- 1. Semiconductor Electronic Circuits CHO, Yong Heui
2. Electronic Circuits1. SemiconductorThe world is changingWere
in one of those great historicalperiods that occur every 200 to 300
yearswhen people dont understand the worldanymore, when the past is
not sufficient toexplain the future.-Peter DruckerEM Wave Lab 3.
Electronic Circuits1. Semiconductor - EM Wave Lab 4. Electronic
Circuits1. SemiconductorThree waves The First Wave (10,000 ~ 3,000
B.C.)Agricultural RevolutionStone->Bronze->Steel ToolsThe
Second Wave(~200 yrs ago) Industrial Revolution Steel Tools The
Third Wave Information Revolution Silicon ToolsEM Wave Lab 5.
Electronic Circuits1. SemiconductorSemiconductor , , , / ( ) ( ) ,
EM Wave Lab 6. Electronic Circuits1. SemiconductorEarly Discovery
In 1874, Ferdinand Braun, a German scientist, discovered that
crystals could conduct current in one direction under certain
conditions. This phenomenon is called rectification. In 1895, the
Italian Gugielmo Marconi first showed a new technology invented by
Nikola Tesla through radio signals. This was the beginning of
wireless communication. Crystal detectors were used in radio
receivers. It is able to separate the carrier wave from the part of
the signal carrying the information. EM Wave Lab 7. Electronic
Circuits1. SemiconductorVacuum tube In 1904, John Ambrose Fleming,
an English physicist, devised the first practical electron tube
known as the "Fleming Valve. In the early 1910s, he ameliorated the
reception of these signals by building up his research on the
"Edison Effect" (dark particles smudge the inside of glass light
bulbs as current flows through one direction), Fleming attached a
light bulb outfitted with two electrodes to a receiving system. In
it, electrons flew from the negatively charged cathode to the
positively charged anode. As the current within the tube was moving
from negative to positive, the weak incoming signal were rectified
into detectable direct current. EM Wave Lab 8. Electronic
Circuits1. SemiconductorAudion In 1906, Lee de Forest, an American
scientist, added a third electrode (called a grid) to the electron
tube, which is now called a triode. This is a network of small
wires around the vacuum tube cathode . Thus, the amplifying vacuum
tube, the most recent ancestor of the transistor, was born.
Although solid-state technology overwhelmingly dominates todays
world of electronics, vacuum tubes are holding out in two small but
vibrant areas. They do so for entirely different reasons. Microwave
technology relies on tubes for their power- handling capability at
high frequencies ["Tubes: still vital after all these years,"
Robert S. Symons, IEEE Spectrum, April, 1998]. The other area--the
creation and reproduction of music-- is a more complicated and
controversial story.EM Wave Lab 9. Electronic Circuits1.
SemiconductorENIAC The University of Pennsylvanias ENIAC computer,
due to its incorporation of thousands of vacuum tubes (18,000
vacuum tubes), filled several large rooms and consumed enough power
to light ten homes. The vacuum tubes cathode required a good amount
of heat in order to boil out electrons and often burned out. Also,
the actual glass tube was fragile and bulky.EM Wave Lab 10.
Electronic Circuits1. SemiconductorFirst transistor1947 1st
transistorAT&T Bell Lab1st commercially available TRRaytheon
CK703, 1948 3 inventors (John Bardeen,Walter Brattain, and William
Shockley) sharedNobel prize1st commercially successful TRRaytheon
CK722, 1953Ge-based pnp low power TR EM Wave Lab 11. Electronic
Circuits1. SemiconductorBipolar transistor Point contact
transistor: Bardeen & Brattain Junction transistor: ShockleyEM
Wave Lab 12. Electronic Circuits1. SemiconductorFirst IC Integrated
Circuit (IC): a large number of individual components (transistors,
resistors, capacitors, etc.) fabricated side by side on a common
substrate and wired together to perform a particular circuit
function. 1958, Jack Kilby, Texas InstrumentA part of news release:
October 19, 1961The aeronautical Systems Division, U.S. Air Force,
and Texas Instruments Incorporated, Dallas, Texas, today
demonstratedin operation a microminiature digital computer
utilizing semiconductor networks. The advanced experimental
equipmenthas a total volume of only 6.3 cubic inches and weighs
only 10 ounces. It provides the identical electrical functions of
acomputer using conventional components which is 150 times its size
and 48 times its weight and which also wasdemonstrated for purposes
of comparison. It uses 587 digital circuits (Solid Circuit(tm)
semiconductor networks) eachformed within a minute bar of silicon
material. The larger computer uses 8500 conventional components and
has a volumeof 1000 cubic inches and weight of 480 ounces.
Application of semiconductor networks will give equipments
higherreliability than can be achieved presently from conventional
components. The improvement will be realized because theintegrated
structure of the networks minimizes connections and eliminates the
individual packaging required forconventional components. In
addition, the network is formed by relatively few process steps,
allowing a high degree ofcontrol, and uses only very high purity
material for its fabrication.EM Wave Lab 13. Electronic Circuits1.
SemiconductorIntel 4004 microprocessor19712,300
transistors92.6KHzPMOS3 mm X 4 mm15V DC EM Wave Lab 14. Electronic
Circuits1. SemiconductorPentium IV 42 million transistors 0.18
micron 1.5 GHz Comparison to 4004: If automobile speed had
increased similarly over the same period, you could now drive from
San Francisco to New York in about 13 seconds.EM Wave Lab 15.
Electronic Circuits1. SemiconductorMoores law Gordon Moore: a
co-founder of Intel# of devices Component counts per unit areaSSI
(Small scale1 ~ 100doubles every two years . I C) MSI (Medium 102 ~
103scale I C)LSI (Large scale 103 ~ 105 I C) VLSI (Very Large105 ~
106scale I C) Feature size reduction enables ULSI (Ultra Large 106
~ 109 the increase of complexity.scale I C)GSI (Giga scale 109
~integration) RLSI (Ridiculously Next to GSI Large scale I C) ?EM
Wave Lab 16. Electronic Circuits1. SemiconductorHistory of IC Intel
Pentium 4 processors 3.2 GHz 0.13 m technologyTransistor counts:
over 54 million transistors IBM announced in June, 2001 that it has
created the worlds fastest silicon-based transistor, and that it
expects the new technology to drive communications chips to the
astonishing speed of 100 gigahertz within two years. IBM said its
approach uses a combination of silicon and germanium to make
ultra-thin transistors that can speed along information far faster,
while using far less power, than current technology. Company
researchers said it can reach speeds of 210 GHz while using just
one milliamp of electrical current. EM Wave Lab 17. Electronic
Circuits1. SemiconductorHistory of ICRed blood cell: 7.5 m Minimum
feature size (design rule): 4Gb DRAM => 0.13 m Intel Pentium IV,
3.2 GHz => 0.13 m Bacteria: ~ 0.1 mEM Wave Lab 18. Electronic
Circuits1. SemiconductorGate length Present technology EM Wave Lab
19. Frequency Scaling 20. Electronic Circuits1. Semiconductor The
smaller sizeEarlyLatergeneration generation~ 2 inch16 Mb DRAM 16 Mb
DRAM80~100 m Early 1960s IC Paper clip and0.18 m lines4 TRs and
several resistors 16 Mb DRAMin 64 Mb DRAMand human hair EM Wave Lab
21. Electronic Circuits1. SemiconductorThe larger wafer 2 dia. 12
dia. 12 pizza# ofProductiondies cost Wafer sizeWafer sizeEM Wave
Lab 22. Electronic Circuits1. SemiconductorDollars Electronics
market~ $ 1.2 trillionIC sales (annual worldwide) approximately $
345 billion (In 2003) exponential increase with time over the past
3 decades cost for electronic function exponentially
decreasesPersonal computers 100 ~ 200 millions sold So, what does
it mean to me?Yeah, there are plenty of high salary jobs !!!! FYI:
Avg. starting salary for EE graduates $ 50,000 (Dec. 2000)Little
bit shaky last two yearsEM Wave Lab 23. Electronic Circuits1.
SemiconductorSemiconductor technology ( ) ( , , , ) ( , ) ( , , ,
)EM Wave Lab 24. Electronic Circuits. Electronic devices Passive
devices Lumped element: R, L, CResistor Inductor Capacitor
Distributed element: transmission line Coaxial line EM Wave Lab 25.
Electronic Circuits. Electronic devices Active devices Diode FET
TransistorIC EM Wave Lab 26. Electronic Circuits3. Industrial trend
: , KETIEM Wave Lab 27. Electronic Circuits3. Industrial trend IT :
IT , IITA EM Wave Lab 28. Electronic Circuits3. Industrial trend IT
: IT , IITA EM Wave Lab 29. Electronic Circuits3. Industrial trend
IT : IT , IITA EM Wave Lab 30. Electronic Circuits3. Industrial
trend 20 : , KETIEM Wave Lab 31. Electronic Circuits3. Industrial
trend 26 : , KETIEM Wave Lab
