po a no -roue; yd-rovtc; 'tOU ' aA.A.a C<U'tOL oxt flOVOV ~pv1j8YJOC<V ' aAA.a 'tOV Eotw!;av .

'0 Ilpo-raawc; Taav xaC 6 PooCwv XaCou , ot 6noiot otv dxav parc-rta8~ cXXO[lYJ ' ETCLO'tOTCOLYJOC<V nwc; e:Ioe<v C<U'tO 'tO ayopt TCAYJYWflEVO de; 'tOV WflOV XC<L 'tO TCOOL. 'tcX -rpe<Ufle<'ta -rou ~aav Yv-rae:c; xa-ra paeoc; , OflWS otv ~aeav8YJ rcovov xaC

7. « OO:t[-lOVES » - btttkrov -r6 OTCOtOV XOLVWS arcweuvno EVO:V'ttOV

iSAwv -rwv !-l~ Ktve:t;wv, Loto:t-rEpws E:vo:v-rf.ov -rwv Et'>pwrco:f.wv.

51

7ttXAtV O'taV auve:A~<p8YJ cmo 'tOUS Mno!;e:pc; OEV E1tEOE:tSE <po~ov xa£ tn~yatve: ~auxa !J.as£ couc;. "Evac; ytpoc; t!;tcppaae: OU!J.7ttX8e:tav yta 'tO ayopt AEyovcac;: «fttX 7t0t0 npay!J.a dvat co nato£ svoxo; Eivat a<ptXA!J.a cwv yovtwv cou , co oct sytve: axoAou8oc; 'tWV oat!J.OVWV». "AAAOt 'tOV ne:ptye:Aouaav xa£ 'tOV xaXO!J.E:'taxe:tp£l_;ovco ~ cmAwc; 'tOU a7tYJU8uvav ne:tpaX'ttxa ame:i:a. "Ecat woYJn8YJ de; c~v acpanv waav apv£.

'H Map£a , ~ !J.VYJO't~ 'tOU 'Haa"tou ~'tO oe:xaEvvEa hwv. ~uo ~!J.Epac; npo 't~S opyavw!J.EVYJS a<payYjc; xa£ AE:YJAaa£ac; 'tWV Mno!;e:pc; , ~A8e:v de; ~v xacotx£av 'tOU nacpoc; MYJcpo<pavouc;, tm8U!J.OUaa VeX ano8tXVYJ !J.al_;£ !J.E 't~V otxoytve:tav coo !J.VYJO~poc; 'tYJS· "Ocav ot Mno!;e:pc; ne:pte:xuxAwaav ~v Otx£av ~v 10/23 'Iouv£ou' !J.E eappoc; t~o~8YJOE: VeX otaOWOYJ aAAouc; ' U1tOO'tYjp£l_;ouaa atnouc; xaewc; avEpptxwno de; 'tOV coi:xov. "Ocav ot acpactw'tat xa£ ot Mno!;Epc; da~A8ov de; ~v auA~v, acpou sanaaav ~v auA6nopca, ~ Map£a e:u8apawc; 'tOUS Exa'tYJYOPYJOE: nwc; OOAO<pOVOUV av8pwnouc; napavo!J.WS' xwp£c; OLXYJV" OEV hOA!J.YJOav VeX ~v <pove:uaouv' ana !J.ovov tnt..~ywaav coos ~pax£ovac; 'YJS xa£ hpu1tYJaav 'ttX noota 'tYJS. re:vtxwc; ' E1tEOE:tSE t!;atpe:'ttXOV eappoc; xa£ xa'taVOYJOtV.

'0 bEpywc;, 6 utoc; coo Ila-rpoc; M YJcpo<pavouc; , tne:xdpYJae:v cpEi:c; <poptc; va 't~V ndaYJ va <pUYYJ xa£ va xpu<p~, aHa au~ a7t~V'tYJOE:: «'EyEvv~8Yjv XOV'ttX de; 'tOV vaov ~S '1ne:pay£ac; 8e:o'tOXOU xa£ tow ea anoeavw »8

• ot O'tpa'ttW'tat xa£ ot Mno!;e:pc; tntacpe:lj>av tvcoc; 6/..£you, xa£ ~ ye:vva£a yuva£xa he:Adwae: 'tOV ~£ov 'tYJS !J.apcuptxwc;, 8Ewpouaa 'tOV 8avacov WS ~V !J.E'ttX~aatV de; 't07t0V !J.aXap£ac; avanauae:wc;.

Ile:ptypa<pwv 'tOV 8avacov 'tWV 6 1\pXt!J.avopt'tYJS 1\~paa!J.taS npoa8tce:t: «1\ vanauaov, Kupte: , cac; lj>uxac; cwv oouAWV bOU' tEptwc; MYJcpo<pavouc; xa£ 'tWV auv aU'tW xa£ xa'ttX-

8. '0 apxtxoc; vaoc; «NtXOA<XOXU» btt 1:t OtcXOUJ!.W EtXEV E:ma~[lwc; ovof1cxoflYj n:poc; ·nfl~v -rrjc; Kotfl~oEwc; -rYjc; Gw-roxou.

52

O'tYJOOV atWVtOV 'tO !J. VYJ!J.OGU ~o· au~v ~v npoaw~v . o1.w:; ~ :

XatOt avanaUOV'tat) Y.a86oo !J.apcup£ou cwv , W!J.Otw8r,o<X'J ~ !J.~8YJaav !J.E aucouc;» .

Mna!;u txdvwv ot o~.o~o~ ~ ~aav l\.A!J.nal_;£vtat , ar6yo ~or. -: l\.A!J.7tal_;£v ' Ot onoi:ot E<pe:po: ~ -: we; coo Xptacou de; 'tO Ile:z ~ ~o·

'tO 1685 xa£ napE!J.e:tvo:v ~. ~a-:

mwae:wc; cwv de; ~v 'A y£o: ~ ·op ae: 'tOUS anoyovouc; 'tWV !J.E -:-r; !J.apcup£ou. ot 1\A!J.nal_;tvta~ l0 Taouav , 6 aoe:A<poc; 'tOU B~-:o

aAAot !J.~ <pO~OU!J.E:VOt «'tOU::: a;lj>u~v !J.~ OUVa!J.EVOUS at:o z-:~

maav acpo~ot co ~aao:vw~ bW~pa 'tOU xoa!J.OU , t Y.~-:e:uo• otwxcac; cwv xa( va a uyxwpj

buvoAtxwc; tx cwv XtA[w,, 'tO not!J.vtov TYJS , ~ 'Ie:paroa-:o an' aucouc; ane:a'ttX'tYJOO:'J OJ.) Xa'ttX 'tOV apt8!J.O ' ~aav AafJ. T:fl ota 't~V xpta'ttavtx~v n£a-~ v.

To l;tanaa!J.a au~c; ~:; ,, ::a

ou Bap8oAO!J.atou » npoe:Y.cxi ::: 'H 'ExxAYj<Hacr'ttX~ 1\./..~Ge:m.

cptapxdou Kwvacav-r t vou;:6 ap8pov de; aucouc; ' 'tO 01.0~0 l

cwv !J.apcupwv un~p!;e: ;:a ~ -: o

t!;e:n~oYjaav 'ExxAYjal.a~ -:oG _ xwpac; xat OttX 'tOU OTOLOU a ~LXE:'!E:UOW!J.E:V 'tOV 8e:ov. bt:w; . de; 'tOV 07t0tOV U1tE:~A~8r; 0 :.r~·

-: ~spc; otv brtoe:tl;e: cpo~w; ytpos t1;tcppaae:

- ~a Toto npay[J.a dvat . swv 'tOU I 'tO O'tt eyt ve:

~o ~ ;re:ptye:Aouaav xa( - i.c-:1]u8uvav ne:tpax-rt

;Y;v WO<XV apv(. ~, -:o oe:xae:vvta hwv.

; - oay-Y?s xa( AE1JAaa1as ~o u na-rpos M1J-rpo

a:~·- flE -rY;v otxoytve:tav - ~~ ; ;:spte:xuxAwaav -rf,v

; ~~oY;8YjOE: va otaOWOYj ~ ; ave:pptxwv-ro ds -rov -:o~e:p<; daYjfi.8ov ds -rf,v

- -:a..~ Map(a e:68apaws av8pwnous napavo

:x JiV cpove:uaouv, exAM. - ~; xat hpu11:1]aav -ra 11:0 -

:::-:.x(JJ eappo<; xa( xa-ra-

- -:pocpavous , E:ne:xdp1Jzat va xpucpTij I aAAa

s ~ ; - ov vaov Tiis 'Yne:~ » . ot a-rpa-rtw-rat xa( . za( ~ ye:vva(a yuva(

·.C.; . 8e:wpouaa -rov 8a:zxap(as avanauae:ws. . P',(~[J.avopt't1]S :A~paa

~ . -:a<; l/Juxas -rwv oou-

O'tYjOOV atwvtav 'tO fl V1]flOOUVOV au-rwv. Kat as svw8WflEV ds au-rf,v -rf,v npoawxY;v ' onws e:upouv avanauatv (evea ot o(xatOt avanauov-rat) xaeoaov ota ·~s 6[J.OAoy(as xa( 'tOU [J.ap-rup(ou 'tWV I WfJ.OtW81]aav flE 'tOUS otxa(ous xa( OUV1]pt8-[J.Y;81]aav flE au-rous».

Me:-rasu txdvwv ot 6noiot enaeov ota 'tOV 'l1JOOUV Xpta'tO ~aav :AA[J.TCastVtOt I anoyovot 'tWV Cfl"YJflLOfJ.EVWV xa-ro(xwv 'tOU :AA[J.nastv I ot 6noiot ecpe:pav 'tO cpws ·~s 'Op8o061;ou TCta-re:ws -rou Xpta-rou ds -ro IIe:x(vov I -rf,v npw-re:uouaav Tiis K(vas , 'tO 1685 xa( napEfJ.Etvav ma-ro( ds au-rf,v. Aoyw Tiis acpoatwae:ws -rwv ds -rf,v 1\y(av

1

0p8ooo1;1av I 6 Kupws t~pa~wae: 'tOU<; anoyovous 'tWV flE -rf,v 061;av Tiis 6[J.OAoy(as xa( 'tOU [J.ap-rup(ou. m :AA[J.TCast VLOL KAY;fl1]S Kout Kt vI Ma-r8aios Xat Taouav' 6 aoe:Acpos 'tOU Bt-ros' ~ 'Avva Taout xa( TCOAAOt tXAAOL flY; cpo~OUflE:VOL «'tOUS anox-rdvvov-ras 'tO OW[J.a l -rf,v OE l(JuxY;v [J.Y; ouva[J.EVOU<; anox-re:ivat» (Ma-re. t' 28) CxVTLflE:TWmaav CX.cpo~ot 'tO ~aaavta-rY;pwv xa( TOV eavaTOV ota 'tOV Z:wTijpa TOU XOOflOU I txe:Te:uov-re:s TOV E>e:ov va CflWTtO"Yj TOUS OtWXTas 'tWV xa( va auyxwpY;a"Y] -ras tX[J.apTtas TWV.

Z:uvoAtxws EX 'tWV XLAtWV l/Juxwv ot 6noie:s CxTCOTE:Aouaav TO TCOtfJ.VLOV T"YJS ' ~ 'Ie:pan:oa-roAY; exaae: -rptaxoate:<;. Me:ptxo( an:' aUTOUS an:e:OTcX't"YjOav aAAa aAAOt OtaXOOtOL e:'Lxoat ouo xaTa TOV apt8[J.O I ~aav Aa[J.npo( 6[J.OAOY"YJ'tat xa( flcXpTupe:s ota -rY;v XPtaTtavtxY;v n:tO'ttV.

To 1;tan:aa[J.a auT~<; T~S vtas Ktve:stx~s «VUX'tOS TOU 1\y(ou Bap8oAO[J.atOU » n:poe:xaAe:ae: axoAta ds TOV stvov 'tUTCOV . 'H 'ExxA'YjOtaO'tLX~ :AA~6e:ta l TO E:n:tO"YjfJ.OV opyavov 'tOU IlaTptapxdou Kwva-rantvoun:oAe:ws ' acpttpwae:v LOtat-re:pov CX.p8pov ds au-rous I 'tO 6n:oiov xa-rEAYjye:v ws ts~s: «TO ai[J.a 't'WV [J.ap-rupwv un~pse: n:av-ro-re: 6 an:opos CxTCO TOV 6n:oiov tl;e:n:Y;orJaav IExxA1Jatat -rou XptaTou ds dowAoAa-rptxas xwpas xa( ota -rou 6n:o(ou ave:nTuX8"YJ ~ Xpta-rtavtxf, swY;. 'As txe:-re:UOWflE:V 't'OV E>e:ov I on:ws I 6 at[J.a't1JPOS au-ros OLWYflOS ds -rov 6n:oiov un:e:~Af,8"Yj 6 flLXPOS xAaoos TiiS

1

0p8ooo1;1as

53

de; Tljv K£vav' va XPYJOL[lSUOYJ EV npc:notc; we; 1tYJrYl axa-ranoV~'tOU 7tta-rswc; xa£ eappouc; Bt' oaouc; E7tt'tSAOUV flS'tcX etpflYJS -r6 x~puy[la -rou Euayys/..£ou· xa£ i5su-rspov, we; ~aatc; Bta nspa:t-rtpw np6oi5ov tijc; n£a-rswc; xa£ tijc; Baatf.dac; -rou E>sou de; Tljv K£vav, de; M!;av xa£ 'ttfl~V 'Exdvou 6 'Onoi:oc; dnsv: "xYJpu!;a-rs -r6 EuayytJ..wv na<T(l -rfl x-r£ast"».

(ME:TEJppaaOYJ ix riic; :4yyJ.txiic; urea op0oo6sou Xpwnavou, 6 6rcoioc;

im0U/1E:t Va rcapa/ldVYJ ayvwaroc;).

54

KATA (Ko: c;>. I:

«itvBpwrros- oi ns- ~~~ ;:/.c cpupav xa{ {3uaaov ~ucppa!'

ITrwxos- oi ns- ~~~ dvof.La-: ! .I. ITVAWlla auTOV ~AXWf.Livo; X

TWll </Jtx{wv TWV 7rl7rTOliTW'I a; aMa xa{ o[ xuv~s- ipXOf.L~'IO: l

VeTO oi arroeavdv TOll r:-:wz Twv arrt).wv ds- Tov xoAr:o'l · rrAoumos- xa{ hacpr;. Ka! iv-:auTou, U7rapxwv ill {3aaavo!:; Bc:v xa{ AaS'apov tv Tois- xo}.;:,

drr~· 7raTt::p 'A{3paaf.L, iAir,ad {3a</Jn TO axpov TOV oaxru}.o

T~v yAwaaav f.LOV, OTl dov'lw. 'A{3paaf.L· Tixvov, f.LV~a8r;-:! 0:: rfj S"wiJ aov, xa{ AaS'apo; ou< paxaA~iTal, au oi oovvaaa! '

~f.Lwv xa{ Vf.LWV xaaf.La f.Liya ow{3ijval tve~v rrpos- uwi:; rrpos- ~f.Las- owrr~pwmv. E!:-::: 7rif.L</Jr;s- aUTOll ds- TOll olxoY 71 aodcpous-· OITWS' Olaf.Lap-:v(JI t).Bwmv ds- Torrov TOVTO'I . ;;

af.L· txovat MwiJaia xa! :-o auTWll. '0 oi drr~v · oux!. :-:a vc:xpwv rrop~ven rrpo:; au:

auT0' d MwiJaiws- xa{ 7W' ;]

iav TlS' tx v~xpwv avaCJ.?i ;-:~

-:pw·ro~c; we; 1t'Y)rYl &xcx-rcmooaouc; tm-re:Aoov [.LE-rcX 8tp

- - -OU' XCXL OEU'tEpOV , we; paa~c; -:.::; -:::we; xa£ Tijc; BaatAdac; -roo

:.-:a.( -r~ [.L~v 'Exdvou 6 'Orroi:oc; ' rraon Tfi x-r(ae:~"».

-: . lip8oo6sov Xptanavou, 6 onoio~

KATA AOYKA (Ke:cp. Il:T' 19-31)

«11Y8pwrroc; oi Ttc; ~ll 7rAOuawc;, xed ivc:otouaxc:ro rropcpupall xa( {3uaaoy c:ucppa£YOf.1.C:YOc; xae' ~f.l.ipav Aaf.1.7rpwc;. Ihwxoc; oi nc; ~)) OliOf.l.aT£ JlaS'apoc;, oc; i{3i{3A'r;ro rrp6c; TOll

7!'UAW!.Ia aurou ~AXWf.l.iYoc; xa( im8Uf.1.Wll xopraa8ijllat arr6 TW!.I c/J!XlW).I TW).I 7r£1t'TO!.ITW).I arr6 rijc; rparriS'r;c; TOU 1t'AOua(ou· aMa xa( o[ xuvc:c; ipxof.1.C:ll0£ arriAC:£XOll Ta tJLxr; auTOU . 'Eyil.IC:TO oi arroeavc:lv TOll 1t'TWXOY xa( arrc:vc:x8fivat aUTO)) urr6 TW).I ayyiAWll de; TOll XOA1t'Oll TOU 'A{3paaf.1.. ante ave: oi xa( 6 rrJLouawc; xa( iTacpr;. Ka( iv rc;:J ~on irrapac; roue; dcp8aAf.1.ouc; auTOU, urrapxwv ill {3aaavO£c;, op~ TOll 'A{3paaf.1. arr6 f.1.axp6-8c:v xa( JlaS'apoY iv Toic; XOA1t'O£c; aUTOU. Ka( aurae; (/)Wll~aac; c:lrrc:· rrarc:p 'A{3paaf.1., iAir;a6v f.l.C: xa( rrif.1.c/JOY JlaS'apov iva {3ac/Jv TO axpoll TOU oaXTUAOU aUTOU uoaroc; xa( xaracfJusv T~)) yJLwaaaY f.l.OU, OT£ 00Ul1Wf.1.a£ iv T'fj cpJLoy( TaUT'{]. Elrrc: oi 'A{3paaf.1.. TiX!.IOll, f.l.ll~aer;n OT£ arriJLa{3c:c; au Ta ayaea aou ill T'fj S"w!f aou, xa( JlaS'apoc; Of.l.O(wc; Ta xaxa· ).IU).I oi woe: rrapaxaJLc:iTa£, au oi OOU).I(XOa£' xa( irr( mxm TOUTO£c; f.l.C:Tasu ~f.l.Wll xa( Uf.l.Wll xaaf.1.a f.l.iya iar~p!XTa£, orrwc; o[ 8iAOYTc:c; ota{3ijvm tvec:v rrp6c; Vf.l.iic; fl.~ ouvwvra£, f.l.r;oi oE ixc:i8c:v rrp6c; ~f.l.iic; owrrc:pwmv. Elrrc: oi· ipwrw OV!.I ai, rrarc:p, rva rrif.l.c/Jr;c; aur6v de; r6v olxov rou rrarp6c; f.1.ou· txw yap rrivrc: aoc:JLcpouc;· orrwc; 0Wf.1.aprupr;ra£ aUTOtc;, £'ya fl.~ xa( aUTO( tJL8waw de; r6rrov rourov rijc; {3aaavou. Jliyc:t aurw 'A{3paci'f.1. · txoum Mwuaia xa( roue; rrpocp~rac; · axouaarwaav aurwv. '0 oi c:lrrc:v · oux{, rrarc:p 'A{3paaf.1., aM' iav nc; arr6 Yc:xpwv rropw8fj rrp6c; aurouc;, f.l.C:Tal.IO~OOU0£).1. Elrrc: oi aurc;:;· d Mwuaiwc; xa( TW).I rrpocpr;rwv oux axououa£!.1 ouoi iav nc; ix vc:xpwv avaarfj rrc:we~aovrat .»

55

KAT A IOANNHN (Ke:cpaA.. IB' 48)

«'0 cdkrwv if.li xa{ f.l~ Aaf.Lf3avwv Ta P~f.LaTa f.LOU, tx~t TO)) xp{vovra auT6v· 6 Myo~ ov i).a).>]aa, ix~ivo~ xptvci avT6v iv

Tfi iaxara ~f.Lipq. ».

KAT A IOANNHN (Ke:cp. IZ' 9)

«'Eyu'J rr~p{ auTW)) ipWTW" ov rr~p{ TOV x6af.LOU ipwTW, a).).a rr~p{ c:>v oiowxa~ f-LO£, OTt ao{ dat ».

( «Toi:c:; E:v xcx-cacppov~ae:t -ct6EflEVOt<; -cove; te:pouc:; xcx£ 6e:£ouc:; xcxvove:c:; :Avci6q.w». (ae:A.. 977 TOflO<; ~UVOOtXWV :A.nocpaae:wv )] .

IIPOL fAAATAL (Ke:cpaA.. E' 19 , 20-21)

(19) rJ>av~pa 0£ iart TcX €pya Tij~ aapxo~, aTtVa ian f.LOlxda, rropvda, axaeapa{a, aai).y~ta,

(20) dow).o).aTpda, cpapf.Laxda, tx8pat, tp~t~, srjAOt, 8Uf.LO{, ipt8~iat, otxoaTaa{at, a[pia~t~,

(21) cp86vot, cp6vot, f.Li8at , XWf.LOl xa{ Ta Of-LOla TOUTOl~, a rrpoMyw Vf.LiV, xaeu'J~ xa{ rrpodrrov, OTt Ta TOtaUTa rrpaaaovT~~ BaatAdav e~ov ov XA>]pOVOf.L~aouaw.

56

B' KA80AIKH E: (Ke:<,Jcxi .

(10) 'Hs~t oi ~ ~f.Lipa Kup ovpavo{ POlS)]00)) naps) f.L~Va ).u8~aovTat, %a! •

xa~a~Tat .

(11) TouTwv ouv rravTwv i.uc uwx~ iv ay{w~ avaa7pc

( 12) II poaooxwvTa~ xa{ a;: TOU e~ov ~f.Lipa~, 0!. i vTat xa{ aTotxda %aUG( 'EyivovTo oi xa{ cf;w~ uf.Liv taovTat cf;wooo!od a[pia~t~ arrw).dac; %a. arrOT)]V apVOUf.L~VO! i;:a ).~wv.

_ -:-au x6af1ov ipwrw,

: -:ouc; te:pous xcx£ ee:t~o; 2:uvootxwv 'Ano-

· -:-a of1ota rovrot~, & ~!-:ov, OTt ra rotaura

-oo ;.-./.:r;povof1~aovaw.

B' KA80AIKH EITILTOAH ITETPOY CKe:cpat... r ' 10- 12)

(10) "Hset oi ~ ~flipa Kvp{ov w~ XAbr:rr;~ iv vvxr{, iv ~ oupavo{ pmf;r;o6v nape).euaovrat arotxei:a oi xavaovf1eva ).u8~aovrat, xa{ yij xa{ ra iv aurfi tpya xaraxa~aerat.

(11) Tovrwv ovv navrwv AVO{livwv noranov~ oei: unapxew Vf1ii~ iv ay{m~ avaarpocpai:~ xa{ euae{3dat~.

(12) IIpoaooxwvra~ xa{ anevoovra~ r~v napova{av ri7~ rou 6wu ~f1ipa~, Ot' Yjv oupavo{ nvpOUf1eVOt AU8~aoVTat xa{ arotxei:a xavaovf1eva r~xerm! 'Eyivovro oi xa{ cfJevoonpocpilrat iv r0 Aa0 w~ xa{ iv UfllV taovrm cfJwoootoaaxaAot, o!rtve~ napetaasovmv alpiaet~ anw).da~ xa{ r6v ayopaaavra aurov~ oean6rr;v apvOUf1eVOt inayovre~ £auroi:~ raxtx~v anwAetav.

57

IIOIMENEL: IIOAAOI TON AMIIEAONA MOY ~IE<l>8EIPAN

~Ufl(j)EpE~ a-rov XPLa'!~avo Tiav-ra va a~W1tCx xa[ va xa-ra

y(VE'!<XL a-djv flEA.t'!YJ -rwv fpacpwv , Tijv flE-ravo~a xa£ Tijv Lmaxo~. 'AA'A ETIE~o~ xa-ra -rov 'Aywv IIa-rtpa fl<XS E>zoowpov -rov ~'!OUOl'!Yj de; «1tpOU7t'!OV ES~A8Ev ~ atpz-r~x~ aatpz~a» xa£

PAtTiov-rzc; -r~v aA~8zw v<X xa-ra1ta-rz"L-ra~ xa£ -r~v AIIO~T A~IA v<X xopucpwvz-rm , ~ auvdoYja£c; fl<XS otv flCxS tm-rptTIE~ 11:Atov Tijv a~w1t~.

«'Apxi;8~v ~ 'Op8ooos{a, ouo rrYJyac; roiJ .t16yf1aroc; r~c; rr{ar~wc; rrap~oisaro, ~Tot r~v 8dav Fpacp~v xa{ r~v rrapaooalll. Ka{ ixxAYJmaartx~ rrapaoomc; iar{v ~ rrapa otao6xwv rwv 'Arroar6Awv ».

(doyfla·rot..oy(a :A8avaa(ou Movaxou , '1\ywv "Opoc;, 1961 azt... 251)

llapa6i·rou~e: AOl7tOV «l;e:xao-~iva» xo~~(hta autij<; tij<; 7tapaooo-"fj<;:

«M~ {liTatp~ opta alwvla & te~vTO o[ IIarip~c; aOU». (IIapoqlku, KB ,28)

- M~v cXAAai;;z~c; xa[ flE'!a8t-rz~c;. au-ra -r<X OTIOL<X aou op~aav ot Ila-rtpzc; aou.

* * * * * «OUT~ {3aatA~uc; OUT~ tXMYj l:uvoooc; ouvaTat va ae~r~ar;

roue; Kav6vac; TWll 'A y{wv 'ArroaTOAWll xa{ OlxOUfl~lllXWlll:UliOOWll ».

(/'J.' mxoufl . L:uvoooc;)

«'Hf1£i.c; roue; e~a{lou; 7i,; .E roue; opouc; TWll II aripwv cpui.a-: liTac; T{ ~ acpalpOUliTac; iY. ~; ir.

«M~ xalliOTO(.l{av xa{ ixcpa(o {3oiJc; iv ~{liv x~xparYJxu{ac; au;~r;

iv rif Ka8oAtxiJ xa{ Arroaroi.!Xi. ae~xYJv our~ f1dwatv imOix~a. oc; {1~Tar{8Yjatll opta IIaripw'.l

«El r{c; rrapaooalll 'ExY..i.rja!ac ae~r~ avae~{la rp{c; » .

«Ilac; 6 Aiywv rrapa ra o!cr.1 xav liYJOT~U{I xav rrap8~v~U'{j r. . r~ur;, }.uxoc; ao{ cpwvia8c,; iv :;:-pq rwv xar~pyas6f1~voc;».

«'Eav ~fl~l.c;, ~ Jlyydoc; i; o rrap o dJYJYY~Ataaf1~ea Vfl!v a-,...

t '\·

***X

«Toi.c; iv xaracppov~a~! -:!8:: ouc; Kav6vac; rwv 'I~pwv IIa-:::a 'ExxAYJa{av urr~p~tooiJm r.a! i5i:r

XOOflOVll<~c;. rrp6c; 8dav 6owouo (B' 'tO floc; L:• vo&x -

_\..\01 IE0EIPAN

~ .WI.CX X at Va xa·ra~-:-a Jata xai n]v tma

~ :z ..... a~ 0e6owpov -r6v "' I ') I P. I

;:-: \ X'Y] aaEI-'EtCl» Xat

- -;: : -:at xai -r~v Ail 0-.; ~a:; otv flCXS btt-rpt-

.;-:-yycXr; rov L16yf.1.aroc; ~. Odav Tpacp~v xa{

~~-!X" ;-:apaoomc; iar{v ~

. avaaiou Movaxou , ·opo~ , 1961 ae:A. 251)

:-:6 11

~; ~; 7tapaoocrYj<;:

-: o~ II aripc:c; aou ».

(Ticxpot(.lta.t , KB ,28) -- -:a 61toi:a aou opt-

; OU:IaTat va a()c:r~ar;

w!Olxouf1C:Vtxwv .Eu-

.1' Olxouf.l. Luvoooc;)

«'Hf.l.dc; rouc; ()c:af10Uc; r~r; 'ExxJ.:r;a{ac; rr;poVf1C:V, ~f-lC:tc;

rouc; opouc; TWV IIaripwv cpuAaTOf-lC:V, ~f-lC:tc; rouc; npoarc:()i

vrac; r{ if acpatpouvrac; ix r~r; ixxAr;a{ac; ava()C:f-laT{SOf-lC:V ».

(E', LT' , Z' otxouf.lEVtx~ Luvoooc;)

* * * * * «M~ XatVOTOf1{av xa{ acpa{pc:mv not~aaa()at r~r; c:uac:

(3ouc; iv ~f-llV xc:xparr;xu{ac; auvr;()dac;. Ta yap napaoo()ivra

iv rij Ka()oA.txij xa{ AnoaroA.txij 'ExxA.r;a{~, ovrc: yap npo

a()~xr;v ovrc: f-ldwmv imOixc:rat. 'Emxaraparoc; yap cpr;a{v

or; f-lC:Tar{()r;mv opt a II aripwv aurov ».

(Z' Olxouf.l . Luvoooc;)

* * * * * «El r{c; napaoomv 'ExxA.r;maartx~v lyypacpov if &ypacpov

a()c:r~ ava()c:f.1.a rp{c; » . (Z' Olxouf.l . Luvoooc;)

* * * * * «IIac; 6 Aiywv napa ra otarc:ray{1iva xav ast6maroc; if

xav vr;arc:ur; xav nap()c:vc:ur; xav ar;{1c:ia notij, xav npocpr;

TC:UrJ, A.uxoc; ao{ cpmvia()U? iv npo(3arU? oopif cp()opav npo(3a

rwv xarc:pyas6f.1.c:voc; ».

('Aywc; 'Iyvci-rwc; Gwcp6poc;)

* * * * * «'Eav ~f-lclc;, if 'ftyyc:Aoc; i~ oupavov c:uayyc:A{sr;rat Uf-llV

nap 0 c:ur;yyc:A.taa{1C:()a Uf-llV ava0c:{1a laTW». ('Ay. A1t6cr-rof-oc; Ticxuf-oc; , fcxA. A' 8)

* * * * * «Toic; iv xaracppov~ac:t rtec:f1ivotc; rouc; 'Ic:pouc; xa{ @d

our; Kav6vac; TWV 'Ic:pwv IIaripwv ~f.l.WV, or xa{ T~V f1y{av 'ExxA.r;a{av unc:pc:toovm xa{ oA.r;v T~ll Xptanavtx~v noA.trda

XOOf-lOVVTC:c;, npoc; ()c:{av oor;youmv C:UAa{3c:taV, ava()c:f1a ». (B' -r6(.loc; Luvootxwv crEA . 977 , -r6(.loc; Tijc; 'EvwcrEwc;)

59

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1XJ()D]3101t IIXJ}311ri 50.l.XJri~()XJ1t 5911? Q0.1..(1XJ111? QO.l. 5}g ~W»

* * * * *

(£Z£ 'ZZ£ oog9M13: ·noox10 ,V )~l. oA.owdll A9l. 91LV.)

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* * * * * 0 Z£ OO)D:OA:ogv; . A3W QOl. AO'{OgriQ3:)

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63

Mt ·de; 1t<X(Hx~acrEtS "twv cru~7tpocrwxwv ~t "tOUS 1ta:mxouc; xa:( "tOUS im6AOl1tOUS a:tpE"tlxouc;, X<X"t<X1W"t~(hjX<XV Ot 'A1tOCJ"tOAlXOL xa:( 1:uvootxo( Ka:vovEc; a1t6 "tous A.qo~Evous <<'Op8oo6~ouc; KAYjptxouc;>>, xa:( ~ 7ta:va:(pEcrtc; 'tOO OLxou~Evtcr~oo, dvm mh~ "t~ CJ"tty~~ ~

~Eya:A.U"tEPYJ a7tEtA~ 'liS 'Opeooo~(a:c;.

1:av LloupEwc; "I1t1wc; XPYJatf1onm~eYJxE ~ daa:ywn -rou na:mxou 'Eop-roA.oy(ou a~v 'OpeooosYJ 'ExxAYJa(a:.

'H aAA.a:n -rou ~~EpoA.oy(ou E:ytvE -ro hoc; 1924 ana -rov otxou~Evw~ xa:( Ma:aovo IIa:-rptapxYJ Kwv/noAEwc; MEA.t-rw ME-ra:!;axYJ xa:( E:nE~A.~e'Yl otx-ra:-roptx0 •0 -rpomp xa:( «Ev ~(a: VUX"tl» a~v 'EA.A.a:otx~ 'ExXAYjOL<X ana -rov auvEpya-rYj "tOU, Xpucromo~o Ila:na:oonouA.o.

'H 'Opeooo!;oc; 'ExXAYja(a: OEV E:vota:q>EpE"ta:t yta ~v xpoVlX~ axp(~El(X aAAa yta ~v axpt~El(X "tljc; IILa-rEwc; xa:( ~v ~pYja'Yj "tWV tEpwv na:pa:ooaEWV xa:( Ota:"taSEWV "tWV 1\y(wv Ila:-rtpwv.

To «na:A.mo» 'Eop-roA6yto dvm na:paooatc; "tljc; 'Opeooo!;ou 'ExxAYJa(a:c; . BaaEt a:u-rou -rou top-roA.oy(ou ~ A' OLxou~Evtx~ 1:uvoooc; tetamaE -rov na:crxaA.to xa:vova: xa:( wptcrE va XU~(XLVE"t(Xl ~ EOp"t~ 'tOO 'Ay(ou II«crxa: U1t0 22 Ma:p"tlou ewe; 25 'A1tptA(ou.

Mt avvootxtc; E:yxuxA.(ouc; -ro hoc; 1593 xa:( -ro E:-roc; 1848, ~ 'Opeooo!;oc; 'ExxAYJata: xa:-ra:o(xa:crE -ro vto fpYJyopta:vo (na:mxo) top-roMyw, xa:euno~Ct.AA.ov-ra:c; at cpptx"ta E:m-r(~ta: E:xdvouc; nou ea "tOAfl~aovv "t~V ~E-ra:ppue~ta'Yj aAAa xa:( E:xdvouc; nou ea ~v axoA.oue~crouv.

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64

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Na:wv axo~a: xa:( va xuaou I ~-:--'" ~wno-rtxo 1:w~a: xa:( -ro T~~~G -rljc; "tEAEOtoupy(a:c; "tljc; 0s~~:: «Ta na-rpta:» aE~. 'Emcn-:o;:o~ I n(ou , IlEtpa:tEU<:; 198 7, ~A. "E

LE n(a-rWaYj "tOU otxa:(ou a.yt-rwv , E:cpr't.vYJ xa:( 6 T(~to:: ~7 ~ovijc; "tljc; 'Ylj>waEwc; Tov. -67 cpo~ov xa:( otwy~ou ot ma-:-o~ ., ~~aovv -r~v ~EyaAYJ 'Eop71j ui 1925. .

Ta XPOVl(X o~wc; ntpa:aa: ~ z ~vlj~Ec; -rou nEptaao-rEpou zoau E:~a:ea:v aAA.wa-rE. ot IIa:pa:ooos aAA.a:!;a:v no-rt , xa:( OU"tE ea. (J)j

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m Op66oo!;ot IlaAaWYJ!J.EpoAoyi:-re:t; le:pe:i:t; , cme:axt!J.a-r(a6"fjaav. m EXXA"fjate:t; atppay(a-r"fjxav ~ xa-re:oatpLa't"f]XaV. m ma-ro( aup6"fjxav a-r(s (j)UAaxtt; . Al!J.a 'Op6oo6!;wv aywvta-rwv E:~mj.Je: -r6 XW!J.a a"t"fjv 'Op66oosYJ 'EAI.aoa.

"Etp-raaav ol otxou!J.e:vw-rtt; NEOYJ!J.EpoAoyi:-re:t; !J.EXPt -rou a"fj!J.dou va ava-rptlj>ouv 'Em-ratp(out; va auv-rp(lj>ouv !J.E -rae:xoupttx 'tLS ae:TI-rEt; Etx6ve:t; 'tWV IlaAatOYJ!J.EpOAoy(nxwv Nawv tXXO!J.a xa( va xuaouv a-r~ yYj xa( va xa-raTia"t"fjaouv -r6 llEOTIO'ttXO LW!J.a xa( -r6 Tt!J.W Al!J.a 'tOU Xpta-rou "t"fjv wpa 'rijt; -re:Ae:ataupy(as 'rijt; 8das Ae:t-roupy(as, (~A. axe:-rtxa «Ta Tia-rpta» ae:~. 'Emax61tou Ile:v-ra1t6A.e:ws , xou KaAAtOTILOU , IIe:tpme:us 1987 , ~A. 'Etp"fl!l · «Lxpm», 9/22-11-27).

LE 1tLO'tWa"fj 'tOU otxa(ou aywvot; 'tWV IlaAatOYJ!J.EPOAOyt-rwv , EtpaVYJ xa( 6 Tt!J.tOt; L'taup6t; "t"fjv vux-ra 'rijt; 7tapa!J.OV~S 'riis 'Ylj>wae:ws Tou , o-rav !J.ase:U't"f]Xav !J.Eaa at XAi:!J.a (j)O~OU xa( OtWY!J.OU ol ma-ro( yta va aypu7tv~aouv xa( va 'tt!J.~aouv -r~v !J.e:yaAYJ 'Eop"t"fj !J.E -r6 IIa-rpto 'Eop-roA6yw -r6 1925.

Ta xp6vta O!J.WS 7tEpaaav xa( OAa au-ra a~~aave: tXTIO 'tLS !J.V~!J.ES 'tOU 7tEptaa6-re:pou XOa!J.OU. m ve:w-re:pot TIO'tE otv -ra E!J.a6av &~.Awa-re:. ot Ilapa06ae:ts O!J.WS 'rijs 'Op6ooo!;(as otv CXAAa!;av TIO'tE , xa( oihe: ea ai.Aa!;ouv !J.EXPt LUV'tEAdas 'tOU Atwvos .

Ka( 'Caws xaTIOtOS va axe:tp-re:i:: «Ma ol ar;f.Lc:ptvo( lc:pc:ic; oiv yvwp(souv ». Ma 6 t"fj' Kav6vas 'riis tv Kap6aytvn LUVOoou 6p(se:t pYJ-rws:

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(1\ywc:; Mapxoc:; 'Ecptcrou)

* * * * * «Mi ouvar~ ({JWV~ 6 'Iwavvr;~ 6 XpuaoaTO(J.O~ anoxaAcl

ixOpov~ TOU Beau, OXl (J.OVO TOV~ a[pcTlXOV~, aMa tin{ar;~ aUTOV~ nov {3pi0r;xav ai fintXOlVWV{a tJ.as{ TOU~ » .

('A ywc:; 0e:6owpoc:; L-rouo£-rrJc:;)

72

B ~ , " , II . Ep(XLWS , O'tC<V 0~ a-:~p~.

tmxmvwvia flE -roue; t-:spooo a-r~v E>e:ta Euxapta'ttC(. &.jj a ~v auf.Lnpoae:ux~.

'EntaYJc; a' au-r6 -r6 ar,!lZ~O 8UflYJ80UflE O'tt OAOL ot 'Op8oo v-rat ~v E>e:ta Ae:t-roupy[a -:oEivat nporpavtc; nap' oAa au· EXOUflE napaetae:t , o-rt o~ mj .... :o

M YJ'tp01COAhe:c; XC<t te:pe:ic; 0~ ~ Xpua6aTOflO at etfla'ta ~.~a-:z

********* ** .. "'"

«IlpoarasOfJ.cV va xaOa!p a{3vre:po~ nov oixe:ral TO :3 • nota dvat ~ aufJ.cpwv{a rou. ~ ~ tJ.e:p{oa rou marou tJ.i r6'1 -

«'En{axono~ Yf Ilpe:af3u-:~o {3anTta(J.iVO~, {3anr{ar; Yl ob "' and TOV~ aae:{3e:i:~, va xaOa!p~ IJraup6 xa{ rov Bavaro -rou I\. rov~ Ee:pe:i:~, rwv cjJe:uooi"cpiw',l

* *" 'E' ' 'E ' « av xanowc; maY.o::o1

oe:x-re:t oe:u-rtpa xe:tpo-rov[a a:: au-r6c; xai 6 xe:tpo-rov~aa~. Au· xav an6 -rt-row XAYJptx6 r, ~a XAYJptxoi dvat».

***

-H L1IL1A~KAAIA OP00L1030Y

- u; te:pouc; xavove:c; 't'Yj<;.

- 1 IIpw(3vTepo~ Yj ouxxollo~ :~a arpop{seTal, iall O[J.W~

aall XAYJplxo{, lla xaeal-

45oc; ~7toa-roAtx6c; Ka.v6va.c;)

~ . S~cxt Cx1t0 ~V aUVOOO Tijc; -~p8cxytvYJc; (9oc; Kcxvovcxc;),

- 1:otaou (PG 160, 97C) xcxi

•· («'Ema-roA.~ a-roue; Kcx-

.!:" J'IOOOl xa{ oJ..e~ o[ 'lepi~

- -:! -J:-ov~ lla rpvyoull [J.axpux

!p~ar; xa{ anayopcVOUll lla

(~Aywc; Mapxoc; 'Ecptaou)

; C )(pUaOaTO[J.O~ anoxaJ..ei

; a!pe:nxov~, aMa in{ar;~

;l!a f1.as{ Tou~». A ywc; 0e:6owpoc; ~-rouoh'l)c;)

Be:~cxtwc;, o-rcxv ot 11cx-rtpe:c; T~c; 'ExxA.Yjatcxc; f.J.tAave: yta bttXOLVWVtCX {.J.t -roue; he:pooo!;ouc;, otv avcxcptpov-rcxt f.J.OVO a-r~v Eldcx Euxcxpw-rtcx, aA.A.a bttaYJc; a~v bnxotvwv(cx xcx(

~v auf.J.npoae:ux~. 'EniaYJc; a' cxu-ro -ro aYJ{.J.Eio 8a ~-rcxv xp~atf.J.O yta {.J.iXc;, va

8U{.J.Yj800f.J.E O'tt OAOL ot 'Op8ooo!;ot Xpta'ttCXVOt, f.J.E'tCXXEtptsoV'tCXL ~v Eldcx Ae:t-roupy(cx -roo 'Iwavvou -roo Xpuaoa-rof.J.OU. Elvext npocpcxvtc; nap' oA.cx cxu-ra , a no -ra v-roxou{.J.tv-rcx nou E:xouf.J.e: ncxpcx8tae:t, o-rt ot a'Yjf.J.Eptvo( 'Op8ooo!;ot 11cx-rptapxe:c;, MYJ-rponoA.i-re:c; xcx( te:pe:ic; otv auf.J.cpwvoov {.J.t -rov 'IwavvYJ -rov Xpuaoa-rof.J.o at 8t{.J.cx-rcx nia-re:wc;.

***************************

«llpoaTasOfl.cll lla xaOatpe:iTat 6 'En{axono~ Yj 6 IIpea(3vTepo~ nov oixeTat TO (3anna[J.a TWll a[penXWll, ytaT{

nota dllal ~ auf1.rpwll{a Tou XpwTou npo~ TOll BdtaJ..; Yj nota ~ [J.cp{oa TOU ntaTOU [J.i TOll amaTo; »

(46oc; ~7toa-roAtx6c; Ka.v6va.c;)

* * * * * «'En{axono~ Yj II pea(3vTepo~ ath"oll nov dllal aJ..r;Otlla

(3anTta[J.illo~, (3anT{ar; Yj oill (3anT{ar; auToll nov [J.OAVliOr;xe

ano TOV~ aae(3ei~, lla xaewpeiTal aall (3J..aarpr;[J.o~ npo~ TOll

l:Taupo xa{ TOll eallaTO TOU Kup{ou, xa{ OlOTl oill Olaxp{llcl

Tov~ [epe:l~, TWll </Jeuooi"c:piwll » . ( 4 7 oc; ~ 7toa-roAtx6c; Ka.v6va.c;)

* * * * * « 'Eav x<Xnowc; 'Eniaxonoc; ~ IIpe:a~u-re:poc; ~ iltaxovoc;

OEX'tEi OEU'ttpcx XEtpO'tOVtCX Cx1t0 XcX1tOLOV, VeX xcx8cxtpe:i'text XCXt au-roc; XCXt 6 xe:tpo-rov~acxc;. Au-rot at ot 6noiot xe:tpo-rov~8YJxcxv a no -rt-row XAYJptxo ~ ~cxn-rta'tYJXCXV , ou-re: ma-rot ou-re: XAYJptxo( dvcxt».

(68oc; ~7toa-roAtx6c; Ka.v6va.c;)

* * * * *

73

«'0 {3arrrta[J.ivoc; arr6 a[pc:rlXO rrpirrt::l Va ~ava{3arrr{sc:

rm 6-rav D.8c:t ar~v 'ExxJ..r;a{a ».

(1oc; Kavovcxc; Tijc; Luvooou Tijc; Kcxrx.YJ06vcxc;)

* * * * * «Lliv rrpim:l va Aa[J.{3avt::l xarrowc; c:uJ..oy{.sc; arr6 a[p.sn

xouc;, o[ orroic:c; f.J.lXMOV xarapc:c; dvm napa c:uJ..oy{.sc; ». (32oc; Kcxvovcxc; Tijc; Tomx~c; Luvooou Tijc; Acxootxdac;)

* * * * * «Lliv imrpirrc:rm va acp~vouv o[ Xptanavo{ roue; Map

-rupc:c; rou Xptarou xa{ va rrpoaxoMwvrm arouc; cjJ.suoOf.1aprupc:c;, or;J..ao~ roue; a[p.snxouc;. Au-ro{ dvm ~iVOl rrp6c; r6v G.s6 xa{ rrr;ya{vovrac; rrp6c; aurouc; {3p{axovrat xarw arr6

ava8t::[J.a ». (34oc; Kcxvovcxc; Tijc; Tomx~c; Luvooou TI)c; Acxootxdcxc;)

* * * * * «Lliv rrpirrt::l va Aaf.1{3avc:l xarrowc; owpa r{c; ywpric; arr6

roue; a[pc:nxouc; ~ roue; 'Iouoa{ouc;, our.s va topras.st f.1as{ rove;».

(37oc;, 38oc;, 39oc; Kavove:c; T~c; Luvooou Tijc; Aaootxe:icxc;)

* * * * * «:4.xoJ..ou8wvrac; roue; xavovtxouc; 8t::a[J.oUc; rwv II aripwv

op{sof.J..SV orav oiv .sup{axovrm {3i{3aWl [J.aprupc:c;, OTl tva V~1rl0 dvm {3arrrta{J.iVO, Va {3arrT{S.STal ».

(84oc; Kcxvovcxc; Tijc; LT' OLxou~-te:vtx~c; Luvooou)

~-ro ~t~Ato ««Thyateira Confession» -r6 onoi:o cptpst ~v E:nta"Y]!J."YJ E:yxpta"Y] ~S E:xx/..Yjata<; ~c; Kwv/no/.."Y]c;, a~v as/..(oa 69 ota~eisOU!J.E:

«"0-rav otv ~p(axov-rm xov-rei at Pw[J.moxa8o/..tx~ 'ExXAYjata ol Pw[Lataxa8o/..txo(, E:m-rptns-rat vei J..ei~ouv -r~v 0da Kotvwvta an6 'Op86oo!;o Na6, xat -r6 Yow E7tEX"LElVE"LCXl a-roue; 'Op8o06!;ouc;, o-rav otv ~ptaxov-rm xov-rei at 'Op-86oo!;o va6».

74

«Etvm -rwpa E:m-rps~.~o -:~ci

8o/..txous vei npoasuxov-ra~ !-!a~ vei -rs/..si:-rm at Pw[J.ataxa8oi.~z

pa napaxwpst-rat ana [J.qnz~.; -rt/..wYj Ka8o/..tx~s AEt-roup ,'!.a.;

'Eeiv dvm napa~(aaYj 7Y.:; · XOLVWVta at [L~ '0p86ooso. -:-6-:-; -rtxei [Lt au-rei -rei xp6vta (:975 ITa-rpwpxsi:o unoa-r"Y)pt<:_;~~ -:i. E oxapta-rta<; xat [LeiAta~a ~:: _

~eia"Y] 6 ITa-rp. 'A8"Y]vayopa.; .... O!J.OAoy(a, E:cpap[L6{:_;st 7f, ~ 0.7·. -.... "LOUAeiXta"LOV a1t0 "LO SSX(Vlj!-la M6axac; -r6 xeivst E:nta"Y]!J.a 0..::6

* Tov L'le:XEfl~PLO TOU 19 3 0 n Eyxuxf..w 6p£~oVTcxc; OTt, o£v Yr.a'J :S;:. 'OpBooot;o ~aae:t T~c; Eyxuxi.(ou -:-14/3/1967. "0~-twc; To 1971 o i:o~o:; o owae: n)v Tipoavcx<pe:pOflEVYJ Eyzu;.-.A!O <pave:tcx OTt E:owae: Bdcx xotvwv~a zcr:{ c;

TWTcXVTe:c;. AtllO GYJflCXlVEt EVa a;:o-:-1) BaaYJ TI)c; Eyxuxf..£ou Tou _ o -

flCXTtaBe:t , oTiwc; 6p£~ouv ot te:poi z 2) IIcxpa TO ye:yovoc; o·n au-:-6; 0

'ABYJvcxyopcxc; otv E:owae: X<Xflll':cr: err. 'Ecp oaov 6 IIaTp. 'ABYJvcr:yopa:: -

TOUAcXXtGTOV fll<X OYJflOGLcr: flO!lc;>.;. -=."':

vou~-te: OTt ~ oe:uTEPYJ t'mo6e:mj flex:; -=. : To auflTIEpcxa~-tci ~-tcxc; a' aV-:-6 -:-6 '"=

TO OLXOUflEVt){Q IIcxTptarx.e:Io oi'l ~: «Thyateira Confession» 11:00 :S;::or..! cpcxve:pa EmTpETie:t n)v Emxmvwl.cr: oot;wv.

:; -:7;:; Luv6oou tijc; KapxYJ06vac;)

r -:-O!OS" cUAOy{cS" ana a[pcTl

"": ~ ='/at napa cuitoy{cs-». - -: ~x~c; Luv6oou tijc; Aaootxdac;)

o f. Xpw-rwvo{ mus- Map

mous- </JcUOOflcXp. . 4.v-ro{ dvat sivot np6s- TOV :-au; {3p{axov-rat xchw cm6

- -: ~x~c; Luv6oou tijc; Aaootxdac;)

-:-ows- owpa -r{s- ywp-ris- an6

11""-""Ao-u•v..,'", OUTc va iop-rasct [las{

8Eaf10US" -rwv II a-ripwv 3i{3awt [lap-rupcs-, on tva

sion» -ro 6rroi:o <ptpe:t Tijv ; ~; Kwv/rrOArJc; , a-djv ae:Aioa

at Pw[lcxtoxcxEloAtx~ 'Ex-, , ',A ,

~;: ~ -:pETlE'tCXt VCX ACXtJOUV 't'IJV . ·ao . xai -ro 'Cow trre:x-re:ive: ~ 3piaxov-rat xov-ra at 'Op -

«Elvm -rwpcx bn-rpe:rr-ro yta 'OpElooo!;ouc; xai Pw[lcxtoxcxEloAtxouc; va rrpoae:uxov-rat [lCXSt XCXt ~ 'OpElooosrJ AEt-roupy(cx va -re:AEi:-rat at Pw[latoxcxEloAtxo vcxo. IIcxpaAArJA'IJ aoe:tcx -rwpa rrcxpcxxwpe:i:-rat (mo [lEptxtc; opElooo!;e:c; EXXA'Ijate:c; yta Tijv "t"EAEO'IJ KcxEloAtx~c; AEt-roupyicxc; at 'OpElooo!;ouc; vcxouc;».*

'Eav dvat rrcxpcx~icxarJ ~c; 'OpElooo!;ou rria-re:wc; va ooEle:i: XOtVWVtCX at [l~ 'OpEJoooso , "t"O"t"E 'tt [l1lOf)OU[lE va TrOU[lE axe:'ttXa [lt cxu-ra -ra xpovtcx (1975-1983) ' O"t"CXV 'tO otxOU[lEVtXO IIcx-rptcxpxEi:o lmoa-rrJpise:t -r~v aAArJAO[le:-raooarJ -r~c; 0e:tcxc; Euxcxpta-ricxc; xai [lcXAw-rcx tm~[lwc;; 'Erravw at ave:rrtarJ[l'IJ ~aarJ 6 IIcx-rp. 'AElYjvcxyopcxc; [lE 't~V otxta "t"OU rrpoawmx~ 6[lOAoyicx , t<pcxp[lose:t Tijv CxAAYjAO[lE'tcXOOaYj -rwv [.LUa-rrJptwv 'tOUAcXXW'tOV arro 'tO !;e:xtVYj[lCX "t"OU 1971. Kcxt 6 IIcx-rptapxrJc; Moaxcxc; 'tO xave:t ETrtaYj[lCX arro 'tO 1969.

* T6v LlExttJ-~PtO -rou 1983 6 ITa-rpt<ipxYJc; LlYJtJ-~-rpwc; tl;towaE tJ-[a tyxuxAtO 6p11;ov-rac; o-rt , otv ~-rav bmpE'TITO v<i owaOU!J-E xatvwv[a at 11-~ 'Op86ool;o ~<iaEt -r~c; tyxuxA[ou -rou ITa-rpt<ipxou 'AOYJvay6pa a-r[c; 14/3/1967. "OtJ-wc; -r6 1971 6 'lowe; 6 ITa-rpt<ipxYJc; 'AOYJvay6pac; nou tl;towaE ~v npoava<pEpO!J-EVYJ tyxuxAtO -rou 1967 , napaotx-rYJXE tJ-t LJTIEpYJ<paVEta o-rt i::owaE 8E[a xotvwv[a xa[ at PwtJ-atOxaBoAtxouc; , xa[ at ITpo-rEa-r<iv-rEc; . Au-r6 aYJtJ-CXLVEt sva <'m6 -r<i 000:

1) B<iaYJ tijc; tyxuxA[ou -rou , 6 'A8YJvay6pac; B<i i::npETIE v<i cmoaxYJtJ-a-rta8Et , OTIW<; 6p[i,;ouv Ol lEpo[ XCXVOVE<; , ~ ,

2) ITap<i -r6 yqov6c; O'tt au-roc; 6 'lowe; 't~V tl;towaE , 6 ITa-rpt<ipxYJc; 'AOYJvay6pac; otv i::owaE xatJ-tJ-[a awaa[a a~v auyxExpt!J-EvYJ tyxuxAtO.

'E<p oaov 6 ITa-rp. 'A8Yjvay6pac; otv CXTIEOXYJ!J-a-r[a8YJ ~ otv -rou i::ytvE -rouA<ixw-rov tJ-[a oYJ!J-Oata !J-O!J-<p~ , dtJ-aa-rE <'xvayxaatJ-tvat v<i autJ-TIEp<ivoutJ-E o-rt ~ oEU-rEpYJ Lm68Ea~ 11-ac; dvat CxAYJ8tv~.

T6 autJ-ntpaaf.l<i tJ-ac; a' au-r6 -r6 etf.la EVtaXUE'tat CxTIO -r6 yEyov6c; O'tt , -r6 OixoutJ-EVtx6 ITa-rptapXEto otv EXEt tm~tJ-wc; xa-raotx<iaEt -r6 ~t~A[o «Thyateira Confession » nou ETILaYJf.lCX auvta-rcnat -r6 1975 , xa[ -r6 6noto <pavEp<i tm-rptTIEt -r~v tmxotvwv[a tJ-E-ral;u PwtJ-awxa8oAtxwv xa[ 'Op8o-06l;wv .

75

?fl"72()<lO'{OXfJ 1.11102,1X.o .57.l,t':!J»

·« 5ol13rip)XJA.d3.lXJx A~doedJ

I\~ C'J(}D1111XJdJ 10.0 .50X!J'{ 'U!J31-: ·J.ml13()dXJ:Jt 11px 'U!J3.l.OUI1 11px

t..XJ;g ~.l ~dmt 11C'JAf't:' 9 .S!J IJ»

o:....o;u? , 1g 31;,13 'noA.p'{ ~1g 3.1;.13 ~XJ:.. 3.l]3.lXJdX }XJX 3.l3X~.lg»

f-1\3"GVNV 'Q011XJdQo J? .50'{3A. "'lriQ 7XJ.l3J}'{3ilXJQ3 .S1.1 K!J»

r.:2ex;; 1rl? 11~.l3(}{J 9 }XJX J3.l3(}{J "(Xj QOrf? '11~rfQ 11C'J!JOX{J Q,»

: f\<;llL p ')XJd;'JWII )oo

~ll% S00'(91.D01LV,. )OOJAV, SC)Ol.

~'-ll'(:!.~ S<:J 'SXJrl S91d0JI 0, ~;gndXJlL XlJ3X3f\OD f\f ll201L9 ~1.

~"f! ill'1-f\OXA;'J'(f X>dg9cb.o 10201L9

•c_:l(lClO'(OX~ f\;'Jg Jl.Xl1g JXlX ll93ri

,c_::l'('(O~ (\c_:lJ.. xf XlAJ'(9 f\3n(l)d?cb

orJ.."f! f\c_:ll. (\ 1D1l.<:Jcbmg S9du

D:.!9 r,~p. 91L~ 'f\9g9 f\XlJ39Q3 f\lp.

QO(lD11.(1)cbXJ1g 001.9, )(I)~ 'Xl93rl

' jll% f\3nOX;'Jl.XlX '(QOJ..D1dX 11.1d

? I !..t:. . (\XJ139~'(~ (\lp. Sp 1X)J..2AO'(

oao~ O'('(V,, · mXJg;'lg 1X0,, ~ SXJrl

::oo~ mg~'(XXldXJlL ~1. Xl'(9, ;'lrl

·n:..C'Jdom.o 10 )(l)lL~rl '~'('tV..

9L

·mf\;'31f\OD IJ.g~x:oog~ XQO )XJgC)OL )orlof\~dm.L 9 '('(V.. · f\~J..QXJ

)XJJrlOf\XldXllL )~1. )3J..f\OXA;'J'(f 'f\~1.1AO'(Od3rliJ.o3N f\~1. f\OJMXlf\f

f\~n~ ,cbQ JXlX f\XJDIJ.cb~d.A.f 'OO'('("f> ~lf '10diJ.'(X9'(9 10rl9.1

. «)938 9 (\~rl~ ,g3rl 11.9, '39.0~1.1.~

JXlX IJ.f\9~,. 31-~f\A ')938 9 f\~rl~ ,93J,\J>> 91. ~gf ~gX3'( ~(\ mwf\

-C)g 'f\91L10'( ')(I)JXlX1V' . (\~yj~ ,g3rJmf\p JXlX 01.~ '()938 9 f\)l.Df

)11.~) Xl139~'(~ ~ 11.91g ')(l)rl9, f\XJD(I)9d91.XlX 91. f\;'3\7 . f$1)1. (\X)

-pdolL f\IJ.f\;'Jri'(Xlcb.Of f\lp. )p f\3n(I)D~900'(0X~ )C)Ol. ~(\ f\3n~g.o

-XJXAXJ(\~ Xlf$, 'C)9rlg1d~ f\)l.Df XQO (\'2) Ol.f\Of\;'JAf JOrlA(I)1g 101.

-Xll.9dgocb.o JXlX f\~n~ ,9XlX f\XJDIJ.cb~dAf 10diJ.'(X9'(9 10rl9.1

j mM03~dX3X 109J'( 10 f\3n

-(1).0~1L(I)1.0 )(l)ng )23n~ (\~~. ~ f\3n(l).o~'tXl't Jl., ~ ~ f\3n(l)lLP J.L

. f\Od31.<;J11L~ (\~f\IJ.gv._ f\~l. )XJJDIJ.'(XX~, )~

JXlX )XJJDIJ.'(XX~, )~X.1.XJd13II )~1. f\9rlgm~ f\9X1f\(l)cb01gXld f\91.

91L~ )(l)d;'J1.1Xl1gt 'f\XlJXXlX JXlX f\Xl139~1Lrlf f\hDJ.A.3rl ;'Jri )(1)3D<;Jd

-3rl!J.f\f )~x12Xlrl XlD;'Jrl ~1. Xl'(9, ?rlmMOgJgmg Xl2Xll.03'(31. X>d<;Jl.

JXlX 'f\(1)1. ~x1g01d31L ~1. )p mMocb~d.A. '('706 T) OOJAO'(Ol.dO?

QOl. )~Xl'('(~ )~ 91L~ mMOA;'J'( f\(l)l.C)Ol. Xlf\OdJ3X JXlX Xll.QXJ.L

. )XJJDIJ.'(XX~, f\~n~ 0039gogd0,

)~ mdfp..oow · L ~lL10'( ~J.. JXlX (\~rl~ f\(I);'Jd3L (\~J.. X>Jf\OJ..Od13X

~ '~gXJ'(IJ.g 'XlnD11.lL~H 9.1 "«f\~X1diJ.y)J» f\(1)1. f\~x1gt f\~l. 91LQ

mMOf\~grlXJ'(Xlf\XllLf ~(\ 13lL;'JdlL JXlX '« V dJ..JfV» mf\p mdlp..o

-On ~d31, Xlf\3rlC)0'(31. f\~X1diJ.'(:)l (\~l. (\~yj~ cbQ ~1. JXlX «)XlJD

-IJ.'(XX~, )~ )91.Xf» Xl93rlp 11.9, '('166V'7&6T) h~ ~X3f\().0 OL JlLf Xl93rlc;odo.A.IJ.wx '(JOf\mw1dx w3og9gdo, 101.o~f\J) Q 1Xl1.2AO'(Od3rliJ.Om'(XllL 10f\3rlC)O'(XlXOlL~ )~X1l.DXl03'(X 1

:iVI38HVV :iH]; H<DOd];:iVI\7

GEIA~

.O"'j!J.EpOAOyt'!CXl ~vopou!J.e:ea E:n:C

:::: -:-o:; ~c; 'ExxArJ..;.:;: ~a 'Ie:pa !J.U

:-: aACX!J.~CxVOV'!at

-:-;.aua, orJAao~, ~ L . Iua~pla ~c;

, .a~•tpwc; exn:o -; "EzY.ArJa[ac; xa[

; ·. va exvayxa·. utvrJV n:opdii..~e e:la C~•lc;

---'C....O..."'-'' ;. i..omov, au.::.-:::: "EevrJ xa[

'AA.Aa , !l~n:wc; ot a'!aupw•a[ '!OU Xpta'!ou !J.ac; Cot t~pai:ol !J.E oAa '!a n:apaxAaola '!ouc;) , E:n:Ca'!e:uaav de; '!OV Kuplov !J.ac;; "0Xl ~t~ata. "AAAo '!Oao ea n:ta'!e:uaouv ot Ne:orJ!J.EpoAoyhal de; ~v CxA~ee:laV ' ~v on:o[av ~!J.e:i:c; ot '!CX1tE:lVO[ Cxapm XplG'!OU) ' XCX'!EXO!J.EV xa[ Ol1 au~v aee:vapwc; exywvlsO!J.Eea, E:wc; o•ou olwpw•weouv xa[ au'!o[ xa£ E:n:avtAeouv de; ~v e:uedav ooov ' exn:o ~v on:o[av E:t;e:•pan:rJaav.

IIpoc; OlWpc.:malV '!WV exyvoounwv ~v CxA~ee:lCXV ea. exvac.ptpW!J.EV OA[ya E:x '!WV n:oA.Awv ' OlCx va c.pav~ n:ou G'!rJPlsO!J.e:ea xa[ OlCX'![ otv CxXOAouew!J.EV '!ouc; Ne:OrJ!J.EpoAoyhac; , ot on:oi:ol ac.poopa EAEYXOV'!CXl exn:o '!a exxoAouea 'le:pa xd!J.E:Va , '!Cx on:oi:a EV auve:xda n:apaee'!O!J.EV.

·o Kuploc; !lac; , we; exn:Aave:tc; oorJyouc; ac.prJae:v de; ~!lac; •ouc; :AyCouc; 'An:omoAouc; xa£ •ouc; ~laooxouc; au•wv :Ay£ouc; Ila•tpac;, dm0v:

«'0 axouwv Uf1WV, i{1ou axouc:t xa{ 6 a8c:-rwv uwxc;, i{1i aec:-rc:i xa{ 6 aec:-rwv i{1i aec:-rc:i TO)) an:oa-rdAav-ra f1C: ».

«Ei' nc; dJayyc:A{sc:-rat Vf1iv nap' o rrapc:Aa{3c:-rc:, x&v ~yyc:JLoc; i~ oupavou, ANAfJEMA la-rw».

«l:T~XC:TC: xa{ xpa-rc:iTC: rae; rrapao6ac:tc;, ac; iotoax8'Y/TC: c:irc: ota A6you, c:hc: ot' immoA~c; ~f1wv ».

«llac; 6 Atywv rrapa Ta OtaTC:Tay{1iva, x&v a~t6mmoc; ~. x&v V'Y/a-rc:ur;, x&v rrap8c:vc:ur;, x&v ar;{1c:ia rrot~, x&v rrpoq;'Y/-rc:u'Y/, JLuxoc; aot q;atvia8w iv rrpo{3a-rou oopa, rrpo{3a-rwv cp8opaV XaTc:pyasOf1C:VO<; ».

('Iyvchwc; 6 8c:ocp6poc;) .

«Ei' Tt<; axisovn axoAou8c:i, BaatAdav ec:ou ou xAYJpoV0{1C:i». ('Iyvacwc; 6 8e:ocp6poc;).

77

«'Arravra ra rrapa r~v 'ExxJ.r;awanx~v rrapaooaw, xa{ T~V otoaaxaA{av, xa{ urror(mwatv TWV ay{wv xa{ aOlOlf.lWV

IIaripwv xatvOrof.Lr;8ivra Yj f.LC:Ta rouro rrpax8r;a6f.Lc:va, ANABEMA y' »

(Z' Olx. Luvoooc;).

«"OJ.ot.; roi.; a[pc:rtxoi.;, ANA BEMA y' »

«El oi xa{ rravu 6J.{yot iv rfl 'Op8ooo;tq. xa{ c:vai{3c:tq.

Otaf.ldVWOlV, OUTOl c:latv EKKAHEIA xa{ r6 xupo.; xa{ ~

rrpoaraa{a rwv 'ExxJ.r;maanxwv ec:af.LWV iv auTot:.; xc:f:Tat ».

(A.ywc; Ntx"f]cp6poc;, IIcx-cptapx"fJc; Kwva-ccxv-ctvoun6J..o:wc; 6 OflOAOY"IJnJc;).

Ta f.LEXP~S tow &vacpc:p8tv.a , of..iya mha 'A1tomof..~xa xai IIa•c:p~xa xdf.LEVa , &ya7tYJ'L'Ot [.Lac; VEOYJf.LEpof..oyi:•at, 7tOtouc; tf..tyxouv; IIoi:o~ •a 7tEp~cppovouv; 'H[.Lr::i:c; ot IIaf..aWYJ[.LEpof..oyhat, ~ ac:i:c; ot NEOYJf.LEpof..oyi:•at;

'Aacpaf..wc; ac:i:c; •a 7tEp~cppovEi:'t'E xai •a xa't'a7ta't'EhE xai OX~ ~[.LEi:c; ot IlaAatOYJ[.LEpof..oyi:m~. 'Eaiic; xa't'ao~xasouv [.LE 't'a cpp~x•a xai cpo~c:pa ANA0EMAT A xai ox~ ~!liic; •ouc; IIaAaWYJf.LEpof..oyi•ac;.

~~a•i Aom6v o~aa't'pEcpE't'E 'l~V CxA~8E~av xai 1tapa7tAaVEt't'E •ov 1tc:pwuawv •ou Kupiou 'Ef..AYJv~x6v f..a6v; ~~a•i At

YE't'E •6 cpwc; ax6•oc; , •6 yf..uxu mxp6v xai •~v &f..~8c:~av ~c:uooc;; Mv cpo~Ei:a8c: •6v 0c:6v •au•a Atyov•c:c; xai 1tpa••ov•c:c; , E~O[.LOtOU[.LEVO~ othw xa•a 1ttXV't'a [.LE 't'Ouc; rpa[.L[.La't'Ei:c; xai <Dap~aaiouc; , •ouc; 61toiouc; 6 Kup~6c; [.Lac; , auvc:xwc; ~AEYXE [.LE 't'tX cpo~c:pa «OUat»;

«Ova{ Uf.llV TpCXf.lf.lCXTc:i<; xa{ Cl>aptaaiot, urroxptra{. 'Yf.lcl<;

ovx daipxwec: d.; T~V BaatAdav rwv Ovpavwv, xa{ rou.; dac:pxof.livou.; xwJ.uc:-rc: dac:A8c:iv »

(Mcx-c8. 23, 14).

78

IIp6c; EVYJ[.Ltpwmv -wv a.-,-v [.La 7tpbtE~ va AEx8ouv -:a az6

T6 ~f.LEpoA6ywv ~To f. ~~a~o 1582. T6 hoc; atn6 . 6 a~p~-=~·. af..Aa~E, xai tcp~p[.Loac:v s~:; . · XAYJaiav », •6 vtov , •6 6;:o ~o rpYJyop~av6v , 8c:wpYJ8tv u;:6 -: . pov •ou Emxpa•ouv•oc; [.Li'f.p~ ·

T6 E1tO[.LEvov b:•oc; 15 3 au.' AE~ , ~uvoooc; of..wv •wv II a-: . 'Ic:pwv ~uv6owv , xai t;:w-:a!l=: [.La, cmc:cpaawc:v 6[.Locpw 1w; -: ~f.LEpof..oyiou.

~uvoooc; 152 'Emax6;:w•. _ O't'aV't'~VOU1tOAE~ Xa't'a 't'O s-:o;

«"Orrow.; Oiv axoJ.ou8c:! :-a a[ i1t-ra 'A ywt OlXOUf.LC:V!%CX! ~v

IIaaxa xa{ -r6 Mr;voJ.6yw'/ %

AOV8Wf.LC:V, xa{ 8iAC:l va Cx%0/mJ

J.wv xa{ viov f.l"f/VOA6ywv -:-w•

xa{ ivmmwvc:-rat d.; oAa au-:-a

va xaJ.aar; -ra II a-rporrapaoo-:o,

xJ.r;ata.;, a.; txr; -r6 ANAGE..IA. J

xJ.r;a{ac;, a.; dvat xa{ rij.; :-wy ;-:

«Ec:i.; oi o[ c:vac:{3c:i.; %a! ·c ol.; i[.la8a-rc: xa{ iyc:vv~err;~ %cd

Mar; 6 xatp6.; xa{ ~ xpda %a:

oux va cpuJ.a;r;-rc: -r~v II a-:-po:-: y{av aa.; xa{ va cpuAayw8~ a-:-rc:, l'va xa{ 6 Kupw.; ~f.lW'.I ·;r;c;

·o-./.r;maanx~v n:apaoomv, xa{ - ,.- !\1 TWV ay{wv xa{ aotl3{f.J.WV

=:-:a rouro n:pax8r;aotJ.zva,

(Z' mx. LUVOooc;).

: ~ "Op8ooos{~ xa{ zuai{3zt~ • - ~lll:IA xa{ TO xupoc; xa{ ~

-" 8zatJ.WV iv au-rotq XZl'rat».

-:avnvoun:o/..Ewc; 6 OflOAOYYJn1c;) .

-a. 6A.iya au-ra 1\n:oa-roA.txa 7 { uac; VEOYJflEpOAOyhat , 7t0t

'"""""""~·-•uUV; 'Hfle:~c; ot ITaAatOYJflE::at;

=: ~ -:=: xat -rc:X xa-rana-re:~-re: xat . . 'Eaiic; xa-raotxc:Xsouv flE TA xat oxt ~!liic; -roue; ITa-

aA.~0e:tav xat napan:A.au ·EAAYJVtx6v A.a6v; ~ta-rt At

. u ;: ~ xp6v xat -r~v &A.~0e:wv -:a u-ra Atyov-re:c; xat n:pc:X-r-

-:ci. ;:av-ra flE -roue; fpafl!la-- ~u; 6 Kupt6c; fla<; , auve:xwc;

W!aaiot, (moxptra{. 'Ypdc;

" -:wv Oupavwv, xa{ roue;

(Mace. 23 , 14) .

I1p6c; EVYJflEpwatv -rwv exyvoouv-rwv -r6 ~f1EpoA.oytax6v etfla npbce:t vc:X A.zx0ouv -rc:X &x6A.ou0a:

T6 ~f1e:poA6ywv ~-ro E:vta~ov de; oA.ov -r6v x6af1.0V flEXPt -r6 1582. T6 hoc; wh6 , 6 atpe:-rtx6c; ITc:Xnac; fpY)y6pwc; 6 If' -r6 CX.A.A.at;e:, xai E:cp~pfl.Oae:v de; ~v ~u-rtx~v , ITamx~v -rou «'ExXAY)atav», -r6 vtov, -r6 6no~ov np6c; 'Ltfl~V -rou, WVOflcX00YJ fpY)yoptav6v , 0e:wpYJ0tv Lm6 -rwv &a-rpoA6ywv -rou -re:A.e:t6-re:pov -rou E:mxpa-rouv-roc; flEXPt -r6-re: 'IouA.tavou ~fle:poA.oytou.

T6 E7tOf1e:vov E:-roc; 1583 auve:A.0ouaa E:v Kwva-rav-rtvoun6-Ae:t ' L:uvoooc; OAWV -rwv ITa-rpwpxwv flE'LcX -rwv ne:pt au-rwv 'Ie:pwv L:uv6owv ' xat E7ttOLaf1EVwc; flE:Ae:~aaaa -r6 OAOV etfla , &n:e:cpaawe:v 6flocpwvwc; -ra &x6A.ou0a xa-rc:X -rou vtou ~fle:poA.oy(ou.

L:uvoooc; 152 'Emax6nwv E:nt 'Ie:pe:f1tou -rou B' E:v Kwva-rav-rtVoun6A.e:t xa-rc:X -r6 hoc; 1593.

«"On:owc; oiv axo).ou82i Ta €8ttJ.a rijc; 'Exx).r;a{ac; xaewc; a[ tn:ra 11 ywt OlxoutJ.zvtxa{ L;uvooat t8iamaav xa{ ro 11 ywv Ilaaxa xa{ ro Mr;vo).oywv xa).wc; iVOfJ.08iTr;aav va axo).ou8Wf12V, xa{ 8iA£t va axoAou8if TO vwzrpzupzrov IlaaxaAWV xa{ viov fJ."f/VOAOywv TWV a8iwv aarpOVOfJ.WV TOU I! ana xa{ ivaVTtWVZTW de; o).a aura xa{ 8iAzt Va ra avarpicjJr; xa{ va xa).aar; ra Ilarpon:apaoora ooytJ.aTa xa{ €8ttJ.a rife; 'Exx).r;a{ac;, &c; txr; ro ANA6EMA xa{ lsw rijc; rou Xpwrou 'Exx).r;a{ac;, &c; dvw xa{ rife; rwv marwv 6f.J.r;y(>pzwc;» .

(I1pii1;tc; 7Yj)

«L;zic; oi o[ zuaz{3£ic; xa{ 'Op8ooosot Xptmtavo{ tJ.iVZT£ tv ole; itJ.a8arz xa{ tyzvv~er;rz xa{ avzrparpr;rz, xa{ omv ro xaMar; 6 xwpoc; xa{ ~ xpda xa{ aUTO TO altJ.a aac; va xuar;rz ota va rpuAasr;rz T~V Ilarpon:apaoOTOV n:{anv xa{ 'Of.J.OAOy{av aac; xa{ va rpu).ayzaez an:o TWV TOWUTWV xa{ n:poaixz

T£, tva xa{ 6 Kupwc; ~f.J.WV 'Ir;aouc; Xptaroc; aac; {3or;8if, &tJ.a

xed ~ cVX~ r~c; ~f.l.WV f.l.CTp£6-rr;roc; dr; f.1c8 ' cbravrwv Uf.J.WV.

ilf.J.~V ». (ITpa~tc; 8Yj)

'Ic:pc:~iac; B' IIa-qnapxYJc; ~(A~Ecr~poc; » ~wq>povwc; » Kat at 'Aytat ~uvooot a l.rrwv .

Kwva-wnt vounoAc:wc; 'AAc:!;avopdac; 'Ic:pocroM~wv

IIapo[Lota cmEq>acrtcr8YJcrav xai xa-ra -ra it-rYJ 1587 xat 1589 tni IIa-rptapxwv

' Ic:pc:~(ou B' IIa-rptapxou Kwva-rav-rtvounoAc:wc; Mc:A.c:-riou ITl)ya » 'AAE!;avopdac; 'Iwaxd~ » 'Av-rwxdac; xat ~wq>pov(ou » 'IEpocroAU[LWV [LE-ra -rwv 7tEpt au-roue; 'lc:pwv ~UVOOWV .

To it-roc; 1923 ~ytp8YJ 8t[La aAAanc; -rou ~[LEpoAoytou de; ~v 'EAA.aoa . 'H -ro-rc: Ku~tpvYJmc; avt8c:crE ~v [LEAE""CYJV -rou npo~~-~~a-roc; de; tm-rpo~v dotxwv 'Emcr-rYJ~ovwv ~t IIpoc:opov -rov Ka8YJYYJ~V -rou IIavc:mcr-rYJ~tou 'A8YJvwv 'Apxt~ . Xpuaoa-ro~ov IIanaoonouAov , ~E-rtnc:t-ra 'Apxtc:niaxonov 'A8YJvwv xai nacrYJc; 'EAAaooc;.

'H tm-rpo7t~ au~ [LE E[L7tEptcr-ra-rW[LEVYJV itx8wtv cl)c; npoc; ~v Ku~EPVYJatV , avaq>tpc:t , Oct otv OU[Lq>EpEt de; ~v 'ExXAYJcriav -rijc; 'EI-Aaooc; va aAA.asYJ xai [LE-ra8tcrYJ -ro top-roA6ytov -rYJc; de; -co fpY]yoptavov , (vtov) IIamxov ~[LEpoMywv , oto-rt 8a xa-racr"rij ~XI~MA TIKH itvav-rt -rwv aAA.wv 'Op8o06!;wv 'ExxAYJatWV.

To-re: ~ Ku~tpvY]atc; nav-raxo8e:v me:sOfLEVYJ ane:q>amcre: xai fLE BamAtxov ~ta-ray[La tmoypaq>tv -ro 1923 uno -rou -ro-re: BamAtwc; fEwpyiou ""COU B' avaq>tpe:t: « 'AAAasO[LEV [LOVOV -co ~fLEpoA6ywv xai oxt -co top-coA6ywv». « Kat ~ 'E8vtx~ top~ 25 Map-riou 8a top-rasE-rat [LE -ro naAat6v ~[Le:poA6-ytav».

80

~YJAao~, ~ IIoAt-rda o~a -:- , ea EXYJ -ro vtov ( payxtXO'I xo ~ at 'ExxAYJcrta 8a EXYJ -:o -;:a)

~lJ~dwcrtc; . To avw-:c:pw 1~ xa8o-rt a tv EXEt axupw8s~.

'Es OAWV al.nwv t!;ays-:-a~ IlaAatOYJ[LEpoAoyi:-rat d[Ls8a . q>acrc:tc; "rijc; 'ExxAYJatac; -:ou . · 1583, 1587 xat 1593) xm s~:;-:-

'Onota O[Lwc; -rpaytx~ s~p pOU[LEV -roue; No[LOU<; xa[ -:a; 'ExxAYJcrta<; xat -rou xpa·wu:;. 6 tx-roc; 'ExXAYJcrtac;», tvw ixs~ C>7t0t0t xa-rana-rouv Cx[Lq>O-:spa [LOU xai tv-roc; Tij 'ExxAYJcria:;~ . no-rc: EXEt xa-raotxacrEt ~ ixi,r. [Lac; 8Ewpouv, ot OYJfLEptvo£ fp <l>payxtxou ~[LEpOAOytou. ch !

-ra xa-ra nav-ra VO[Lt[La xa[ s-,~/. ~a<;, Va [L~V -ra avayvwpisou ~ -rwv 'A yiwv IIa-rtpwv [Lac; xa-: ocrac; 7tapa~acrEt<; xat xa-:a9p0 oo!;ou 'ExXAY]crtac; NO[LWV xa' tau-rov -roue; VO[Lt[LOV xa( xavo

pi:!;ov 1jAtE xai -rpofLas,o" · mpoq>~v -rwv npay[La-rwv xa~ -:1

napa nAavYJmv -rou Aaou [La:;. I< -rt ou-roc; 6 A.aoc; -rou Kup£ou. o a nocr-ra-rac; OYJ [LEpwouc; KAr.p~z onoi:ot itxouv tvwe~ fLE oi..ou:; n Aa va-rm nAavYJv q>o~c:pav. ·· -:t. xoAamv , on ou tni -rou ixa9a:i. crxw-rtxot ~yt-rm -rwv. (T£ zp~! XEi:pac; 0wu swn oc;. KaAO'J a v8pwnoc; ou-roc; !

. amxVTWll Uf..LWll.

"":aV"t~VOU7tOAe:wc;

, ~~'X'Iopdac; OAU[.J.WV

-: r:i -& E"t'YJ 1587 xai

~-:av"t~VOU7tOAe:wc;

, ~ ~a:·1opdac;

- ~fJ.e:poA.oy(ou de; - ~ -~ -:r,v [.J.EAE"t'YJV "tOU

- --:j[.J.OVWV [.J.E ITpo-:-\8'Y)VWV 'ApX~fJ..

~ :a Apx~e:niaxonov

~z8w(v "t'Y)c; npoc; ~-de; ~v 'ExXA'Y)

-:o top"toMy~ov -~poMywv, o~o•~ · · wv 'Op8o061;wv

~:: ~ i I'YJ ane:<paawe: 923 uno "tOU "tO

. ··J as Of-LEV f.LOVOV • · Ka( ~ 'E8v~x~

- ·. mov ~[.J.e:poM-

LlYJAao~, ~ IToA~"tda o~a •ac; E[.J.nop~xac; •'YJc; auvaAA.ayac; 8a EX'YJ •o vtov ( <l>payx~xov xo~ vwc; A.e:yo[.J.e:vov) ~[.J.e:poMywv, ~ ot 'ExxAYJa(a 8a EX'YJ "tO naA.mov top"toMy~ov "t'YJc;.

~'Yl~-te:1wa~s- To avw•ltpw Ll~a•ay[.J.a taxue:~ [.J.EXP~ ~f-le:pov, xa80"t~ OEV sxe:~ axupw8e:i:.

'Es oA.wv at:nwv t!;aye:•m •o au[.J.nltpaa[.J.a , o•~ ~[.J.dc; ol ITaAaW'Y)fJ.EpoA.oyi•a~ d[.J.e:8a NofJ.maye:i:c; xa( de; •ric; anoq>aae:~c; 'rijc; 'ExxA'Y)a1ac; "tOo Xp~a•ol> (BA.Ene: •ric; tyxuxA.(ouc; 1583, 1587 xai 1593) xai de; •ric; anoq>aae:~c; •ol> xpa•ouc;.

'Onoia Of.Lwc; "tpay~x~ dpwvda! 'Hf.Le:i:c; ol 6noi:o~ "t'Y)pol>[.J.EV •ouc; No[.J.ouc; xa( •ric; anoq>aae:~c; ·~c; 'Op8o061;ou 'ExxA'Y)aiac; xa( "tOo xpa"touc; , 8e:wpou[.J.e:8a «EX"toc; VOfJ.OU xa( tx•oc; 'ExxA'Y)aiac;», tvw txe:i:vm (ol Ne:O'YJ[.J.EpoA.oyi•m), ol 6noi:o~ xa"ta7ta"tOUV CxfJ.q>O"tEpa "ta CxVW"tEpw dva~ «EV"toc; vo[.J.OU xa( tnoc; 'rij 'ExxA'Y)a1ac;»!!! 'H[.J.iic;, •ouc; 6noiouc; ouot-7tO"tE sxe:~ Xa"tao~xaae:~ ~ CxA'Y)8~c; "tOU Xp~a"tOU 'ExXA'YJOLa , va [.J.iic; 8e:wpouv , ol O'YJ[.J.Ep~voi fpa[.J.[.J.a"te:i:c; xa( <l>ap~aai:o~ "tOU <l>payx~xou ~[.J.e:poA.oy(ou , o•~ d[.J.e:8a tx•oc; 'ExxA'Y)a1ac; xai •a xa"ta nav•a vof.L~[.J.a xa( E:yxupa 8e:i:a xai 'Ie:pa Mua~p~a [..lac; , va f-l~V "ta avayvwp1souv . Kai aU"tOL ol [.J.Up~ax~c; U7t0 "tWV 'A y(wv fla"tEpwv [..lac; xa"tao~xaa[.J.EVO~, o~a "tac; X~Aiac; oaac; napa~aae:~c; xai xa•aq>pov~ae:~c; "tWV 'Ie:pwv 'rijc; 'Op8o-061;ou 'ExxA'Y)a(ac; No[.J.wv xai Kavovwv , va 8e:wpouv "tOV tau"tov "touc; VO[..l~[.J.OV xai xavov~xov!!!

<l>pi:!;ov ~A~e: xai "tpO[.J.a!;ov ~ ~ , o~a "t~V "tO~aU"t'YJV o~a

a"tpoq>~v •wv npay[.J.a"twv xai 'rijc; aAYJ8dac; xa( ~v q>o~e:pav 7tapa7tArXV'Y)OLV "tOU Aaou [.J.ac;. Kai AU7t0Uf.LE:8a aq>oopa , 0~0-·~ OU"toc; 6 Aaoc; "tOU Kupiou ' 6 vtoc; 'Iapa~A axoA.ou8wv "touc; anoa•a•ac; O'YJ[.J.EpLVouc; KAYJp~xouc; •ol> vtou ~[.J.e:poA.oy(ou , ol 6noi:o~ sxouv tvw8~ [.J.E oA.ouc; auAA.~~O'YJV •ouc; alpn~xouc;, nA.avii•a~ nA.av'Y)v q>o~e:pav , ~·~c; •ouc; 60'Y)ye:i: de; ~v atwvwv XOAaatv , onou tn[ "tOU aaq>aAouc; nponope:UOV"tat ol 8p'Y)OXEU"t~XOL ~YE"tat "tWV. (Ti xpi:f.La! <l>o~e:pov "tO E[.J.7te:ae:i:v de; xe:i:pac; 8e:ou swnoc;. KaMv ea ~"tO va f.L~V e:Ixe: ye:vv'Y)8~ 6 av8pwnoc; OU"tOc;!

81

11ta va rrpoPAYJ(.la'ttaElW(.lEV ELL rre:ptaao-re:pov (ha TY]v aw'tYjptav TfiS aElava-rou lj>ux:Yjc; (.lac; , rrapaElE'tO(.lEV E:v-raoEla TY]v axoA.ouElov E:yxuxA.wv 'tOO cXOLOt[lOU IIa-rptapxou Kwv/rroA.e:wc; AN8IMOY E:v he:t 1848 rrpoc; -roue; cmav-raxoo 'OpElo06-1;ouc;.

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Xpe:tasnat -re:A.e:u-rai:ov (.lta ote:uxp(vwtc; ota va arrocpe:uxEl~ ~ auyxumc; 'tWV rrpay(.lcX'tWV.

82

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MHTPOnOAITHI <DIMPETOI KAI APXIEniiKOnOI A Y::ENTIOI ( 1971)

H AAH61NH OP60flO::H EKKAHIIA THI EAMflOI

'0 PwoiKo<; Ko8tOp1K6<; No6<; Tou :A.yfou :A.>.t~civopou Nd3oKU oniv Bopool3fo, no>.wvfo.

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The Word<<

and If by Saint John

The Greek word «anathema which is a preposition indi «thema», which means a separa terminology, «thema» me ant a «thema» meant a province. \\ e derived from «thema», to mean intellectual work.

«Anathema» literally mea separate. In the Old Testamen relation to that which wa a · likewise to that which was dedi

In the New Testament, in the used once in conjunction with «

of the Lord. The combination o until the coming of the Lord: in <l

to Him (1 Cor 16:22). The Apostle Paul uses <•anat

the addition of «maranatha G proclaimed against the distortio preached by the Apostle. no commited, whether by the Apo:· heavens. In this same expre·jo Lord Himself pass judgement.•• · on the angels?

The Word «Anathema» and It's Meaning by Saint John Maximovitch

The Greek word «anathema» consists of two words: «ana», which is a preposition indicating movement upwards and «thema», which means a separate part of something. In military terminology, «thema» me ant a detachment; in civil government «thema» meant a province. We currently use the word «theme», derived from «thema», to mean a specific topic of a written and intellectual work.

«Anathema» literally means the lifting up of something separate. In the Old Testament this expression was used both in relation to that which was alienated due to sinfulness and likewise to that which was dedicated to God.

In the New Testament, in the writing of the Apostle Paul it is used once in conjunction with «maranatha», meaning the coming of the Lord. The combination of these words means separation until the coming of the Lord; in other words - being handed over to Him (1 Cor 16:22).

The Apostle Paul uses «anathema» in another place without the addition of «maranatha» (Gal 1:8-9). Here «anathema» is proclaimed against the distortion of the Gospel of Christ as it was preached by the Apostle, no matter by whom this might be commited, whether by the Apostle himself or an angel from the heavens. In this same expression there is also implied: «let the Lord Himself pass judgement,» for who else can pass judgement on the angels?

89

StJohn the Theologian in Revelation (22:3) says that in the New Jerusalem there will not be any anathema; this can be understood in two ways , giving the word anathema both meanings: 1) there will not be any lifting up to the judgement of God, for this judgement has already been accomplished; 2) there will not be any special dedication to God, for all things will be the Holy things of God, just as the light of God enlightens all (Rev 21:23).

In the acts of the Councils and the further course of the New Testament Church of Christ, the word «anathema» came to mean complete separation from the Church. «The Catholic and Apostolic Church anathematizes», «let him be anathema», «let it be anathema», means a complete tearing away from the church. While in cases of «Separation from the communion of the Church» and other epitimia or penances laid on a person, the person remained a member of the Church, even though his participation in her grace filled life was limited, those given over to anathema were thus completely torn away from her until their repentance. Realizing that she is unable to do anything for their salvation, in view of their stubbornness and hardness of heart, the earthly church lifts them up to the judgement of God.

That judgment is merciful unto repentant sinners, but fearsome for the stubborn enemies of God. «It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God ... for our God is a consuming fire» (Heb 10:31; 12:29).

Anathema is not final damnation: until death repentance is possible. «Anathema» is fearsome not because the Church wishes anyone evil or God seeks their damnation. They desire that all be saved. But it is fearsome to stand before the presence of God in the state of hardened evil: nothing is hidden from Him.

from Orthodox Life, vol 27, Mar-April1977, pp 18-19

From A Commonitory, by St. Vincent of Lerins: ... Or perhaps the anathema pronounced on any one who

should preach another Gospel than that which had been prea-

90

ched was meant for tho e tim -the exhortation, «Walk in the ... of the flesh,» was meant for th if it be both impious and perni i necessarily, that as the e in}u ages, so those warnings also . are warnings intended for al:. ..:.=

fore to Catholic Christian o never was lawful, never i la'· anathematize those who prea once been received, alway ' ·as will be a duty.

that in the

e · dgement of hed;2) there

·i1gs will be the = tens all (Rev

n a person, the . even though his

hose given over -om her until their

- anything for their -dness of heart, the

~--,~· of God. ----., ant sinners, but

It is a fearful thing ... for our God is a

.i::!Ilation. They desire -: before the presence

- -=is hidden from Him. 19 7, pp 18-19

_n ed on any one who · which had been prea-

ched was meant for those times, not for the present. Then, also, the exhortation, «Walk in the Spirit and ye shall not fulfill the lust of the flesh,» was meant for those times, not for the present. But if it be both impious and pernicious to believe this, then it follows necessarily, that as these injunctions are to be observed by all ages, so those warnings also which forbid alteration of the faith are warnings intended for all ages. To preach any doctrine therefore to Catholic Christians other than what they have received never was lawful, never is lawful, never will be lawful: and to anathematize those who preach anything other than what has once been received, always was a duty, always is a duty, always will be a duty.

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What Is Heresy?

There are not a few Orthodox who are confused about the place of their Church in the 20th century and the religious milieu through which She is passing. Part of their concern (i.e., those who think seriously about their religion) of the question of what ought to be our relationship with the non-Orthodox. For such a long time, the Church was friendly towards but not ever intimate with the various Christian denominations. But now many Orthodox bishops and priests are saying and doing things which some of us do not understand and, some of us, do not wish to hear and see.

No longer are the Orthodox told that their Chuch is the true Church the Catholic Church, the Church of the Prophets, Apostles and Fathers. And indeed, we are no longer given the advice,

«Keep away from all heretics and schismatics, neither pray with them nor attend their religious meetings and services.» 1

There appears to be a contradiction here. Beliefs which have been held to be true and unchangeable are now suddenly being challenged by those sworn to uphold them. New ideas seem to be entering a Church which had always boasted that She had never added to nor subtracted from the Apostolic Faith.

In part, our present confusions is the result of worldly temptations, but more unhappily it is the consequence of ignorance: the

L The 4th Commandment of the Eastern Orthodox Church as stated in The Prayer Book for Eastern Orthodox Christians, compiled by the Rev. Peter H. Horton-Billard and the Rev. Vasile Hategan; translated and edited by the Very Rev. Michael G. H. Gelsinger. New York, 1944, p.15 . This collection of Orthodox prayers and devotions was distributed to the Orthodox in the Aimed Forces of the United States during World War II.

92

Orthodox do not know what the 0 ship with non-Orthodox ought to be the Church the Lord establi hed t

there is but one Messiah: Her Faitt leave humanity numerous anJ is but one Baptism, because there 1

man is incorporated. Of course, there are tho. e \\ ho

Church of Christ despite the fact Church would no longer be tru why obey what cannot be tru te ?

why belong to a fellowship \\htch-. the teachings of the Church are ~ r truth?» But Jesus Christ did rer:ue and He gave Her the Holy ?.ri follows, then, that all tho e • : teachings of Orthodoxy are «h «heresy.»

This language may «turn off because they do not know what i and «heresy» and the neces ny for only partial; perhaps, a few more why these words have been m Orthodox Church from the begin '

A «heretic» is simply one \\!JO

The sincerity and good will , tb Nevertheless, «heresy» is e\·il. which the Devil seeks to «pre\ il,. he will not do, according to the must be distinguished from « (eritheiai), and «disputeS>> dicho Church (Gal. 5:20). Heresy. at fir_ •

2. On <<heresy» and <<heretics... ee T 2:1 ; II John 7; Jude 4.

, Heresy?

who are confused about the century and the religious milieu of their concern (i.e., those who

of the question of what ought non-Orthodox. For such a long

but not ever intimate with . But now many Orthodox

doing things which some of us u . do not wish to hear and see. told that their Chuch is the true Church of the Prophets, Apostles no longer given the advice, nd schismatics, neither pray with

and services.» 1

Iction here. Beliefs which have able are now suddenly being

ld them. New ideas seem to be ays boasted that She had never Apostolic Faith.

1 the result of worldly temptaconsequence of ignorance: the

Orthodox Church as stated in The 'IS, compiled by the Rev. Peter H.

translated and edited by the Very 'or·. 1944, p.l5. This collection of

to the Orthodox in the Aimed War II.

Orthodox do not know what the Church is nor what Her relationship with non-Orthodox ought to be. Many of us do not know that the Church the Lord established is One, because God is One and there is but one Messiah; Her Faith is one, because Christ did not leave humanity numerous and conflicting sets of belief; and there is but one Baptism, because there is but one Church into which a man is incorporated.

Of course, there are those who insist they are members of the Church of Christ despite the fact that, if their claim were true, the Church would no longer be trustworthy nor worthy of obedience. why obey what cannot be trusted? why believe what is doubtflil? why belong to a fellowship which could mislead us? To be sure, if the teachings of the Church are wrong, then, why not find «my own truth?» But Jesus Christ did render His Church incapable of error and He gave Her the Holy Spirit to that end (John 15: 26). It follows, then, that all those who disagree with the religious teachings of Orthodoxy are «heretics» and their false ideas «heresy.»

This language may «turn off» some people, but it is only because they do not know what is meant by the terms «heretic» and «heresy» and the necessity for them. The explanation above is only partial; perhaps, a few more details will help us to understand why these words have been in the theological glossary of the Orthodox Church from the beginning.

A «heretic» is simply one who maintains a «heretical doctrine.» The sincerity and good will of the «heretic» is not in question. Nevertheless, «heresy» is evil, because it is a powerfill means by which the Devil seeks to «prevail» against the Church--something he will not do, according to the Lord's promise (Matt. 16:18). It must be distinguished from «splitting» (echiamos), «factions» ( eritheiai), and «disputes» ( dichostasai) which occur within the Church (Gal. 5:20). Heresy, at first, is a «leaving» or «falling away»

2. On «heresy>> and «heretics>>, see Tit. 3:10; Gal. 1: 8-9; Heb. 13: 9; II Peter 2:1; II John 7; Jude 4.

93

from the Church (apostasia) and eventually hardens into a «Sect» (hairesis). One may also be expelled from the community of believers on account of false teachings. The Scriptures call «heretics» «false teachers,» «denying the Master,» «deceivers»2

•

Listen to what Saint Ambrose of Milan says about «heresy» and «heretics»:

«Or, like same dread and monstrous Scylla, divided into many

shapes of unblief, heresy displays, as a mask to her guile, the pretense of being a Christian sect, but those wretched men who she finds tossed

to and fro on the waves of her unhallowed strait, amid the wreckage of their faith, she, girt with beastly monster, rends them with cruel fang on her blasphemous doctrine» 3

•

And St. Cyril of Jerusalem says: <<For men have fallen away from the right Faith ... And formerly the

heretics were manifest, but now the Church is filled with heretics in disguise, for men have turned from the truth and have itching ears (II Tim. 4: 3)»4

•

In other words, heretics are those who cling to false doctrines. They have always existed and always will (Matt. 17: 7). Some have left the Church and formed a «Sect.» The «Sect» becomes a historical entity which propagates itself, standing as rival to the Church. The Church takes names - «Catholic,» «Orthodox,» «true,» «apostolic» etc. - in order to dintinguish Herself from them. She generally gives those «Sects» the name of their leader or first principle (e.g., the Arians after Arlus, the Nestorians after Nestorius, the Iconoclasts after Iconoclasm, Papists after the followers of the Pope, Calvinism after John Calvin, Lutheranism after Martin Luther, etc.) «Protestantism» is the collective name of those «Sects» which emerged from Papism in the 16th century.

There are, too, heretics who not as if they were members of the Church, the Orthodox Church, while in fact they are not. They are wolves in sheep's clothing,» «tares among the wheat» heretics in

3. On the Ch1istian Faith, book I, chapter 6, 46. 4. Catech. Lectures XV, 9.

94

disguise.» These are mo t com theological turmoil (e.g .. d ri Church with the Roman Em domination, the Bolshevik Rev etc.). In our own day, we ha,·e «e the Orthodox Church i the masquerade as bishops and prie longer members of the Chur . conduct contrary to the cano -spirit of the Fathers. They ba\ .. because they are deceived and

Now that we have learned.: and «heretics» are what speu_

compares heretics to «the on:: (heresy) upon the Altar of God. tion, seek after strange doctrine appointment»5

. Similarly. St. I follow the Apostolic Tradition. the Apostles» and delivered (( o sion of bishops»6

• And, indeed. Tradition and no Tradition ''i

What is the Tradition of he revealed by God to the Prophe -when He came, fullfilling the pr taught the fullnes of truth to His the Church. The Father witne_: it, the Liturgy embodied it for the Faithflil defended it. The . faith of Jesus Christ» handed o from one generation of Orth OJ

Spirit guiding its transmi ion an the malice of Satan and the ''e

5. On the Unity of the Church. l -I 6. Against Her. III , 3: 2.

- n e community of

criptures call ·deceivers»2

•

at «heresy» and

n ided into many

ile, the pretense she finds tossed

mzd the wreckage :em with cruel fang

false doctrines. -= 7). Some have

e collective name • e 16th century.

- ~e members of the

disguise.» These are most common in an age of social, political and theological turmoil (e.g., during the 4th century merger of the Church with the Roman Empire, the Crusades, the Turkish domination, the Bolshevik Revolution, post-World War I and II, etc.). In our own day, we have «ecumenists» who have denied that the Orthodox Church is the Church of Christ. Although they masquerade as bishops and priests (and laymen), they are really no longer members of the Church. They can be recognized by their conduct contrary to the canons and an attitude contrary to the spirit of the Fathers. They have not departed of been expelled, because they are deceived and deceiving.

Now that we have learned, in very general terms, what «heresy» and «heretics» are what specifically is their crime their Cyprian compares heretics to «the sons of Aaron, who placed strange fire (heresy) upon the Altar of God, «that is, «despising God"s Tradition, seek after strange doctrines and bring in teachings of human appointment»5

• Similarly, St. Irenaeus says that heretics do not follow the Apostolic Tradition, Christ's teachings «derived from the Apostles» and delivered «to our time by means of the succession of bishops»6

• And, indeed, there are no bishops without that Tradition and no Tradition without bishops.

What is the Tradition of the Apostles? It is the religious truth revealed by God to the Prophets which foretold Jesus Christ; and when He came, fullfilling the prophetic types and beliefs, the Lord taught the fullnes of truth to His Apostles. They gave that truth to the Church. The Fathers witnessed to it, the Councils formulated it, the Liturgy embodied it for worship the bishops taught it and the Faithflil defended it. The Apostolic Tradition is, then, «the faith of Jesus Christ» handed over, continuously and unchanged, from one generation of Orthodox Christians to another, the Holy Spirit guiding its transmission and protecting its contents-- despite the malice of Satan and the weakness of men.

5. On the Unity of the Church , 18-19. 6. Against Her. III , 3: 2.

95

Again, departure from the Apostolic Tradition is «heresy» and, therefore, along with the ancient «Sects,» the Orthodox Church counts Papists and Protestants as «heretics» the recent declaration of some Orthodox «ecumenists» notwithstanding. One need only read the sermons and treatises of Orthodox theologians from St. Photius to St. Mark of Ephesus. Likewise, the rejection of Lutheranism by The Three Answers of Patriarch Jeremiah 11 (1567) or the condemnation of «all Western innovations» by the Councils of Jassy (1642) and Jerusalem (1672). The Orthodox Councils of the 18th and 19th century make it clear that Protestants and Papists are heretics as do the encyclicals of the Eastern Patriarchs (1848, 1895). In 1904, the Holy Russian Synod urged Western Christians to come to the Orthodox Church, «the Ark of Salvation.» Two years before, the famous Joachim II, the Ecumenical Patriarch declared, «Our desire is that all the heterodox (heretics) shall come into the bosom of the Orthodox Church of Christ which alone is able to give them salvation.» Until very recently, the Church has made the same statements at WCC meetings (e.g., Oberlin).

To summarize, then, «heresy» is an error in theological teachings, a turning away from the Apostolic Tradition, and involves a loss of membership in the Church of Christ whether by «falling away» or «expulsion. Heretics usually form «sects» which become historically competitive to the Church. From these «Sects» others may or may not emerge. «Heresy» must be distinguished from «schism» or internal disputes, factions or groups within the Church which have seceded from the lawful government of the Church. «Heresy» and «heretics» have existed from the time of the Apostles and exist today whether as «sects» outside the Church or «heretics in disguise» within the Church (or so it appears). Yet, to use the words of St. Ambrose, both «apostates» and «sectarians» are veritatis inimici (inimical to the truth) and impugnatores fides (assailers of the faith). They are not just those who leave the Church, but those who are born in heresy long after the first dissenter departed with his private theological opinions.

St. Nectarios Educational Series No.63

96

From my E

«On the Status of Non-Ort.

Furthermore, it is important ·o Church issues statements again t a h its responsibility to exercise "econo unknowingly fall to mi belie:. condemnations with the intentio~ awakening those in the dark sleep c: repentance» [Archbishop Chry o Nature of Heresy», Orthodox Tradi· Traditionalist Orthodox Studie . 1 • 76-77) ... .

Though it is clear from a tudy Schism synodal deci sions, and w

Protestants and Roman Catholi a ecciesial decisions (often accompame set forth for pastoral reasons (e.g. o those in error). The term «heretic . properly used in love, can be red associations and connotations that

lie Tradition is «heresy» and, ·t .» the Orthodox Church c ics» the recent declaration

thstanding. One need only ~hodox theologians from St.

_ · ~ e . the rejection of Luther

riarch Jeremiah 11 (1567) or o ·ations» by the Councils of

_ The Orthodox Councils of the

- at Protestants and Papists are e Eastern Patriarchs (1848, od urged Western Christians he Ark of Salvation.» Two

ll. the Ecumenical Patriarch Q erodox (heretics) shall come urch of Christ which alone is er;. recently, the Church has eetings (e.g. , Oberlin). i an error in theological

e Apostolic Tradition, and Church of Christ whether by

usually form «sects» which Church. From these «Sects»

ere y» must be distinguished actions or groups within the e lawful government of the

e existed from the time of the ects» outside the Church or

-ch (or so it appears). Ye t, to «apostates» and «sectarians»

_ ru th) and impugnatores fides t just those who leave the

·n heresy long after the first ~ .eological opinions.

-~v •• ul Series No.63

From my essay «On the Status of Non-Orthodox Christians» ...

Furthermore, it is important to understand that «when the Church issues statements against a heresy, it is readily cognizant of its responsibility to exercise "economy" in the case of those who unknowingly fall to misbelief, and it never issues its condemnations with the intention of destroying souls, but of awakening those in the dark sleep of error and bringing them to repentance» [Archbishop Chrysostomos of Etna, «The True Nature of Heresy», Orthodox Tradition Etna, CA: The Center for Traditionalist Orthodox Studies, 1996), Vol. XIII, Numbers 3&4, 76-77) ....

Though it is clear from a study of the ancient canons, postSchism synodal decisions, and writings of the Fathers that Protestants and Roman Catholics are technically heretics, these ecciesial decisions (often accompanied by ana the mas) were chiefly set forth for pastoral reasons (e.g. to guard the flock and awaken those in error). The term «heretic», when seen in this light, and properly used in love, can be redeemed from the unfortunate associations and connotations that plague this term today.

97

Holy Canons Related to Ecumenism

On Praying with Heretics

Canon XLV of the Holy Apostles «Let any Bishop, or Presbyter, or deacon that merely joins in

prayer with heretics be suspended, but if he had permitted them to peiform any service as Clergymen, let him be deposed. »

Canon LXV Of the Holy Apostles: «If any clergymen, or laymen, enter a synagogue of Jews, or of

heretics, to pray, let him be both deposed and excommunicated.»

Canon Ix of Laodicia (AJso approved by the Ecumenical Councils) «Concerning the fact that those belonging to the Church must not

be allowed to go visiting the cemeteries or the so called martyria of any heretics, for the purpose of prayer or of cure, but, on the contrary, those who do so, if they be among the faithful, shall be excluded from communion for a time until they repent and confess their having made a mistake, when they may be readmitted to communion.»

Canon XXXIII of Laodicia «One must not join in prayer with heretics or schismatics.»

The Extraordinarv Joint Conference of the Sacred Community on Mount Athos, April 9/22, 1980 3. Theological dialogue must not in any way be linked with prayer

in common, or by joint participation in any liturgical or worship services whatsoever; or in other activities which might create the

98

impression that our Orthodox Ch Roman Catholics as part of the ful hand, the Pope as the canonical b · these mislead both the fulness of che Catholics themselves, fostering amG what Orthodoxy thinks of their tea

On the Date for Ce

Canon VII of the Holy Apo tJ If any Bishop, or Presbyter. or l

Easter before the vernal equinox u ·

Canon I of Antioch As for all persons who dare to vi

great Council convened in icaea 1

consort of the most God-belm·ed E the holy festival of the soterial Pasch from Communion and be outcasts more captiously in objecting to the most fitting in regard thereto: an reference to laymen. But if any of positions in the Church, such as Deacon, after the adoption of this upon having his own way, to the disturbance of the church, and upo the Jews, the holy Council has hence ' to the Church, on the ground thai h sin by himself, but has also been perversion among the multitude. Ac persons from the liturgy, but also r them after their dep osition. Morea\ are to be deprived of the external hon and God"s priesthood have partaken

to Ecumenism

eacon that merely joins in he had permitted them to be deposed.»

a synagogue of Jews, or of ed and excommunicated.»

Councils) rzging to the Church must not r the so called martyria of any

of cure, but, on the contrary, auhful, shall be excluded from

pent and confess their having dmitted to communion.»

U:onf.t>n•n ce of the Sacred - pril 9/22, 1980

rz any way be linked with prayer ~..:-l.u.Hl in any liturgical or worship

uvities which might create the

impression that our Orthodox Church accepts, on the one hand, Roman Catholics as part of the fulness of the Church, or, on the other hand, the Pope as the canonical bishop of Rome. Activities such as these mislead both the fulness of the Orthodox people and the Roman Catholics themselves, fostering among them a mistaken notion as to what Orthodoxy thinks of their teaching.

On the Date for Celebrating Pascha

Canon VII of the Holy Apostles If any Bishop, or Presbyter, or Deacon celebrate the holy day of

Easter before the vernal equinox with the Jews, let him be deposed.

Canon I of Antioch As for all persons who dare to violate the definition of the holy and

great Council convened in Nicaea in the presence of Eusebeia, the consort of the most God-beloved Emperor Constantine, concerning the holy festival of the soterial Pascha, we decree that they be excluded from Communion and be outcasts from the Church if they persist more captiously in objecting to the decisions that have been made as most fitting in regard thereto; and let these things be said with reference to laymen. But if any of the person occupying prominent positions in the Church, such as a Bishop, or a Presbyter, or a Deacon, after the adoption of this definition, should dare to insist upon having his own way, to the perversion of the laity, and to the disturbance of the church, and upon celebrating Pascha along with the Jews, the holy Council has hence judged that person to be an alien to the Church, on the ground that he has not only become guilty of sin by himself, but has also been the cause of corruption and perversion among the multitude. Accordingly, it not only deposes such persons from the liturgy, but also those who dare to commune with them after their deposition. Moreover, those who have been deposed are to be deprived of the external honor too of which the holy Canon and God"s priesthood have partaken.

99

See also the Sigillon of 1583 which anathematized the Gregorian (Papal) Calendar.

On Seperating from Heretical Hierarchs

From St. Basil's first canon Schisms is the name applied to those who on account of

ecclesiastical causes and remediable questions have developed a quarrel amongst themselves. Parasynagogues is the name applied to gatherings held by insubordinate presbyters or bishops, and those held by uneducated laities. As, for instance, when one has been arraigned for a misdemeanor held aloof from liturgy and refused to submit to the Canons, but laid claim to the presidency and liturgy for himself, and some other persons departed with him, leaving the catholic Church--that is a parasynagogue.

Apostolic Canon XXXI <<If any Presbyter, condemning his own bishop, draw people aside

an set up another altar, without finding anything wrong with the Bishop in point of piety and righteousness, let him be deposed, on the ground that .he is an office-seeker. For he is a tyrant. Let the rest of clergymen be treated likewise, and all those who abet him. But let the laymen be excommunicated. Let these things be done after one, and a second, and a third request of the Bishop.»

hiterpretation (of Ss. Nikodemos and Agapios ): <<Order sustains the coherence of both heavenly things and earthly

things, according to St. Gregory the Theologian. So good order ought to be kept everywhere as helping coherence and preserving the established system, and especially amoung ecclesiastics, who need to know their own standards, and to avoid exceeding the limits and bounds of their own class. But as for Presbyters, and Deacons, and all clergymen they ought to submit to their own Bishop; the Bishops, in turn, to their own Metropolitan; the Metropolitans, to their own

100

Patriarch. On this account the preSl follows: Any presbyter that scorn knowing that the latter is manifesr ~ in point of righteousness--thai is co manifestly either heretical or unjuscinto a distinct group and to build services seperately, without the p in so doing, on the ground of his deposed; since like a tyrant wiJ/1 l ·

wrest away the authority which be other clergymen that agree }1:ith him from office too just as he must: bw them be excommunicated. These ch the bishop three times gent!) an seperated from him to f orgo such refuse to do so. As for those, hm~f?\ before a synodical investigation bee misbelief and heresy publicly, not t penances, but have a right to cl Christians according to c. XV of th

Canon XV of the 1st & 2nd <<The rules laid down with refere

Metropolitans "are still more applic any Presbyter or Bishop or Metro from the communion of his m~n P latter"s name in accordance with the divine Mystagogy, but. befo pronounced and has passed judg the holy Council has decreed that ; every priestly function if only he be c transgression of the law. A ccordmg. ordained as respecting persons against their own presidents stand disntpt the union of the Church. Bu

·aernatized the Gregorian

ical Hierarchs

tJSe who on account of

~estions have developed a es is the name applied to

(Jr bishops, and those held en one has been arraigned • and refused to submit to

mcy and liturgy for himself, him, leaving the catholic

bishop, draw people aside ;: anything wrong with the

~~---......, let him be deposed, on the e is a tyrant. Let the rest of

se who abet him. But let the mgs be done after one, and

~d Agapios): heavenly things and earthly

logian. So good order ought erence and preserving the 'lg ecclesiastics, who need to 1d exceeding the limits and byters, and Deacons, and all

own Bishop; the Bishops, in fetropolitans, to their own

Patriarch. On this account the present Apostolical Canon ordains as follows: Any presbyter that scorns his own bishop, and without knowing that the latter is manifestly at fault either in point of piety or in point of righteousness--that is to say, without knowing him to be

manifestly either heretical or unjust--proceeds to gather the Christians

into a distinct group and to build another church, and should hold

services seperately, without the permission and approval of his bishop

in so doing, on the ground of his being an office-seeker he is to be deposed; since like a tyrant with violence and tyranny he is trying to

wrest away the authority which belongs to his bishop. But also any other clergymen that agree with him in such apostasy must be deposed from office too just as he must; but as for those who are laymen, let them be excommunicated. These things, however, are to be done after the bishop three times gently and blandly urges those who have seperated from him to forgo such a movement, and they obstinately

refuse to do so. As for those, however, who seperate from their bishop before a synodical investigation because he himself is preaching some misbelief and heresy publicly, not only are not subject to the above penances, but have a right to claim the honor due to Orthodox Christians according to c. XV of the 1st & 2nd.

Canon XV of the 1st & 2nd «The rules laid down with reference to Presbyters and Bishops and

Metropolitans "are still more applicable to Patriarchs. So that in case any Presbyter or Bishop or Metropolitan dares to secede or apostatize

from the communion of his own Patriarch, and fails to mention the

latter"s name in accordance with custom duly fixed and ordained, in the divine Mystagogy, but, before a conciliar verdict has been

pronounced and has passed judgement against him, creates a schism, the holy Council has decreed that this person shall be held an alien to every priestly function if only he be convicted of having committed this transgression of the law. Accordingly, these rules have been sealed and ordained as respecting persons who under the pretext of charges

against their own presidents stand aloof, and create a schism, and

disrupt the union of the Church. But as for those persons, on the other

101

hand, who, on account of some heresy condemned by holy Councils,

or Fathers, withdrawing themselves from communion with their president, who, that is to say, is preaching the heresy publicly, and

teaching it bareheaded in church, such persons not only are not

subject to any canonical penalty on account of their having walled

themselves off from any and all communion with the one called a

Bishop before any conciliar or synodical verdict has been rendered, but, on the contrary, they shall be deemed worthy to enjoy the honor

which befits them among Orthodox Christians. For they have defied, not Bishops, but pseudo-bishops and pseudo-teachers; and they have

not sundered the union of the Church with any schism, but, on the contrary, have been sedulous to rescue the Church from schisms and divisions.»

On Obedience to the Canons

Canon I of the Second Ecumenical Council «Let not the Symbol of Faith be set aside ... but let it remain

unchanged: and let every heresy be given over to anathema .. . »

Canon VII of the Third Ecumenical Council «Let no one be permitted to bring forward, or write or compose a

different faith besides that defined by the holy Fathers who assembled

with the Holy Spirit in the city of Nicaea. And whoever dares to

compose a different faith, or present, or offer [one] to those wishing

to tum to the knowledge of the truth .. . let such, if they be bishops or

belong to the clergy, be alien-~bishops from the episcopate, and clerics

from the clergy--and if they be laymen, let them be given over to anathema.»

Canon I of the Fourth Ecumenical Council

«We have acknowledged it as just to keep the canons of the holy Fathers set forth at each council till now.»

102

Canon I of the Sixth Ecume .... we decree that the faith ha

and ministers of the Word, the dn · by the three hundred and eighte~

assembled in Nicaea, be p res en e

changes ... Likewise, we also m proclaimed by the one hundred an

in this reigning city under the gr. Likewise, we also seal.. . the teac God-bearing Fathers, who asse

Ephesus under Theodosius, our

«Likewise, we also confirm in 0 faith inscribed by the six hundred in the provincial city of Chalced

And further, we also recognize as utterances of the one hundred a'1 who assembled in this reigning · blessed memory, and we teach TheJ ourselves anew to preserve inviola Sixth Council that came togeThi Constantine of blessed m emorJ briefly, we enact that the faith o

glorified in the Church of God ... be until the end of the age unshaken t l

down writings and dogmas ... If a'ZJ accept the aforementioned dogma.s

preach so, but attempts to go agaJ according to the decree previously eJ

and blessed Fathers, and let hzm Christian estate as an alien.»

Canon I of the Seventh Ecu «For those who have recei\·ed

canons and enactments serve as U!.SI

emned by holy Councils, communion with their

· the heresy publicly, and ersons not only are not t of their having walled

~::=:::ru!Qn with the one called a

-erdict has been rendered, orthy to enjoy the honor ns. For they have defied, -teachers; and they have

• any schism, but, on the Church from schisms and

side ... but let it remain

rd. or write or compose a . Fathers who assembled . And whoever dares to er [one] to those wishing

such, if they be bishops or the episcopate, and clerics et them be given over to

.. ~!:!:Sal Council ep the canons of the holy

Canon I of the Sixth Ecumenical Council, in Trullo .... we decree that the faith handed down to us by the eyewitnesses

and ministers of the Word, the divinely chosen Apostles, and, further, by the three hundred and eighteen holy and blessed Fathers ... who assembled in Nicaea, be preserved inviolate from innovations and changes ... Likewise, we also maintain the confession of faith proclaimed by the one hundred and fifty holy Fathers, who assembled in this reigning city under the great Theodosius, our emperor ... Likewise, we also seal... the teaching set forth by the two hundred God-bearing Fathers, who assembled the first time in the city of Ephesus under Theodosius, our emperor, the son of Arcadius ...

«Likewise, we also confirm in Orthodox manner the confession of faith inscribed by the six hundred and thirty divinely-chosen Fathers in the provincial city of Chalcedon under Marcian, our emperor .. . And further, we also recognize as uttered by the Holy Spirit the pious utterances of the one hundred and sixty-five God-bearing Fathers, who assembled in this reigning city under Justinian, our emperor of blessed memory, and we teach them to our posterity ... And we bind ourselves anew to preserve inviolably ... the confession of faith of the Sixth Council that came together recently under our emperor, Constantine of blessed memory, in this reigning city .. . Speaking briefly, we enact that the faith of all of the men who have been glorified in the Church of God ... be kept steadfastly, and that it abide until the end of the age unshaken, together with their divinely handed down writings and dogmas ... If anyone at all does not maintain and accept the aforementioned dogmas of piety, and does not think and preach so, but attempts to go against them: let him be anathema, according to the decree previously enacted by the aforementioned holy and blessed Fathers, and let him be excluded and expelled from the Christian estate as an alien.»

Canon I of the Seventh Ecumenical Council «For those who have received the priestly dignity, the inscribed

canons and enactments serve as testimonies and directions, which we,

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gladly receiving, sing together with the divinely inspired David unto the Lord, saying: In the way of Thy testimonies have I found delight, as much as in all riches (Psalm 118:14). Likewise, Thou hast ordained as Thy testimonies... nghteousness for ever; give me understanding and I shall live (Psalm 118:138, 144). And if the prophetic voice commands us to preserve the testimonies of God for ever, and to live in them, then it is manifest that they abide indestructible and unshakeable. For Moses the God-seer also speaks thus: It is not fitting to add to them, nor is it fitting to take away from them (Deuteronomy 12:32). And the divine Apostle Peter, boasting in them, cries: which things the angels desire to look into (I Peter 1: 12). Likewise the Apostle Paul also says: But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto you, let him be accursed [literally, let him be anathema} (Galatians 1:8). Inasmuch as this is true, and attested unto us, rejoicing over this, as one that has found great spoil, we receive the divine canons with delight, and we maintain wholly and unshakably the enactment of these canons set forth by the all-praised Apostles, the holy trumpets of the Spirit, and by the six holy Ecumenical Councils, and those assembled locally to issue such commandments, and by our holy Fathers. For they all, being enlightened by one and the same Spirit, ordained what is beneficial. And whomever they give over to anathema, those we also anathematize; and whomever to expulsion, those we also expel, and whomever to excommunication, those we also excommunicate; and whomever they subject to penances, those we likewise subject.»

From the Synodicon of the Holy Spirit (to be read on the second day of Pentecost) Note: This is subtitled, «A confession and proclamation of the

Orthodox piety of the Christians, in which all the impieties of the heretics are overthrown and the definitions of the Catholic Church of Christ are sustained. Through which the enemies of the Holy Spirit are severed from the Church of Christ.» This Synodicon (a decision, statement, or tome either originating from a synod or

104

council or possessing conciliar a Germanos the New (1222-L.!O).

«To those who scorn the : Councils, and who despi e eYen nical traditions; and to tho e . perfectly defined and delivered . the greater part mysteriou . un MA.»

«To those who hold in come of our blessed fathers, which. b: and adorning the who le Chri: reverence, ANATHEMA»

«To all things innovated and ~

tradition, teaching, and in il memorable fathers, or to any ANATHEMA.»

The Example of St. Maximus An excerpt of an old letter

Whiteford by Monk [Bishop] E Monastery in Boston, MA:

«Do you recall the example of 5 tells us that whenever representam would come to see him, the Saz embrace them and kiss them, an dignitaries of the Patriarchate wilh in spite of the fact that these cle Monothelite heresy for many Patriarchate"s representatives to over, " and that there would be no into communion with the Church a Saint"s meekness, kindness, and -abovementioned churchmen, he faith and steadfast in his refusalw Ulhy? Purely and simply, because r

e divinely inspired David unto the esrimonies have I found delight, as

). Likewise, Thou hast ordained for ever; give me understanding

J.44). And if the prophetic voice ies of God for ever, and to live

they abide indestructible and seer also speaks thus: It is not fitting

<e away from them (Deuteronomy ~er. boasting in them, cries: which into (I Peter 1:12). Likewise the

we, or an angel from heaven, han that which we have preached

{ uerally, let him be anathema] is is true, and attested unto us, found great spoil, we receive the maintain wholly and unshakably

- nh by the all-praised Apostles, the e six holy Ecumenical Councils,

such commandments, and by our ~ lightened by one and the same

And whomever they give over to .....-au-·p; and whomever to expulsion,

to excommunication, those we they subject to penances, those

Spirit f Pentecost)

..._._ ... ~~...,•u•u and proclamation of the which all the impieties of the

- "tions of the Catholic Church n.ich the enemies of the Holy of Christ.» This Synodicon (a originating from a synod or

council or possessing conciliar authority) is attributed to Patriarch Germanos the New (1222-1240).

«To those who scorn the venerable and holy ecumenical Councils, and who despise even more their dogmatic and canonical traditions; and to those who say that all things were not perfectly defined and delivered by the councils, but that they left the greater part mysterious, unclear, and untaught, ANATHEMA.»

«To those who hold in contempt the. sacred and divine canons of our blessed fathers, which, by sustaining the holy Church of God and adorning the whole Christian Church, guide to divine reverence, ANATHEMA.»

«To all things innovated and enacted contrary to the Church tradition, teaching, and institution of the holy and evermemorable fathers, or to anything henceforth so enacted, ANATHEMA.»

The Example of St. Maximus the Confessor An excerpt of an old letter forwarded to [Deacon] John

Whiteford by Monk [Bishop] Ephraim of Holy Transfiguration Monastery in Boston, MA:

«Do you recall the example of St. Maximus the Confessor? His life tells us that whenever representatives of the Ecumenical Patriarchate would come to see him, the Saint would welcome them warmly, embrace them and kiss them, and address them and all the other dignitaries of the Patriarchate with their full ecclesiastical titles--this, in spite of the fact that these clergyman had been preaching the Monothelite heresy for many years. Naturally, this led the Patriarchate"s representatives to believe that the Saint was a "pushover, " and that there would be no problem convincing him to enter into communion with the Church of Constantinople. Yet, despite the Saint"s meekness, kindness, and friendliness in his dealings with the abovementioned churchmen, he was immovable in matters of the faith and steadfast in his refusal to enter into communion with them. Why? Purely and simply, because they were preaching heresy. Angered

105

at the Saint"s refusal, the Patriarchal clergy retorted, «Then you alone will be saved, and all others will perish?» To this the Saint replied: «When all the people in Babylon were worshipping the golden idol, the Thee Holy Children did not condemn anyone to perdition. They did not concern themselves with the doings of others, but took care only for themselves, lest they should fall away from true piety. In precisely the same way, when Daniel was cast into the lion "s den, he did not condemn any of those who, fulfilling the law of Darius, did not wish to pray to God, but he kept in mind his own duty, and desired rather to die than to sin against his conscience by transgressing the Law of God. God forbid that I should condemn anyone or say that I alone am being saved! However, I shall sooner agree to die than to apostatize in any way from the true Faith and thereby suffer torments of conscience. « «But what will you do,» inquired the envoys, <<When the Romans are united to the Byzantines? Yesterday, indeed, two delegates arrived from Rome and tomorrow, the Lord"s day, they will communicate the Holy Mysteries with the Patriarch.» The Saint replied, «Even if the whole universe holds communion with the patriarch, I will not communicate with him. For I know from the writings of the holy Apostle: the Holy Spirit declares that even the angels would be anathema if they should begin to preach another Gospel, introducing some new teaching.» (From Holy Transfiguration Monastery 's, Life of Our Holy Father Maximus the Confessor, pp.38-39) What we have said here regarding St. Maximus" attitude toward Constantinopolitan churchmen could also be said concerning St. Mark of Ephesus" attitude at the Council of Florence. However, once St. Mark saw that the Papacy was obdurately adhering to its errors, he was absolutely clear in declaring that Rome was cut off from the Church of Christ. And to make this latter fact even clearer, since 1870 Roman Catholicism has officially declared that the Roman pope speaks with the voice of infallibility in matters of faith and morals. (One wonders: if this is so, then what is there left to discuss at all these ecumenical dialogues between the Roman Catholics and the Orthodox?)

106

The Holy Orthodo.

AN ENCYCI of Their Eminence .. 1e

Mak<ui and His Grace. B'-

CONCERNI G THE 11

In ihe Name of the and of the H

SOME MAJOR DEVELOJ in the relations between fifteen Council of Churches (WCC . Thessalonica , G reece. fro representatives of fifteen Or organic members of the wee take part in the upcoming December, but not participate such as joint worship ser\'. Thessalonica commu nique·· 1

language, the presence of wo worship services, the discusciOJ and the WCC''s tendencie to\\ of the wee which the Orthodox

John Newbury, a spoke Il12l

initialy as to how much the 1 accord with the instruction respective churches, but he a development: will have very f

One press rel ea e em a

Then you alone 1-ze Saint replied: e olden idol, the dition. They did

took care only ~iety. In precisely

den, he did not

d desired rather -......,.,'"'"szng the Law of

say that I alone to die than to

envoys, «when ay, indeed, two ~s day, they will ch.» The Saint union with the

I know from the es that even the preach another

Holy Transfi'7'1US the Confes-

I Rome was cut • alter fact even 'ly declared that

The Holy Orthodox Church in North America

AN ENCYCLICAL LEITER of Their Eminences, Metropolitan Epliraim of Boston,

Makarios of Toronto, and His Grace, Bishop Moses of Roslinde

CONCERNING THE THESSALONICA MEETING

In ihe Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.

SOME MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS have taken place recently in the relations between fifteen Orthodox Churches and the World Council of Churches (WCC), dearly beloved. At a meeting held in Thessalonica, Greece, from April 29 to May 2, 1998, the representatives of fifteen Orthodox Churches (which are full, organic members of the WCC) recommended that the Orthodox take part in the upcoming WCC assembly in Zimbabwe next December, but not participate in certain aspects of the assembly, such as joint worship services and common prayers. The Thessalonica communique" cited also the use of «inclusive» language, the presence of women priests and pastors in wee worship services, the discuscion of issues such as homosexuaiity, and the WCC''s tendencies toward religious syncretism, as aspects of the wee which the Orthodox oppose .

John Newbury, a spokesman for the WCC, expressed doubts initialy as to how much the Thessalonica commonique was in accord with the instructions given to the delegates bv their respective churches, but he acknowledgeded that this recent development: will have very fareaching implications.

One press release empasized that " the Thessalonica

107

communique" is highly critical of the arch-conservative factions within the Orthodox Churches, most notably in Russia, Serbia, Bulgaria and Georgia who want all links cut with the ecumenical movement.» According to the Rev. Gerge Tsetsis, a representative of the Ecumenical Patriarch, the recent meeting "unanimously denounced those schismatic and extremist groups with in the Orthodox Churches that are using the theme of Ecumenism to criticize the Orthodox leadership, and undermine its authority by deliberately misinforming the faithful, thus attempting to create divisions within the Orthodox Churches.»

Ecumenistic churchmen often attempt, as in this instance, to «politicize" the discussion in these matters. Terms such as «"archconservative,» «extremist» «liberal,» and «moderate» are employed gratuitously in labelling friend and foe, especially foe. But the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church of Christ -that is, the Holy Orthodox Church - does not have «conservative» or «liberal.»" or «maderate» parties, nor does it have high or low churches, as the Episcopalians do. In Orthdoxy you are either Orthodox or you are something else. In the period of the Arian controversy, if one was off by one «iota,» one was not an Orthodox Christian. There are oftentimes points that may" be debatable, but even in these cases the sole authority that determines what is Orthodox is the Churches Holy Tradition, as embodied in the Holy Scriptures,the decisions of the Local, Ecumenical, and PanOrthodox Councils, and the writings of the Church Fathers.

Also in the Orthodox Church, whether a person is a «schism;tic» is determined by the holy canons, and not by those who are themselves guilty of repeated canonical and doctrinal transgressions, as the ecumenists are. Here is what The Rudder says about «schismatics»:

Canon XV of the First-and-Second Council of Constantinople (A.D. 861)

The rules laid do with reference to Presbyters and Bishops and Metropolitans are still more applicable to

108

Patriarchs. So that in ca:"' Metropolitan dare to ec own Patriarch and doe- no· and appointed in the d" · synodical arraigen t and [the I he creates a schism, the ho _ person be alienated from e\ be proven to have tran g therefore, have been eale who on the pretext of ome presidents stand apart. crea unity of the Church. But a some heresy condemned b; sever themselves from con· that is, because he publicly head teaches it in the Chur are not subject to canonica! J

off from communion wi h synodal clarification, but [a deemed worthy of due honor Bishops, but false bishop 1

condemned, and they have unity with schism, but fro they earnestly sought to deli The first heresy of the ec

Councils and Fathers,» and ~

Ecumenical Patriarchate. rig:..: Ecumenical Movement, in i El addressed the various heterodo Christ» and as «fellow heir and God in Jesus Christ. » From· developments in Ecumemnumerous occasions-it is clear · applicable to the "ecumenis - · actions and decisions that broug:

e arch-conservative factions :r notably in Russia, Serbia,

' cut with the ecumenical G erge Tsetsis, a representative -ecent meeting "unanimously e tremist groups with in the

= ·he theme of Ecumenism to ~ undermine its authority by . u • • thus attempting to create

·empt, as in this instance, to :ters. Terms such as «"arch

e:-aL» and «moderate» are end and foe, especially foe. tolic Church of Christ -that

.: not have «conservative» or r does it have high or low

In Orthdoxy you are either _ e. In the period of the Arian

. one was not an Orthodox · - bat may" be debatable, but

~-·-·-'""' ".' that determines what is · ·on, as embodied in the Holy ~a •. Ecumenical, and Pano: the Church Fathers.

- • ... whether a person is a _.· canons, and not by those

-e canonical and doctrinal -e Here is what The Rudder

~ -Second Council _ A. D. 861)

_ -e ce to Presbyters and til more applicable to

Patriarchs. So that in case any Presbyter or Bishop or Metropolitan dares to secede from communion with his own Patriarch and does not mention his name as is ordered and appointed in the divine Mystagogy, but before a synodical arraigent and [the Patriarch's] full condemnation, he creates a schism, the holy Council has decreed that this person be alienated from every priestly function, if only he be proven to have transgressed in this. These rules, therefore have been sealed and ordered concerning those , who on the pretext of some accusations against their own presidents stand apart, creating a schism, and severing the unity of the Church. But as for those who on account of some heresy condemned by Holy Councils or Fathers, sever themselves from conimunion with their president, that is, because he publicly preaches heresy and with bared head teaches it in the Church, such persons as these not only are not subject to canonical penalty for walling themselves off from communion with the so-called Bishop before synodal clarification, but [on the contrary] they shall be deemed worthy of due honor among the Orthodox. For not Bishops, but false bishops and false teachers have they condemned, and they have not fragmented the Church"s unity with schism, but from schisms and divisions have they earnestly sought to deliver the Church. The first heresy of the ecumenists-»condemned by Holy

Councils and Fathers,» and by the Holy Creed itself-is that the Ecumenical Patriarchate, right from the very inception of the Ecumenical Movement, in its Encyclical of 1920, recognized and addressed the various heterodox denominations as «Churches of Christ» and as «fellow heirs and partakers of the same promise of God in Jesus Christ.» From this and from many subsequent developments in Ecumenism-as we have demonstrated on numerous occasions-it is clear that the title «schismatic" is directly applicable to the "ecumenists themselves, since it was their own actions and decisions that brought about the schism.

109

The represenrative of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, the Rev. George Tsetsis, speaks of groups that are engaged in «deliberately misinforming the faithful,» but he gives no indication or evidence of what this «misinformation» consists. On the other hand, countless photographs, videos, articles, pamphlets, and books have documented and recorded the un-Orthodox declarations and activities of those churchmen who are involved in Ecumenism. Their own signed statements with the Vatican and the Monophysites proclaim with bold eloquence their doctrinal deviations. Their own Patriarchs have set their signatures to some remarkably hetrodox encyclicals and pronouncements. It is they, not others, who misrepresent Orthodox Christianity.

An open letter, written in 1995 by Archimandrite Neictarios Moulatsiotis to his new calendar hierarchy in Greece, is a fitting response to Fr. George's unsubstantiated accusation that some groups «deliberately misinform» the faithful. As Father Nektarios, a new calendar clergyman, notes:

Unfortunately, we say one thing and do another. We are sometimes Orthodox in what we say, or sometimes unhealthy Orthodox in what we say, but we are certainly unhealthy ecumenists in our deeds. How is it possible for us to say that «Orthodoxy considers dogmatic unity a presupposition to the common Cup; for this reason we do not concelebrate with the nonOrthodox» (as Metropolitan Christodoulos stated on February" 21,1995), 1 while [our encyclicals say] the exact opposite?

Also, how can we say such falsehoods when our Ecumenical Patriarchs have gone to the Vatican in an official capacity and prayed jointly with the Latins, and the Latins come to Orthodox churches and pray with Orthodox hierarchs? How is it possible to fool ourselves and others «when we knowingly say these falsehoods? There exist an abundance of videos and photographs of such concelebra-

1 Recently elected Archbishop of Athens and Mi GTeece.

110

tions and common M) e that these things do not deny the truth ? Furthe Evangelos [or, more like . extensive article in Orth that, unfortunately, mo possessed by «unhealth_ admit our tragic mi ta e . We all make mistake .

encyical, we are discussing o publicly and repeatedly by b~ at least, admit their tragic Thessalonica, they have take exactly this, and if they re recommendations, they shall praise and honor.

ONE DISTURB! "G EU from Thessalonica is the i («schismatics and extremist _ «deliberately misinform») t

very" least, annoyance \'ith Churches" involvement uncharitable langu age ag extremist» groups is odd e pe ecumenists are now recomm «schismatic and extremi t» ~

taken years ago! Are they upset becau e •

reluctantly? Are they pert videos, and other inform «schismatics and extremi that it has been demon· ~

ecumenists, who are «deli e. The case of the Georg1an

this church withdrew (reluc a

~ menical Patriarchate, the Rev. hat are engaged in «deliberately gives no indication or evidence consists. On the other hand

' des, pamphlets, and books have

- ·n-Orthodox declarations and o are involved in Ecumenism.

the Vatican and the Monoce their doctrinal deviations.

-ignatures to some remarkably ,.,-,--~~ .. ~ ts. It is they, not others,

y Archimandrite Neictarios -erarchy in Greece, is a fitting

~'--'-'"''u tiated accusation that some ~ faithfu l. As Father Nektarios

'

g and do another. We are l we say, or sometimes

~ ay, but we are certainly How is it possible for us

~ers dogmatic unity a p; for this reason we do

ll::=~;1t.hodm:» (as Metropolitan ·· 21,1995), 1 while [our

:alsehoods when our - ~e to the Vatican in an

_ i tb the Latins, and the d pray with Orthodox ourselves and others oods? There exist an

of such concelebra-

tions and common Mysteries (weddings); is it possible to say that these things do not go on in Orthodoxy"? Why do we deny the truth? Further, the distinguished Professor Evangelos [or, more likely", Andrew] Theodorou wrote an extensive article in Orthodox Typos last year and testified that, unfortunately, most of our Orthodox hierarchs are possessed by «unhealthy Ecumenism.» Let us , at least, admit our tragic mistakes. We all make mistakes, but here, for the purpose of this

encyical, we are discussing some very serious docirinal errors made publicly and repeatedly by the ecumenistic «Orthodox.» Let them, at least, admit their tragic mistakes. With this recent meeting in Thessalonica, they have taken a very" positive step towards doing exactly this, and if they remain steadfast in upholding their recommendations, they shall most certainly be counted worthy of praise and honor.

ONE DISTURBING ELEMENT about the communique" from Thessalonica is the immoderate and misleading language («schismatics and extremist groups." «arch-conservative factions,» «deliberately misinform») that seems to betray anger or, at the very" least, annoyance with those who are critical of these fifteen Churches" involvement with the WCC. The use of such uncharitable language against allegedly «schismatic and extremist» groups is odd especially ally in view of the fact that the ecumenists are now recommending the very" measures that the «schismatic and extremist» groups have said should have been taken years ago!

Are they upset because they are taking these needed steps reluctantly? Are they perturbed because the documentation, videos, and other information provided by the supposed «schismatics and extremists» have proven to be all too true, and that it has been demonstrated that it is actually they, the ecumenists, who are «deliberately misinforming» the faithful?

The case of the Georgian Patriarchate comes to mind. When this church withdrew (reluctantly) from the WCC in the Spring of

111

1997, it turned about and punished the clergy that had urged it to take this action! Obviously, the Georgian Patriarchal bishops then, perhaps like the representatives in Thessalonica now, were forced to take this step because so many of their faithful were protesting against involvement in the World Council of Churches. In the case of Catholicos-Patriarch Ilia II of Georgia, this involvement reached some what comic proportions. When he was elected one of the six presidents of the World Council of Churches in 1979 and served in that capacity until 1983, he proudly inserted his cherished new title into the text of his official commemoration during the church services: «For our Great Lord and Father, Catholicos Patriarch of All Georgia, Archbishop of Mtskheta and Thilisi, President of the World Council of Churches, Ilia II»! This single usage, however, did not suffice apparently, and so he began to use this newly-inflated title when issuing all his annual Paschal and Christmas encyclicals, as well as in the published accounts of his ecumenical activities abroad (see, for example, the official publication of the Georgian Patriarchate, Grapevine Cross, No.2, 1981, p.3).

PROBLEMS WITH THE WCC began to increase in 1991, when the WCC Canberra Assembly in February of that year included extensive pagan rites and presentations. The Orthodox delegates at the Assembly issued a Statement, expressing their profound concerns. Later, in May, 1991, at St. Bishoi"s Monastery in Egypt, the Orthodox and Monophysite representatives to the wee held a meeting in which they again expressed their anxieties, but also stated their view that, although there were disturbing developments \vithin the WCC-for example, the animistic rites performed at Canberra, and other similar syncretistic manifestations-they felt , nonethless, that it would be a «diservice» to Orthodoxy to leave the WCC. Regarding the Orthodox Church"s membership in the WCC, they expressed the view that all the Orthodox Churches should either "leave together or remain together.» A similar meeting took place in September, 1991 in Chambesy, Switzerland. After this initial flurry" of protests , press

112

releases, and soul-searching. :il Years passed, and nothing hap usual.

Then, suddenly, in May o " 1 Georgia, in response to harp I convents, clergy, and fai thful. \Yi

WCC. This move sent a tremo ecumenist world. Similar prote:· the WCC shook the Serbian P WCC ENI Bullelin (Sept. 1 . 1 the Moscow Patriarchate·s Me the withdrawal of the Georgian Metropolitan Kirill to ld journa Georgia can become a treme Previews of that explosion were Monastery outside of Moscow. delegation headed by the we Raiser, came face to face \\ith t faithful have of the WCC's ac i existence. The confrontation at happy one . Complain ts \Vere representatives-including bishop -Orthodox Faith, and that they r nobody else (nonetheless, they re jurisdictions).

Alarmed and disquieted the Ie that they were in real danger of l<I and faithful. Hence, the recent me urgent-perhaps tact ical -priori . serious defections from their ra representatives admitted that the"a compromise» to forestall fu Nonetheless, the a divisions ha ·e of May, 1998, the Patriarchate o• was considering leaving the wee.

e~gy that had urged it to Pa riarchal bishops then, lonica now, were forced

- : ·aithful were protesting - of Churches. In the case

Georgi a, this involvement · 'ben he was elected one

~ of Churches in 1979 and e proudly inserted his

:.: official commemoration y Great Lord and Father,

Archbishop of Mtskheta and of Churches, Ilia II»! This

-~ apparently, and so he began - ·- uing all his annual Paschal - in the published accounts of

- -ee, for example, the official --bate, Grapevine Cross, No.2,

CC began to increase in 1991, ~bly in February of that year

- presentations. The Orthodox ~ a Statement, expressing their

_. 1991, at St. Bishoi"s Monastery ophysite representatives to the

e:: again expressed their anxieties, although there were disturbing

- or example, the animistic rites d o ther similar syncretistic ess, that it would be a «diservice» CC. Regarding the Orthodox CC, they expressed the view that

either "leave together or remain pok place in September, 1991 in !lis initial flurry" of protests, press

releases , and soul-searching, silence descended like a curtain. Years passed, and nothing happened. It was back to business as usual.

Then, suddenly, in May of 1997, the Orthodox Church of Georgia, in response to sharp protests from its monasteries, convents, clergy, and faithful , withdrew-albeit reluctantly-from the WCC. This move sent a tremor throughout the «Orthodox» ecumenist world. Similar protests and calls for withdrawal from the WCC shook the Serbian Parriarchate in June of 1997. The WCC ENI Bullelin (Sept. 17, 1997) reported an interview «with the Moscow Patriarchate's Metropolitan Kirill: «In reference to the withdrawal of the Georgian Orthodox Church from the WCC, Metropolitan Kirill told journalists that "a small explosion in Georgia can become a tremendous explosion in Russia. »" Previews of that explosion were witnessed in the Trinity Sergius Monastery outside of Moscow, on January 28, 1998, when a delegation headed by the WCC's General Secretary, Konrad Raiser, came face to face with the dim view that the Orthodox faithful have of the WCC's activities and its very reason for existence. The confrontation at St. Sergius" Monastery was not a happy one. Complaints were voiced that the ecumenist representatives-including bishops-were not truly witnessing to the Orthodox Faith, and that they represented only themselves and nobody else (nonetheless, they remain in charge of the ecumenist jurisdictions).

Alarmed and disquieted, the leaders of these jurisdictions saw that they were in real danger of losing the support of their clergy and faithful. Hence, the recent meeting in Thessalonica became an urgent-perhaps tactical-priority, in order to prevent further serious defections from their ranks. But even in Thessalonica, the representatives admitted that their resolutions were, as they said, "a compromise» to forestall further divisions among themselves. Nonetheless, the a divisions have not been avoided, for at the end of May, 1998, the Patriarchate of Bulgaria announced that it too was considering leaving the wee.

113

WE ARE ORTHODOX CHRISTIANS because we remain faithful to the written and oral traditions thatwe have been taught (II Thess. 2:15). These include the Holy Scriptures and the decisions of the Local, Ecumenical, and Pan-Orthodox Councils. It is impossible to deviate from or reject these traditions and claim to be Orthodox Catholic Christians. Ecumenist churchmen, however, have deviated from and rejected these traditions officially (as we have demonstrated in the past, and will gladly demonstrate again to anyone who asks us to do so).

Since this is the case, the recent recommendations made at the meeting in Thessalonica are good, but they need to be implemented and also supplemented by other courageous and steadfast steps that will bring these churches back into the fullness of the Orthodox Christian Faith. In ascending order of importance, these necessary steps are: 1) The new calendarists have to re-affirm and adhere once again

to the decisions of the Pan-Orthodox Councils of Constantinople of 1583, 1587, and 1593 (we won't even mention the ten other local Synods that condemned the use of the newcalendar).

2) Since Freemasonry" is the matrix of ecumenism (and the religious syncretism which the recent Thessalonica meeting so rightly deplores), it too must be renounced officially.

3) Since Roman Catholicism has not retracted any of its errors, but has added other new doctrines, such as the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception ("a poor solution to a non-existent problem,» as one Orthodox theologian observed) as well as the novel teaching of the infallibility of the pope, the anathema of 1054 needs to be definitively re-affirmed.

4) The jurisdictions of the fifteen Orthodox jurisdictions represented in the WCC especially the Parriarchate of Antioch must cease giving communion to those who do not accept and obey the decisions of all seven Ecumenical Councils.

5) The ecumenists need to reject officially their June, 1993 «Balamand Agreement» with the Vatican, just as a number of

114

new calendar theologian rejected it.

6) They need to disavow all tb and small, living and repo e ecumenist quicksand.

7) And they will do the msve a fooling themselves and aban ' and all other related syncre Most mainline Protestant de

longer interested in doctrinal ort and even thousands of Roman longer affirm such basic Chris deity, and physical resurrectio primarily in «reshaping» Chris · head of the interfaith Center of sweeping the human family. The now" interested in a broader C<l

doxy is out, the New Age is in no longer «in spirit and in tru relative «truths.» The late Pat1 (another President of the WCC, WCC''s ideals when he declared. Buddhism, then I am not in agre

ECUMEMSTS SEEM TO Fl drop their membership in the what? From denominations th; teachings? From offensive ew gay activists? Why should the dictate the Church"s agenda? n the world. As far as the world · 1

«marginalized.» In an article en Things, Nov. 1997), author Jam

2. See, for example, Newswee Hundred Years After Florezice. Bo 1998.

c\..: S because we remain ~t.=:::::::::::::I=s tha twe have been taught

• Holy Scriptures and the ~::: Pan-Orthodox Councils.

• · - ese traditions and claim Ecumenist churchmen,

-e ected these traditions ~ :he past, and will gladly

· to do so). ::nmendations made at the . but they need to be

· y other courageous and -:ches back into the fullness

ending order of importa-

- :m and adhere once again ox Councils of Constanti-

• on't even mention the ten - ~emned the use of the

of ecumenism (and the • Thessalonica meeting so

• ounced officially. ·etracted any of its errors,

---- uch as the doctrine of the - ·olution to a non-existent

observed) as well as the : dle pope, the anathema of :med.

·- Ort hodox jurisdictions ..,._ ......... ~ - e Parriarchate of Antioch

o e who do not accept and """enical Councils. :"ficially their June, 1993

- · "atican, just as a number of

new calendar theologians and Athonite monks have already rejected it.

6) They need to disavow all those innovating hierarchs-both great and small, living and reposed- who led them into this pit of ecumenist quicksand.

7) And they will do the msves a great favor when they finally stop fooling themselves and abandon their membership in the wee and all other related syncretistic organizations. Most mainline Protestant denominations in the WCC are no

longer interested in doctrinal orthodoxy. They, as well as hundreds and even thousands of Roman Catholic theologians and priests, no longer affirm such basic Christian doctrines as the virgin birth, deity, and physical resurrection of Christ.2 They are interested primarily in «reshaping» Christianity. As the Rev. James Morton, head of the interfaith Center of New York, said, «This is a reality sweeping the human family. The context has changed, people are now" interested in a broader canvas.» For these people, Orthodoxy is out, the New Age is in, with its all-embracing inclusiveness; no longer «in spirit and in truth,» but in all sorts of spirits and relative «truths.» The late Patriarch Parthenios of Alexandria (another President of the WCC) was very much in tune with the WCC''s ideals when he declared, «When I speak against Islam and Buddhism, then I am not in agreement with God.»

ECUMEMSTS SEEM TO FEAR being «marginalized» if they drop their membership in the WCC. But «marginalized» from what? From denominations that adopt increasingly erroneous teachings? From offensive New Age feminists? From unrepentant gay activists? Why should the «world" and our neo-pagan society dictate the Church"s agenda? The Church has its own agenda for the world. As far as the world is concerned, the Church is already «marginalized.» In an article entitled «Pastoral Concerns» (First Things, Nov. 1997), author James Nuechterlein observes:

2. See, for example, Newsweek, August 8, 1993, Sisier Churches-Five Hundred Years After Florezice, Boston, 1994, and Christian News, May 18, 1998.

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In the nineteenth century religious language and assumptions permeated American public discourse. Today they do not.

That is particulay the case in intelectual circles, and the clergy, like other educated groups, take their cultural signals from the academic and media elites. Informed by those elites of their marginal status-religion in elite realms is not so much repudiated as it is simply ignored-members of the clergy have flitted from one theologically tangential concern to another in search of cultural relevance. The author cites a symposium on «Religion in America,»

published in 1968, which noted at that time «that religion is still worth talking about because it is playing a significant part in the social reform causes of the times: civil rights, peace, academic freedom, civil liberties, poverty, social justice in general.» But now, in the nineties, writes Nuechterlein, «there are new enthusiasims.» These include «sundry versions of feminism, multiculturalism, and ecological correctness.» As a result, even «Orthodox» Patriarchs, worried lest they be left behind and become irrelevant, «marginal ized,» in the world's eyes, have hastened to jump on the ecological bandwagon. However, as Nuechterlein notes, «clergy anxious to recover lost [worldly] prestige» in our irreligious society «will not likely find it by invoking theologies of recycling» or concerns over pollution in the Black Sea. Judging from what we are taught in the Holy Scriptures and the Lives of the Saints, if Patriarchs-and all of us-were more concerned about being truly Orthodox and holy in God's eyes, our ecological problems would take care of themselves.

Let us bring to mind the words of our Saviour about how His followers would be «marginalized» by the world:

These things I command you, that ye love one another. If the world hate you, ye know that it hated Me before it hated you. If ye were of the world, the world would love its own: but because ye are not of the world, but I have chosen you out of the world, therefore the world hateth you.

116

Remember the word tha· not greater than his lord. If will also persecute you; if £he~ keep yours also. But all th for My Name"s sake, becaus Me. If I had not come and -I= had sin but now they have n

We Orthodox have more £ha without getting bogged down in· agenda. We have spiritual, li£ur need to be published for our fa that has to be done both at home in desperate need of patristi in to get our own jurisdictional an

The wee has proven to be tely, a waste of our resource: representatives at Thessalonica recommending that their juri di organization. May God grant the mistake»-their membership in h our Saviour grant us all the for ' with all the Saints, in the good a1 less Orthodox Christian Faith ..

Sunday of All Saints, 199 Y Protocol Number 1502

- _ ·ous language and assumlic discourse. Today they

n_telectual circles, and the p , take their cultural

edia elites. Informed by . -religion in elite realms :imply ignored-members

.: theologically tangential ural relevance.

n «Religion in America,» ' time «that religion is still

. · g a significant part in the ~ :il rights, peace, academic

· tice in general.» But now, ere are new enthusiasims.»

~.....w.·.::.m, multiculturalism, and en «Orthodox» Patriarchs,

~ ~ me irrelevant, «marginal ~ :o jump on the ecological

otes, «clergy anxious to - -eligious society «Will not

-e :cling» or concerns over ~\\hat we are taught in the

-. if Patriarchs-and all of :· Orthodox and holy in Jld take care of them-

_; aviour about how y the world:

e love one another. "a ed Me before it

- orld would love its -- but I have chosen

- -.. hateth you.

Remember the word that I said unto you, The servant is not greater than his lord. If they have persecuted Me, they will also persecute you; if they have kept My saying, they will keep yours also. But all these things will they do unto you for My Name"s sake, because they know not Him that sent Me. If I had not come and spoken unto them, they had not had sin but now they have no excuse for their sin .

(John 15:17-22)

We Orthodox have more than enough of our own work to do without getting bogged down in the swamp of the WCC''s inclusive agenda. We have spiritual, liturgical, and catechetical texts that need to be published for our faithful. We have missionary work that has to be done both at home and abroad. Our own people are in desperate need of patristic instruction. And we certainly need to get our own jurisdictional and administrative house in order.

The WCC has proven to be a doctrinal dead-end and ultimately, a waste of our resources, and an occasion for ~in. The representatives at Thessalonica have taken a praiseworthy step in recommending that their jurisdictions curtail their activities in that organization. May God grant them the courage to end this «tragic mistake»-their membership in the wee once and for all. And may our Saviour grant us all the fortitude to ever stand fast, together with all the Saints, in the good and holy confession of our blameless Orthodox Christian Faith. Amen.

Sunday of All Saints, 1998 Protocol Number 1502

Your faithful suppliants unto God,

t Ephraim, Metropolitan of Boston t Makarios, Metropolitan of Toronto t Moses, Bishop of Roslindale

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Are Protestantism and Roman Catholicism Heretical?

The Position of the Orthodox Church

Introductory Note. Though one shouldn"t have to clarify this, in these days of «ecumeni-speak» and «political correctness» I felt it was important to do so: that at times it is entirely proper and necessary to call one"s beliefs «heretical», and that this is an act of love (if the truth is spoken in love). We are to hate the poison of heresy, but love and have conpassion for those infected by it. For those readers who are conflised about this, read «The True Nature of Heresy» on my Ecumenism page. But I can"t resist offering these other appropriate excerpts:

From «The Exclusive Openness of Truth» in Orthodox Tradition, Vol. XI, No.4 (1994), 8 (emphasis theirs).

«... if our truth is an exclusive truth, it is made open. . . by our ability to see virtue even among those in error. This principle is reified by our constant commitment to love and hospitality. A perfect example of this was a visit made by some American Uniates to Metropolitan Cyprian several years ago. His Eminence received his guests as brothers and treated them with great affction. Yet, one evening, while offering them a beautiflil dinner on the veranda of his cell, he told them: "Love dictates that I tell you that you are heretics and must become Orthodox." One of the clergymen, in fact, is now a Priest in the Antiochian Archdiocese. It is our openness to the virtues of those in error, our readiness to be ridiculed and embarrassed by our "exclusivity, "and our love of the

118

truth which ultimately make us being all things to all men for

From «The Price of Ecume «Fr. Justin Popovich would o

of Orthodoxy"s theologians fro the same wars and political mov concern for greater collaboration Yet, Father Justin"s assessmen · of quoting.

«The contemporary "dialogue naked sentimentality, is in re sanctification of the Spirit and be that is to say the unique salutary The essence of love is truth; 10\·e is the heart of each Godly virtue 1

From a lectuie by Dr. Con Orthodox Cathedral of the . March 16, 1997.

«The time has come for all speak out and promptly put a Orthodoxy known as "ecumenis i the Holy Orthodox Church, a ne., take her divine dogm as ·ou [Ecumenical) Patriarch Atbenaj sixties), bring them to the open li means, and in every land ... Le• PseudoOrthodoxy of "Orthodox the same level as truth ... Tbi_ Christian love, a fulfilling of Chri.! neighbor as we love ourselve . G you whom if his son asks for bre Matt. 7:9) "Orthodox ecumeni: People today are searching ·o-

ntism and ism Heretical?

- .::ouldn"t have to clarify this, in - political correctness» I felt it

::::~es it is entirely proper and e cal», and that this is an act of

- \\'e are to hate the poison of :1 for those infected by it. For - his, read «The True Nature

- =e. But I can"t resist offering

e of Truth» in Orthodox mphasis theirs). h, it is made open. . . by our se in error. This principle is

---~ • .., · to love and hospitality. A mad e by some American

eral years ago. His Eminence - ..,d trea ted them with great

e:mg them a beautiflil dinner e:n: "Love dictates that I tell

- orne Orthodox." One of the ·· e Antiochian Archdiocese.

m error, our readiness to be arlusivity, "and our love of the

truth which ultimately make us Orthodox aud open to all things, being all things to all men for the sake of their salvation.»

From «The Price of Ecumenism», by Fr. John Reeves (OCA) «Fr. Justin Popovich would offer a critique of ecumenism. One

of Orthodoxy"s theologians from the same period, he had known the same wars and political movements that prompted the initial concern for greater collaboration amongst the churches in Europe. Yet, Father Justin"s assessment is quite different, and one worthy of quoting.

«The contemporary "dialogue of love," which takes the form of naked sentimentality, is in reality a denial of the salutary sanctification of the Spirit and belief a in the truth (2 Thess. 2:13), that is to say the unique salutary "love ofthe truth." (2 Thess. 2:10) The essence of love is truth; love lives and thrives as truth. Truth is the heart of each Godly virtue and therefore of love as welL»

From a lectuie by Dr. Constantine Cavarnos at the Greek Orthodox Cathedral of the Annunciation, Atlanta, GA, on March 16, 1997.

«The time has come for all faithful Orthodox Christians to speak out and promptly put an end to this spurious form of Orthodoxy known as "ecumenistic Orthodoxy". It is a betrayal of the Holy Orthodox Church, a negation of its essence. It is time to take her divine dogmas "out of the storeroom," where [Ecumenical) Patriarch Athenagoras I relegated them [in the sixties), bring them to the open light, and proclaim them by every means, and in every land ... Let us not offer to the world the PseudoOrthodoxy of "Orthodox ecumenism," which puts error on the same level as truth... This offering will be an act of true Christian love, a fulfilling of Christ's commandment of loving our neighbor as we love ourselves. Christ says, "What man is there of you whom if his son asks for bread would give him a stone?" (St. Matt. 7:9) "Orthodox ecumenism" does precisely the latter. .. People today are searching for the truth that saves; yet these

119

ecumenists have put the bread of truth in the storeroom and have been offering instead the stone of untruth, of error, and of heresy that leads to perdition. The commadment of love demands that we take the bread of the teaching of the Orthodox Church out in the open and offer it lovingly to all who hunger for the truth that frees and saves.»

Having said all this, however, I quote from a Letter of Fr. Seraphim to a Protestant inquirer:

The word «heretic» ... is indeed used too frequently nowadays. It has a definite meaning and function, to distinguish new teachings from the Orthodox teaching; but few of the nonOrthodox Christians today are consciously «heretics,» and it really does no good to call them that. .. A harsh, polemical attitude is called for only when the non-Orthodox are trying to take away our flocks or change our teachings.

Monk Damascene Christensen, Not of This World: The Lift ai7d Teachings of Fr. Seraphim Rose (Fr. Seraphim Rose Foundation, 1993), pp.757-58.

From the Synodicon of the Holy Spirit (to be read on the second day of Pentecost)

Background: This is subtitled: «A confession and proclamation of the Orthodox piety of the Christians, in which all the impieties of the heretics are overthrown and the definitions of the Catholic Church of Christ are sustained. Through which the enemies of the Holy Spirit are severed from the Church of Christ.» This Synodicon (a decision, statement, or tome either originating from a synod or council or possessing conciliar authority) is attributed to Patriarch Germanos the New (1222-1240). It demonstrates how the theology of St. Photios the Great became the Church's definitive voice on the a subject of the filioque. There can be no doubt that the filioque was judged to be heretical by the Orthodox Church. What follows are just a few of the anathemas from the Synodicon. (This background information, and the anathemas, are taken from On the Mystagogy of the Holy Spirit by Saint Photios,

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Patriarch of Constantinople. · Monastery (Studion Publi her:.

«So likewise do they who d curses; wherefore, all \\e in plentitude of piety, lay upo .. upon themselves.» [an excerpt :r read on the Sunday of Orthodo . who do not deign to con em •o holy Symbol confessed by the 0 was evangelically formulated I Councils and confirmed by the r distort it to support their own the conciliar traditions of the hoi_' instructed apostles, but al o the Savior, Jesus Christ, ANA THE.

«To those who in any way u doctrines concerning the divine a who search out the difference and the nature of begetting a increase words and do not ab1d handed down to us by both the fathers; and who thereby usele l. delivered to us, ANA THE 1A. •

«To those who scorn the ·:e Councils, and who despi e e\ canonical traditions; and to tho:e peifectly defined and delivered the greater part mysterious. uncle

«To those who hold in conte of our blessed fathers , which. by_ and adorning the whole Chri: reverence, ANATHEMA ..

«To all things innovated an tradition, teaching, and in titu io fathers , or to anything hencefo

of error, and of heresy ..,...___~.:.lO~ love demands that we

e fro m a Letter of Fr.

oo frequently nowadays. on . to distinguish new

-= : but few of the non---~~~-· heretics,» and it really

. polemical attitude is -e 'I)ing to take away our

~ Fr. Seraphim Rose

e ion and proclamation .vhich all the impieties ' tions of the Catholic

ilich the enemies of the - of Christ. » This Syno-- her originating from a

ority) is attributed to . Ir demonstrates how ecame the Church 's

'oque. There can be no e etical by the Orthodox

e anathemas from the

irit by Saint Photios,

Patriarch of Constantinople, translated by Holy Transfiguration Monastery (Studion Publishers, Inc: 1983).

«So likewise do they who despise and disdain piety receive curses ; wherefore , all we in unison , since we constitute the plentitude of piety, lay upon them the curse which they have put upon themselves.» [an excerpt from the Synodicon of Orthodoxy", read on the Sunday of Orthodoxy during Great Lent] ." To those who do not deign to consent to the unaltered and unadulterated holy Symbol confessed by the Orthodox, that one, I mean, which was evangelically formulated by the First and Second Holy Councils and confirmed by the rest, but who rather amend it and distort it to support their own belief thereby not only corrupting the conciliar traditions of the holy fathers and of the holy and Godinstructed apostles, but also the definitions of our true God and Savior, Jesus Christ, ANATHEMA.» .. .

«To those who in any way undertake investigations into new doctrines concerning the divine and incomprehensible Trinity and who search out the difference between begetting and procession, and the nature of begetting and procession in God and who increase words and do not abide and persist in the definitions handed down to us by both the disciples of Christ and the divine fathers ; and who thereby uselessly strive to dispute over things not delivered to us, ANATHEMA. »

«To those who scorn the venerable and holy ecumenical Councils , and who despise even more their dogmatic and canonical traditions; and to those who say that all things were not peifectly defined and delivered by the councils, but that they left the greater part mysterious, unclear, and untaught, ANATHEMA»,

«To those who hold in contempt the sacred and divine canons of our blessed fathers, which, by sustaining the holy Church of God and adorning the whole Christian Church, guide to divine reverence, ANATHEMA"

«To all things innovated and enacted contrary to the Church tradition, teaching, and institution of the holy and ever memorable fathers , or to anything henceforth so enacted, ANATHEMA»

121

St. Mark Of Ephesus, one of the three Pillars Of Orthodoxy «We have cut the Latins off from us for no other reason than

that they are not only schismatics, but heretics. For this reason it is wholly improper to unite with them.» (1439)

SIGILLION of the Patriarchal formulation of an encyclical to Orthodox Christians throughout the world not to accept the modernistic Paschalion, or calendar of the innovated Menologion, but to keep what was once for all and well formulated by the three hundred and eighteen Holy Godbearing Father of the First Ecumenical Council, under penalty of penance and anathema.

Background in 1583, the Pope of Rome, Gregory XIII, who changed the Julian calendar, repeatedly pressured the Patriarch of Constantinople, Jeremias, who was called Illustrious, to follow him in the calendar innovation. The Patriarch repeatedly refused with letters, and finally in the same year, 1583, he conviened a council in Constantinople ..

«To all the genuine Christ's children of the Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church of Christ of the East residing in Trogovysti and throughtout the world, be grace and peace and mercy from God Almighty.

«No small turbulence overtook that ancient Ark when ' '

violently beset by billows, it floated upon the surface of the waters, and had not the Lord God remembered Noah and seen fit to still the water, there would have been no hope for it at all. Thus also in regard to the New Ark of our Church, against which misbelievers have launched an implacable war upon us, by means of these presents we have decided to leave a note that you may have in what is here in written the means of upholding and defending your Orthodox against such enemies more safely and surely.

But, lest the composition as a whole be weary to the simpler folks, we have decided to embody the matter in common langauge, wording it as follows: «In Common Language «From old Rome have come certain persons who learned there to wear Latin habits. The worst of it is how, from being Romans of Rumelia bred and born, they not only have changed their faith, but they even wage

122

war upon the Orthodox dog::nas which have been delivered o and the Holy Councils of the H

Therefore, cutting off thecommand:

1) That whoever doe not co is a child of the Eastern Cburc' that the Holy Spirit proceeds and hypostatically, as Christ a:· our Church and shall be anatbe

2) That whoever does not c Holy Communion the laity m Precious Body and Blood but ins of the body, and that that is su and blood, when as a matter of each seperately, and they who such persons be anathematized.

3) That whoever says that our Supper had unleavened bread 1

the Jews, and not leavened brea yeast, let him depart far away fro one having Jewish views and th dogmas of the Armenians into him be doubly anathema.

4) Whoever says that our C1i judge us, does not come to ju g embodied souls, but instead com be anathema.

5) Whoever says that the o while in the world but failed to purgatory of fire when the:: punishment, and are purified. myth, and those who, like Orige and thereby afford or offer the and all such persons be ana he~

Of Orthodoxy er reason than r this reason it

· an encyclical to • to accept the

_·ed Menologion, ~-..... a·,ed by the three

-er of the First - -d anathema.

-egory XIII, who --,~-_~""'"the Patriarch of

- -- -~--~'"''""· to follow him

- Holy Catholic and = ·~ Trogovysti and

ercy from God

- -:ient Ark, when, -'ace of the waters, ~d seen fit to still

all. Thus also in

;nay have in what -- defending your ~ ·urely. - : to the simpler -ommon langauge,

~--~-· -- From old Rome

war upon the Orthodox dogmas and truths of the Eastern Church which have been delivered to us by Christ and the divine Apostles and the Holy Councils of the Holy Fathers.

Therefore, cutting off these persons as rotten members, we command:

1) That whoever does not confess with heart and mouth that he is a child of the Eastern Church baptised in Orthodox style, and that the Holy Spirit proceeds out of only the Father, essentially and hypostatically, as Christ says in the Gospel, shall be outside of our Church and shall be anathematized.

2) That whoever does not confess that at the Mystery of the Holy Communion the laity must also partake of both kinds, of the Precious Body and Blood, but instead says that he will partake only of the body, and that that is sufficient because therein is both flesh and blood, when as a matter of fact Christ died and administered each seperately, and they who fail to keep such customs, let all such persons be anathematized.

3) That whoever says that our Lord Jesus Christ at the Mystical Supper had unleavened bread (made without yeast), like that of the Jews, and not leavened bread, that is to say, bread raised with yeast, let him depart far away from us and let him be anathema as one having Jewish views and those of Apollinarios and bringing dogmas of the Armenians into the Church, on which account let him be doubly anathema.

4) Whoever says that our Christ and God, when he comes to judge us, does not come to judge souls together with bodies, or embodied souls, but instead comes to sentance only bodies, let him be anathema.

5) Whoever says that the souls of Christians who repented while in the world but failed to perform their penance go to a purgatory of fire when they die, where there is flame and punishment, and are purified, which is simply an ancient Greek myth, and those who, like Origen, think that hell is not everlasting, and thereby afford or offer the liberty or incentive to sin, let him and all such persons be anathema.

123

6) That whoever says that the Pope is the head of the Church, and not Christ, and that he has authority to admit persons to Paradise with his letters of indulgence or other passports, and can fogive sins as many as a person may commit if such person pay money to receive from him indulgences, i.e. licences to sin, let every such person be anathema.

7) That whoever does not follow the customs of the Church as the Seven Holy Ecumenical Councils decreed, and Holy Pascha, and the Menologion with which they did well in making it a law that we should follow it, and wishes to follow the newly-invented Paschalion and the New Menologion of the atheist astronomers of the Pope, and opposes all those things and wishes to overthrow and destroy the dogmas and customs of the Church which have been handed down by our fathers, let him suffer anathema and be put out of the Church of Christ and out of the Congregation of the Faithflil.

8) That ye pious and Orthodox Christians remain faithflil in what ye have been taught and have been born and brought up in, and when the time calls for it and there be need, that your very blood be shed in order to safeguard the Faith handed down by our Fathers and your confession: and that ye beware of such persons as have been described or referred to in the foregoing paragraphs, in order that our Lord Jesus Christ may help you and at the same time may the prayer of our mediocrity be with all of you: amen.

Done in the year of the God-man 1583 (MDLXXXIII) , year of indiction 12, Novermber 20 [O.S.]

Jeremiah of Constantinople Silvester of Alexandria Sophronius of Jerusalem In the presence of the rest of the prelates at the Council. » This is found in pages 13-15 of the Rudder, which goes on to

add that at another Pan-Orthodox synod in 1593, the 8th canon, which was headed «For exclusion of the New Calendar decreees that «all those who dare to disturb the rules of the Great and Holy Ecumenical Council of Nicaea, as held in the presence of the pious

124

and most God-beloved · ·n-= feast of man saving Pa ka. be e. Church .. . »

From The Acts and Decree. the Calvinists, Held ii the Year of Jerusalem (London: Thomas I notes by J.N.W.B Robert on

Note: keep in mind that the and protective in nature. The_. Church to address the so-called confession, which espou ed m reformer John Calvin, wa re former Patriarch of Con tantino chiefly against those who are in are teaching contrary to the 0 elect" astray. Finally, you mu_ for compiling a document o - · teaching of some Orthodox bier compromised by the here y o · Orthodox Church has never offi or Protestants to be heretic . , In their ecumenical agenda of a fal e Thus, these excerpts are more fo; nts who may stumble aero my

It is to be noted, therefore. · well knowing the doctrine of the maintains the same as they therr and divine things; but of et pu • deceive the more simple. For e from the Westerns, and con eq ... the whole Catholic [Orthodox] (] manifestly heretics, and the erne•. they become, from motive o · ::e silly dogmas (if it is allowable ·o dogmas); but are entirely exte a)

- Pope is the head of the Church, · uthority to admit persons to

or other passports, and can "13Y commit if such person pay ~ences, i.e. licences to sin, let

the customs of the Church as ...tl decreed, and Holy Pascha, ey did well in making it a law

e~ to follow the newly-invented n of the atheist astronomers of mgs and wishes to overthrow m of the Church which have e· him suffer anathema and be out of the Congregation of the

- een born and brought up in, here be need, that your very

•he Faith handed down by our .J.t ye beware of such persons o in the foregoing paragraphs,

ay help you and at the same · ·be with all of you: amen.

OC.'-'::=3...'1 1- 3 (MDLXXXIII), year of

- "'relates at the Council.» c Rudder, which goes on to

•. od in 1593, the 8th canon, he • ew Calendar decreees

::rules of the Great and Holy in the presence of the pious

and most God-beloved King Constantine in regard to the holy feast of man saving Paska, be excommunicated and exluded from Church ... »

From The Acts and Decrees of the Synod of Jerusalem Against the Calvinists, Held ii the Year 1672 Under Dositheus, Patriarch of Jerusalem (London: Thomas Baker, 1899), translated and with notes by J.N.W.B Robertson

Note: keep in mind that the decrees in this Synod are Pastoral and protective in nature. They arose out of the need for the Church to address the so-called «Confession of Cyril Lucan>. This confession, which espoused many teachings of the Protestant reformer John Calvin, was reportedly written by Cyril Lucar, a former Patriarch of Constantinople. The strong words are directed chiefly against those who are in full awareness of their error and are teaching contrary to the Orthodox Faith, leading "even the elect" astray. Finally, you must also know that my primary motive for compiling a document of texts like this is to combat the teaching of some Orthodox hierarchs and theologians who are compromised by the heresy of ecumenism. They say that the Orthodox Church has never officially declared Roman Catholics or Protestants to be heretics.» In saying this, they hope to further their ecumenical agenda of a false union with Western heterodoxy. Thus, these excerpts are more for the Orthodox than for Protestants who may stumble across my page.)

It is to be noted, therefore, that the leaders of these heretics, well knowing the doctrine of the Eastern Church, declare that she maintains the same as they themselves do in what concerns God and divine things; but of set purpose do they malign us, chiefly to deceive the more simple. For being severed, or rather rent away from the Westerns, and consequently being absolutely rejected by the whole Catholic (Orthodox] Church, and convicted, they are manifestly heretics, and the chiefest of heretics. For not only have they become, from motives of self love, propounders of new and silly dogmas (if it is allowable to call what are really only fables dogmas); but are entirely external to the Church, as having no kind

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of communion whatever with the Catholic [Orthodox] Church, as hath been said ... But, as it is impossible in this matter for light and darkness, or Christ and Belial, to be together, so it is impossible for our adversaries, so long as they follow Calvin the heresiarch, as a leader, to be at one with the Eastern Church in what concerneth faith.

From the Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarch of 1848 4. Of these heresies diffused, with what sufferings the LORD

hath known, over a great part of the world", was formerly Arianism, and at present is the Papacy. This, too, as the former has become extinct, although now flourishing, shall not endure, but pass away and be cast down, and a great voice from heaven shall cry; It is cast down (Rev. xii. 10).

5, xv. All erroneous doctrine touching the Catholic truth of the Blessed Trinity, and the origin of the divine Persons, and thx Subsistence of the Holy Ghost, is and is called heresy, and they who so hold are deemed heretics, according to the Sentence of St. Damasus, Pope of Rome, who says: «If any one rightly holds concerning the Father and the Son, yet holds not rightly of the Holy Ghost, he is an heretic» (Cath. Conf of Faith which Pope Damasus sent to Paulinus, Bishop of Thessalonica). Wherefore the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church, following in the steps of the holy Fathers, both Eastern and Western, proclaimed of old to our progenitors and again teaches today Synodically, that the said novel doctrine of the Holy Ghost Proceeding from the Father and the Son is essentially heresy, and its maintainers, whoever they be, are heretics, according to the Sentence of Pope St. Damasus, and that the congregations of such are also heretical, and that all Spiritual communion in worship of the orthodox sons of the Catholic Church with such is unlawful. Such is the force of the seventh Canon of the third Ecumenical Council.

7. These illustrious men proved indeed on this point the truth of the words of our holy father Basil the sublime, when he said, from experience, concerning the Bishops of the West, and

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particularly of the Potx!: They to learn it, striving again t ho-e strengthening themselve in Samosata). Thus, after a fir t an knowing their impenitence h · they gave them over to their repro peace, apart from God ,» as a i concerning the Arians. From tha· · communion between us and them· hands dug deep the chasm betwee

16. From these things we est" labyrinth of wrong and incorrigi h has thrown even the wiser and mo Church, so that, in order to prese valued vicarial dignity, as well a things depending upon it, they kno the most divine and sacred things. end. Clothing themselves, in words most venerable antiquity» (p. xi. 1 within, the innovating temper; and hard upon himself when he say everything that has crept in among while he and his have spread the into the Supper of our LORD.

From the Patriarchal Encyclica XXI. Such are, briefly, the sen

concerning the faith and the admi Church, which the Papal Church evident, the Papal Encyclical puq These innovations, which have refe faith and of the administrative ~are manifestly opposed to the ec 1 nine centuries, make the Ionge impossible. and every pious and

lie [Orthodox] Church, as r-:::::::=--"'e b this matter for light and

gether, so it is impossible ··Calvin the heresiarch, as

r-~-·u Church in what concerneth

Patriarch of 1848 ·.;·hat sufferings the LORD

e world", was formerly ~-.This, too, as the former has

·rung, shall not endure, but _-eat voice from heaven shall

_ ...... ~·LUg the Catholic truth of the e divine Persons, and thl(

-d is called heresy, and they ---ording to the Sentence of St.

-. «If any one rightly holds - _-et holds not rightly of the

Conf of Faith which Pope f Thessalonica). Wherefore

olic Church, following in the ··ern and Western, proclaimed

eaches today Synodically, that _ Ghost Proceeding from the

eresy, and its maintainers, ·drng to the Sentence of Pope

of such are also heretical, - ·orship of the orthodox sons · unlawful. Such is the force of

:!.;Tienical Council. :ndeed on this point the truth

riJ the sublime, when he said, _ - e Bishops of the West, and

particularly of the Pope: «They neither know the truth nor endure to learn it, striving against those who tell them the truth, and strengthening themselves in their heresy» (to Eusebius of Samosata). Thus, after a first and second brotherly admonition, knowing their impenitence, shaking them off and avoiding them, they gave them over to their reprobate mind. «War is better than peace, apart from God,» as said our holy father Gregory, concerning the Arians. From that time there has been no spiritual communion between us and them; for they have with their own hands dug deep the chasm between themselves and Orthodoxy.

16. From these things we estimate into what an unspeakable labyrinth of wrong and incorrigible sin of revolution the papacy has thrown even the wiser and more godly Bishops of the Roman Church, so that, in order to preserve the innocent, and therefore valued vicarial dignity, as well as the despotic primacy and the things depending upon it, they know no other means shall to insult the most divine and sacred things, daring everything for that one end. Clothing themselves, in words, with pious reverence for «the most venerable antiquity» (p. xi. 1.16), in reality there remains, within, the innovating temper; and yet his Holiness really hears hard upon himself when he says that we «must cast from us everything that has crept in among us since the Separation,» (!) while he and his have spread the poison of their innovation even into the Supper of our LORD.

From the Patriarchal Encyclical of 1895 XXI. Such are, briefly, the serious and arbitrary innovations

concerning the faith and the administrative constitution of the Church, which the Papal Church has introduced and which, it is evident, the Papal Encyclical purposely passes over in silence. These innovations, which have reference to essential points of the faith and of the administrative system of the Church, and which are manifestly opposed to the ecclesiastical condition of the first nine centuries, make the longed-for union of the Churches impossible. and every pious and orthodox heart is filled with

127

inexpressible sorrow on seeing the Papal Church disdainflilly persisting in them, and not in the least contributing to the sacred purpose of union by rejecting those heretical innovations and coming back to the ancient condition of the one holy, catholic and apostolic Church of Christ, of which she also at that time formed a part.

XXIV .... But, as has been said before, the Western Church, from the tenth century downwards, has privily brought into herself through the papacy various and strange and heretical doctrines and innovations, and so she has been torn away and removed far from the true and orthodox Church of Christ. How necessary, then, it is for you to come back and return to the ancient and unadulterated doctrines of the Church in order to attain the salvation in Christ after which you press, you can easily understand if you intelligently consider the command of the heaven-ascended Apostle Paul to the Thessalonians, saying: "Therefore, brethren, stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught, whether by word, or our epistle" ..

From 9 «An Open Letter to the Orthodox Hierarchy», by Fr. Michael Azkoul

« ... If any have doubts that Papists and Protestants are heretics, let him have recourse to history, to the reputable and sagacious opinions and statements of councils, encyclicals and theologians. From the time of blessed Saint Photius, when Papism was coming into being, the Church of God has defined Her attitude towards this ecciesiological heresy even as She had towards the triadological and christological heresies of ancient times. The Council of Constantinople (879-880) under Photius declared the various innovations of the West to be heretical (J.D. Mansi, Sacro. Council. nova et amplis. collect. Venice, 1759, XVI, 174C, 405C); and the Council of the same imperial city (1009) confirmed the decisions of Photius against the Papists (Mansi, XXXL, 799f) . Theophylact of Ochrida condemned the Papal errors (PG 126 224)

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as did_ 'i epho - B e;n.'ly e-. P 533-564).

my lord in outward things, and Ie· the things of the soul, for I do no· I first; if I do not obey him, but if I ac second, I shall have deserted my GO< will drive away» (in J. Giesler. Co p.490). Again, George of Cyprus ( II, Patriarch of Constantinople (P Eugenicos (PG 140 1071-1100) a Gennadius (PG 160 320-373) all does Saint Simeon of Thessaloni Haer, PG 155 105-108), th e ill·blessed, St. Gregory PaJama . G Scholasticism.

«In the 16th Century, de pie Jeremiah II of Constantinople reje his Three Answers on the ground Constantinople (1638) repudia ec Council of Jassy (1642) with Pe· Western innovations» and the Cou the famous Patriarch Dositheus pu with the pronouncements of the Pa forming thereby the shield of tru h the ancient Church» to «the here:i Protestants» (See I Mesolora. :~

Church (vol. IV), Athens, 190 . 11

Papists and Protestants is a clear ~

Church as the «One, Holy Ca ho declared the Council of Con tan · · the Eastern Patriarchs (1 ). e (1872), the Patriarchal Encycli al o: of 1904, and the memorable v;

Constantinople, Joachim II. <• Our ...

urch disdainflilly -·mg to the sacred

innovations and e oly, catholic and

that time formed

e .\'e tern Church, - ugbt into herself eretical doctrines

-- and removed far . How necessary,

·he ancient and - er to attain the

ily understand ~ eaven-ascended

are heretics, e and sagacious

d theologians.

• Iansi, Sacra. 1 1 4C, 405C);

-onfirmed the XXXL, 799f).

-~ PG 126 224)

as did Nicephorus Blemnydes, Patriarch of Constantinople PG 142 533-564).

«His successor, Michael Anchialus stated" «Let the Saracen be my lord in outward things, and let not the Italian run with me in the things of the soul, for I do not become of one mind with the first; if I do not obey him, but if I accept harmony in faith with the second, I shall have deserted my God, whom He, in embracing me, will drive away» (in J. Giesler, Comp. Ecci .. Mist. Edinburg, 1953, p.490). Again, George of Cyprus (PG 142 1233-1245), Germanus II, Patriarch of Constantinople (PG 140 621-757), Saint Marcus Eugenicos (PG 140 1071-1100) and Patriarch of Constantinople, Gennadius (PG 160 320-373) all condemn the Papist heresies as does Saint Simeon of Thessalonica (Dial. Christ. Contra Omn. Haer, PG 155 105-108), the illustrious successor to the most blessed, St. Gregory PaJamas, God-mantled enemy of Latin Scholasticism.

«<n the 16th Century, despite the Turkish yoke, Patriarch Jeremiah II of Constantinople rejected the Lutheran overtures in his Three Answers on the ground of heresy while the Council of Constantinople (1638) repudiated the Calvinist heresies; the Council of Jassy (1642) with Peter Moghila denounced «all Western innovations» and the Council of Jerusalem (1672) under the famous Patriarch Dositheus published its 18 decrees together with the pronouncements of the Patriarch, Confess to Dosithei, forming thereby the shield of truth» which opposed «the spirit of the ancient Church» to «the heresies of both the Latins and the Protestants» (See I Mesolora, Symbol of the Eastern Orthodox Church (vol. IV), Athens, 1904). Of course, the heresy of the Papists and Protestants is a clear affirmation of the Orthodox Church as the «One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church» as declared the Council of Constantiriople (1672), the Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs (1848), the Council of Constantinople (1872), the Patriarchal Encyclical of 1895, the Holy Russian Synod of 1904, and the memorable words of (the) Patriarch of Constantinople, Joachim II, «Our desire is that all heretics shall

129

come to the bosom of the Orthodox Church of Christ which alone is able to give them salvation .. «(in Chrestos Androutsos, The Basisfor Union ... Constantinople, 1905, p.36).» In Eveston, Ill. 1952 Arch-Bishop Ezekial, President of the first Eccumenical Conference: Stated same - yet was rebuffed, shuned.

From Orthodox Tradition, Vol. xm, No.1 , 41ff. « ... As for those who, in defending the stand taken by Bishop

Maximos and other ecumenists of like mind, claim that the Roman Catholic Church and its teachings have never been condemned by the Orthodox Church, let us cite the following statement from the Greek periodical Hagios Kyprianos, a sober and erudite periodical which has, for a number of years, published significant assessments of the ecumenical movement from a traditional Orthodox point of view:« .. Two Ecumenical Synods (the eighth 879-880, concerning St. Photios the Great, and the ninth /14th century, concerning St. Gregory Palamas) and at least fourteen (14) other anti-papist Orthodox Synods have condemned Papsim and its numberless errors in belief, while more than two hundred (200) Holy Fathers and ecclesiastical writers have written against the Latins and have overturned those dogmas which they hold in opposition to the Gospels.» [Editorial note. -We should point out that many Orthodox scholars consider the Synods held in Constantinople in 879-880, under Emperor Basil I, and in 1341, under Emperor Andronicos III, to have an ecumenical character. In 1351, another Synod, held at the

Blacharnai Palace under Emperor John VI Cantacouzenos, fully upheld the decisions of the Synod of 1341, further supporting its ecumenical character.)»

From Orthodox Tradition, Vol. XIV, No. 2&3, 26. This response to a question from a student at St. Vtadimir"s

Seminary" . .. ] Second, let us see what a «Contemporary» Father of the Church who was awarded an honorary doctorate by your seminary, incidentally-has to say, in keeping with the true consensus of our Orthodox Patristic tradition , about the

130

heterodox. In his essay. «Attri Vol. XXXI, No.1 [Jan.-Feb. 1 drite Justin (Popovich) wri e-:

From time to time. here themselves off and have fallen Church of Christ, whereby Church and parts of Her Thean thus were the Gnostics, then · then the Monophysites, then Catholics, then the Protestan . members of the legion of heret·

From The Creeds of Chn ieJ Rapids: Baker Book Hou e. 1 with this book, it is a cia 1

text. See also Augsburg an Mastrantonis (Brookline: Holy

Lutheran-Orthodox Dialog After considerable dela

Constantinople] replied to the and subjected the Aug burg criticism, rejecting nea rly a. commending only its indor-e Synods and its view on the m professors sent him an elab01 documents, but Jeremiah. t\\O ~

his former position, and when new letters, apologetic and correspondence, and cea ed to

The Answers of Jeremiah -.... of Jerusalem in 1672, and rna_ expressing th e spirit of the Protestantism. it is evident fro Jerusalem that the Gree - C Calvinism alike as dangerou- he

~ h of Christ which alone re tos Androutsos, The

-. p.36).» In Eves ton, Ill. · o• the first Eccumenical

. ed. huned.

e tand taken by Bishop d. claim that the Roman

e\·er been condemned by ·"'-i ng statement from the er and erudite periodical

ed ignificant assessments _.._·&Jonal Orthodox point of

- e gbth 879-880, concerning _. - century, concerning St. ;;e:::. 14) other anti-papist - ·im and its numberless

dred (200) Holy Fathers -= rnst the Latins and have

old in opposition to the - d point out that many

"' eld in Constantinople in -- in 1341, under Emperor

- "' aracter. In 1351, another

- John VI Cantacouzenos, -H, further supporting

contemporary» Father of ::orary doctorate by your

1 ·eeping with the true j~ t ra dition , about the

heterodox. In his essay, «Attributes of the Church» (Orthodox Life Vol. XXXI, No.1 [Jan.-Feb. 1981], p.29), the Blessed Archimandrite Justin (Popovich) writes:

From time to time, heretics and schismatics have cut themselves off and have fallen away from the One and indivisible Church of Christ, whereby they ceased to be members of the Church and parts of Her Theanthropic Body. The first to fall away thus were the Gnostics, then the Arians, then the Macedonians, then the Monophysites, then the Iconoclasts, then the Roman Catholics, then the Protestants, then the Uniates, and so on-all the members of the legion of heretics and schismatics.

From The Creeds of Chrisiendom, ed. by Philip Schaff (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1990 [1931 ]). For those not familiar with this book, it is a classic and scholarly Protestant reference text. See also Augsburg and Constantinople, by Fr. George Mastrantonis (Brookline: Holy Cross Press, 1982).

Lutheran-Orthodox Dialogue After considerable delay, Jeremiah II, [Patriarch of

Constantinople] replied to the Lutheran divines at lenight, in 1576, and subjected the Augsburg Confession to an unfavorable criticism, rejecting nearly all its distinctive doctrines, and commending only its indorsement [sic] of the early ecumenical Synods and its view on the marriage of priests. The Tubingen professors sent him an elaborate defense (1577), with other documents, but Jeremiah, two years afterwards, only reaffirmed his former position, and when the Lutherans troubled him with new letters , apologetic and polemic, he declined all further correspondence, and ceased to answer.

The Answers of Jeremiah received the approval of the Synod of Jerusalem in 1672, and may be regarded, therefore, as truly expressing the spirit of the Eastern Communion towards Protestantism. it is evident from the transactions of the Synod of Jerusalem that the Greek Church rejects Lutheranism and Calvinism alike as dangerous heresies. (51-52)

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Calvinism and Cyril Lucar's Confession The Confession of Cyril Lucar was never adopted by any

branch or party of the Eastern Church, and even repeatedly condemned as heretical; but as it gave rise to the later authentic definitions of the «Orthodox Faith ,» in opposition to the distinctive doctrines of Romanism and Protestantism, it must be noticed here ...

Cyril left no followers able or willing to carry on his work, but the agitation he had produced continued for several years and called forth defensive measures . His doctrines were anathematized by Patriarch Cyril of Berea and a Synod of Constantinople (Sept., 1638), then again by the Synods of Jassy, in Moldavia, 1643, and of Jerusalem, 1672; (54, 55)

The Synod convened at Jerusalem in March, 1672, by Patriarch Dositheus, for the consecration of the restored Church of the Holy Nativity in Bethlehem, issued a new Defense or Apology of Greek Orthodoxy. It is directed against Calvinism, which was still professed or secretly held by many admirers of Cyril Lucar. It is dated Jerusalem, March 16, 1672, and signed by Dositheus, Patriarch of Jerusalem and Palestine (otherwise little known), and by sixty-eight Eastern bishops and ecclesiastics, including some from Russia.

This Synod is the most important in the modern history of the Eastern Church, and may be compared to the Council of Trent. Both fixed the doctrinal status of the Churches they represent, and both condemned the evangelical doctrines of Protestantism . . . But although the Synod was chiefly aimed against Protestantism, and has no direct polemical reference to the Latin Church, it did not give up any of the distinctive Greek doctrines , or make any concessions to the claims of the Papacy.

The acts of the Synod of Jerusalem consists of six chapters, and a confession of Dositheus in eighteen decrees. Both are preceded

132

by a pastoral letter giving an a-c confession in opposition to Cah · condemned a like as being notwithstanding some appara Patriarch Jeremia h given ·o Tubingen, and other Lutheran Synod of Jerusalem, as they wer clothed with a semi-symboli Confession of Peter Moghila i liJ Confession of Cyril Lucar i di o

The Six Chapters are very p1 against the Confession which w

Cyril Lucar, and give large extr before the clergy and people o orthodoxy. One anathema i n threefold anathema is hurled aga

The Confessio Dosithei pre articles, a positive statement of t order of Cyril's Confession, whic most authoritative and comple modern Greek Church on the coni transmitted by the Eastern Patri; 1721, and through it to certain B.M as an ultimatum to be received conference by all who would be in Church. (61-62)

Love for 1 There is no doubt at all that •

the Holy Fathers with regard to the Apostles-, reflects wholly the This is expressed in the following the Confessor:

- -O ·ed by any e:: repeatedly

_ · ·er authentic i ·wn to the

""'1. it must be

-:. by Patriarch --~b of the Holy

logy of Greek icb was still

C_ :ril Lucar. It is _ _ y Dositheus,

· e known), and

by a pastoral letter giving an account of the occasion of this public confession in opposition to Calvinism and Lutheranism, which are condemned alike as being essentially the same heresy, notwithstanding some apparant differences. The Answers of Patriarch Jeremiah given to Martin Crusius, Professor in Tubingen, and other Lutherans, in 1572, are approved by the Synod of Jerusalem, as they were by the Synod of Jassy, and thus clothed with a semi-symbolical authority. The Orthodox Confession of Peter Moghila is likewise sanctioned again, but the Confession of Cyril Lucar is disowned as a forgery.

The Six Chapters are very prolix, and altogether polemical against the Confession which was circulated under the name of Cyril Lucar, and give large extracts from his homilies preached before the clergy and people of Constantinople to prove his orthodoxy. One anathema is not considered sufficient, and a threefold anathema is hurled against the heretical doctrines.

The Confessio Dosithei presents, in eighteen decrees or articles, a positive statement of the orthodox faith. It follows the order of Cyril's Confession, which it is intended to refute. It is the most authoritative and complete doctrinal deliverance of the modern Greek Church on the contoverted articles. It was formally transmitted by the Eastern Patriarchs to the Russian Church in 1721, and through it to certain Bishops of the Church of England, as an ultimatum to be received without flirther question or conference by all who would be in communion with the Orthodox Church. (61-62)

Love for Heretics There is no doubt at all that the standard of love put forth by

the Holy Fathers with regard to heretics standard inherited from the Apostles-, reflects wholly the characteristics of the God-Man. This is expressed in the following inspired words of Saint Maximos the Confessor:

133

«I write these things not wishing to cause distress to the heretics or to rejoice in their ill-treatment God forbid; but, rather, rejoicing and being gladdened at their return. For what is more pleasing to the Faithfull than to see the scattered children of God gathered again as one? Neither do I exhort you to place harshness above the love of men. May I not be so mad! I beseech you to do and to carry out good to all men with care and assiduity, becoming all things to all men, as the need of each is shown to you; I want and pray you to be wholly harsh and implacable with the heretics only in regard to cooperating with them or in any way whatever supporting their deranged belief For I reckon it misanthropy and a departure from Divine love to lend support to error, that those previously seized by it might be even more greatly corrupted» (Patrologia Graeca, Vol.91 col. 465c).

From The Panheresy of Ecumenism, by Metropolitan Cyprian of Oropos and Fill (Etna, CA: The Center for Traditionalist Orthodox Studies, 1995), 32.

For Further Reading (all still available from St. Nectarios Press, or other Orthodox bookstores);

• St. Photios, On the Mystagogy of the Holy Spirit (Studion Publishers, Inc., 1983). This extremely important book also includes the Synodicon on the Holy Spirit, «St. Photios and the Filioque» by Michael Azkoul, and «The Life of St. Photios» by St. Justin Popovich.

• The Lives of the Pillars of Orthodoxy (Buena Vista, CO: Holy Apostles Convent and the Dormition Skete, 1990). Contains the lives of St. Photios, St. Mark of Ephesus, and St. Gregory PaJamas. Over 600 pages.

• Ostroumoff, Ivan, The History of the Council ofFiorence (Boston, MA: Holy Transfiguration Monastery, 1971).

• Kalomiros, Alexander, Against False Union (Seattle, W A: St. Nectarios Press, 1982). He is the author of the famous essay «The River of Fire».

134

IIEPIEX

ITPOAOrO~ ...... ....... . ~TE<l>ANOMA TOY A. "OPQ ITO~ H LH~H HT AI\" E. "A . . . . TO ITAAIO ITAIXI\"IM TO f: «I10IO~ EINAI ITIO ArlO~ OP00d02IA: TO KAA 1TEPA KPYMMENO MY~TIKO TOY KO AfPAMMA TOI XPI~TIA. ·ol.. . TI MITOPEI NA dH:\1IOYPrH-'-' H AAAAfH MIA~ AE:::H~ . . H APXAIA ~YNOMO~IA ... OXI ~TON ENA «MEr A.\0 0£ AATPEIA TON Arm . EIKO. ~E ~XE~H ME TO . TL\110 -01 KINEZOI OP00dO:::OI ITPOTOMAPTYPE~ ... ..... . ITOIMENE~ ITOAAOI

TON AMITEAONA MOY .11£<1> ~

H ITAPAdO~IAKH MdA~KA.\1.

TH~ AriA~ OP00dO:::OY EK~ MA~TPO<l>H TH~ AAHOEIA~

The Word «Anathema» and It"· •

What Is Heresy? ......... . .. .

Holy Canons Related to Ecume ·~

AN ENCYCLICAL LETTER

Are Protestantism and

Roman Catholicism Heretical? ...

rn. For what is more ered children of God

• u to place harshness · I beseech you to do

a iduity, becoming -hown to you; I want

~ le with the heretics m any way whatever

on it misanthropy and --: to error, that those e greatly corrupted»

J • letropolitan Cyprian er fo r Traditionalist

~ Holy Spirit (Studion _ :mportant book also

St. Photios and the e of St. Photios» by St.

_: (Buena Vista, CO: - ·ete, 1990). Contains ~u , and St. Gregory

e Council ofFiorence ery. 1971).

" · nion (Seattle, W A: r of the famous essay

ITEPIEXOMENA

IIPOAOfOL: ........ .. ......... . ... - - - - - - - - - .5 L:TE<l>ANOMA TOY AN0POIIINOY «EfO» ......... 9

IIOL: H 6YL:H HTAN ENA ................. - - - .. 11 TO IIAAIO IIAIXNIM TOY: «IIOIOL: EINAI IIIO AriOL: » ..... .... ...... - .. 14 OP00602IA: TO KAAITEPA KPYMMENO MYL:TIKO TOY KOL:MOY ......... - ... 18 AfPAMMATOI XPIL:TIANOI... . ................ 22 TI MIIOPEI NA 6HMIOYPfHL:EI H AAAAfH MIAL: AE2HL: .................... 26 H APXAIA L:YNOMOL:IA . .................... 30 OXI L:TON ENA «MEfAAO 0E0» OAON ........... 32 AATPEIA TON AriON EIKONON ............... 36 L:E L:XEL:H ME TON TIMIO L:T AYPO ............. 43 OI KINEZOI OP006020I IIPOTOMAPTYPEL: ........................ - .. 44 IIOIMENEL: IIOAAOI

TON AMIIEAONA MOY ME<l>0EIPAN .. ... .... . .. 58 H IIAPA60L:IAKH M6AL:KAAIA THL: AriAL: OP006020Y EKKAHL:IAL: ........... 72 MAL:TPO<l>H THL: AAH0EIAL: .................. 76

The Word «Anathema» and It's Meaning ............ --- 89

What Is Heresy? ........ . ....... . .. . ............ - - . 92 Holy Canons Related to Ecumenism . ... ............... 98

AN ENCYCLICAL LETTER ................ .. - - - . 107

Are Protestantism and

Roman Catholicism Heretical? ... ............... .. ... 118

135