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Bhipe3310T ,n.eTaJIH Bh!KpOHKH.

OpnrrycKH Ha lllBhi peKoMeH,n.yiOTC5I cJJe,n.yiOlll.He:

Ha CIIHHKe H IIOJIOl.JK3X- ITO cpe3y ropJIOBHHhl 0,7 CJlt,

no cpe3aM npoi1Mhi 1,5 eM, no 6oKOBhiM 11 nJJet.JeBbiM

cpe3aM 2 CM, ITO cpe3aM 6opTOB 0,7 CM, ITO T3JIHH

3 eM; Ha pyKasax - no oKaTy 1,5 eM, no cpe3aM wsa

2 eM H no Hll3Y 0,7 eM; H3 MeJJKHX ,n.eTaJJ5IX (BOpOT-

HilKe, M3H)I{eTaX, KJianaHaX, XJI5ICTHK3X li 06Tat.J

K3X) -no BCeM cpe3aM 0,7 eM ; H3 KapMaHaX Ha

KJl3,ll.HhiX-CO CTOpOHbl H3CTp3LIHB3HH5I 1- 1,5 eM ; Ha I06Ke - ITO cpe3aM CT3l.JHB3Hll5I IIOJIOTHHlll. I06KH

1 eM, Ha no,n.nr6 HH33 rrp5IMOH I06KH- 6-8 eM, pac

KJiellleHHOH I06KH 3-4 eM, ITO cpe3y T3JIHH 3 eM. Ha ,n.eTaJI5IX BbiKpoifKH rrposo,n.HT JJHHHH, rroKa 3 bi

saiOW:Me HarrpasJieHHe .n.oneBbiX HHTeif, MecTo pacno

JJO)I{eHH5I K3pM3HOB, CKJJ3,ll.OK, BhiTat.JeK, H3.ll,Ce

t.JeK :11 .up. Ecnn rroJih30BaThCH BbiKpoifKoif 6e3 rrpHrrycKoB

Ha lllBhl, TO HX ytiHThiB310T H3 TK3Hli npli 06M eJI Ke

K3)1{.ll,OH ,n.eTaJIH.

B rrp:HJJO)I{eHHH I HY)I{HhiH qepTe)l{ nerKo HaHTH

DO HOMepy MO.ll,eJJH H li306pa)l{eHHIO ,ll.eTaJieH Ha •1111-

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H3.UeJIH5I. Ka)l{.uoif .ueTaJIH npHcsoeH orrpe.ueneHHhiH

HOMep. 3ToT HOMep B KPY)I{Ke HY)I{HO HCKaTh Ha t.Jep

Te)l{e H C Hero H3l.JHH3Th 06BO.ll,HTh .ll,eT3Jih.

KoHTYPhi .ueTaJJel'I H cooTBeTCTBYIOW:H e HM Bhi

KpoifKH BhiiiOJIHeHhl O.ll,HHMH ll TeMH )l{e yCJIOBHhiMH

JIHHH5IMH.

~aCa IV

Uo,LI.rOTOBKa TKauu K pacKpoiO XnontraTo6yMa)!(Hhie H JJhHHHhie TKaHH npH 6oJJb

moif H3MHTOeTH enerKa YBJJa)!(HHIOT H nporJJa)!(HBaiOT

DO ,!I_OJieBOMY HanpaBJieHI1IO e H3H3HKH.

TKaHH 113 HaTypaJJhHoro rneJJKa HJJI1 113 HeKyeeT

BeHHoro 'BOJIOKHa nporJJ3)!(HBaiOT e H3HaHKH Ten.Jih!M

YTIOfOM.

lllepeTHHhie H noJiyrnepeTHHhie TK3HH 3aBepTbl·

BaiOT B MOKpyiO, eJierKa OT)!(aTyiO npOeTh!HIO Ha 6-8 'laeOB, 3aTeM nporJia)!(HB3IOT e H3HaHKH B ,!I_OJieBOM

H3npaBJieHHI1 trepe3 eyxyro XJIOntraTo6yMa)!(HYIO TK3Hb.

IloeJie YTIO)!(KI1 HY*HO noeMoTpeTh, HeT JJH Ha

TKaHI1 ,u_brp, yToJIIUeHHhiX HI1Teif, mneH, eeJJH eeTh -

OTMeTHTb HX MeJJOM HJIH UBeTHOH HHTKOH, '-lT06hi npH

paeKJJ3,li_Ke Bh!KpOHKH H36e)!(aTb OTMetieHHhie Meera .

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TOpbie He 6y,u_yT BH,li_Hbl B fOTOBOM H3,!I_eJIHH (Ha IIO,!I_·

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H T. ,!~_.).

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HH paeKna,u_hrBaiOT Bee ,u_eraJJH BhiKpoiiwH. CHatiaJJa

o6hitiHO paeKna,u_hmaror KpynHbie ,u_eTaJIH: nepe,u_,

enHHKy, pyKasa. MeJIKHe ,u_eraJJH Kna,u_yr Me)!(,u_y

KpynHhiMH. EeJJH MeJJKHe ,u_eraJJH He yKna.rr.hmaroreH,

TO Kpyn'Hhle ,ll_eTaJJH pa3,!I_BHf310T no ,li_JIHHe TKa·HH .

06MeJJHIOT Bee pa3JJO)!(eHHb!e ,u_eTaJJH TOHKO OT·

TOtieHHb!M MeJJOM HJIH KyeOtiKOM eyxoro TyaJJeTHOfO

MhiJJa. Ha BbiKpoifKax MeeTa BhiTatieK, eKna,u_oK H

Ha,u_eetieK Bb!pe33IOT, tiT06b! y,u_06Hee 6b!JIO HX 06Me

JIHTb. Ha TKaHI1 HX He Bhipe3aiOT.

Y ,!I_06Hee paeKJJ a,!I_b!B3Tb ,u_eTaJJH Bb!KpOHKH Ha

TK3HI1, eJJOJI\eHHOH B,li_BOe no ,li_OJieBOMY HanpaBJJeHHIO.

l.JT06hi TKaHb He eKOJib3HJJa, ee eKaJib!BaiOT 6yJJaB

K3MH. EeJII1 enHHKa HJIH nepe,u_ UeJJhHhie, HX KJJa

,u_yT K enr6y TKaHH.

B Tex eJiyqaHx, Kor,u_a BhiKpoifKa He yKJia,ll_hiBa

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ypaBHHB35! 06e KpOMKH H o6pe3Hhle KOHUbl 1'K3HH.

PaeKJia,u_Ky a 3TOM enyqae HatiHHaiOT oT o6pe3HhlX

KOHUOB, YKJia,u_brBaH eHatiaJJa Bee napHhie ,u_eTaJJH: rro

JIOtiKH, pyKaBa, BOpOTHHK H T . ,!1_. 3aTeM Bh!KpOHKY enH'H·

Kl1 eKJJa,ll_hiBaiOT nonoJiaM H npoaepHIOT, yKna,u_brBaeTeH

JIH OHa Ha OeT3BllieHeH ,li_JIHHe TK3HH Iloe.11e 3TOfO

Bb!pe3aiOT napHbie ,ll_eTaJJH. 3aTeM OeTaTOK TKaHH

paenpaBJIHIOT, yKJia,ll_biBaror JJHUeBOH eTopoHoif BHH 3

H BhiKpawBaiOT enHHKY 11 ,u_pyrHe HenapHhie ,u_eraJIH.

EeJIH TKaHh e BopeoM, TO eHatiaJia Heo6xo,u_HMO

onpeneJIHTh HanpaBJieHHe Bopea H OTMeTHTh ero Ha

H3H3HKe TK3HH MeJIOM.

Bee sopeoBhie TKaHH, KpoMe seJibBeTa H 6ap x a

Ta, paeKp3HB3IOT T3K, L!T06hl BOpe B H3,ll_eJI<I.iH 6biJI

HanpaBJieH BHH3. B H3neJJHHx H3 seJihBera H 6ap

xara aope HanpaBJJeH BBepx. Bo Beex neTaJJHX H3ne

JII1H BOpe ,li_OJJ)!(eH 6b!Tb HanpaBJJeH B O,!I_HY eropoHy.

Ilp11 paeKpoe TKaHeii e pweyHKOM, paenono:x<er-r

HhiM B O,li_HOM HanpaBJJeHHI1, T3K)!(e H3,!1_0 eJJe,li_HTb 3 3

TeM, tiT06bi pHeyHoK Ha Beex ,u_eTaJIHX 6hiJJ Hanpac

JieH B O,!I_HY eropoHy, eBepxy BHH3 11JIH eHH3Y B~epx.

IlpH paeKJI3,li_Ke Bh!KpOHKI1 Ha TK3H5!X C pweyHKOM

B nonepetiHYIO IIOJIOeKy HJIH KJieTKY Hy)!(HO eJie,li_I!Tb

3a ei1MMeTpHtiHb!M paenOJJO)!(eHHeM p11eyHKa Ha .'le

T3JI5!X.

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TK3HH COOTBeTeTBOB3JIH ,!I_OJieBOMY HanpaBJieHHIO HH

TeH, yKa3aHHOMY Ha Bb!KpOHKe.

IloeJie TOfO KaK Bee ..'I.eTaJIH Cb!KpOHKH pa3JIO

)!(eHhl Ha TKaHH, yqreHbi npHnyeKH Ha UIBbi, npoBe

peHo KOJ!HlJeCTBO lleTaJJefl, TK3Hb pa3pe3aiOT IIO ~ICJIOBbiM JIHHHHM HO)!(HHU3MH.

llpnMepHa H3~enug u yyoqueuue BWHpo~uu

8biKpoi1KH, HMeiOlll,HecH B KHHre, c,a:eJiaHbi no pa·c-

4eTaM Ha ycJIOBHo-nponopUHOHaJibHY!O ,a:eTCKyiO cjm

rypy, a B ,a:eHCTBIHeJibHOCTH cjJHrypbl K3K B3pOCJibiX,

TaK H ,a:eTeH, HMe!OT OTKJIOHeHHH OT npHHHTbiX paC'-Ie

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Horo H3JJ:eJIHH MOlliHO 06HapylliHTb HeJJ:OCT3TKH. 06-

Hapy)!<eHHbie HeJJ:OCTaTKH HCnpaBJIHIOT, 13HOCHT TIO

npaBKH B Bb!KpOHKY H B ,a:aJibHei1rneM TIOJib3Y!OTC5I ero

JJ:JIH H3fOTOI3JieHH5I H3JJ:eJIH5I 6e3 npHMepKH.

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IIJ:Y!OCH Bb!KpOHKY pacKJiaJJ:biBa!OT H Bb!KpaHB3!0T ,a:e

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nporJiaJJ:HB ee . 3aTeM CMeTbiB3!0T BCe ,a:eT3JIH B T3KOH

nOCJieJJ:OBaTeJibHOCTH:

1. HaMeTbiBaiOT KapMaH Ha noJIOLJKy.

2. CMeTbiBaiOT nJieLJeBbie cpe3bi, pa3pe3aiOT c e pe-

JJ:HHY nepe,a:a Ha 15--20 CM. 3. BMeTbiBaiOT BopoTHHK B ropJIOBH'Hy.

4. CMeTbll3aiOT 6oKOBbie cpe3bi.

5. Co611paroT Ha pe3H'HKY HH3 npasoro pyKaBa

HJIH TipHMeTbiB310T K pyKaBy MaHllieTy.

6. BMeTbiBaiOT pyKaB B npaByro npoi1My.

3aTeM Ha,a:eBaiOT cMeTaHHoe H3,a:emre Ha p e 6eHKa,

33B5I3b!Ba!OT no T3JIHH TeCe MKOH IT BHHMaTeJibHO npo

BepH!OT rJiy6HljY , ~blpe3a ropJIOB.HHbl, JJ:JIHHY BOpOT

HHKa, ill11p11HY nJieLJa, WHpHHY nepe,a:a H CnHHKH, pac~

nOJIOllieHHe JIH'HHH T3Jilill, K3pMaHa 11 JI:JIHHY H3JJ:eJIHH.

HcnpasJieHue ue~ocTaTKOB H3)l.ennH, o6uapymeHHhiX 80 BpeMH npMMepHH

1. TsJHeT CTIHHKa HJIH CnHHKa nocepe,a:HHe in,a:ep

HyTa. HylliHO pacnopoTb nJieLJeBoi1 11 6oKoBoi1 lllBbi,

ycTaHOBHTb npaBHJibHO CTIHHKy, npHKOJIOB e e 6yJiaB

K3MH K 6eJibJO. J1HHHIO pocTKa HYlliHo yB e JIHLIHTb,

BhlTIYCK35I 3anac TK3HH TIO nJieLJeBOMY cpe3y CTIHHKH

6oJiblll e CO CTOp OHbl npOHMbl. Do TIJieLJeBOMY cpe3y

noJio<JKH CTOJibKO llie TKaHH y6paTb. H113 no,a:paBHHTb

(pi-le. 17, a). 2. Ha CmiHKe H3,a:eJJH5I OKOJIO npOHMbl oopa3yeTCSI

nonepelfH35I HJIH KOC35I CKJJa,a:Ka. l-IylliHO yseJIHLJHTb

noca,a:Ky ITO TIJieLJeBOMY cpe3y CITHHKH HJIH CJJ:eJiaTb

60Jiee rJiy6oKyiO BbiT3LJKy Ha CTIHHKe, 3anac TK3'HH

~' ~ "

=-~'------...1

Pile. 17. 11cnpaBJiel!ne HeAOCTaTKOB cnHHKH H3D.€JIHH

no npoi1Me C'nHHKH Ha CTOJibKO llie Bblf1 YCTHTb

(pH C. 17, 6). M ·oJKHO Ta'Kllie H3JIHlllKH TKaHH Ha cnHHKe 3a-

6paTb no nJieLJeBOMY cpe3y OKOJIO npOHMbl, Ha CTOJ!b

KO llie TIOJJ:HHTb 60KOBbie cpe':Jbi CnHHKH, yrJiy6HTb

npOHMY BHH3y, no,a:pe3a5I ee, H 13blpOBHHTb HH3

(pHC. 17, B). 3. Ha cnHHKe OKOJIO ropJJOBHHbl oopa3yeTCSI

CKJJa,a:Ka. HylliHO yrJiy6HTb Bbipe3 ropJIOBHHbi HJIH

BbiTIYCTHTb 3anac TKaHH no nJieLJeBbiM cpe3aM y rop-JIOBHHhl. .

Puc. 18. 11cnpaBJI€HHe HeAOCTaTKOB noJio'leK 113A€J111H

PHC. 6 . a<jJaHbi 7 <PapryKH-cap

PHc. 71 . Capa¢aHw

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XO,ZI.SIT o.zr.ua ua .zr.pyry10 (puc. 18, a). Hy.>Kuo pacno

poTb nJie<JeBbie lllBbl, npaBUJibHO yCTaHOBUTb nepe.U

(puc. 18, 6), BbiTIYCTUTb 3anac TK3HH no nJie<JeBbiM

cpe3aM nepe,Ua y ropJIOBUHbl H BHOBb CKOJIOTb nJie

l!eBbie cpe3bi.

5. noJIO'IKH paCXO]I.SITCSI (puc. 18, 8). Hy.>KHO pa

cnopOTb nJie<IeBbie lllBhi, 3a6paTb TKaHb no nneqesbiM

'cpe3aM y ropJIOBHHbl, Ha CTOJibKO .>Ke yrny6UTb Bblpe3

ropJIOBHHbl.

6. Bb1pe3 ropnoBHHbl Man. Heo6xo.uuMo ero yr ny-6uTb H Y.UJIHHHTb sopoTHHK.

7. 8btpe3 ropnoBUHbi sennK. Bo speMH npuMepKu

uy.>Kuo no ropnosuue npHKOJIOTb KycoqeK TKamr H ua

MeTUTb Ha HeM HOBYIO JJHHHIO ropJIOBHHbl, no KOTO

pOH YTO<IHHTb BbtKpoiflcy. A s H3.UeJIHH so speMH npu

MepKu uy.>Kuo pacnopoTb nJie<IeBhie H 6oKOBbie lliBhi,

nO,ZI.HHTb nOJIOl!KH BBepx, ycTaHOBHTb npaBHJibHO JJU

HUIO ropJIOBH'Hbl, OKOJIOTb, a 3aTeM CT3l!3Tb IIJielJeBhle

H 6oKoshre cpe3bi, cpe3aTb U3JIU11IKH TKaHu no ,nJie

'leBbiM cpe33'M U Cpe33M npOHM H nO,UpaBHHTb HH3 CnUHKH.

8. PyKas cnepe.zr.u B3,UepuyT. Hy}[<HO nepe.zr.siiHYTh

pyKaB B CTOpOHY nepe,Ua. TIOC3.UKY pyKaBa B 06JiaCTH

npOHMbl nepe,Ua nepe,UBIIHYTb BHII3 U pacnpe.UeJIUTb

no.u npoi1Moi.'t: • .UonesaH HUTb pyKasa .uon.>Kua 6biTb

KaK 6bi npo.uon.>KeuueM nnetiesoro lllBa.

9. PyKas c3a.zr.u B3~epuyT. Cne.uyeT pyKas nepe

MeCTIITh B CTOpOHY CTIHHKII.

10. PyKaB Teceu no rnsy BTattusauuSI. CJie.uyer

Bbipe3aTb HeMHOfO npOHMY II3,UeJIII51, CTOJibKO .IKe

cpe3aTb pyKas OT nepe.uueH: Ha.llice'-I'KH .uo lllsa py

11 . no OKaTy pyKaBa C3a,ZI.H o6pa3yiOTCSI KOCble

cKna.zr.Ku. PyKas cJie.zr.yeT no.UH·HTb, T. e. yseJIIIl!HTh

noca·.UKY pyKaBa Ha 3TOM 0Tpe3Ke. ll.JIH 3TOfO pyKaB

HY.IKHO paClllUpUTb, IICnOJib3YH 3anac TK3HU no lllBy.

12. Ha nepe.zr.ueu ttacTH pyKasa y npouMbi o6pa-

3YIOTCSJ nonepettubte cKJia.ll;KH. Hy.lKuo no.UHHTb nepe.u

HIO.IO l!3CTb pyKaBa U HeCKOJihKO yseJIUl!UTb nOCa.UKY

pyKasa cnepe.uii .uo nne'lesoro lllBa. Ecnu noTp~ 6yeTCH, paClllHpiiTh pyKaB 33 Cl!eT 3anaca TKaHU.

BbiHpanoauue OTJiomnbiX sopoTHHHOB u o6Taqeu

0TJIO:>KHOH BOpOTHUK JJI060H lf>opMbl MO}[(HO Bbi

KpOUTh no Bb!KpOHKe CaMOfO U3)1.eJJHH.

Ha BbiKpoi1Ke ,II3,UeJIIUSJ uaueceHbi JIUHUH rpy .LI.II

H JIHHHH T3JIUU. ¢opMy, ,UJIIIHy, llliipiiHY BOpOTHIIKa

U ero nOJIO.>KeHife no OTHOllleHifiO K JIHHUHM nJiel!a,

rpy.zr.n H T3JIUU onpe,UeJIHIOT no pucyHKY MO,UeJIH ua rJia3.

HanpuMep, KpyrJibiH OTJIO}[(HOH sopoTHUK ua pu

cyuKe 33HHM3eT TpeTbiO lJ3CTh nJielJa, KOHIJ.hl KpyrJibie

H CJierKa paCXO,UHTCH. 4T06b! Ha'lepTHTb Bb!KpOHKY

T3KOfO BOpOTHHKa, 6epyT •Bh!KpOHKH nepe,Ua II CniiHKII;

COe,UI11·151IOT HX no nJie<JeBh!M cpe3aM H npHK3JlhlB3IOT

K JIHCTY 6yMarH (pH C. 19, a). 06BO,USIT JIHHHIO ropJIO

BHHbl nepe,Ua U CnHHKH pe3U.OM. 3TO 6y,UeT ropJIO

BHHa BOpOTHIIKa. TiapaJIJieJibHO JIIIHHH ropJIOBHHhl Bbi

TIOJIHHIOT OT pyKu JIHHHIO OTJieTa sopoTHHKa, 3aTeM

Bbi<Iepi.JnsaiOT KOIIU.bl sopoTHIIKa.

Eme npHMep, MaTpoccKHH sopoTHHK. KoHU.hi so

poTHH·Ka cnepe.uii pacnoJIO):[(e'Hhi HH.>Ke npoi1:Mhi, 6oKosaH JIHHHH BOpOTHHKa npHM351, C33,UH BOpOTHHK pac

TIOJIO.>KeH I.JYTh Bhillle npoi1:Mbl. KaK n s npnMepe Bbillle

JIHHHlO ropJIOBHHhl H OCT3JibHble JIHHHH MaTpOCCKOfO

BOpOTHHKa (pHC. 19, 6) Bhl<Iepl!HB3IOT no BbiKpOHKe

nepe,Ua H CnHHKH H3,UeJIH51.

Tio.UKpOHHbie o6Ta'IKH, He06XO,UHMble ,UJISl o6pa-

60TKH ropJIOBHHbl H npOHI'd H3,UeJUI51, Bb!KpaHBaiOT T3K

:>Ke, KaK H sopoTHHKH, no ropnos~-:~:ue H npoi1:Me nepe.u.a

H CTIHHKH H3,UeJIH51 (pHC. 19, 8). TipH pacKpOe 06Ta

lJeK Hy.>KHO COXpaHSlTb paCTIOJIO.>KeHHe ,UOJieBOH HHTH

T3KOe .IKe, K3K Ha OCHOBHbiX ,UeT3JI51X.

l.!T06hl Bb!KpOHTb BOpOTHHK C 6onee Bb!COKOH

CTOHKOif, uy.>K·uo nJiel!eBhie cpe3bT no JIHHHH npoifMbi

33JIO):[(HTb Ha 1,5 C.M. JlHHH!O cepe,UHHbl BOpOTHHK3

nposo.uHT qepe3 .use TOI.JKH, pacrroJio.>KeHHble Ha pac

CTOHHHH I C.M OT cepe.UH'Hbl CnHHKH U JIHHUU pOCTKa

(pHC 19,c).

2 E. VI. fyCTona 17

PHc: 19. BhiKpaHBaHHe OTJJO)KHbiX BopontHh.OB a o6ra

'!eK ropJJOBHHhl

Pfi<OMfHAVfMblf (n0(05bl 05PAEOTI<H AfTAAfH

B ~nofi rJJaBe .u.aHa nocJJe.li.OBaTeJJbHOCTh o6pa-

6oTKH or.u.eJJhHhiX .u.e raJJeH H3JJ.eJJHH, cnoco6hi coe.u.H

HeHHH JJ.eTaJJeH H3.ll.eJJHH, a TaKMe OC06eHHOCTH TeX-

HOJJOrHH nOillHBa .U.eTCKHX H3JJ.eJJHH pa3JJH'-IHOrO ITO

06pa60TKa UOHCa M 6peTe~eH Ecm! nOHC COCTOHT H3 .li.BYX qacTeH, HX CTaLJHBa!OT

IllBOM lliHpHHOH 0,7 CM . llioB pacnpaBJJHIOT, paCKJJa

.lJ.hiBaH Ha JJ.Be CTOpOHhl, HJJH pa3yTJO)KHBa!OT.

00HC HJJH 6peTeJJH CKJJa.ll.hiBa!OT no .li.JJHHe JJHUe

BOH cropoHofi BHYTPh H o6raqHBaJOT IllBOM 0,7 c.u,

OCTaBJJHH C O.li.HOrO KOHUa HJJH nocepeJJ.HHe OTBepCTH e

.li.JJH BhiBepTbiBaHHH. lliBhl B yrOJJKaX o6pe3aiOT, 06-

TaqHOH Kpafi BbiDpaBJJHIOT H BhiMeTbJBa!OT. fOTOBhiH

nOHC HJJH 6peTeJJH npHyTIOMHBaJOT.

06pa60TKa BOpOTHMKOB 0TJIO}I{Hble BOpOTHHKH. 0TJJO)!{Hhle BOpOTHHKH

(pHC. 20) JJJ060H cpOpMbl o6pa6aTb!Ba!OT O.li.HHaKOBO.

BopoTHHK cKJJaJJ.hiBaJOT c no.uBopOTHHKOM JJHUe

BhiMH CTOpOHaMH BHyTpb, ypaBHHBaiOT KpaH, CMeThl-

CTOpOHhl nO.li.BOpOTHHKa Ha paCCTOHHHH 0,5-0,6 CM

OT KpaH, o6pa3yH KaHT rnHpHHOH 0,1 c.u (p11c. 21, 6). fOTOBhiH BOpOTHHK npHyTJO}I{HBaiOT CO CTOpOHbl nOJJ.

BOpOTHHKa.

PHc. 20. 0TJJO}I{Hble BopoTHHKH

Ba!OT JJ.eTaJJH, npOKJJaJJ.hiBaH CTeMKH Ha paCCTOHHHH

0,6 CM OT Kpa.H H nocaMHBaH BOpOTHHK B yrJJaX

(pH C. 21, a). 3aTeM BOpOTHHK o6raqHBa!OT CO CTO

pOHbl TIO.li.BOpOTHHKa, IllBhl B yrJJaX no.u.pe3a!OT, OCTaB

.HHH 0,2-0,3 eM. BopoTHHK BhiBeprhiBaJOT Ha JII-IUe

BYIO CTOpOHy, BbmpaBJJHIOT KpaH, BbiMeThiBa!OT CO

BopoTHHK c OT)I.eJIKou. Ha BopoTHHK cHaqaJJa Ha

cTpaqHBaJOT KpyMeBO HJJH TeCbMY C He60JJblliOH rro

ca.U.KOH HJJH BbiDOJJH.HIOT BhllliHBKY Ha BepxHeM BO

pOTHHKe, 3aTeM JJ.eTaJIH BOpOTHHKa COe.li.HHHIOT TaK

}l{e, KaK .u.eTaJJH o6hiKHOBeHHoro sopoTHHKa . CMeThi

BaJOT H o6raqHBa!OT BOpOTHHK no OTJJeTy, KOHUaM

H crofiKe. Ha cepe.zume croiiKH ocTaBJIHIOT ornepcTHe

.li.JIHHOH 2-3 C.M .li.JI51 BbiBepTbiB3HH51, 33TeM 3TO OT

BepCTHe 33lllHB310T noTaHHblMH IlO.li.IllHBO"'HblMH

CTe:>KKaMH.

----------

PHc. 21. 06pa6oTKa sopoTil'HKos: a- CMeTbiB3BHe BOPOTHHKa H nOABOpOTHUKa; 6 - DblMeTblBaHHe Kpaea BOpOTHHKa; 8- o6pa60TK3 KP351 MaTpOCCKOrO BO

POTHHK3 6e3 flOAKn3AKH

MaTpoccKnif sopoTHHK. Ero o6pa6aThiBaiOT Ha

rtO,iJ.KJI3JJ.Ke (B rnepCT51HblX HJIH IlleJIKOBbiX H3JJ.eJIH51X)

HJIH 6e3 nOJJ.KJI3.1J.KH (B H3JJ.eJIH51X H3 XJIOI1"13T06yMa:>K

HOH TKaHH). Dpe:>K.n:.e scero, B TOM H .n:.pyroM cJiy"!aHx

H3Me"'310T Kp351 BOpOTHHKa B rOTOBOM BHJJ.e, 33TeM

JI HHHH H3CTp3"1HB3HH51 OTJJ.eJIKH (cyTa:>Ka, TeCbMbl,

6eHKH J1 T. 11.). JlHHHH H3HOC51T MeJIOM CO CTOpOHbl

H3H3HKH, a 33TeM no 3THM JIHHlHIM npOKJI3.ll.biB310T

HaMeTO"!Hbie CTe:>KKH. Do HaMe"'eHHbiM JIHHH51M C JIH

I.J,eBOH cTopoHhi HacTpatmsaiOT OTJJ.eJIKy. EcJIH sopoT

HHK Ha nOJJ.KJ13.li.Ke, TO Bepx BOpOTHHKa H nOJJ.KJ13.li.KY

CKJI3.1J.b!B310T JJHI.J,eBblMH CTOpOH3MH BHyTpb, COBMe

lll.351 cepeJJ.HHy, CMeTbiB310T, CJierKa nOC3:>KHB351 Bepx

HHH BOpOTHHK, H CT3"1HB310T CO CTOpOHbl nOJJ.KJ13.li.KH.

EcJIH sopoTHHK cbeMHhiH, ero cTal!HBaiOT co scex

CTOpOH, . OCT3BJI5151 OTBepCTHe .li.JIHHOH 5-6 C.M .li.Jl51

BhiBepTbiBaHHH. Do.n:.pe3aroT rnBhi sopoTHHKa s yrJiax,

He 33TparHB3H CTpO"'KH, 110 JIHHHH rOpJIOBHHbl B 3-4 MeCT3X JJ.eJia!OT H3.li.Cel!KH, l!T06bi IllOB CT3l!HB3HH51 He

CTHrHBaJI Kpaii nocJie BbiBepTbiBaHHH sopoTHHKa. Bo

poTHHK BbiBepTbiB3IOT H3 miUeByiO ·CTOpOHy, Bbll1pa·s

Jl5110T wos, BhiMeThiBaiOT no K·paiO. Do.n:.KJia.n:.Ky so

poTHHKa CO •CTOpOHbl H3H3HKH npHKpenJIHIOT Bpy"''HYIO

110T3HHbl'MH CTe:>KK3MH K IllBY H3'CTpa"'HB3HH51 OT

ll,eJIKH nepsoro pH.ll,a .

EcJIH sopoTHHK 6e3 noli,KJiali,KH no KpaiO ocras

JIHIOT npanycK Ha trro.n:.rH6 2,5-3,5 c.M. KpaH: sopoT-

HHKa no.n:.m6aiOT KpyroM Ha 0,5 c.u H 3aMeTbiBarot.

YrJihi soporHHKa cpe3aiOT (pHc. 21, 8), cTaqHsaiO.'r

H BbiBepTblB310T. 3aTeM H3CTp3"1HB310T nO.li,OrHyTble

KpaH Ha paCCT051HHH 0,1-0,2 C.M OT Kpa51 CO CTOpOHbl

H3H3HKH. C JlHI.J,eBOH CTOpOHbl HaCTpaqHB310T cyTaLK

HJIH TeCbMy, 33Kpb1B351 e10 CTpOtiKY H3CTp3"1HB3HH51

IlO.li,OrHyTbiX KpaeB.

MaTpoccKHH sopoTHHK 6e3 no.n:.Kna.n:.Kn c ~BeTHOH 6eHKOH. ,UJI51 6eHKH HCnOJlb3YIOT OTJJ.eJIO"'HYIO TKaH'b

I.J,BeTHYIO, B KJieTKY HJIH B noJiocKy. Bbrpe3a!OT Tpti

nOJIOCKH TK3HH. ,Use nOJIOCKH .li.JIHHOH, paBHOH .li.JIHHe

60KOBbiX CTOpOH BOpOTHHK3 ' TIJIIOC 4,5 C.M, a O.li.HY __:_

.li.JIHHOH, paBHOH .li.JIHHe HH:>KHero KpaH ' BOpOTHHKa

IIJIIOc ·1 ,5 c.M. illHpHHa noJiodm 5-6 c.M. KpaH uo'

JI·ocoK IIO.ll.rH6aiOT Ha 0,5 C.M, K3:>K.li.YIO noJIOCKY CKJia'

.ll.biB310T s.n:.soe 11 KOHI.J,bi cTalltrilaiOT (pJ.ic. 22, a). Bhr;

sepTbiBaiOT 6eHKH Ha JlHI.J,el3yro CTOpOHy, npHyTIO:>KH1-

B310T H nposepHIOT pOBHOCT'b Kpaes. Bee ' tpH · 6el1Ki1

JJ.OJI:>KHbi 6hiTb O.li.HHaKOBhiMH no ruHpHHe. DpHnycK

sopoTHHKa Ha moB paseH 0,7 c.M. YrJibi sopoTHHKa

BbiCeKa!OT C .li.BYX CTOpOH Ha 0,7 C.M (pH C. 22, 6). 'BHyTpb 6eHKH BKJl3.ll.biB310T Kpaif BOpOTHHKa;

6eifKy npHMeThiB310T, 33XB3Tb!B351 o6a ~pa51 O.li.HO

BpeMeHHO. TaK :>Ke npHMeTbiBaJOT 6eiiKH no 6oKOBbiM

j /--· ·.

a 8 PHc. 22. 06pa6oTKa MaTpoccKoro sopOTHHKa .6e3 no.nKJJaJJ.KH

c UBeTHOH 6eHKOH

cTopoHaM. YrJihi sopoTHHKa ocTaiOTCH •OTKpbiTbiMH.

3aTeM CTpO;I3T 6eHKH Ha paCCT051HHH 0;1-0,2 C.M OT

KpaH, o.n:.HospeMeHHO 3axsaTb!BaH o6a Kpa.H 6eiiKH. Co CTOpOHbl H3H3HKH BOpOTHHKa 6eJ1Ky B yrJiax CKpen

JIHIOT PY"!Hb!MH CTe:>KK3MH. no JIHHHH C0P)lHHeHHSJ

BOpOTHHKa C 6eHKOH H3CTp3"1HB310T TeChMY (pHC.

22, 8).

06pa60TKa KapMaHOB

HAKJIA.li.HbiE KAPMAHbl

l(apMaH c no.n:.ru6oM o6pe3HbiX Kpaes (pHc. 23, a).

BepxHHH cpe3 KapMaHa no.n:.m6a10r s cTopoHy H3-

HaHKH Ha 0,5-0,7 C.M H 33CTpaqHB310T, paCIIOJiaraH

CTpO"'KY Ha paCCT051HHH 0,2 C.M OT cm6a. 3aTeM Bepx

HHH Kpaif KapMaHa nepem6aiOT Ha JIHI.J,eByiO CTOpOHY

Ha lllHpHHY IlO.ll.rH6a H CT3"1HB310T yrJibl no HaMe"!eH

HOH JIHHHH. YrJihi BhJBepTbiBaiOT H BhlnpaBJIHIOT. Bo-

KOBble H HH:>KHHe Kp351 KapMaHa noJJ.rH0310T no Ha·

Me"'eHHOH JIHHHH H 3aMeThiBaiOT. EcJIH TKaHb ruepcTH

HaH, no.n:.omyThie KpaH npHyTIO:>KHBaiOT. BepxHHH

IIOJJ.OrHyTblH Kpaif npHKpenJIHIOT K KapMaHy B .li.BYX

Tpex MeCTaX HJIH 33CTpaqHB310T.

l(apMaH c o6Ta'IKOH. KpaH KapMaHa MO:>KHO o6pa-

6oTaTb O.li.HHapHoii HJIH .n:.soH:HoH: o6TatrKoH:. Ecmt

BepXHHH Kpai1 o6pa6aTbiB310T 0.1J.HH3pHOH o6raq

KOH, TO ee BHyTpeHHHH o6pe3HOH Kpaif IIOJJ.rH63IOT

·fla!13H3HKY Hq 0,5,--0,7 cAt 11 .qacrpaiiHBaiOT, pacnoJJa

.• raH CTpOl-IK.Y(. Ha l paCCT051HI111 0,1-0,2 CM OT cr116a .

. ECJIH Kpai1 o,6pa6aTbiB3IOT ,[LBOHHOH o6ta4KOH, TO o6-

. T,3l.!KY J;Iep~rH9aiOT B,[LqJib nocepe~HHe 113H3HKOC!

.. BHyTpb 11 3ayTIO)!{HB310T.

, , 50KOBbie 11 HH)KHHH KpaH KapMaHa nO,[Lfl16aiOT

H3H3H3HKy, 3aMeTb!B310T 11 npHyTIO)KHB3IOT. 3aTeM

, 06TaLJKY HaKJia,[Lb!BaiOT Ha BepXHHH cpe3 KapMaHa

JIHUeBbiMI1 cropoHaMH BHYTP.b cr116oM BHH3. BoKOBhie

,KpaH 06Tal.!KI1 3a,TeM no,[!.pe3aiOT Ha 0,5-0,7 C.M., 4T0-

6bi He 6biJIO yroJIIUei-11151 rnaa. Bepx1-111i1 Kpai1 ypaBHH

BaiOT, np11MeThiBaiOT o6TaLJKy, np11T3LJI1B3IOT ll!BOM

ll!Hp11HOH 0,7 CM, O,[LHOBpeMeHHO CT3411B351 60KOBble

CTOpOHbl o6Tal!,KH no JIHHHH nO,[LrH6a KapMaHa, 33TeM

06Ta4KY BbiBepTbiBaiOT, KapMaH 3aMeTblB3IOT KpyroM

no JI11HI111 rro,[Lm6a 11 np11yTIO)!{HBaiOT. B 113ll.eJII15!X 113

wepCT51HbiX TKaHeH HI1)KHI1H KpaH o6TaLJKH npHKpen-

1JI5!IOT norai1:HhiMH noll.ll!HBOLJHhiMH cTe)KKaMH. B H3JJ.e-

- - , t

PRe. 23. 06pa6oTKa HaKJia.nHoro KapMaHa: a- c noJlrH60M o6pe3HbiX Kpaes; 6- c o6TaqKoll

J111HX 113 ¥JIOTILJ3T06yMa)!{HblX TKaHeH HH)!{HHH KpaH

06TalJKH npHT3lJHB310T Ha M3ll!HHe.

KapMaH c 6eiiKOH HJIH KaHTOM o6pa6ar.~>ma!OT B OCHOBHOM TaK )Ke, KaK 11 npe,[!.bl,[!.Ylll.HH KapMaH, HO

CO CTOpOHbi H3H3HKH npHMeTb!B3IOT 6ei1Ky (KOCYIO no

JIOCKY TK3HI1, CJIO)!{eHHYIO nonoJiaM H 33YTIO)KeHHYIO).

EcJII1 KapMaH 3aKpyrJieHHoi1 cpopMbi, TO KOHUbi 6eeK

saKJiall.hiBaiOT BHYTPh Ha l CM 11 npHMeThiBaiOT, Bbi

nycKaH 113-110}1, KapMaHa 6eHKY ~I.IJH K3HT. 3aTeM Ha

CTp34HB310T. Crpol!KY pacnoJiaraiOT Ha paccroHHI111

0,2 C.M. OT Kp351 KapMaHa. 0JJ.HOBpeMeHHO npHT3lJI1-

BaiOT 6ei1Ky HJIH KaHT. Ecm-1 KapMaH npSIMoi1, To Ha

yr:nax 6eim:y aaKJiall.hiBaiOT a B11ll.e npHMoro yrJia

(p11C. 23, 6). HacTpa'IHBaHHe KapMaHOB Ha H3.U.eJIHe. roTOBbltl

H3KJI3ll.ij0H KSpMaH 113H3HKOH HaKJI3ll.hlB3IOT Ha JIH

ueayiO cropoHy H3ll.eJIHH no HaMel!eHHhiM TOlJKaM,

npHMeThiBaiOT 11 HacrpatJHBaiOT. B 3aBHCHMOCTH or

cpacoHa KapMaH H3CTp3LJ.HB3IOT OJJ.HOH HJI.H JJ.BYM51

CTp04Ka MH HJIH np.Hll!HB3IOT K .H3)J,eJIHIO Bpy4HYIO

TIOTaHHbiMH CTe)!{K3MI1.

nPOPE3HhlE KAPMAHhl

npope3Hbie KapMaHbl BbiTIOJIHHIOT Ha )J,eTCKHX

hJI3Tb51X, Ky'pTK3X H TI3JlbTO 113 lllepCT51HbiX HJIH nJIOT

Hbl.X XJion\riJ.To6yl\1a)!{HbiX TKaHeH.

J1HHI1H pa3pe3a KapMaHa MO)!{eT 6b!Tb ropH30H

T3JibHOH., ~·HaK.n'dHHoi1 HJIH aepTHKaJJbHOH.

' KapMaH B paMKy. illHpHHa pa.MKI1 3aBHCI1T or

TOJI~lUibf TK3HH .H OT MO)J,eJIH H3)J,eJII151 . .LJ.JI51 o6pa-

6orKH raKoro KapMaHa Bbipe3aiOT JJ.Be ll.OJieBbie no

JIOCKH TK3HI1 )J,JIHHOH, paBHOH ,[LJI11He KapMaHa nJIIOC 4 CM, ll1Hp11HOH 4-5 C.M.. 0,[1.!11-1 Kpai1 HH)!{HeH 06TaLJKH

JJ.OJI)KeH 6biTh c KpOMKOH. Bb1pe3aiOT Mell!KOBtiHy Kap

MaHa ll!Hp11HOH, paBHOH ,[LJIHHe o6Ta<!KH, )J,JII1HOH

10-12 C.M.. Ha JIHUeaoii cropoHe 113JJ.eJII15! MeJIOM HJIH

HaMeTOlJHbiMH CTe)!{K3MH HaMeLJaiOT JII1HHIO pa3pe3a

KapMaHa. KoHUhi pa3peaa OTMetiaiOT nonepel!HhiM!:i

JIHH!:i51Ml:i (p11C. 24, a). napaJIJieJibHO JIHHHI1 pa3pe3a

KapMaHa BBepxy 11 BHH3Y npOBO)J,HT ell!e no )J,Be JII1-

HHI1 Ha paCCT051'HI1H O)J,Ha OT JJ.pyroH 0,5 C.M.. 06T34'KH J H 2 (p11C. ~4, 6, 8) CKJI3,[Lb!B3IOT no )J,JUIHe no•noJiaM,

aayriOmHBaiOT crn6bi, o6ralJKU yKJia,[LhiBaiOT cra6aMH K Hapy)KHbiM JII1HHHM, np!:iMeTbiB310T H np11T3lJHB310T

no BTopoii JII1HHH or pa3pe3a. Crpo4'KI1 3aKaHlJHBaiOT

y nonepel!HWX JIHHI1H KapMaHa H 33KpenJI5110T ,[LBOH·

HOH o6paTHOH crpo4Koi1. Orm6aiOT o6ral.!KI1, pa3~ pe3aiOT JJ.eTaJib no JIHHRH KapMaHa, HalJHHaH or cepe·

,[1.11!-lbl B o6e CTOpOHbl, He JJ.Ope3aH }1,0 KOHUa l ,5 C.M..

B KOHUax paape3a KapMaHa JJ.e.n'a!OT Ha,[LcetJKH B BHJJ.e

rpeyrOJibHHKa, He )J,OXOJJ.51 }1,0 CTpO'lKH Ha 0,1-0,2 C.M..

BbmeprhiBaiOT o6tal.!Kl:i Hal:i3HaHKy, orrn6a10r pacce~ l.!eHHbie TpeyrOJibH!:iK!:i B CTOpOHbl 11 33KpenJIHIOT HX. BbinpaBJI5IIOi c JI11UeBoi1 cropoHbl paMKy. Cm6hl o6~ TatJeK coeAHH5IIOT Memll.y co6oi1 tiepe3 Kpai1: JJ.BOHHbiM

06MeTOlJHblM ll!BOM H npHyTIO)!{HB310T C l:i::tHaHKH.

~----------~ ---------------------------------------

J ~ L---------.JI

PRe. 24. 06pa6oTKa npope3Jioro KapMaHa s paMKY

C JIHUeBOH CTOpOHbi B lllOB np11T3'lJHB8Hl:iH 06TalJeK

CTp043T KapMaH llleJIKOBbfMI1 HI1TK3MH B UBeT TK3'HH

H3JJ.eJII1H. BepxHIOIO tJaCTh MemKOBifHhi 3 np11TalJH

aaiOT K HI1)!{Hei1 06TalJ.Ke JJ.BYMH CTp04K3MI1, H3KJI3-

,[Lb!B351 Oll.I1H cpe3 Ha JJ.pyro.H. HH)!{HIOIO Mell!KOBimy 4 ll.JIH H3ll.eJII1H 113 XJiontJa

ro6yMa)KHOi1 TK3HH Bblpe33IOT H3 TKaHH Bepxa )J,JIHH

Hee aepx1-1et'1 Mell!KOBHHhi Ha 5 C.M.. B 3TOM cJiyqae

KapMaH o6pa6aThiBaiOT 6e3 non.3opa ('non.3op- no

JIOcKa OCHOBHOH TK31-IM, KOTopy!O H3CTpa4HB310T Ha

MelllKOBI1HY Ha ypOBHe pa3pe3a KapMaHa). LlJIH H3,[LeJIHH 113 wepcTHHbiX TKaHeH Bbipe3aiOT

nO)J,30p )J,JIHHOH, paBHOH li.JI11He o6Ta~KH. HnmHIOIO Mell!KOBHHY 4 c non3opoM HJII1 6e3 noJJ.-

3opa np11T3lJHB3IOT K lllBY npHT3LIHB3HHH BepxHefr

o6ra4KH, ypaBHHBa51 cpe3bl. 3areM pacnpaBJIHIOT pac

cetJeHHhie yrOJIKI1, BbiTipaBJIHIOT 06TalJKH, 33KpenJIHIOT

KOHUbl 11 CT34HB310T Mell!KOBI1HY C Tpex CTOpOH. illBbl

06MeTbiB310T.

EcJIH cornacHo MO)J.eJIR rrpoKJia.UhiBaiOT rro JIHUe

soii CTOpOHe IIOJIO'-IKH OT)J.eJIO'-IHYIO CTpO'-IKy, TO Melll

KOBHHY MO)!{HO .uenaTh O.URHapHyiO. Ha JIRUeBoii cro

poHe IIOJIO'-IKH MeJIOM H3Me'-I3!0T JIRHR!O KapMaHa,

rrpRMeTb!B3!0T ITO 3TOH JlRHRH MelllKOBI:!Hy, paCIIOJIO

)!{eHHY!O C H3H3HKH, R CTp043T llleJIKOBbiMH HHTK3MH

C JIHUeBOH CTOPOHbl.

KapMaH c JIHCTOlJKOM. JlHHHIO pa3pe3a KapMai-Ia

HaMelJa!OT CO CTOpOHbi R3H3HKH )J.eTaJIH KapaH)J.3lllOM

RJIH MeJIOM. 3aTeM rrpOKJl3.ll.blB3!0T HaMeTO'-IHbie

CTe)!{KH ITO 3TOH JlHHRR. ,llJIRHa pa3pe3a KapMaHa

10-!0,5 CM. illRpRHa JIRCT04KH 2,5-3 CM.

Co cropoHhi R3HaHKR rrpRMeThiBaiOT .uonesy10 rro

nocKy XJJOII43T06yMa)!{HOH TK3HH IIIHpRHOH 5 CM,

.UJIHHoii, paBHOH paMKe KapMaHa rrJIIOc 4 CM. Cepe

.URHY TIOJIOCKR COBMeW:a!OT C cepe)J.RHOH paMKR Kap

MaHa, H3JlRllleK IIOJIOCKR B )J.JIRHY pacrroJiaraiOT TIO

pOBHY C o60RX KOHUOB.

B H3.UeJIH5IX R3 nerKRX xnorr'-Iaro6yMa)!{HhiX H

lllTarreJihHhiX TKaHeH MelllKOBRHY Bh!KpaRB3!0T BMeCTe

C JIHCT04KOH R3 TK3HR Bepxa )J.JIHHOH 15 CM, lllRpHHOH

!2 CM. JlRCT04KY OTrH6aiOT H3H3HKOH BBepx Ha lllR

pHHY 3 eM. Ta,Koro )!{e pa3Mepa .u.oJJeByiO nonocKy

TK3HR )J.JlH IIpO'-IHOCTH H3KJl3)J.b!B3!0T Ha JIHCT04KY H

rrpHMeTh!BaiOT. Cra4HBaiOT 6oKOBhie cpe3hi JJHCT04KH

lllBOM lllHpHHoi1: 0,7 CM BMeCTe C rrpQKJJ3)J.KOH

(pHc. 25, a). BhiCeKaiOT yroJIKH H 'BhiBepTh!BaiOT JIH

CTO'-IKY Ha JIHUeByiO CTopoHy, BbiiTpaBJI5l!OT H IIpRyTIO

)!{HBa!OT. 0TMe4a!OT JIHHHIO npHT3'-IHB3HH5l JIRCT04KR.

HaKJia)J.hiBaiOr JIRCT04KY Ha H3)J.eJIHe JIHUeBhiMH cro

poHa.MH BHYTPh MelllKOBHHOH BBepx H rrpHTa4HBaiOT,

COBMeW:35l JIRHH!O rrpHT34HB3HH5l JIHCTO'-IKR C HH)!{HeH

JJHHHeH paMKR KapMaHa (pRe. 25, 6). Orm6a10r rnos

rrpHT3'-IHB3HH5l, pa3yTIO)!{HB3!0T Ha )J.Be CTOpOHbl, Ha

MeThiB3IOT o6pe3HOH KpaH HHR<HeH MelllKOBRHhl, ypaB·

HRBa5l ero C JIHHHeH rrpRT3'-IRBaHR5l JJRCT04KH, IIpR

MeTbiBa!OT l:i npHTa4RB3!0T HH)!{H!O!O MelllKOBHHy.

Crpo'-IKY BbiiiOJIHHIOT Kopo4e sepxHei1 JIHPHH paMKH

KapMaHa C o6eHX KOHUOB Ha 0,5 CM (pHC. 25, B). Pa3-

pe3a!OT IIOJJO'-IKY rrocepe.URHe paMKH, He .ll.OXO)J.SJ )1.0

KOHIIa CTp04KH Ha J CM, )J.aJJhllle pacceKa!OT TKaHb

F----·1

44lqe6oR

UIIOPOHa

P.Hc. 25. 06pa6oTKa npope3Horo KapMaHa c JIHCTO'IKO~J

rro <tJopMe rpeyroJibHHKa. BhiBepTb!BaiOT MernK_ommy

HaH3H3HKy, CKpeflJIH!OT yrJJbl. illofi UpHTa'-IHB3HH5I

HH)l<HeH MelllKOBHHbl HaCTpalfHBa!OT ITO Kpa!O. JlH

CTO'-IKY HaMeThiBaiOT Ha MernKoBHHY (pRe. 25, 2). Mern

KOBRHY c rpex cropoH cTattRBaiOr H upHKperrJIHIOT

6oKoBhie cropoHhi JIRCTO'IKH c H3HaHKH py4HbiMH rro

railHhiMH CTe)!{K3MR (pHC. 25, 8). C JlRUeBOH CTOpOHbl

3aKpeiiJI5l!OT yrJibi JIRCTO'-IKH.

OopaooTua HU3a pyuasos

PyKaB BHH3Y BhiTIOJIH5IIOT c 3acre)!{KO.ii RJJR 6e3 33CTe)!{KH.

3aCTe)!{KY pyKaBa MO)!{HO o6pa6oTaTb, OCTaBJI5l5l

33II3C TKaHH B lllBe pyKaBa HJIR OCTaBJJ5I5l HerrpRTa

'-IaHHOH qacrb HR)!{Hero cpe3a pyKaBa.

PyKasa c pa3pe3oM no rnsy (pRe. 26, a). OpR

pacKpoe, no HHilmeH: qacrR pyKasa Ha y'-IaCTKe .UJIR

Hoif B 6-7 CM OCTaBJI5l!OT IIpRIIYCK Ha o6pa6oTKY

pa3pe3a. OpHnycK orrR6aiOT B cropoHy R3HaHKR Ha

0,5 c.M, a 3aTeM ern:e pa3 Ha 0,5 c.M H rrpocrpaq·asaiOT.

3areM CT34RBa!OT lllOB pyKaBa, KOHeU lllBa

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pacceKaiOT no ¢opMe TpeyroJibHrrKa. BbmepTbiBaiOT

nJiaHKY B CTOpOHy YI3HaHKYI, BbmpaBJIHIOT, 3ayTIO)!{H

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3aMeTb1BalOT CKJia.li.Ol!KOM. DpHyTJO)!{HBaiOT pa3pe3

(puc. 34, a). DpHMETbiBaiOT c H3HaHKH TeCbMy-MoJI

HYIIO, COBMemaH cepe,li.HHY TeCbMbl C· KpaHMH pa3pe3a.

TecbMY MO)!{HO npuCTpol!YITb BMeCTe c nJiaHKOM c JIH

~eso11 cTopoHbi HJIH no.D.lllYITb pyl!HbiMH cTe)!{KaMH.

Hrr3 nJiaHKH 11 TeCbMbi cKpenJIHIOT pytJHOM cKpenKol1

C H3HaHKIH (pHC. 34, 6).

06TalJaHHble neTJIH MO)!{HO o6pa60TaTb O,li.HOM H

,D,BYMH o6Tal!KaMH. Mecro pacnoJio)!{eHHH neTeJib Ha

M el!aiOT Ha H3HaHKe ,ll.eTaJIH ,li,BYMH npO.li.OJibHhlMH H

,D,BYMH nonepel!HbiMH JIHHHHMYI. PaccTOHHHe Me)!{.li.Y

npO,li.OJibHbiMH JIHHHHMH paBHO lllHpHHe ,li,BYX KaHTOB.

Dorr epel!Hble JIHHHH onpe,D,eJIHlOT ,li.JIHHY neTJIH. ,UJIHHa

neTJIH paBHa ,D,HaMeTpy nyroBH~bl TIJIIOC 0,3 CM . Do

cepe,D,HHe Me)!{,D,y JIHHHHMH npOKJia,ll,b!BaiOT HaMeTOl!

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CTOpOHbl HBHaHKH ' no HaMel!eHHb!M JIHHHHM, C l!eT'bl

peX CTOpOH (pHC. 35, B).

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I I I I

1 I I I ~--...1

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11 BbiMeTbiBaroT. KoH~bi neTJIH 3aKpenJIHIOT .ll.BOJ1Hoi1

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KaK 6b!JIO CKa3aHO Bb!We, nHTbiO npOJI.O.'lbHbiMH H

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L ______ _j

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o6pa6oTKa aHaJiorH<JHa o6pa6oTKe neTeJib o.nHoii o6-

TalJKOM (pnc. 36, B, c).

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nO.D,rH6aJOT H nO.D,lliHBaJOT Bpy<IHYJO (pHC. 36, 0). fleTJIH H3 PYJIIiKa npnMeHHJOT B ocHOEHOM B

nJJaTbHX llJJH .uesoLJeK. 3aroTOBJJeHHbiH pyJJHKOBbiH

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npocrpatiHBa!OT MalliHHHOH CTp04KOH Ha pa·CC1'051HHH

0,5 eM OT KpaH (pHc. 37, a). HaKJJa.UhiBaJOT o6ra<JKy,

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a PHc. 37. n eTJJH H3 PYJJHKa

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saKpenJJHJOT n o6pesaJOT

(pnc. 38). fleTJIH H3 TKaHH Bbl

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noJiaM H sacTpa<IHBaiOT no

cm6aM (pnc. 39, a) . 3a-

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PHc. 38. 06M eTbiB aH He

neTeJJb

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PHC. 39. neTJJH H3 TKa<l H

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no.u6opra H o6TaY:HBaJOT 6opra.

Coe~uueuue nonoqeK co cnuuKou

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C COOTBeTCTBYJOlll.eH noca.D,KOH CITHHKH Ha CB060.D,HOe

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5 C.M no JIHHHH ropJIOBHHbl, noCa)KHBa!OT nOJIOtiKY,

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EcJIH H3JJ.eJine c OTBopoTaMn (JiauKaHaMn), noJJ.

sopoTHHK CKJJa)l.biBa!OT C H3)l.eJJHeM JIHUeBbiMH CTOpO

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C JJHUeBOH CTOpOHbl nepe)l.a HaMel!alOT JIHHHIO npHTa

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(pHC. 41, a) HJIH cpHrypHbltl (pHC. 41, 6, B).

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PHc. 90. Md.n:enH nnaTbea CHJIY3Ta Il PHc, 92. KocnoMbi CHJIY31'a IV

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nJJHCCHposanHaH HJm s CKJJBJlKy. PyKasa pa3JJHT.J

noro noKpOH, HO He nbiWHbie no JIHHHH npOHMbl.

l13JJ.eJIH5! TBKOfO CHJIY3TB (pH C. 91) nOJJ.XOJI.HT )lJIH

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a 6 Puc. 105. MoJJ.e.1 H nJiaTbeB c noD.pe3oM no JIHHHH rpyD.H

1/z5 E. 11. fycTDna 65

rrpH11YCKH Ha WBbl, c6opKH H 33CTeMKy, KaK ITOKa-

33HO Ha pHC. 104. J<oKeTKY 11JI3Tbll Bb!KpaHB3!0T nBOHHOH. ,LLeraJIH

KoKeTKH o6TaqJisaiOT, BhiBeprhiBaiOr, 11pHyriOMHBaror,

C3anH o6pa6arhiBa!OT 3acre:>KKy. HaMeTbiBaror KOKer

KY Ha I06Ky no HanceqKa'M H HacrpaqHBa!Or ee. 3a

reM 11pHMeTblB3!0T H 11pHraqlfB3lOT o6opKH.

flpH 110WHBe 11JI3Tbll CHaqaJia craqHB3!0T 60KOBb!e

cpe3hl, o6pa6aTblB3!0T o6raqKOH 11pOHMbl, 33TeM Bbl-

110JIHlllOT C60pKH HJIH CKJianKH.

Oco6eHHOCTH pacKpoH n nornnsa nnaTbSJ c nonpe-

30M no JIHHHH rpynn. Ha pHc. 105 nai-Ihi nse MoneJIH

rrJiarbeB c 11onpe3oM 110 JIHHHH rpynH c11epenH H c3anH. OnHo 11Jiarhe JierHee (pHc. 105, a) c rrpH

MoyroJihHbiM Bblpe30M ropJIOBHHbl C pyKaBaMH

a 6 Pac. 106. MoJJ.eJIH nnaTbeB c yiJ.JII!HeHHOH KOKeTKOI!

----------~~----------

. --· --. --· --· --· --· --. --·----·--~

I . z.

«<fJOHap11K», OT,UeJiaHO TecbMOH no ropJIOBI1He •11 KpaHM

pyKasos. KoKeTKa yKpaweHa annJI.J.IKaJJ.I1ei1 11JII1 Bbi

WI1BKOH. L(pyroe nJiaTbe (p11c. 105, 6) Te.TIJIOe 113

WepCTH'HOH T•KaHI1 11JII1 6yMa3el1 C OTJIO:tKHbiM BOpOT

HifKOM 113 OT,UeJIOqHOH TKaHI1. PyKaBa ,UJII1HHbie Ha

MaH:tKeTax. 3acTe:tKKa cnepe.u11 o6pa6oTaHa .UBYMH

rrJia'HKaMI1. OT,neJIKa- PYJII1'K 11 nyroBI1JJ.bi.

H11:tKe no.upe30B Ha TOM 11 .upyroM nJiaThe BbiiiOJI

HHJOT c6opK11 11JII1 CKJia.UK11. BbiKpoiiK11 nJiaTbeB 24-26 pa3Mepa .uaHbi B np11JIO:tKeHI111 I (JI11CT 2, MO

.n:eJih 2). Op11 now11se nJiaTbeB npe:tK,ne scero no Ha.uceq

KaM 3aKJia,Ub!Ba!OT 11 HaMeTbiBa!OT CKJia.li.KI1, 3aTeM

HX HaCTpaqi1Ba!OT, 3aKpeTIJI5!5l KOHJJ.bl CTpoqeK. 06pa-

6aTb!BaiOT 3acTe:tKKy.

Oco6eHHOCTH pacKpoSI " noumsa nJiaTbeB c Y.li.JIHHeHHoii KOKeTKoii no ocHOBHoii BbiKpoiiKe. Ha p11c.

I 06 .uaHbi .use Mo.n.eJII1 nJiaTbeB c y.li.JI11HeHHoli KOKeT

Koi1: O.li.HO C .ll.JI11HHbi1MI1 pyKaBaMI1 (p11C. 106, a) 11

,n:pyroe Jie'fiHee Hap5IJJ:HOe C KOpOTKI1MI1 pyKaBaMI1

(p11c. 106, 6). OJiaTbe B noJiooKy c .UJIHHHbiMI1 pyKa

BaMI1 Ha MaH:tKeTax, c npHMoyroJib'HbiM Bbipe3oM rop

JIOBI1Hbi. Op5IMOH HaKJia.n.Hoii KapMaH 113 O.li.HOTOHHoif

TKaHI1 )"KpaweH an'TIJIHKaJJ.I1eif 113 TKaHI1 nJiaTb5l.

l06Ka cJierKa co6paHa s c6opKy. 0T.n.eJiaHo nJiaTbe

6ei1Koi1 11 6aHTHKOM. CbeMHbiH sopoTHI1K BbiTIOJIHeH

113 O.li.HOTOHHOH OT,UeJioqHOH TKaHI1, Ka•K 11 KapMaH,

11 OT.ll.eJiaiV 6a'HTI1KOM 113 TKa'H11 TIJiaTb5l.

HapH.li.HOe JieTHee nJiaTbe IIIbJOT 113 TKaHI1 .n.syx

paCJJ.BeTOK, Bblpe3 ropJIOBI1Hbl Kpyr JlbiH, pyKaB «<fJO

Hap11K», I06Ky 3aKJia.ll.b!Ba!OT M5lfKI1MI1 CKJia.li.KaMI1,

KapMaH HaKJia.li.HOH. 0T.ll.eJibiBa!OT nJiaTbe BCTaBKOH

TpeyrOJibHI1KOM cnepe.ll.l1 11 KapMa'HOM 113 TKaH11 H ro

poweK, TeCbMOH 11 Kpy:tKeBOM.

06a nJI aTb5l Bb!Kpa11BaiOT no Bb!KpOHKaM, np11Be

.ll.eHHb!M Ha p11c . 107, 108 (eM. np11JIO:tKeHI1e II, JII1CT 2). H113 KoKeTKI1 Bbipe3aJOT no nyHKTHpHoli JII1HI111.

Op11 now11se nJiaTbes .n.eTaJII1 J06KI1 cTaq11sa10T,

nO,Uilli1Ba!OT Hl13 J06KI1, 3aTeM J060qKy 3aKJia,UbiBa!OT

M5lfK11MI1 CKJia.li.KaMI1 11JII1 Bb!IIOJI'H5IIOT Ha HeH c60p'KI1.

CnHHKa 11 nepe.n. nJiaTb5l 113 TKa'HI1 s noJIOCKY u.eJib

Hhie. 3acTe:tKKY pacnoJiaraJOT no.u sopoTHHKOM c Jie

soif CTOpOHhl H o6pa6aThiBa!OT O.li.HOH nJiaHKOH.

OT.ll.eJI'KY sopoTHHKa 11 amnJIHKaU.1110 Ha KapMaHax Bb!IIOJIH5IIOT sapaHee.

BhiKpoliKa sopoTHHKa noKa3aHa Ha pH c. 107 11

108 nyHKT11pHoli JIHHI1eli c ToqKoli. KoKeTKa nepe.n.a

JieTHero TIJiaThH TIOKa3aHa nyHKT11pHOH JIHHI1eH C

Kpy:tKKOM. Oco6euuocTH pacKp05I 11 nomHBa nJiaTbeB c u,eJib

HoKpoeHbiMU pyKaBaMu 11 y,n:Jiuueuuou KOKeTKOH. Ha

p11C. 109 .n.aHbl .li.Be MO.ll.eJII1 .r:IeTHI1X nJiaTbeB. Oepe,n

TOro H ,npyroro nJiaTb5l Hepa3pe3HOH, KOKeTKa npH

MaH. O,n:Ho nJiaTbe (p11c. 109, a) c sopoTHI1KOM 11 an

nJII1KaJJ.I1eli (p11c. 110), .n.pyroe (p11c. 109, 6) no npoiiMaM 11 ropJIOBI1He OT.ll.eJiaHO 6eifKOH 11 annJII1Ka

JJ.I1eH . 06a nJiaTh5l Wh!OT H3 TKaHI1 .n.syx pacu.seToK. 5e-

Jibi:ii: CbeMHbiH BOpOTHHK .UOIIOJIHeH BHH3Y 6aH-

TI1KOM. 'Bbi'KpOifKa JIH<fla C JJ.eJibHOKpOeHbiM11 KOpOTKI1M11

pyKaBaMI1 11 y.UJI11HeHHOH KoKeTKoii .uaHa Ha pHc. Ill, 112. Ha CnHHKe IIJiaTb5l (p11c. 109, 6) OCTaBJIHIOT rrp11-

nycK 4 eM Ha o6pa6oTKY 3acTe:tKKH. Pa3pe3 .UJIH 3a

CTe:tKKI1 rrepe.n.a nJiaTb5l (eM. p11c. 109, a) o6pa6aTbi-

saJOT .li.BYMH oi)TaqKaMH. BopoTHHK c 6ei1Koif np11CTe

r:I1BaJOT HJII1 npHMeThiBaJOT K ropJIOBI1He cni1HKI1. Bbi

KpoliKa BOpOTHI1Ka noKa3aHa Ha qepTe:tKe rryHKT11p

HOH JIHHI1eii. KoHTYPHhie JII1HHH anrrJII1KaJJ.I1H .n.aHhi Ha

KOKeTKe B HaTypaJibHYIO BeJII1qHHy.

a PHc. 109. Mo.n:eJia nJiaTheB c KopoTKHMH ueJihHOKpoeHbiMH

pyKaBaMH H YAJIHHeHHOH KOKeTKOH

PHc. 110. AnnJII!KaUHH

l06oqKI1 K Y.li.JIHHeHHhiM KoKeTKaM BbiKpa11BaJ01

B Bl1.ll.e np5!Mb!X IIOJIOTH11W: IIIHpHHOH 120-150 CM. Oo

.UJI11He rrp116aBJI5IIOT 3 CM Ha WOB rrp11Taqi1B8HH5l KO

KeTKH 11 6 CM Ha IIO.ll.rH6 HH3a.

H3.UEJIH51 CHJIY3TA 11

Oco6eHHOCTI1 pacKpoSI " nomusa nnaTbeB c no.u

pe30M no JIHHHH TaJIHH. Ha p11c. 113 H3o6pa:tKeHbi

rrJiaTbe-xaJiaT 11 .n.oMawHee nJiaThe .li.JIH .n.esoqK11 4-7 JieT.

----- -

'25 'lLJ

P11.:. 11~. Bb1KpoiiKa cniiHKH nJiaTbH c KopoTKl1•"11 u.eJibHOKpoeHbiMII pyKaBaMH 11 Y.li.JIHHeHHoil KOKerKou

6 1'!. H fyCTOaa ti9

DJiaTbe-XaJiaT {pHC. II3, a) lllb!OT 113 JierKH.X

XJIOnl!aTo6yMaMHbiX TKaHeii. BopoTHHK lllb!OT H.3 6e

JIOH TKaHH H OT)leJihiBa!OT 6eHKOH H3 TKaHH. nJiaTbH.

J06Ky OT no.u.pe3a 3aKJia)lbiBa!OT B MHfKH.e CKJia)l.KH,

pyKaBa BTaiJHbie KOpOTKHe.

Depe.u. nJiaTbH {pH.C. 1I3, 6) HeOTpe3HOH, 60KOBbie

)leTaJIH 106KH H. CTIHHKa DO JIHHIHi TaJIH.H. OTpe3Hbie,

co6paHhi Ha pesHHKy. nnaThe lllb!OT H3 <PnaHeJIH B

a 0 PHc. I 13. fJJJaTbe-xaJiaT H nJiaTbe c no.n.peaoM no JJH

HHII T3JIIIII

CnuHKa

flpunyclf Ha UJ6bt no 2CI'1

c..., I'=>

MeJIKYIO nonocKy. 3acTeMKa cnepe.u.H Ha .u.se rryro

BHUbi o6pa6oTaHa JI.BYMH nJiaHKaMH, KapMaHbl npH

Mbie HaKJia)l.Hbie, nOHC BTal!aH B CKJia)l.KH., OT)leJIKOH

CJIYMH.T 6eJiblH OTJIOMHOH CbeMHbiH BOpOTHHK H 6eJib!e nyroBH.Ubi.

BbiKpoiiKa JIH.tpa .U.JIH nJiaTbH-xanaTa 24 H 26 pa3-

Mepa .u.aHa Ha pHc. I07, I08, .ll.JIH 28- 30 pa3Mepa

B npHnoMeHHH. I (JIH.CT I, MC9.U.eJib 3, 6oKoBoii cp e3

nepe.u.a Bb!KpaH.Ba!OT ITO nyHKTHpHOH JI1HHHH 6e3 Bbi

TaiJKH; BbiKpoH:Ky cnepe.u.H y.u.nHHHIOT .u.o JIHHHH HH-

3a) . Do.u.pe3 no JIHHHH TaJIH.H )leJia!OT COfJiaCHO pHC. II4.

DpH nolliH.Be rrJiaTbH-xaJiaTa nepe.u. o6Tal!HBaiOT

rro.u.6opTaMH. H.JIH. npH.rrycKoM Ha rro.u.m6 . BbrKpoiiKa

6oJibllloro Kpyr noro BopoTHH.Ka .u.aH a Ha pH c. I 07, I08. CbeMHbiH Bopo1'HH.·K OTJI.eJiaH .U.BYMH Ha.:Tpoq

HhiMH 6efi,KaMH., a ropJIOBHHa 06Tal!aHa ~OCOH o6 -

Tal!KOH. MOMHO BOpOTHHK C)leJiaTb H 11pHillHBHbiM .

B 3TOM cnyqae BopoTHHK BTal!HBaiOT B ropnoBHHY

BMecTe c lfocoii 6eiiKoii. XaJiaT 3acTerHBaeTCH Ha

l!eTbrpe nyroBHUbi.

DpH nolliHBe rrJiaThH npeM.u.e Bcero o6pa6aTbi

BaiOT 3aCTeMKY cnepe)l.H .ll.BYMH nJiaHKaMH, 3 aTeM

npHTal!HBa!OT K nOJIOl!KaM 60KOBWe )leTaJIH 1060l!KH

H npHTal!HBa!OT I06o<IKy K cnHHKe. BTal!HBa!OT KOHeU

ITOHCa B CKJia)l.KH Ha nOJIOl!Ke y no.u.pe3a, CTal!HBa!OT

nJiel!eBWe H 60KOBWe cpe3W. fopJIOBHHY o6pa6aTWBa!OT 06Tal.JKOH.

OcooeHHOCTH pacKpOH H nornusa nnaTbes, oTpe3-

HbiX no TaJJHH, H KOCTIOMOB npSIMOfO TIOKpOSI. Ha

pH C. II5 ( CM. IJ,BeTHYIO BKJiefiKy) H306paMeHbl JieT

HHe nJiaTbSI )l.JIH )leBOl!eK H KOCTIOMbl )l.JISI MaJibl!HKOB.

KocTIOMhi (pHc. II5, a, 6) lllh!OT H3 xnorrqaTo6y

MaMHoii TKaHH. BbiKpoiiKa .U.JIH copotieK n:aHa B npH

JioMeHHH I (JIHCT 2, Mo.u.enb 4). BbiKpoifKa .U.JIH nnaTbH (pHc. II5, B) 28-30 pa3 -

Mepa HMeeTcH B npHJioMeHHH I (JIHCT I, Mo.u.enb 3), )l.JIH 24-26 pa3Mepa Ha pHC. I07, I08.

DJiaTbe {pHC. II5, z) H KOCTIOM {pHC. 115, 0) C pyKaBaMH noKpOH perJiaH Bh!KpaHBa!OT no Bb!KpOH

Ke, HMeiOllleH:cSI B npHJIOMeHHH I (JIHCT 2, Mo

.u.enb I). KocTIOMbi (pHc. II5, e, :JIG) BbiKpaHBaiOT no

BhiKpoi1Ke rrpHJIOMeHHH I ( •lHCT 1, MOJI.eJih 5) . PHcyHoK arrnJIHKaUHH eM. B npHJioMeH!m I I.

Bbi'KpoiiKa .U.JIH nJiaTheB (pHc. 11 5; 3 , u)

28-30 pa3Mepa .u.aHa B npHJIOMeHHH I (JIHCT I, MO)leJih 3).

H3JI.EJIIUI CHJIY3TA Ill

OcooeHHOCTH pacKpoH H nornusa nnaTbeB

H KOCTIOMOB npSIMOrO noKpOSI. Ha pHC. IJ6 ( CM.

IJ,BeTHYIO BKJiefiKy) H306paMeHbl MO)leJIH H31(e

JIHH npHMOfO noKpOH )l.JIH l(eBOl!eK 4-7 JJeT.

2ct 111":?1

nnaThH c uenbHOKpoeHhiMH KOpOTKHMH py

KaBaMH H 106KOH B CKJia)lKy HJIH C60p·KY noKa-

3aHbl Ha pHC. JI6, a, 6, B. 11x lllbiOT H3 XJIOn-

4aTo6yMaMHOH TKaHH, OT)leJihiBaiOT BbiOHl!HKOM

H annJIHKaUHeii. BbiKpoiiKa l(JlH TaKHX nnaTbeB

30 pa3Mepa .u.aHa B npHJioMeHHH I (JIHCT I, MO

n:eJih 4), n:nH 24-26 pa3MepoB Ha pHc . Ill, 112.

P11c. I 14. flo.n.roTOBKa BbiKpoiiKH nJiaTbH c no.n.peaaMII no JIIIHIIll TaJIHII

HapSI.llHhiH neTHHH KOCTIOM (pHc. 116, z)

lllb!OT H3 ITOJIOTHa. 8b!KpOHKa KOCTIOMa n:aHa

B rrpHnoMeHHH I (nHCT I, Mo.u.enb 3). BopoTHHK

6Jiy3hl cnep·e)J.H BbiiiOJIHeH, KaK MaTpOCC~HI{, C3a)J.H

npHMOH, OTJIO)KHOH. I\OHU.bl BOpOTHHKa Ha 6Jiy3e BTa

tiaHbl B no.n:pe3 nocepeJJ.HHe nepe.n:a. 0TJJ.eJiaH KOCTIOM

BCTaBKOH H3 TKaHH B nOJIOCKy, 6eiiKOH no BOpOTHHKY

H no HH3Y pyKasa H annmmau.Heii.

I\OCTIOM JieTHHH JJ.By6opTHhlH (pHC. 116, a) H3

XJIOntiaTo6yMa)KH0fO nOJIOTHa, nHKe HJIH TOHKOH ruep

CTH. 3acTe)KKa Ha tieThrpe nyroBHU.hi. 0TJJ.eJihiBaiOT

KOCTIOM TeCbMOH HJIH 6eiiKOH. l060tiKa Ha 6peTeJIHX

CO BCTpetiHb!MH CKJia)J.KaMH. JlJIH pacKpOH oJTOrO KO

CTIOMa HCnOJib3YIOT TY )Ke Bb!KpOiiKy, 'ITO H .ll:JIH npe

.ll:bi.D:ylll,ero nn aThH (JIHCT l, Mo.n:enb 3). BoKosoii cpe3

nepe,n:a Bb!KpaHBaiOT no nyHKTHpHOH JIHHHH 6e3 Bbl

TatiKH, y.n:nHHHH ero .n:o JIHHHH 6e.n:ep.

nnaTbe (pHc. 116, e) co BCTpetiHhiMH CKJia,n:KaMH

Ha I060tiKe, JIH<P nJiaTbH TOfO )Ke noKpOH, 'ITO H KO

CTIOM. BopOTHHK KpyrJih!H OTJIO)KHOH, pyKaBa BTal!

Hhie KopoTKHe, pa3pe3 nocepe,n:HHe nepe.n:a o6pa6o

TaH .D:BYMH IIJiaHKaMH HJIH npHITYCKOM Ha 3aCTe)KKy.

B o6e cTopoHhi OT ITJiaHKH 3acTpal!HBaiOT ITO 3 3a

lll,Hnhr, B O.D:HY H3 HHX BTa'-IHBaiOT Kpy)KeBO HJIH

WHTbe. HH3 nH<Pa cnepe.n:H oT.n:enhiBaiOT 6aHTOM.

l06Ka ITpHMaH, Ha HeH 33KJia.lJ:b!B310T WeCTb BCTpeq

Hb!X CKJia,n:oK. TKaHb xnonqaTo6yMa)KHaH, neTHHH, fJI3.D:KOKpallleHa51 HJIH C OtieHh MeJIKHM pH

cyHKOM.

BbrKpoiiKa .D:JIH ITJiaTbH ,n:aHa B npHJIO)KeHHH I (JIHCT l, Mo.n:enh 3). nonotiKH BhrKpaHBaiOT c npHny

CKOM Hi} 3aCTe)KKY 3,5 CM, Ha .D:Be 3alll,Hnhi 0,5 CM H

O.D:HY CKJia,n:Ky l CM. Bcero - 5 CM. 06pa6aTh!BaiOT 33CTe)KKy TaK: no,n:rH6aiOT B CTO

pOHY H3H3HKH CHa<raJia 0,7 CM , 3aTeM elll,e 2,8 CM H

cTpotiaT ITo" KpaiO. Ha paccTOHHHH 2 CM OT cTpOtiKH

,n:eJI3IOT .D:Be 3alll,Hnhi C paCCTOHHHeM Me)K,n:y HHMH

l CM. 3aTeM HaMeThiB,aiOT . Kpy)KeBO Ha paCCTOHHHH

l CM OT nOCJie,n:HeH 3alll,Hnhl. Ha lllOB, CO CTOpOHbl

Kpy)KeBa, OCT3BJIHIOT 0,3 CM H BT3'1HB310T Kpy)KeBO

B CKJia,n:OlfKY CO CTOpOHbl H3H3HKH. noJIOLJKH Bb!KpaH

BaiOT nocJie o6pa60TKH 3alll,Hn H 3aCTe)KKH.

Ha pHC. 117 H306pa)KeHhl KOCTIOM O.D:H060pTHbiH

H naJihTO .D:JI5l M3Jib'-IHKa.

nanhTO ,n:eMHce3oHHoe Ha no,n:Kna.n:Ke c OTJIO)KHhiM

BOpOTHHKOM (pHC. 117, a). I\apMaHbl C JfHCTO'IKOH.

C3a,n:H lllOB H X·JIHCTHK. no 6opTaM H HH3Y naJibTO

rrpoJIO)KeHa oT,n:eJIOtiHa51 cTpotiKa. neTJIH H3roTaBJIH

saiOT H3 TKaHH sepxa. nanhTO BhiKpaHBaiOT no Bhl

Kpoi'!Ke (eM. npHJIO)KeHHe I, JIHCT l, Mo,n:eJib l) 6e3

ITpHnycKa HJIH C ITpHnyCKOM Ha CKJI3.D:KY nocepe,n:HHe

CnHHKH.

0,n:H060pTHb!H KOCTIOM (pHC. 117, 6) lllb!OT H3

XJIOn'-laTo6yMa)KHOH Y.K3HH, C BTa'-!Hb!MH pyKaBaMH H

OWIO)KHbiM sopoTHLIKOM . I\ap•MaHhi HaKJia.D:Hhre. Ko

CTIOM Bb!KpaHB3IOT no OCHOBHOH Bb!KpOH•Ke (CM. npH

JIO)KeHHe I, JIHCT l, Mo,n:eJIH 2 H 5). Ha pHc. 118 H3o6pa)KeHhr neTHHe .n:sy6opTHhre KO

CTIOMhr .D:JI5l MaJib'-IHKa. 3TH KOCTIOMbl lllh!OT H3

XJIOIT'-IaTo6yMa)i<H0H HJIH JlbH5lHOH TKaHH, C 3aCTe)K

KOH Ha nyroBHU.hi. 0T.n:enaHhi KOCTIOMbr annJIHKau.Meii,

pHCYHOK KOTOpb!X ,n:aH B HaTypaJibHYIO BeJIHl!HHy.

I\ypTO'IKH 3THX KOCTIOMOB Bb!KpaHBaiOT no Bb!KpOHKe,

HMeiOmeiic51 s ITPHJIO)KeHHH I (JIHCT 2, Mo,n:enh 4). Bee KOCTIOMbl G pyKaBaMH perJiaH, H306pa)KeHHbJe

Ha pHC. 119, Bh!KpaHB3IOT ITO O.ll:HOH Bh!KpOHKe

(eM. npHJIO)KeHHe I, JIHCT 2, Mo.n:enl, l). · JleTHHe KOCTIOMbl C U.eJibHOKpOeHhi'MH KOpOTKHMH

a 6 PHC. 117. 0.UH060pT)!bie KOCTIOMbl AJI5! MaJ!b'li!Ka

pyKaBaMH ,n:aHbl Ha pHC. 120. J1x lllb!OT H3 ITOJIOTHa

HJIH nHKe. Py6arnKH c pa3pe30M crrepe.n:H oT.n:enaHhi

TeCbMOii, BhiWHBKOH HJIH cTpO'-IKOH. BpiOKH KopoTKHe

Ha 6peTeJI51X. BhrKpOHKH 3THX KOCTIOMOB 28-30 pa3-

Mepa HMeiOT.CH s ITPHJIO)KeHHH I (JIHCT 1, Mo.n:eJib 4); .D:JIH 24-26 pa3Mepa- Ha pHc. Ill H 112.

H31l,EJHUI CHJ1Y3TA IV

Ha pHc. 121, 122 H3o6pa*eHhi KOCTIOMhr ,n:JIH

MaJib'-IHKa. I\OCTIOM (pHC. 121, a) COCTOHT H3 .D:JIHH

Hb!X 6p!OK Ha 6peTeJI5lX H KOpOTKOH O.D:H060pTHOH

KYPTKH c 3acTe)KKOH-MOJIHHeii. I\apMaHbi Ha 6piOKax

H KypTKe npope3Hhle, IT05lC H MaH)KeTbi TpHKOTa)K

Hhie, BOpOTHHK OTJIO)KHOH.

Jlpyroii KOCTIOM (pHC. 121, 6) COCTOHT H3 .lJ:)KeM

ITepa H Kopor.KHX 6piO'K. MaH)KeTbr H HH3 .D:*eM~nepa oT.n:enaHbi TPHKOTa)KeM.

BbrKpoiiKH .n:aHbi B npHJIO)KeHHH I (.D:JI51 KYPTKH -

JIHCT l, MO,n:eJib 5, .ll:JI51 Op!OK- JII+CT 3, MO.D:eJib 2 H 3). I\ypTKa ITOKp051 perJiaH (pHC. J22,a) O.ll:H060pTHa51,

C BOpOTHHKOM CTOHKOH, OT.D:eJiaHa ITO HH3Y CTp04KOH

c npoKna.n:Koii H3 noponoHa. BopoTHHK H MaH)KeTbi

TaK)Ke OT.D:eJiaHhl CTpOtiKOH C npOKJI3.D:KOH H3 nopo

JIOHa.

I\OCTIOM )J.JI51 YJIHU.bl (pHC. 122, 6) COCTOHT H3

.ll:JIHHHbiX 6piOK H KYPTKH c 3aCTe)KKOH-MOJIHHeii. no

HH3Y Kyp1'KH sTa'-!aHa WHpoKa51 pe3HHKa. BhrKpoiiKa

.n:aHa B ITPHJIO)KeHHH I (JIHCT 4, Mo.n:enh I). Ee .n:e

naiOT ,n:nHHoii .n:o JIHHHH 6e.n:ep. BbrKpoiiKa t<arriOrnoH'a

HJIH wJieMa .n:aHa TaK*e s ITPHJIO)KeHHH I (nHCT 4, Mo,n:enh 5 11 6).

I?}JI!Miri?W Kir'll' IIOJIIOI.LJO}J XI'IH.L,dog,.{lllT lfir;JltOW '81 I 'Jlfd

, .. ::---

Pac. I 19. Mo.a.eJIH KOCTIOMOII c pyKasaMH noKpOll pei'JJall

a Puc. 121. KocTIOMbl AJHI MaJJb'IHKa

PHc. 120. Mo.!lemr JTermrx KOCTIOMos c Ko· pOTKHMH l.leJibHOKpOeHbiMII pyKaBa MH

a PHc. 122. l(ocTIOMhl .llJlll M aJibtJHKa

.llJIH )J,eTCKHX H3)1,eJIHH peKOMeH)J,yeTCH HC!lOJib30-

BaTb npOCTble, He Tpe6y!OUIHe 60JiblllOH 3aTpaTbl

speMeHH, BH)J,bl OT)J,eJIOK. .QJIH OT)J,eJIKH rrpHrO)J,Hbl

UBeTHbie HHTKH, TeCbMa, TKaHb HpKOfO UBeTa

MalllHHHaH cTpol.!Ka - HeCJIO.>KHaH H KpacHsaH

OT)J,eJIKa. BbmOJIHH!OT cTpol.!KY rrapaJIJJeJibHO o6pa6o

TaHHoMy H OTYT!O.>KeHHOMY Kpa!O H3)1,eJIHfl HJIH )J,e

TaJlH. EcJIH cTpOl.!KH pacrroJiara!OT B HeCKOJibKO pH

)1,08, OHH )J,OJI.>KHbl 6biTb rrapaJIJieJibHbl O)J,Ha )J,pyroif.

LfT06bi CTpOl.!KH He 6biJIH HCKpHBJieHHbiMH, rrpH HX

.llJIH BblllOJIHeHHfl TaKOH CTpOl.!KH (pHC. 123) Ha

WllYJIID HaM a TbiBaiOT TOJICTYIO HHTKY (HpHC HJIH My-

9:. a -G a VIII

OTAfAOI<

rrpO'IHOI'O KpallleHHH, KpyLKeBO, BbllllHB'Ka, allllJIH'Ka

UHH H T. )1,.

HH.>Ke )J,aHo orrHcaHHe HeKOTOpbiX OT)J,eJIO'!HbiX pa-

6oT, pe:KOMeH)J,yeMb!X )J,JIH )J,eTCKHX H3)1,eJIHH.

BblllOJIHeHHH IlpHMeHH!OT HarrpaBJifl!OIUHe JIHHeHKH .

l/I3)1,eJIHfl 113 XJIOill.!aTo6yMa.>KHbiX TKaHeH CTpOl.!aT

XJIO!llJaTo6yMa.>KHbiMH HHTKaMH N!! 50-60-80, B 3a

BHCHMOCTH OT TOJIIUHHbl TKaHH, UlepCTflHble H UleJIKO

Bbie- llleJIKOBbiMH. HHTKH )J,OJILKHbi 6biTb Toro .>Ke

UBeTa, 'ITO H TKaHb, HJIH KOHTpaCTHOfO UBeTa .

JIHHe B 'leTblpe CJIO.>KeHHH), a B HrJiy 3 anpaBJIHIOT

TOHKyio. UseT HHTOK sepxHeii 11 HH}KHeii )J,OJILKeH

+ + + + +

P11c. 123. PeJJ becjJHafl CTpoqKa

6b1Tb O)l.HOfO TOHa, HJIH BepXH5151 HHTKa MO.>KeT 6b!Tb

TOfO .>Ke UBeTa, liTO H OT)l.eJibiBaeMa.H )l.eTaJib. 1ho6b!

HH.lKH5151 TOJICTa.H HHTKa CB060)l.HO BblXO)l.HJia npH pa-

60Te MalllHHbi, HY.>KHO ocJia6HTb Ha.>KHM npy.>KHHbi

4eJIH04HOfO KOJinaqKa, noBepHyB BHHT Ha O)l.HH o6o

pOT BJieBO.

0 pe.n.Ha3Ha4eHHYIO )l.JI51 OT)l.eJIKH )l.eTaJib KJia)l.yT

no.n. JianKy JIHUeBOH CTOpOHOH BHH3 H CTp04aT CO

CTOpOHbl H3HaHKH no HaMel!eHHb!M JIHHH.HM HJIH pH-

cyHKy. PHcyHoK MO.lKHO HaHeCTH Ha 6yMary, HaMe

TaTb ee Ha H3HaH04HYIO CTOpoHy )l.eTaJIH H CTp04HTb

no HeH. 00CJie BbinOJIHeHHH CTp04KH 6yMary y.n.a

JIHIOT, )l.eTaJib npHyTIO.lKHBaiOT Ha MHfKOH nO)l.CTHJIKe.

PeJIM~cpHbie cTp04KH MO.lKHO BbinOJIHHTh spy4HYIO

HaMeTOllHOH CTp04KOH HJIH CTe6eJib4aTbiM IllBOM. J1x

MO.lK'HO TaK.>Ke Bbl'nOJIHHTb C npOKJia)l.'KOH H3 nopo

JIOHa. OopHCTOCTb H MHfKOCTb nOpOJIOHa npH)l.a!OT

CTp04KaM eiUe 60JiblllYIO peJibecpHOCTb.

CKJia,LI.KH n 3am.nnhl

B .n.eTCKHX H3.U.eJIH.HX CKJia)l.KH H 3aiUHnhr

(pHC. 124) 51BJIHIOTCH He TOJibKO OT)l.eJIKOH, HO H TeM

3anacOM TKaHH, KOTOpblH MO.lKHO HCnOJib30BaTb )l.JIH

nO np.HMbiM JIHHH.HM. Jlyllllle BCero ClpOliHTb HX nO

)l.OJieBOH HHTH. PacnOJIO.>KeHJ-Je CKJia,ll.OK H 3aiUHn MO

.lKeT 6biTb caMoe pa3JIH4Hoe. CKJia)I.KH pacnonaraiOT

PHc. 124. CKJJa.UKH H 3aW.Hnbi

y.n.JIHHeHH.H H paclllHpeHH.H H3.U.eJIH.H no Mepe pocTa

pe6eHKa.

CKJia.U.KH H 3a iUHnhi o6hi4HO pacnonaraiOT Ha

JIHcpe, KOKeTKe, pyKasax H ro6Ke. CTpo4aT CKJia)l.KH

TecbMa 11 cyTa.>K (pHc. 125, eM. useTHYIO BKJiei1-

KY) Ol!eHb pacnpocTpaHeHHaH OTJI.eJIKa .ll.JI.H .n.eTCKHX

H3)l.eJIHM 113 XJIOnlJaTo6yMa.lKHblX TKaHefl:.

TecbMa 6brsaeT caMbiX pa3JIH4HbiX pacuseToK H

pHcyHKOB. KpaH TecbMbi MoryT 6biTb npHMbre, c 3y6-

4HKaMH 11 H30fHYTbre (TecbMa «Bb!OH411K»). TecbMY

«Bb!OH411K» 06bi4HO HaCTpa4HBa!OT Ha JIHUeBOH CTO

poHe )l.eTaJIH (p11c. 126, a). Ho e10 MO.>KHO OT)l.eJibi

saTb H3)l.eJIHe 11 npyrHM cnoco6oM: TecbMY HacTpa411-

saiOT Ha 113HaHKe ,ll.eTa.'l H TaK, lJT06b! Ha JI11UeBOH

cTopoHe 6h!JlH BH.ll.Hbi TOJibKO 3Y64HKH TecbMbi. TaK

o6pa6aTbiBaiOT sopoTHHK. TecbMY HaMeTbiBaiOT Ha

I10)l.BOpOTHHK, npOKJla)l.biBa.H CTe)KKH ITOcepe)l.HHe

rpynnaMH, qepe.n.yiOT CKJia)l.KH c 33lUHnaMH, Hanpas

JI.HIOT B O.ll.Hy HJIH .n.pyryiO CTOpOHbl. Oonep el!Hb!e

CKJia)l.KH no Hli3Y 106KH MO.lKHO OTOfHYTb BBepx li npHKpenHTb npO)l.OJibHOH CTpOl!KOH.

PHC. 126. 0T.UCJJKa HH3a [!JiaTbH H CKJJa.I).UK TCCbM OH «llbiOH'-IHK~

TeCbMbl C JHiLJ,eBOH CTOpOHbl .ll.eTaJIH, 3aTeM Ha n6.ll.

BOpOTHHK HaKna.ll.hlBa~T sepXHHH BOp0THHK JIHUeBOH

CTOpOHOH BHyTpb, CMeTbiBaiOT .n.eTaJIH, ypaBHHBa51

cpe3bl. 06Ta'mBaiOT BOpOTHHK CO CTOpOHbl nO.ll.BOp.OT

HHKa Ha paCCT051HHH 0,1 C.M OT CTpOlJKH npHMeTbJBa

HHH TeCbMbi. Y.n.aJIHB HHTKH nprrMeThiBaH1I51, sopoT

HHK BbiBepTbJBaiOT, BbiiipaBJI5151 sy6lJHKH TeCbMbl.

Ta~rrM )l{e cnoco6oM oT.n.eJibiBaiOT rr CKJia.ll.KH Ha

I06Ke. Ha sayTIO)I{eHHYIO CKJia.n.Ky HaKJia.ll.biBaiOT

TeCbMy, COBMeW,aH ee cepe.ll.HHY C0 CrH60M CKJia.ll.KH,

DpHMeTbiBaiOT ee H HaCTpalJHBaiOT. 3aT.eM 3aKJia.ll.bl

BaiOT CKJia.ll.KY no sayTIO)I{eHHOMY crrr6y H sacTpalJH

BaiOT ee (prrc. 12_6, 6). Hs-no.n. cKJia.ll.KH srr.n.eH o.n.rrH

Kpaii sy6lJHKOB, BTOpOH Kpaif TeCbMbl HaXO.ll.HTC51 nO.ll.

CKJia·.ll.KOH.

TecbMY c npHMhiMH Kpa51MH HacTpaqrrsaiOT o.n.Hoii

(nocepe.IJ.I1He TeCbMbl) HJIH .ll.BYMH CTpOlJKaMH, pacno

Jiara51 HX Ha paCCTOHHHH 0,1 C.M OT Kpa51.

BopoTHHK, KapMaHbi, MaH)I{eTbi rr HH3 rrs.n.eJIHH

MO)I{HO OT.ll.eJ13Tb H cyTa)I{OM. MO)I{HO TaK)I{e KOM6H

HfipOB3Tb TeCbMY H cyTa)l{ .ll.Byx-Tpex TOHOB. TaK OT

.n.eJibiBaiOT BOpOTHHK MaTpOCCKOfO KOCTIOMa. Oprr Ha

CTpalJHBaHHH cyTa)l{a .ll.JIH noJiyLJeHHH poBHOH cTpOLJKH

npHMeHHIOT cneuHaJibHYIO JianKy. CyTa)l{ HaCTpaqrr

BaiOT WeJIKOBb!MH HHTKaMH B UBeT cyTa)l{a, npOKJia

.ll.biBaH cTpoqey nocepe.B.HHe no )l{eJio6Ky.

PyJIMI{

PHc. 127. PyJJHK

.[LJIH HsroTOBJieHHH pyJIHKa BbipesaiOT no KocoMy

HanpaBJieHHIO HHTH nOJIOCKH TKaHH WHpHHOH 2-2,5 C.M, Ka)l{.ll.YIO nOJIOCKy TKaHH CKJl 3.ll.b!Ra!OT nono

JiaM JIHLJ,eBOH CTOpOHOH BHyTpb, CMeTb!BaiOT, CTatiH

BaiOT, pacnOJLaraH CTpOlJKY Ha paCCTOHHHH 0,3-0,5 Of OT CrH6a B 33BHCHMOCTH OT TOJIW,HHbl TKaHH .

HHTKH B KOHUe CTpOlJKH He o6pe3a!OT, a OCTaBJI5110T

.ll.JIHHOH 15-20 C.M, B.ll.eBaiOT B Hr JIY H 33KpenJIHIOT

sa wos HeCKOJibKHMH cTe)KKaMH (prrc. 127, a). Ha

KOHLJ,e HHTKH 3aB513biBa.fOT yseJI . .[LJIH y.n.o6CTBa JJYlJWe

nOJib30B3TbCH MalUUHHOH HfJIOH. 3aTeM HrJTy npo.n.e

BalOT BHYTPb npocTpoLJeHHOH noJTOCKH TKaHrr ywKoM

snepe.n. rr nocTeneHHo BhmepTbiBaiOT pyJJHK Ha JTHLJ,e

syiO CTopoHy (pHc. 127, 6). PyJTHK cJTerKa ysJia)I{

H5IIOT, I-13THfHBaiOT, npocyWHBaiOT H pa3pe3a!OT Ha

oTpe3KH HY)I{HOH .ll.JIHHbi .ll.JlH neTeJTb, 6aHTHKa rr T . .n.. KoHUbT 6aHTHKa (p11c. 127, B) saBH3biBaiOT ysJTOM

HJIH K HHM npHKpenJJHIOT KHCTOlJKH 113 HHTOK.

06opKH, BOJiaHbl

.[LJIH .ll.eTCKHX ITJiaTbeB OlJeHb pacnpOCTpaHeHHOH

OT)J.eJIKOH HBJIHIOTC51 o6opKH H BOJ13Hhl (pHC. 128).

PHc. 128. 06opKH, BOJJaHbl

Kpaii o6opoK H BoJiaHOB o6pa6aTbiBaiOT pasJirrlJ

HbiMI:I WBaMH: WBOM BI10)J.fi:I6Ky C 3aKpb!TbJM cpe30M,

ysKHM wsoM snoJJ.rrr6Ky c JJ.BoJ':moii CTpOLJKOH, Kpae

soii cTpQLJKOH HJIH oKaHTOBOlJHbiM wsoM.

HHI:I pasHa

(pHC. 128, 2),

06opKrr rr BOJiaHhi pacrroJiaraiOT

Ha KOKeTKe, KapMaHaX, 110 HH3Y H3.ll.e

JIH5I s OJJ.HH HJIH HeCKOJibKO pH.n.os.

YsKHe 06opKH BTalJHBaiOT B CKJia.ll.KH,

B lUBbl COe)J.HHeHH51 lJ3CTeH OTJJ.eJib

HbiX .ll.eTaJieif H T. II.

06opKH BhlKpaHBaiOT 110 KOCOMY

. HJIH 11011epelJHOMY Ha11paBJieHHIO HH-

TeH TK3HH WHpHHOH COrJiaCHO MO

)J.eJIH, .ll.JIHHOH B 110JITOpa HJIH .ll.Ba

pasa 60JihWe JIHHHH ee rrpHWHBa

HHH. 0JJ.HH cpes o6opKH o6pa6aThl

saiOT O.ll.HHM H3 WBOB, yKa3aHHbiX

Bbime, JJ.pyroii cpes co6HpaiOT s

c6opKy MaWHHHOH CTpOlJKOH HJIH

pyLJHhiMH cMeTOlJHhiMH cTe)I{KaMH

(p.HC. 128,a). fOTOBYIO o6opKy BTa

lJHBaiOT Me)!{JJ.Y .ll.eTaJIHMH HJIH Ha

CTpalJHB3IOT Ha .ll.eTaJIH ITO HaMelJeH-

HbiM JIHHHHM (pHC. 128, 6) . .[LJIH BOJiaHOB Bh!KpaHBaiOT 110-

JIOCKH TKaHH 110 Kpyry (pHC. 128, B) •

.[LJIHHa ITOJIOCKH flO BHyTpeHHeH JIH-

.ll.JIHHe JIHHHH npHWHBaHHH BOJ!aHa

OT JI.eJIKa KpymeooM

0T.ll.eJIKa Kpy2KeBOM (pHC. 129) Ol!eHb Hap51.li.Ha.SI

H HecJI02KHa51 B o6pa6oTKe. Kpy2KeBoM OT.ll.eJibiBaiOT

Kpa51 ITJiaTOl!Ka, 6eJibe, o6opKH, BOJiaHbl, BOpOTHHKH,

MaH2KeTbl, KapMaHbl H T . .li.-

Hap51.li.Ha OTJI.eJIKa Kpy2KeBoM, co6paHHhiM B c6op

Ky H HaCTpOl!eHHblM B HeCKOJibKO p51.li.OB Ha BOpOTHHK

H MaH2KeTbl.

OpH OT.ll.eJIKe nopoTHHKa, 6opTa, MaH2KeT Kpy2KeBo

cnerKa co6rrpaiOT B c6opKy, rrpHMeTbiBaiOT H rrprrum

BaiOT C H3HaHKH DO o6pa6oTaHHOMY KpaiO.

-----------~-1

PHc. 129. OTneJJKa Kpy:lKeaou

6axpoMa . jl '

lliepCT51Hhie ITJJaTb51 M02KHO OT.ll.eJihiBaTb 6axpo

MOH . .llJI51 ::noro M02KHO HCITOJib30BaTb rOTOBYIO 6ax-

- poMy HJIH C.ll.eJiaTh ee caMHM us TKaHH rrJiaTh51 . Hs

nonepel!HOH ITOJIOCKH TK3HH .li.JlHHOH, paBHOH JIHHHH

npHWHBaHHH 6axpoMhi, Bhi.ll.eprHBaiOT O.li.HY YTOl!HYIO

HHTb, o6pesaiDT TIO 3TOH JIHHHH Kpafi, 3aTeM Bbi.ll.ep

rHBaiOT pH.ll. HHTeH, o6pasy51 6axpoMy HY2KHOH WH

pHHhi. BepxHHH cpes TKaHH BTal!HBaiOT B lllOB nopoT

HHKa, wapcpHKa, KapMaHa H T . .ll.-

5axpoMy, Bbll10JIHeHHYIO Ha caMOH .ll.eTaJJH ITO ee

Kparo (pH c. 130, a), saKperrJJ5IIDT py4HbiMH cTe2KKaMH

HJIH HacTpoqeHHOH U.BeTHOH TeChMOH (pH C. 130, 6).

a o Puc. 130. 0T,ll.eJIKa 6axpoMoil

C'beMHhie BOpOTHHKH H MaHmeTM

PRe. 131. C'beMHble aopOTH11KH

CneMHhie sopoTHHKH H MaH2KeTbi- npaKTH4Ha51

H KpacHBaH OT.ll.eJIKa. CneMHhre sopOTHHKH H MaH-

2KeTbi MoryT 6h!Tb Bbll10JIHeHbl H3 XJIOITl!aTo6yMa2K

HOH HJIH llleJIKOBOH TKaHH (Ma.ll.arronaMa, mme, lllH

<j:JoHa, 6aTHCTa, f10JIOTHa, MapKH3eTa, WTaiTeJJbHOrO

DOJIOTHa, KanpoHa, TIOJIH H T. IT.).

KoHUhi sopoTHHKOB MoryT 6hiTb pa3JIH4HOH

cpopMbl, KpaH C <j:JeCTOHaMH HJIH sy64HK3MH, o6pa6o

TaHHb!MH Ha MaWHHe «3Hr-3ar», HJIH OT.ll.eJiaHHb!MH

Kpy2KeBoM. BopoTHHKH H MaH2KeTbJ .li.JI51 2KeCTKOCTH

CJierKa ITO.li.KpaXMaJIHBaiOT.

5eJibie BOpOTHHKH OT.ll.eJibiBaiOT ITO KpaiO rJia.ll.be

BOH CTp04Kol'f B HecKOJihKO pH.li.OB HJIH BhilllHBKoi1,

HJIH MeJIKHMH o6opKaMH !13 TIOJIH, pacrro.rraraH HX

B HecKOJihKO pH.li.OB (prrc. 131).

AnnJiul\au,uu

0T.LI.eJIKa anriJ!IiK3U:HeH npHMeHHeTCH OtfeHb 43CTO

Ha ,ll.eTCKHX H3,ll.eJIHHX K3K ,li.JIH ,ll.eBOtieK, T3K H ,li.JIH

MaJibtfHKOB. AnnJIHKau:Heii MO)!{HO H3o6pa3HTb u:seTbi,

HrpyUIKH, ITTHU:, *HBOTHbiX H T. n. TKaHb, npenHa3Ha

LJeHHyto ,li.JIH anf!JIHK3U:HH, CJierKa nO,li.KpaXM3JIHB3IOT,

npoyTIO)!{H83IOT, HaHOCHT pHCYHOK Ha JIHU:eBOH CTO

poHe TK3HH H Bblpe33IOT ero, OCTaBJIHH npi·InYCK ITO

Kpa!O 0,2-0,3 CM (eM. pHC. 132, a). Bbtpe33HHbiH

p'HCYHOK H3MeTblB310T Ha ,ll.eTaJib COrJiaCHO MO,ll.eJIH H

npHUIHBaiOT KpaeBOH, MalllHHHOH CTp04KOH HJIH Bpyq

HYIO neTeJibHbiMH CTe)!{KaMH HJIH rJia,ll.beBblM UIBOM

(pHc. 132, 6). ToHKHe JIHHHH BHYTPH annJIHKaU:HH Bbi

noJIHHIOT CTe6eJibtfaTblM UIBOM.

LlJIH annJIHKaU:HH MO)!{HO HCnOJib30BaTb rOTOBbie

H306pa)!{eHHH UBeTOB Ha Ha6HBHb!X XJIOntfaTo6yMa)!{

HbiX TKaHHX. Bbtpe3aHHbiH pHcyHoK HaMeTbiBaiOT H

o6pa6aTbiBaiOT yKa3aHHbiM BbiUie cnoco6oM.

foToByio annJIHKaUHIO ysJia)!{HHIOT H npHyTIO)!{H

BaiOT co cTopoHbi H3HaHKH. PHCYHKH annJIHKaU:HH

.uaHbi B HaTypaJibHyto seJIHtfHHY B npHJIO)!{eHHH II.

PHc. 132. BbinOJJHeHHe annJJHKaUHH

noMDOHbl

Ll.'IH H3rOTOBJieHHH noMnOHa Bbipe3aiOT ,li.Ba Kap

TOHHhlX KOJlbUa ,li.HaMeTpOM, paBHhlM ,li.HaMeTpy noM

noRa. CKJia.LI.hiBaiOT HX BMecTe H o6BHBaiOT UiepcTH

HbiMH HHTKaMH, OCTaBJIHH o6a KOHUa HHTKH CHapy)!{H

KOJibU:a. Pa3pe3aiOT HHTKH no BHemHeif OKPY*HO'CTH

Me)!{.LI.Y KapTOHHbiMH KOJibUaMH, npo.UeBaiOT KQHUbl

HHTKH Me)!{,ll.y KOJibUaMH H 3aBH3biBaiOT Y3JIOM, a Kap

TOHHble KOJibUa CHHMaiOT.

KHCTOIJI\H

0pH H3rOTOBJieHHH KHCTOlJKH 6epyT nytfOK HHTOK,

nepeBH3biBaiOT ero nocepe.LI.HHe y3JIOM, ocTaBJIHH

neTJIIO. OytfoK HHTOK .LI.OJI)!{eH 6hiTb B nsa pa3a .LI.JIHH

Hee KHCTOtfKH.

CKJia.LI.biBaiOT nytJOK HHTOK nonoJiaM H nJIOTHO o6-

BHBaiOT rOJIOBKY KHCTOtfKH HHTKOH. 1\.0HUbl HHTKH 3a

KpenJIHIOT. HH3 KHCTOtfKH nonpaBHHBaiOT HO)!{

HHU:aMH.

8SI3aHa.SI OT )l.eJII\a

BH3aHyiO OT.LI.eJIKY MO*HO BbinOJIHHTb H3 UiepcTH

HbiX HHTOK npH rroMOlll.H Kp!04Ka HJIH cnHU. OpH

06BH3biBaHHH TKaHH HHTKaMH C TIOMOlll,biO Kp!OtfKa

Kpaii TKaHH HY*HO npocTpotiHTb .LI.BYMH cTpOtJKaMH,

nono6pas HHTI<H B useT TKaHH. CrpolJKH He .LI.OJI)!{Hbi

6b!Tb 3aTHHYTbl. 3aTeM, uenJIHH Kp!OtfKOM 3a o6e

HHTKH Ka)!{,li.Oro CTe)KKa CTpOt(KH, CHatfaJia BmKyT

nepBbiH pH.LI. orneJIKH, 3aTeM sropoif pH.LI. H r. n. Ta

KHM o6pa30M MO)!{HO 06BH3aTb KpaH 6epera, BOpOT

HHKa, MaH)!{eT H T. ,ll..

0tfeHb XOpOUIO TIOHC, BOpOTHHK H MaH)!{eTbi KypT·

KH CBH3aTb B BH,ll.e pe3HHKH. Ope,li.BapHTeJibHO flO

Kpaio neraJIH HY*HO raK*e npocrp04HTb pH.LI.OM nse

oc.rta6JieHHbie crpo4KH TIJIOTHbiMH HHTKaMH. UenJIHSl

TOHKHM Kp!OlJKOM 3a CTe)!{Klf, Bb!TIOJIH5IIOT nepBb!H p5I.LI.

BH3aHHH, 3aTeM nepeBO,li.SlT neTJIH Ha CTIHUbl H BbiBH-

3biBaiOT pe3HHKY HY*Horo pa3Mepa. •

0T.LI.eJJ04HYIO .UeTaJib MO)!{HO TaK)!{e CB5I3aTb OT·

.UeJibHO OT H3,ll.eJIH5!, a 3aTeM npHUIHTb BpyqHyiO, CO-

e,li.HHHH CTp04KH C neTJIHMH ilepsoro pHna BH3aHOH

OT ,ll.eJII{lf.

OrneJIOlJHhie neraJIH MO*HO raK)!{e BbiKpOHTb H3

noHoUieHHbiX TpHKoTa)!{HbiX H3)J:eJIHH, Y*e HenpHron·

HhiX K HocKe. B raKoM H3.LI.eJIHH Hati.LI.YTCH yqacrKH,

CB5!3aHHbie pe3HHKOH, 113 KOTOpb!X MO)KHO Bb!KpOHTh

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p 0 raT II H a H. n., n 0 n 0 B a 3. <1>. II Llp. :>KeHCKOC II LlCTCKoe JierKoe nJJaTbe, PocTexa3LlaT, 1961.

5l H y IIJ. Mbi IIJbCM CaMII. nepeBO.ll. c HeMCU,Koro, fii3JJernpoM, 1963.

B 0 e B 0 Ll I{ H a B., I{ n y 6 I{ H I{ H a P., KaK OLlCTb pe6eHKa, «MOCKOBCKHH pa60lJHW», 1964.

6 e JI H e B a l1. H., B JI a JJ. 11 M H p o B H. H., KporrKa H IIJHTbC llCTCKOfO nJiaTbH, fH3JJernpOM, 1963.

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