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CELSA / M2 CTC - 02/28/2012 Mélanie FOURRE et Sandrine MILCENT
INTRODUCTION
Calypso : Sea, Sex or …Song ?
Sea ?
Sex ?
Or Song ?
CALYPSO Programme
An european social tourism study to reduce minorities exclusion:
3 years programme (2009-2011 +)
An explorative approach
1 million € annual budget
21 participating countries
Contents :
Introduction
I - What is « Social Tourism » ? – Definitions
II - France, a good illustration of Social Tourism initiatives – History
– Main stakeholders : public & private
III - The french case in Calypso study – Objectives
– Targets
Conclusion: – France’s position in Calypso study
– Q&A session
What is social tourism?
Definitions:
1/ From the ‘beneficiaries’ point of view Hunzicker, 1951
« The relationships and phenomena in the field of tourism resulting from participation in travel by economically weak or otherwise disavantaged elements in society »
What is social tourism?
2/ From ‘reciprocity’ point of view,
a researchers’definition (2007, 2009) by Lynn Minnaert, Robert Maitland, Graham Miller (the « 3M’s »):
« Tourism with an added moral value on which the
primary aim is to benefit either the host or the visitor in the tourism exchange. »
What is social tourism?
3/ The European Commission synthezised these 2 definitions:
– A specific attention to the most underprivileged sectors of the population (cf Hunziger)
– The respect of the value of sustainability, accessibility and solidarity (cf the 3 M’s »)
+ Presence of stakeholders = public, private institution, company, trader union, association…
These 3 conditions have to be met together
Social tourism: the ‘French Touch’
Social policy belongs to the French DNA
• 1936: Front populaire established ‘Annual Paid Leave ‘
holidays became ‘a right for all’
• 1998 : Law against exclusions: ‘holiday for all’
• 2005 : Law ‘equality of rights and chances’ ( disabled people)
French tourism overview 1st destination in the world !
• 6.5% of GDP
• 2 M. jobs in tourism industry
• 80 M. foreign tourists / year
• 91% Europe
• Main tourism hotspots:
30% Paris-IDF Historic heritage + Disneyland
14% PACA French Riviera
8% Rhône Alpes Ski resorts
French Social Tourism
Public players
French State = main actor
– Ministry of Economy, Industry and Employment (ANCV)
– Ministry of Youth and Sports
– Ministry of National Education
– Ministry of Social Affairs and Family (CAF, VACAF)
French Social Tourism
Others Players
• Charitable associations
• Healthcare plans and pension funds
• Works-councils
• Trade-unions
UNAT = social tourism associations groupment
Specific social help in France
• Specific accomodation (‘Youth hostels’, camp sites…)
• Discounted prices by tourism & leisure sites
• Discount cards with the national railway company, SNCF
French ‘Holiday Vouchers’
• 1982
• 7.5 M. french travellers (2009)
• Worth 1.3 billion € (2009)
• Network of 160 000 tourism-related businesses
• New law (2009) : extension for companies < 50 employees
What is the CALYPSO Programme for ?
Calypso Programme objectives
• To generate economic activity and growth across Europe
• To reduce tourism seasonality
• To create more and better jobs in the tourism sector
Economic objectives > an exclusive ‘right’ perspective (‘Tourism for all’)
Calypso Programme objectives
At European level:
• To promote cooperation and partnerships
• To encourage local, regional and international development
• To strenghten European Citizenship
Calypso’s main actions
Focus on:
• best practices encouraging tourism activity in low season
• existing measures supporting exchanges of people belonging to the 4 target groups
• difficulties related to these exchanges
Calypso’s target groups
1. Young people (18-30 years),
2. Families with difficulties,
3. Seniors (over 65) and retired,
4. Disabled Adults
1 - Young people
• 6.5 M. in France
• 18-25 years = 10% French population (18-30 years = 20% European population)
• Wide range of situations diversity of social situations diversity of actions from ANCV, work councils, city twinnings
• The most open to travel abroad
• Focus on autonomy and a good value for money
• 59 % of the stays during peak-season
Holidays’ help for young people
Projects encouraging youth to go on holidays
• Organizations
– OFAJ (French-German office for youth), 320 young Germans and French in 2009
– European ‘twinning programmes’ between towns or regions
• Financial supports
– SNCF Work councils: free transportation + 200€
– « Parcours Vacances »: 180 € in holidays vouchers (ANCV)
– « Sac à dos » Programme
The « Sac à dos » Programme
• By Vacances Ouvertes (NGO) since 1994
• A kit to travel + 100 € + 30 € holiday vouchers
• 90% of the participants in 2008 wouldn’t have traveled without it
• 1st independant holidays: for over 50% of the beneficiaries
• In 2009 over 4200 young people
• Extension to the Europe
2– Families with difficulties
– 6,7 M. people accessing to family benefits
– 1,7 M. people = single parent
– 1 M. people R.M.I.
strong family constraints
very sensitive to price
2 – Families with difficulties Holidays’preference
Where ? Seaside destination (lake or swimming pool)
Accommodations ?
–Family and friends
–Hotels and Holidays resorts (‘VVF’ / specific Label ‘Loisirs de
France’)
–Camp Sites (for large families)
When ? Official holidays period (Peak season : July and August)
2 – Families with difficulties
Favourate Activities :
– 20 % Cultural
– 5% Bicycle
– 4 % recreational parks
– 20 % no particular activities
2 – Families with difficulties
French stakeholders :
– ‘Caisses d’allocations familiales’ (CAF) at local level
– ‘Vacances et familles’ : associations helping families
– ‘VACAF’ : main public support
– Work councils and Trade-unions (Holidays abroad )
3 - Seniors
• 13.2 million (over 60)
• 21.5% of French population
• Expected to represent +25% in 2025
= highest market potential target group
• Constraints: accessibility, financial (low pension), fear to leave home, health
Seniors
• on-season with family in a secondary residence or location
• off-season for little excursions or longer trips without families
• younger seniors: exploration to closest European destinations
• Preference: seaside
« Seniors en vacances » programme
• National programme initiated by UNAT in 2004 and developped by ANCV in 2007
• Services adapted to their specific needs :
– Comfort of facilites
– Health centre nearby
– Leader for activites and excursions
– Diet menus
« Seniors en vacances »
programme • 3 aims
– To bring wellness to low income and isolated seniors over 60
– To create a social link
– To develop tourism economy strenghtening the low season
• 2 actions – Access to discounted holidays
– An extra financial support
« Seniors en vacances » programme
• Interest for the EU
– Promoting the tourism in the low season
• To improve
– To have local representation to inform about the programme
– To create partnerships with structures in contact with the target
4 - Disabled adults
( no reliable statistics)
• 1,8 M. people between 15 and 64
• 5,7 M. people living with health or disability pbs :
– 1,7 M. vision impaired
– 5 M. hearing impaired
– 850 000 physical handicap
– 1 M. mental handicap
4 - Disabled adults :
Public helps:
No specific funding concerning holidays
only
National label ‘Tourism and Handicap’ (1997)
+ Label ‘Handi-Vacances’ (announced)
Commercial partner:
‘APF Evasion’
4 – Disabled Adults
– 1 or 2 weeks (50 % > 2 weeks)
– 2/3 of stay = in France
– 1st destination = Seaside
– Traditional holiday periods, especially summer
– Lower participation :
Financial constraints (need of an accompanying person)
Lack of autonomy
Pbs of accessibility
Pbs of adaptation of traditional tourism products and activities
CONCLUSION
France: Calypso’s good student?
Strenghts to highlight:
– Multitude of successful social initiatives
strong tradition of supporting families & seniors
– Different kinds of destinations and attractions
– Tradition of welcoming foreign people
– Good level of services
– Labels visibility for international customers
France: Calypso’s good student?
Weaknesses to improve:
– Insufficient disabled adults holidays funding
– Reduced experience in bilateral exchanges
– Lack of identification (web portal) and organization of the stakeholders
– Stigmatization of beneficiaries’ ‘social’ image
– Obsolescence of the structures comfort
France: Aims for the future
• Optimization of existing holiday funding mechanisms
• Solutions for refurbishment of accommodation facilities and modernization of management
• Creation of an Information Center on social tourism + visibility, + efficient
Hervé Novelli, oct 2009
What could be upscaled to Europe?
• Holiday vouchers (already France, Hungary, Italy and Romania): ‘Pan-European voucher system’
• French ‘Sac à dos programme’: already upscaled, lessons learnt for next step?
• Labels: credibility and visibility to be improved?
What should be improved in Europe ?
• Development of off-season tourism
Support to transnational European tourism
• Adjusting supply to the 4 target groups from ‘specialised’ to ‘mainstream’
Willing to go on holiday as everyone
Combination of social & economic ’win wins’
Calypso: over ambitious programme?
• Various perceptions of holidays as a ‘right’ or a ‘desert’ • Lack of homogeneous european criteria in target groups (low
income, age, degree of disability…)
Unability to develop a global/top-down european social tourism policy
Calypso: ambitious yet realistic
Development of synergies between EU countries Set up a web-based Calypso platform to meet supply and
demand
Long live Calypso!
Thanks for listening !