エキゾチックな チャームハドロン・原子核 安井繁宏 KEK JAEA セミナー...

エキゾチックなチャームハドロン・原子核

安井繁宏KEK

JAEA セミナー @2011.1.13

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

3. Other Charmed Nuclear Systems

4. Experiments

5. Summary

proton

neutron

Strangeness

1. Introduction

Hyperons (Λ, Σ, Ξ, ...)K meson cf. Λ(1405)

Nucleus

proton

neutron

1. Introduction

Hyperons (Λ, Σ, Ξ, ...)K meson cf. Λ(1405)

Stangeness Nucleus

1. Introduction

What are charm/bottom nuclei?

Nucleusproton

neutron

Charm/Bottom

1. Introduction

Charm/Bottom

Nucleusproton

neutron

Dover-Kahana (1977)Iwao (1977)Gatto-Paccanoni (1978)Bando-Bando (1982)...

Baryons Λc, Σc, Λb, Σb, …

What are charm/bottom nuclei?

1. Introduction

Nucleusproton

neutron

Charm/Bottom

Mesons hidden : ηc, J/ψ, ηb, Υ, … open : D, D*, B, B*, …

What are charm/bottom nuclei?

1. Introduction

Nucleusproton

neutron

Charm/Bottom

Mesons hidden : ηc, J/ψ, ηb, Υ, … open : D, D*, B, B*, …

Brodsky-Schmidt-Teramond (1990)Luke-Manohar-Savage (1992)Yokokawa-Sasaki-Hatsuda--Hayashigaki (2006)Kawanai-Sasaki (2010)...

What are charm/bottom nuclei?

1. Introduction

Nucleusproton

neutron

This is our subject!

Charm/Bottom

Mesons hidden : ηc, J/ψ, ηb, Υ, … open : D, D*, B, B*, …

What are charm/bottom nuclei?

1. Introduction

Questions

1. Do charmed nuclei exist?

2. What is the real ground state of nuclear many body systems? Strangeness nuclei are more “stable” than normal nuclei. How about charmed nuclei?

3. How do nuclei change by strangeness and/or charm? strangeness → SU(3) flavor chiral symmetry : SU(3)f charm → SU(2) spin symmetry : SU(2)f × SU(2)spin

4. Could charmed nuclei exist in the universe? Or are they “artificial“ nuclei produced only by us? (à la artificial matter like new materials in nano-science!)

1. Introduction

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

N

D (B)

??

Q. What is the interaction between D (B) and N ?

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

NK

K N

SU(3)

ND

D N

NB

B N

Weinberg-Tomozawa

SU(4) SU(5)

Lutz-Kolomeitsev (2004), Hoffmann-Lutz (2005), Mizutani-Ramos (2006), Gamermann-Oset-Strottman-Vacas (2007), Haidenbauer-Krein-Meissner-Sibirtsev (2007), Tolos-Molina-Gamermann-Gracia-Reico-Nieves-Oset-Ramos (2010) ...

Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ...

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

D BK

K*

D*B*

400 MeV

140 MeV 45 MeV

D* and B* are new ingredients!

Chiral Symmetry Heavy Quark Symmetry

500 MeV 1870 MeV 5280 MeV

K* is almost irrelevant in dynamics.

pseudo-scalar

vector

Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ...

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

NK

K N

, ω, ρp

Weinberg-Tomozawa One pion exchange potential (OPEP)

ND

D N

NB

B N

One pion is absent.(short range force)

One pion is present. (long range force)

KN interaction D(B)N interaction

, ω, ρp , ω, ρp

Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ...

S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

NK

K N

, ω, ρp

Weinberg-Tomozawa One pion exchange potential (OPEP)

ND

D* N

NB

B* N

One pion is absent.(short range force)

One pion is present. (long range force)

KN interaction D(B)N interaction

, ω, ρp , ω, ρp

Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ...

S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

NK

K N

, ω, ρp

Weinberg-Tomozawa One pion exchange potential (OPEP)

ND*

D N

NB*

B N

One pion is absent.(short range force)

One pion is present. (long range force)

KN interaction D(B)N interaction

, ω, ρp , ω, ρp

Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ...

S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

NK

K N

, ω, ρp

Weinberg-Tomozawa One pion exchange potential (OPEP)

ND*

D* N

NB*

B* N

One pion is absent.(short range force)

One pion is present. (long range force)

KN interaction D(B)N interaction

, ω, ρp , ω, ρp

Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ...

S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

with

G. Burdman and J.F. Donoghue (1992)M.B. Wise (1992)T.-M. Yan, H.-Y. Cheng, C.-Y. Cheung, G.-L. Lin, Y.C. Lin and H.-L. Yu (1997)

vector + pseudoscalar

One pion exchange potential (OPEP)

Heavy Quark Symmetry

D(*)

D(*)

N

N

One-Pion-Exchange Potential

, ω, ρp

P=D, B

S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

N

D (B)

??

Q. Are there bound states of D (B) and N ?

D(cq)-N(qqq)B(bq)-N(qqq) * No annihilation process

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

Classification of states

|state> = |PN>+ |P*N> P=D (cq), B (bq)

JP=1/2- (I=0 or 1)

|PN; 2S1/2 > + |P*N; 2S1/2 > + |P*N; 4D1/2 >

NP

s-wave0 1/2

NP*

s-wave1 1/2

NP*

d-wave1 1/2

+ +

* No annihilation process

Strong tensor attraction mixing s- and d-wavesCf. s-wave and d-wave tensor mixing in deuterons

JP=3/2- (I=0 or 1) → Similar, but no bound state

S. Y. and K. Sudoh,PRD80, 034008 (2009)

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

JP=1/2-, I=0

strong tensor coupling

wave functions obtained by variational method

DN (2S1/2)

D*N (4D1/2)

D*N (2S1/2)

DN B.E. [MeV] 3.0 r [fm] 2.3

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

BN bound state100 MeV

KN (pentaquark?)

threshold

100 MeV

cqqqq bqqqqsqqqq

Strangeness Charm Bottom

DN bound state

|DN; I=0> = |D-p> + |D0n> + |D*-p> + |D*0n>

K+ π - π - p

weak decay D*→Dπ is closed.

DN and BN bound states JP=1/2- (I=0)

3 MeVK + N D + N B + N

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

Λ(1405)

KN

πΣ

1433 MeV

1330 MeV

ΞN

ΛΛ

2255 MeV

2230MeV

H dibaryon

BN6217 MeV

BN state

DN2807 MeV

DN stateB.E. 100 MeV

B.E. 3 MeV

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

Λ(1405)

KN

πΣ

1433 MeV

1330 MeV

ΞN

ΛΛ

2255 MeV

2230MeV

H dibaryon

BN6217 MeV

BN state

DN2807 MeV

DN state

K nuclei

Hypernuclei

Charm/Bottom nuclei

B.E. 100 MeV

B.E. 3 MeV

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

A=2 charmed (bottom) nucleus ?

D (B)

NN

Q. Are there exotic nuclei with D (B) ?

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

DNN and BNN systems

D(*)

NN

Classification of statesJP=0-

JP=1-

I=1/2

I=3/2

I=1/2

I=3/2

|D(NN)S=0,I=1> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0>

|D(NN)S=0,I=1>

|D(NN)S=1,I=0> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0> +|D*(NN)S=0,I=1>

|D(NN)S=0,I=1>

S=1/2I=0

S=1/2I=0

S. Y. and K. Sudoh,PRD80, 034008 (2009)

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

DNN and BNN systems

Classification of statesJP=0-

JP=1-

I=1/2

I=3/2

I=1/2

I=3/2

|D(NN)S=0,I=1> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0>

|D(NN)S=0,I=1>

|D(NN)S=1,I=0> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0> +|D*(NN)S=0,I=1>

|D(NN)S=0,I=1>

3/4 1/4

0

1/4 1/6 1/4

0

Fraction of (D(*)N)S=1/2,I=0

D(*)

NN

S=1/2I=0

S=1/2I=0

S. Y. and K. Sudoh,PRD80, 034008 (2009)

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

DNN and BNN systems

Classification of statesJP=0-

JP=1-

I=1/2

I=3/2

I=1/2

I=3/2

|D(NN)S=0,I=1> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0>

|D(NN)S=0,I=1>

|D(NN)S=1,I=0> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0> +|D*(NN)S=0,I=1>

|D(NN)S=0,I=1>

3/4 1/4

0

1/4 1/6 1/4

0

Fraction of (D(*)N)S=1/2,I=0

D(*)

NN

S=1/2I=0

S=1/2I=0

weak decayK+ π- π- + p + p

weak decay K+ π- π- + d

Cf. D- → K+ π- π-

S. Y. and K. Sudoh,PRD80, 034008 (2009)

2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons

3. Other Charmed Nuclear Systems

J/ψ-nuclei

Λc-nuclei

J/ψ-N interaction is always attractive.But the attraction is so weak.There may be bound state for A>10.

Hc-dibaryon

Λc-N interaction would be attractive.But details are not yet clear.

Diquark picture suggests udusuc states.Repulsive instanton interaction is weaker.

3. Other Charmed Nuclear Systems

~

u

Hc-dibaryon (udusuc)

sc

d

u u

HcΛc

duc

Σ

+ suu

B.E.

S=-1

S=-2

-17.4 MeV

-17.3 MeV

S=-3

-28.9 MeV

3. Other Charmed Nuclear Systems S. H. Lee and S. Y.,Eur. Phys. J. C64, 283 (2009)

u

sc

d

u u

HcΛc

duc

Σ

+ suu

B.E.

S=-1

S=-2

-17.4 MeV

-17.3 MeV

S=-3

-28.9 MeV

Hc-dibaryon (udusuc)

3. Other Charmed Nuclear Systems S. H. Lee and S. Y.,Eur. Phys. J. C64, 283 (2009)

u

sc

d

u u

HcΛc

duc

Σ

+ suu

B.E.

S=-1

S=-2

-17.4 MeV

-17.3 MeV

S=-3

-28.9 MeV

Hc-dibaryon (udusuc)

3. Other Charmed Nuclear Systems S. H. Lee and S. Y.,Eur. Phys. J. C64, 283 (2009)

S. H. Lee and S. Y.,Eur. Phys. J. C64, 283 (2009)

3. Other Charmed Nuclear Systems

4. Experiments

4. Experiments

Factorization Theorem• Cross section can be factorized in pQCD:

– Inclusive hadron production

2 2 2

, ,

ˆ( , ) ( , ) ( ) ( , )ha a b b c

a b c

f x Q f x Q ab cX D z Q

( )

p p h X

PDF and FF:Determined using experimental data

Amplitude:Calculable in pQCD

Charm Production @J-PARC

• Subprocesses for Dbar production – O(as

2) 2→2 tree-level channels in LO

qq cc gg cc

well-calculated in perturbation theory in αs

J-PARC → pp

GSI → pp

gg dominance

qq dominance

NLO → K factor x LO

4. Experiments

Numerical Results• Cross section of D-bar production:• Total cross section at the energies of J-PARC and GSI-FAIR.

( , )D pp pp DX

J-PARC

GSI PANDA, PAX

N = 15.5x106 /weekN = 66.0x106 /week

N = 0.50x106 /week

N = 8.33x106 /week

Yield : N = σ ・ L ・ Br ・ ε

LJ-PARC = 3.6 x 106 nb-1/week

LGSI = 6.3 x 104 nb-1/week

Br(D-→K+π-π-) = 0.094 from PDG09

ε 〜 0.2

√s=8 GeV√s=10 GeV

√s=5.5 GeV

√s=14.5 GeV

4. Experiments

Numerical Results• D-bar N cross section is estimated as follows.

• Total cross section at the energies of J-PARC and GSI-FAIR.

J-PARC

GSI PANDA, PAX

N = 23.7x103 /weekN = 100.0 x103 /week

N = 0.75x103 /week

N = 12.58x103 /week

π + contact B potential model

4. Experiments

Relativistic heavy ion collisions as sources of multi-particles

4. Experiments

Nucleus Nucleus

RHIC/LHC

Relativistic heavy ion collisions as sources of multi-particles

4. Experiments

Nucleus Nucleus

QGP

RHIC/LHC

Relativistic heavy ion collisions as sources of multi-particles

4. Experiments

Hadron phase

QGP

RHIC/LHC

p, Λ, ...

π, K, ...

f0, a0, ...

Λ3H

Exotics?

STAR (2003)

STAR (2010)

Relativistic heavy ion collisions as sources of multi-particles

4. Experiments

Hadron phasep, Λ, ...

π, K, ...

f0, a0, ...

Λ3H

Exotics?

STAR (2003)

STAR (2010)

RHIC/LHC

Relativistic heavy ion collisions as sources of multi-particles

4. Experiments

yields of hadrons from heavy ion colisions

ExHIC (Exotics from Heavy Ion Collisions) collaborationS. Cho (Yonsei U.), T. Furumoto (YITP and RIKEN), T. Hyodo (Tokyo Inst. Technology), D. Jido (YITP), C.-M. Ko (Texas A&M U.), S. H. Lee (Yonsei U. and YITP), M. Nielsen (U. de Paulo), A. Ohnishi (YITP), T. Sekihara (YITP and Kyoto U.), K. Yazaki (YITP and RIKEN), S. Y. (KEK)

S. Cho et al. (the ExHIC collaboration), arXiv:1011.0852 [nucl-th]

4. Experiments

S. Cho et al. (the ExHIC collaboration), arXiv:1011.0852 [nucl-th]

Normal hadron0.2

1

Hadron molecule

Multi-quark

4. Experiments

CERN, 2 Dec. 2010 J. Schukraft

4. Experiments

CERN, 2 Dec. 2010 J. Schukraft

4. Experiments

CERN, 2 Dec. 2010 J. Schukraft

4. Experiments

5. Summary

・ Charmed systems are interesting !

・ Strange Nuclei v.s. Charmed Nuclei SU(3)f v.s. SU(2)f x SU(2)spin

・ Charmed Nuclei D-meson Nuclei ・ Other Charmed Nuclear Systems J/ψ-nuclie, Λc-nuclei, Hc-dibaryons, ...

・ Experimetal researches Belle, J-PARC, GSI, RHIC, LHC, ...