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Complete the sentences with words below.1.
The majority of Australians are ______________ from
many different __________________. In fact, the only
_________ whose ancestors have lived here for more
than 200 hundred years are __________ people. Most
Australians believe that having people from so many
different ___________________ creates ________ and
_________ and makes Australia a stronger _________
and a more interesting place to live.
backgrounds nation citizens tolerance Aboriginal homelands migrants respect
citizens / migrants
Aboriginal
citizens
nations / backgrounds
respectnations / backgrounds/ homelands
tolerance nation
2. Read the paragraph below, paying particular attention to the underlined words, some of which may be new to you. Try to work out the definitions of these words and write them down in the second column. Then check your answer using an English-English dictionary and write the dictionary definitions in the third column.The first migrants arrived in Australia after a long voyage on small sailing ships. Life was very tough at first because they did not have adequate equipment or food. One of the first things they did was to dig the soil
and sow vegetable seeds. However, it wasn’t easy to grow enough food for everyone and in the first few years they faced starvation. Despite all the hardships of those early years, many of the migrants succeeded in building a good life for themselves. In the early days, There were not nearly as many women migrants as there were males, so many of the men remained bachelors. Many dreamed of having a wife who would share their life
and work alongside them as they built houses and established farms. Within a reasonably short time some had established large sheep farms and began to export meat and wool back to England. We know a lot about these early years of European settlement because most migrants corresponded with their families at home and many of their letters still survive. These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.
Word Dictionary definition
migrant a person who goes from one place to live in another ( also immigrants)
adequate enough
sow put seeds in the ground so they will grow
hardship difficult or unpleasant condition of life
bachelor an unmarried male
correspond communicate by writing
owe to need to pay or give sth. to sb. because they have given or lent sth to you
You will find it easier to learn English words in clusters. Read aloud the following words and write down as many words related to them as possible. Compare your lists with a partner.
3.
Example:
rain, rainbow, rainfall, rainy, raindrop,
raincoat, rainforest, rainwater
rain tax home rust time night autonomy defend tolerate celebrate nation city birth associate reserve way
tax: taxation, taxed, taxable, taxman, taxpayer
home: homework, homely, homeland, homeless, homemaker, homecoming, homesick
rust: rusty, rustproof
time: timely, timing, timekeeper, timer, timepiece, timesaving, timetable, timeless
night: nightly, nighttime, goodnight, nightclothes, nightclub, nightfall
autonomy: autonomous, autonomously
defend: defense, defender, defenseless, defendant, defensive, defensible
tolerate: tolerance, tolerant, toleration, tolerantly, tolerable, tolerably, tolerability
nation: national, nationality, nationalize, nationally, nationalist, nationwide
city: citizen, citizenship, citywide, cityscape
birth: birthplace, birthdate, birthday, birthplace, birthmark, birthright
associate: association, associative, associated
reserve: reservation, reserved
way: pathway, roadway, waylay, wayside, wayworn
Read through this paragraph and underline all
the predicative. 1. A kangaroo kept getting out of his enclosure
at the zoo. Knowing that he was a good
jumper, the zoo authorities increased the
height of the fence around him, but, the next
morning, the kangaroo was out of his
enclosure again. So the keepers’ solution
was to build an even higher barrier.
However, the next morning, the result
was disappointing--- the kangaroo was not in
his enclosure. The authorities, being
desperate, increased the height of the fence
again and again and it was soon over forty
meters high. A camel in the next enclosure
asked the kangaroo, “How high do you think
they’ll go?” The kangaroo said, “ That's
a good question. It seems to me, they’ll
just keep going higher until somebody
remembers to shut the gate at night!”
Underline the predicative in this conversation and then practice it with a partner.
2.
KIM: The meat seems to be shrinking!
SAM: Maybe there’s too much fat in it.
KIM: What can I do?
SAM: It’s probably the wrong kind of meat for a barbecue. The best thing is to cook it slowly.
KIM: You know, it smells strange too.
SAM: Is it rotten? Let’s smell. Hey! This isn’t steak!
KIM: So, what is it?
SAM: Where did you get it?
KIM: It was in the bottom of the fridge.
SAM: Oh, no! That’s the dog's meat!
SAM: Are you sure?
Use clues to solve the crossword.1.
4 an unmarried male
5 (preposition) through
7 a country with its own government, tradition, etc
10 relationship of air, water, land, animals and plants
11 amount of rain that falls
12 official plan adopted by a government or other organization
bachelor
via
authority
ecology
rainfall
policy
1 money paid to the government
2 relating to central rather than local government
3 to put seeds into the ground
5 sour liquid made from wine
6 person or people in control of others
8 be in debt for something that has been given or lent
9 an important road
tax
federal
sow
vinegar
authority
owe
highway
Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.
2.
1.If you associate _________ criminals, you are
likely to get in trouble with the police too.
2._______ of respect for my family, I try to lead
an honest life.
3.I have been comprehending _______ my
penfreined for over five years now.
with
Out
with
4. We tried to talk Jim ______ changing his
mind, but with no success.
5. That all Australians are blond and blue-eyed
is far _______ the truth. Australians are many
different races and almost every eye, hair and
skin color is represented.
6. I am not responsible ______ keeping a
record of the meeting. Jim is.
into
from
for
Choose the correct words to complete
the sentences.
3.
defend/ defence/ defensive1 We must take __________ action immediately to protect ourselves from the enemy.
2 I am taking karate lessons to learn how to ________ myself.
3 The villagers’ only ________ against the enemies were sticks and stones.
defensive
defend
defence
4 They fought ___________ against the wind to bring the boat into shelter before the storm broke.
5 There is a ___________ need to get food and blankets to the earthquake victim.
6 In __________ they jumped out the window of their fifth floor apartment to escape the fire.
desperately/ desperation/ desperatedesperately
desperation
desperate
tolerate / tolerant / tolerable / tolerance7 Having friends at work is the only thing that makes my job __________.
8 I think his parents are far too _________ with him and that’s why he is so badly behaved.
9 I think you need to develop more ________ towards people who are different from you.
10 I can’t _______ his heat any more. I’m going inside where it’s cooler.
tolerable
tolerant
tolerance
tolerate
11 I’m sorry you can’t sit there. This table is
________.
12 I would like to make a __________ for four
people who are different from you.
13 I’m sorry I can’t go on Sunday. I always
_______ Sunday for visiting my grandparents.
reserve / reserved / reservation
reserved
reservation
reserve
14 If you change your mind about going on the tour, your deposit is not __________.
15 After they arrested him, the police went to the thief’s house to ________ the stolen jewellery.
16 After the accident his ________ was slow and he was in hospital for nearly six months.
recover / recovery / recoverable
recoverable
recover
recovery
Complete the paragraph with the words below.3.
My name is Steve Papas. Although my
_________ is Greece, I have lived in Australia
for a long time and I am now an Australian
________. Even though I haven’t visited my
original _________ for 20 years, I am still
proud of my Greek __________. I live in
heritage birthplace homeland celebration fortnight citizen
heritagehomeland
citizen
birthplace
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