中国河流健康与环境流量项目 : 主要成果

Robert Speed

北京， 2012 年 2 月 23 日

大纲

1. 项目简介

2. 环境流量评估

3. 河流健康评估

4. 主要发现和建议

大纲

1. 项目简介

2. 环境流量评估

3. 河流健康评估

4. 主要发现和建议

基本情况 :•2009 年 9 月 – 2012 年 3月•400 万澳元•2 个主题 :

• 河流健康• 环境流量

黄河流域 ( 黄河下游 )

珠江 流域 ( 桂江 )

辽河流域 ( 太子河 )

技术路线

试点区域

现状回顾

评估河流健康和环境流量需求

国家层面的建议

政策发展；国际回顾

能力

发展

能力

发展

大纲

1. 项目简介

2. 环境流量评估

3. 河流健康评估

4. 主要发现和建议

Presentation Heading

Identify assets

Set objectives for each asset

Develop preferred e-flow rules

Model e-flows and security of supply against targets

Outcomes and risks understood

Lower Yellow River: Key Ecological Assets

Flow objectives for lower Yellow River

Recommended flow regime Lower Yellow River, reach 1 (low risk)

Presentation Heading

E-flows assessment method

• Asset-based approach• Holistic approach• Capacity to adapt method to the situation

– Data time, or cost constraints• Allow for informed decisions; basis for making trade-

offs

Environmental flows policy and water allocation

Overview

1. Introduction to the project

2. Environmental flows assessment

3. River health assessment

a. Pearl and Liao pilots

b. Yellow River pilot

c. Hydrology

4. Summary of findings and recommendations

1 Identify the objectives of the program 确定项目目标2 Identify suitable measures (indicators) of drivers, stressors and response

确认合适的驱使因素，压力源和反应的指标3 Develop conceptual models linking range of drivers to potential impacts

联系驱使因素和潜在影响开发概念模型4 River Classification to identify homogenous ‘river types’

河流分类从而确认相同的河流类型5 Trial sampling program and refinement of indicators 采样试验，完善指

标6 Selection of suitable benchmarks for ecological indicators

选取合适的生态指标的基准7 Reporting & Communication 报告和交流8 Implement management actions to address priority areas/threats

执行管理行动，明确地区 /威胁的优先顺序

Important steps 项目发展的重要步骤1 Identify the objectives of the program 确定项目目标2 Identify suitable measures (indicators) of drivers, stressors and response

确认合适的驱使因素，压力源和反应的指标3 Develop conceptual models linking range of drivers to potential impacts

联系驱使因素和潜在影响开发概念模型4 River Classification to identify homogenous ‘river types’

河流分类从而确认相同的河流类型5 Trial sampling program and refinement of indicators 采样试验，完善指

标6 Selection of suitable benchmarks for ecological indicators

选取合适的生态指标的基准7 Reporting & Communication 报告和交流8 Implement management actions to address priority areas/threats

执行管理行动，明确地区 /威胁的优先顺序

Classification

Assessment against disturbance gradient

100 150 200 250 300 350

10

20

30

40

50

EC

M_

S

Conductivity

(LR) Richness= 3.7027 – 0.0024EC. P < 0.0001. Adjusted R2 = 0.1502.

5 10 15 20

02

04

06

08

0

%Construction in Catchment

Fi_

DUrbanization

Indi

vidu

als

of

Fis

h(LR) Ind. = 4.4303 – 0.1382*Urban%. P < 0.0001. Adjusted R2 = 0.3169.

SR

of

Mac

roin

vert

brat

e

Taizi River Indicators with significant* relationship with stressors

Mountain region

Water quality: EC, NH3-N, TN, TPMacroinverts ： SR ， BMWP ， EPT R(F)Fish ： F-IBI; A: A-IBI

HillsWater quality: EC, volatile phenols, NH3-N, TN, TPMacroinverts ： SR ， BMWP ， EPT R(F)Fish ： F-IBI; A: A-IBI

FloodplainWater quality: EC, BOD5, CODCr, NH3-N, TN, TPMacroinverts ： SR ， BMWP ， EPT R(F)Fish ： F-IBI; A: A-IBI

Indicators selected

*(p<0.05)

Reference values and benchmarking

Concentration ，浓度

Freq.(# obs.) ，监测频率 All sites – all years ，所有点，所有年

95th %’ile50th %’ile

Single site ， – report year ，单点，报告年

80th %’ile

Reference sites – all years ，参考点，所有年

0 (worst case) ，最差

1 (reference) ，参考点

Standard to achieve values

Convert all values to common scale to allow comparison 转化所有结果使其成具有可比性

Compare values against: 结果比较- other sites in study; other studies 与其他点进行比较，与其他研究结果进行比较- national standards; international standards 国家标准，国际标准

Reporting on river health

Objectives framework (from YRCC)目标框架（来自水利部黄河水利委员会）

“Healthy Indicators of the Yellow River”

• Flow continuity 河流连续性• Channel configuration for water and sediment

transportation 水和沉积物流动通道的容量• Water quality standard 河水质量标准• River ecosystem 河流生态系统• Water supply capacity 河水供应容量

Hydrology 水文学

Geomorphology 地貌学

Water quality 水质Ecology生态Social-economic

社会经济

“The 4 Nos” 四不准• No embankment breaching 水不漫堤• No river running dry 无河流干涸• No water pollution beyond standard 无超出标准的水体污染• No river bed rising further 无河床上升

河流健康的报告卡

Hydrology and stream health

• Index of flow heath – based on e-flows assessment

• Index of flow deviation – based on deviation from natural flow regime

Index of Flow Deviation

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

Mo

nth

ly f

low

(m

3

106)

50th percentile in reference period

25th percentile in reference period

Year 1999/2000

Persistently low (PLF)and persistentlyvery low (PVL)

Persistentlyhigh (PHF)

High f low season volumegreatly reduced (HFV)

Low f low season volumegreatly reduced (LFV)

Seasonality altered (SFS)

Lowest monthly f lowgreatly reduced

from reference (LMF)

Highest monthly f lowmoderately reducedfrom reference (HMF)

Example output

• Score for each year• Sub-indicators show which parts of flow regime unhealthy• Sensitive mainly to regulation and also to natural variation

– As for biological indicators

“Flow Health” software tool

Overview

1. Introduction to the project

2. Environmental flows assessment

3. River health assessment

4. Summary of findings and recommendations

River health assessments

1. Importance of objectives-based approach to assessment

2. Indicators need to be tested for local relevance: against disturbance and/or objectives

3. Maximise use of existing data

4. In the first instance, establish consistent approach to data collection

– importance of quality control/quality assurance

5. It is not necessary to use the same indicators to compare across sites

6. Classification of river types is important to support establishment of suitable reference conditions

Environmental flows

1. Importance of objectives-based approach

2. Value of holistic method of assessment: consistent with concept of scientific development

3. Adapt the method to suit the situation

– Acknowledge the value of healthy rivers

4. Recognise that e-flows are central to the water allocation process

– Make informed decisions when allocating water allocation

– Establish allocation and management measures to support e-flows

Further information

www.watercentre.org

• Technical reports• Summary documents• Detailed case-studies• Report cards• Training materials• FlowHealth software tool

Thank you!