ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015: Impacts & Benefits to Thailand’s Academic and Technology-based Business Sectors

นเรศ ดำ��รงชั�ยnares@sti.or.thผู้��อำ��นวยก�รศ�นย�ค�ดำก�รณ์�เทคโนโลย�เอำเปคสำ��น�กง�นคณ์ะกรรมก�รนโยบ�ยว�ทย�ศ�สำตร� เทคโนโลย� และนว�ตกรรมแห่#งชั�ต�

ร� �จั�กอำ�เซี�ยน & AEC

How do you imagine the ASEAN Community to be like in 2015?

ASEAN Community

Narrowing the Development GAP (NDG)

ASEAN Political-Security

Community(APSC)

ASEAN Economic

Community(AEC)

ASEAN Socio-Cultural

Community(ASCC)

ASEAN at a glance: Facts and Figures (2009)

Cambodia

Indonesia

Brunei Darussalam

Lao PDR

Myanmar

Philippines

Malaysia

Singapore

Thailand

Viet Nam

Country Land Area(km2)

181,035

1,860,360

5,765

236,800

676,577

300,000

330,252

710

513,120

331,051

Population(‘000)

14,957.8

231,369.5

406.2

5,922.1

59,534.3

92,226.6

28,306.7

4,987.6

66,903.0

86,024.6

GDP(USD million)

10,368.2

546,527.0

14,146.7

5,579.2

24,972.8

161,357.6

193,107.7

182,701.7

264,322.8

96,317.1

FDI(USD million)

530.2

4,876.8

176.8

318.6

578.6

1,948.0

1,381.0

16,256.2

5,956.9

7,600.0

Total Trade(USD million)

8,886.7

213,339.2

9,568.2

2,962.1

10,191.3

83,868.6

280,221.4

515,617.1

286,266.8

25,921.9

GDP(per capita)

693.2

2,362.1

34,827.0

942.1

419.5

1,749.6

6,822.1

36,631.2

3,950.8

1,104.2

ASEAN 4,435,670 590,638.3 1,499,400.8 39,623.0 1,536,843.3 2,533.5

10% of world population2% of world GDP

Key Components of the AEC: ASEAN as a single market and production base

1. Free flow of goods2. Free flow of services3. Free flow of investment4. Freer flow of capital5. Free flow of skilled labour

Simplifying Trade

• ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) – Eliminating tariffs and non-tariff barriers

• Simplifying, harmonising and standardising trade and customs, processes, procedures and related information flows– Customs integration to smoothen customs

clearance– Mutual Recognition Arrangements (MRAs)

Services

• allowance for 70% ASEAN foreign equity participation in all domestic service industries by 2015

Investment

• Promote ASEAN as an integrated investment area and production network.

Labour

• Facilitate the issuance of visas and employment passes for ASEAN professionals and skilled labour who are engaged in cross-border trade and investment related activities.

• Enhance cooperation among Universities to increase mobility for both students and staff within the region.

• Develop core competencies and qualifications for job/occupational and trainers skills required in the priority services sectors

Research and Technology

• Strengthen research capabilities of each member country in terms of promoting skills, job placements, and developing labour market information networks.

• Promote cooperation, joint approaches and technology transfer among ASEAN Member Countries and international, regional organisations and private sector. – Develop joint strategies / positions on issues of related

interest to ASEAN with international organisations such as WTO, FAO, OIE, IPCC

โครงก�รท#�เร&อำน�'�ล(กท�)ทว�ย

เสำ�นท�งขอำง GMS Southern Corridor

ใครจัะไดำ�ประโยชัน�จั�ก

ก�รรวม อำ�เซี�ยนเป-น

AEC

factor-driven

efficiency-driven

innovation-driven

Countries Stage of Development

Source: WEF, The Global Competitiveness Report 2010–2011

Dr. Nares Damrongchai @2010 Please do not circulate outside APEC ISTWG

14

Countries Stage of Development

factor-driven efficiency-driven innovation-driven

Source: WEF, The Global Competitiveness Report 2010–2011

Photo from Flickr.comAll rights reserved by liber

ความเหลื่�อมลื่��าในอาเซี�ยน

ปั�ญหาการกระจายรายได้�ของไทยน��น...

...แย!กว!า มาเลื่เซี�ย ฟิ$ลื่%ปัปั$นส์' แลื่ะ อ%นโด้น�เซี�ย

___% ของคร�วเร�อนท�ว

ปัระเทศไม!ม�น��าปัระปัาในบ้�าน

80

How much can you use knowledge for development?

Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand rank highest regarding their overall innovation performance.

Source: World Bank, 2010

ASEA

N

Thailand ---

อำน�คตอำ�เซี�ยนและอำน�คตไทย

SWOT ThailandStrengths Weaknesses

Strong electronics and automotive sectors based on multinational firms

Large regional export markets, particularly China

Productive agricultural sector Growing food processing industry Expanding Thai creative industries

Inadequate supply of skilled personnel Low R&D investments Lack of ICT and Internet services Weak links between foreign and local

firms Ineffective industrial clusters policy Disjointed S&T governance

Opportunities Threats MNEs investing in local R&D

including eco-cars Market niches in Thai food and crafts Growing tourist destination S&T and industrial parks

Competition from Asian countries for FDI

Lack of competition in many sectors Political instability Increasing brain drain

Thailand’s Advantage

• Office space– ‘Bangkok contains the most office space of any

ASEAN city, including Singapore, according to research by Colliers International throughout Asia Pacific. Tokyo contains by far the greatest amount of space in Asia as a whole with around 10 times the amount as Bangkok. http://www.thaivest.com/bangkok-has-the-most-office-space-of-asean-cities/’

Percentage of Biotechnology Companies in Thailand in 2009

Source: Chanvarasuth N. and Indaraprasirt R.: Thailand Biotech Business: Product of the National Policy, Journal of Commercial Biotechnology 2009 15, 66-72

ปั�จจ+บ้�น

R&D /GDP = 0.21 %

R&D Personnel (FTE)

6.76:10,000

R&D expenditure(Government:

Private)60:40

1 %15:10,0

0030:70

หมายเหตุ+ : ป. 2007 R&D Exp = 18,225 MB R&D Exp : Gov : Private =10,935:7,290

MB R&D Personnel = 42,624 (man-year)

เปั-าหมาย ~ปั. 2016

ท�)ม�: สำ��น�กง�นคณ์ะกรรมก�รนโยบ�ยว�ทย�ศ�สำตร� เทคโนโลย� และนว�ตกรรมแห่#งชั�ต� (ธั�นว�คม 2553)

• Almost 80% of enterprises from all sectors in Thailand do not understand the benefits of regional integration. – Survey by the University of the Thai Chamber of

Commerce (UTCC) Centre for International Trade Studies released recently http://www.asianewsnet.net/home/news.php?id=15526&sec=15

100 … 83 … 75

There is less than 4 years!