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エキゾチックなチャームハドロン・原子核
安井繁宏KEK
JAEA セミナー @2011.1.13
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
3. Other Charmed Nuclear Systems
4. Experiments
5. Summary
proton
neutron
Strangeness
1. Introduction
Hyperons (Λ, Σ, Ξ, ...)K meson cf. Λ(1405)
Nucleus
proton
neutron
1. Introduction
Hyperons (Λ, Σ, Ξ, ...)K meson cf. Λ(1405)
Stangeness Nucleus
1. Introduction
What are charm/bottom nuclei?
Nucleusproton
neutron
Charm/Bottom
1. Introduction
Charm/Bottom
Nucleusproton
neutron
Dover-Kahana (1977)Iwao (1977)Gatto-Paccanoni (1978)Bando-Bando (1982)...
Baryons Λc, Σc, Λb, Σb, …
What are charm/bottom nuclei?
1. Introduction
Nucleusproton
neutron
Charm/Bottom
Mesons hidden : ηc, J/ψ, ηb, Υ, … open : D, D*, B, B*, …
What are charm/bottom nuclei?
1. Introduction
Nucleusproton
neutron
Charm/Bottom
Mesons hidden : ηc, J/ψ, ηb, Υ, … open : D, D*, B, B*, …
Brodsky-Schmidt-Teramond (1990)Luke-Manohar-Savage (1992)Yokokawa-Sasaki-Hatsuda--Hayashigaki (2006)Kawanai-Sasaki (2010)...
What are charm/bottom nuclei?
1. Introduction
Nucleusproton
neutron
This is our subject!
Charm/Bottom
Mesons hidden : ηc, J/ψ, ηb, Υ, … open : D, D*, B, B*, …
What are charm/bottom nuclei?
1. Introduction
Questions
1. Do charmed nuclei exist?
2. What is the real ground state of nuclear many body systems? Strangeness nuclei are more “stable” than normal nuclei. How about charmed nuclei?
3. How do nuclei change by strangeness and/or charm? strangeness → SU(3) flavor chiral symmetry : SU(3)f charm → SU(2) spin symmetry : SU(2)f × SU(2)spin
4. Could charmed nuclei exist in the universe? Or are they “artificial“ nuclei produced only by us? (à la artificial matter like new materials in nano-science!)
1. Introduction
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
N
D (B)
??
Q. What is the interaction between D (B) and N ?
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
NK
K N
SU(3)
ND
D N
NB
B N
Weinberg-Tomozawa
SU(4) SU(5)
Lutz-Kolomeitsev (2004), Hoffmann-Lutz (2005), Mizutani-Ramos (2006), Gamermann-Oset-Strottman-Vacas (2007), Haidenbauer-Krein-Meissner-Sibirtsev (2007), Tolos-Molina-Gamermann-Gracia-Reico-Nieves-Oset-Ramos (2010) ...
Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ...
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
D BK
K*
D*B*
400 MeV
140 MeV 45 MeV
D* and B* are new ingredients!
Chiral Symmetry Heavy Quark Symmetry
500 MeV 1870 MeV 5280 MeV
K* is almost irrelevant in dynamics.
pseudo-scalar
vector
Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ...
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
NK
K N
, ω, ρp
Weinberg-Tomozawa One pion exchange potential (OPEP)
ND
D N
NB
B N
One pion is absent.(short range force)
One pion is present. (long range force)
KN interaction D(B)N interaction
, ω, ρp , ω, ρp
Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ...
S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
NK
K N
, ω, ρp
Weinberg-Tomozawa One pion exchange potential (OPEP)
ND
D* N
NB
B* N
One pion is absent.(short range force)
One pion is present. (long range force)
KN interaction D(B)N interaction
, ω, ρp , ω, ρp
Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ...
S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
NK
K N
, ω, ρp
Weinberg-Tomozawa One pion exchange potential (OPEP)
ND*
D N
NB*
B N
One pion is absent.(short range force)
One pion is present. (long range force)
KN interaction D(B)N interaction
, ω, ρp , ω, ρp
Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ...
S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
NK
K N
, ω, ρp
Weinberg-Tomozawa One pion exchange potential (OPEP)
ND*
D* N
NB*
B* N
One pion is absent.(short range force)
One pion is present. (long range force)
KN interaction D(B)N interaction
, ω, ρp , ω, ρp
Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ...
S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
with
G. Burdman and J.F. Donoghue (1992)M.B. Wise (1992)T.-M. Yan, H.-Y. Cheng, C.-Y. Cheung, G.-L. Lin, Y.C. Lin and H.-L. Yu (1997)
vector + pseudoscalar
One pion exchange potential (OPEP)
Heavy Quark Symmetry
D(*)
D(*)
N
N
One-Pion-Exchange Potential
, ω, ρp
P=D, B
S. Y. and K. Sudoh, PRD80, 034008 (2009)
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
N
D (B)
??
Q. Are there bound states of D (B) and N ?
D(cq)-N(qqq)B(bq)-N(qqq) * No annihilation process
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
Classification of states
|state> = |PN>+ |P*N> P=D (cq), B (bq)
JP=1/2- (I=0 or 1)
|PN; 2S1/2 > + |P*N; 2S1/2 > + |P*N; 4D1/2 >
NP
s-wave0 1/2
NP*
s-wave1 1/2
NP*
d-wave1 1/2
+ +
* No annihilation process
Strong tensor attraction mixing s- and d-wavesCf. s-wave and d-wave tensor mixing in deuterons
JP=3/2- (I=0 or 1) → Similar, but no bound state
S. Y. and K. Sudoh,PRD80, 034008 (2009)
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
JP=1/2-, I=0
strong tensor coupling
wave functions obtained by variational method
DN (2S1/2)
D*N (4D1/2)
D*N (2S1/2)
DN B.E. [MeV] 3.0 r [fm] 2.3
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
BN bound state100 MeV
KN (pentaquark?)
threshold
100 MeV
cqqqq bqqqqsqqqq
Strangeness Charm Bottom
DN bound state
|DN; I=0> = |D-p> + |D0n> + |D*-p> + |D*0n>
K+ π - π - p
weak decay D*→Dπ is closed.
DN and BN bound states JP=1/2- (I=0)
3 MeVK + N D + N B + N
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
Λ(1405)
KN
πΣ
1433 MeV
1330 MeV
ΞN
ΛΛ
2255 MeV
2230MeV
H dibaryon
BN6217 MeV
BN state
DN2807 MeV
DN stateB.E. 100 MeV
B.E. 3 MeV
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
Λ(1405)
KN
πΣ
1433 MeV
1330 MeV
ΞN
ΛΛ
2255 MeV
2230MeV
H dibaryon
BN6217 MeV
BN state
DN2807 MeV
DN state
K nuclei
Hypernuclei
Charm/Bottom nuclei
B.E. 100 MeV
B.E. 3 MeV
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
A=2 charmed (bottom) nucleus ?
D (B)
NN
Q. Are there exotic nuclei with D (B) ?
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
DNN and BNN systems
D(*)
NN
Classification of statesJP=0-
JP=1-
I=1/2
I=3/2
I=1/2
I=3/2
|D(NN)S=0,I=1> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0>
|D(NN)S=0,I=1>
|D(NN)S=1,I=0> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0> +|D*(NN)S=0,I=1>
|D(NN)S=0,I=1>
S=1/2I=0
S=1/2I=0
S. Y. and K. Sudoh,PRD80, 034008 (2009)
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
DNN and BNN systems
Classification of statesJP=0-
JP=1-
I=1/2
I=3/2
I=1/2
I=3/2
|D(NN)S=0,I=1> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0>
|D(NN)S=0,I=1>
|D(NN)S=1,I=0> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0> +|D*(NN)S=0,I=1>
|D(NN)S=0,I=1>
3/4 1/4
0
1/4 1/6 1/4
0
Fraction of (D(*)N)S=1/2,I=0
D(*)
NN
S=1/2I=0
S=1/2I=0
S. Y. and K. Sudoh,PRD80, 034008 (2009)
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
DNN and BNN systems
Classification of statesJP=0-
JP=1-
I=1/2
I=3/2
I=1/2
I=3/2
|D(NN)S=0,I=1> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0>
|D(NN)S=0,I=1>
|D(NN)S=1,I=0> + |D*(NN)S=1,I=0> +|D*(NN)S=0,I=1>
|D(NN)S=0,I=1>
3/4 1/4
0
1/4 1/6 1/4
0
Fraction of (D(*)N)S=1/2,I=0
D(*)
NN
S=1/2I=0
S=1/2I=0
weak decayK+ π- π- + p + p
weak decay K+ π- π- + d
Cf. D- → K+ π- π-
S. Y. and K. Sudoh,PRD80, 034008 (2009)
2. Charmed Nuclei with D mesons
3. Other Charmed Nuclear Systems
J/ψ-nuclei
Λc-nuclei
J/ψ-N interaction is always attractive.But the attraction is so weak.There may be bound state for A>10.
Hc-dibaryon
Λc-N interaction would be attractive.But details are not yet clear.
Diquark picture suggests udusuc states.Repulsive instanton interaction is weaker.
3. Other Charmed Nuclear Systems
~
u
Hc-dibaryon (udusuc)
sc
d
u u
HcΛc
duc
Σ
+ suu
B.E.
S=-1
S=-2
-17.4 MeV
-17.3 MeV
S=-3
-28.9 MeV
3. Other Charmed Nuclear Systems S. H. Lee and S. Y.,Eur. Phys. J. C64, 283 (2009)
u
sc
d
u u
HcΛc
duc
Σ
+ suu
B.E.
S=-1
S=-2
-17.4 MeV
-17.3 MeV
S=-3
-28.9 MeV
Hc-dibaryon (udusuc)
3. Other Charmed Nuclear Systems S. H. Lee and S. Y.,Eur. Phys. J. C64, 283 (2009)
u
sc
d
u u
HcΛc
duc
Σ
+ suu
B.E.
S=-1
S=-2
-17.4 MeV
-17.3 MeV
S=-3
-28.9 MeV
Hc-dibaryon (udusuc)
3. Other Charmed Nuclear Systems S. H. Lee and S. Y.,Eur. Phys. J. C64, 283 (2009)
S. H. Lee and S. Y.,Eur. Phys. J. C64, 283 (2009)
3. Other Charmed Nuclear Systems
4. Experiments
4. Experiments
Factorization Theorem• Cross section can be factorized in pQCD:
– Inclusive hadron production
2 2 2
, ,
ˆ( , ) ( , ) ( ) ( , )ha a b b c
a b c
f x Q f x Q ab cX D z Q
( )
p p h X
PDF and FF:Determined using experimental data
Amplitude:Calculable in pQCD
Charm Production @J-PARC
• Subprocesses for Dbar production – O(as
2) 2→2 tree-level channels in LO
qq cc gg cc
well-calculated in perturbation theory in αs
J-PARC → pp
GSI → pp
gg dominance
qq dominance
NLO → K factor x LO
4. Experiments
Numerical Results• Cross section of D-bar production:• Total cross section at the energies of J-PARC and GSI-FAIR.
( , )D pp pp DX
J-PARC
GSI PANDA, PAX
N = 15.5x106 /weekN = 66.0x106 /week
N = 0.50x106 /week
N = 8.33x106 /week
Yield : N = σ ・ L ・ Br ・ ε
LJ-PARC = 3.6 x 106 nb-1/week
LGSI = 6.3 x 104 nb-1/week
Br(D-→K+π-π-) = 0.094 from PDG09
ε 〜 0.2
√s=8 GeV√s=10 GeV
√s=5.5 GeV
√s=14.5 GeV
4. Experiments
Numerical Results• D-bar N cross section is estimated as follows.
• Total cross section at the energies of J-PARC and GSI-FAIR.
J-PARC
GSI PANDA, PAX
N = 23.7x103 /weekN = 100.0 x103 /week
N = 0.75x103 /week
N = 12.58x103 /week
π + contact B potential model
4. Experiments
Relativistic heavy ion collisions as sources of multi-particles
4. Experiments
Nucleus Nucleus
RHIC/LHC
Relativistic heavy ion collisions as sources of multi-particles
4. Experiments
Nucleus Nucleus
QGP
RHIC/LHC
Relativistic heavy ion collisions as sources of multi-particles
4. Experiments
Hadron phase
QGP
RHIC/LHC
p, Λ, ...
π, K, ...
f0, a0, ...
Λ3H
Exotics?
STAR (2003)
STAR (2010)
Relativistic heavy ion collisions as sources of multi-particles
4. Experiments
Hadron phasep, Λ, ...
π, K, ...
f0, a0, ...
Λ3H
Exotics?
STAR (2003)
STAR (2010)
RHIC/LHC
Relativistic heavy ion collisions as sources of multi-particles
4. Experiments
yields of hadrons from heavy ion colisions
ExHIC (Exotics from Heavy Ion Collisions) collaborationS. Cho (Yonsei U.), T. Furumoto (YITP and RIKEN), T. Hyodo (Tokyo Inst. Technology), D. Jido (YITP), C.-M. Ko (Texas A&M U.), S. H. Lee (Yonsei U. and YITP), M. Nielsen (U. de Paulo), A. Ohnishi (YITP), T. Sekihara (YITP and Kyoto U.), K. Yazaki (YITP and RIKEN), S. Y. (KEK)
S. Cho et al. (the ExHIC collaboration), arXiv:1011.0852 [nucl-th]
4. Experiments
S. Cho et al. (the ExHIC collaboration), arXiv:1011.0852 [nucl-th]
Normal hadron0.2
1
Hadron molecule
Multi-quark
4. Experiments
CERN, 2 Dec. 2010 J. Schukraft
4. Experiments
CERN, 2 Dec. 2010 J. Schukraft
4. Experiments
CERN, 2 Dec. 2010 J. Schukraft
4. Experiments
5. Summary
・ Charmed systems are interesting !
・ Strange Nuclei v.s. Charmed Nuclei SU(3)f v.s. SU(2)f x SU(2)spin
・ Charmed Nuclei D-meson Nuclei ・ Other Charmed Nuclear Systems J/ψ-nuclie, Λc-nuclei, Hc-dibaryons, ...
・ Experimetal researches Belle, J-PARC, GSI, RHIC, LHC, ...