報告人 : 馬瑞琴. Reading Strategy Building a Powerful Vocabulary

報告人 : 馬瑞琴

Reading Strategy

Building a Powerful Vocabulary

vocabulary

How could Jennifer Nelson win a spelling contest

without even hearing the (1) _____ pronounced?

Jennifer, who had been deaf since she was one and

half a years old, was clever enough to (2) _____ the

lips of the teacher who was saying the words.

1. (A) sticks (B) bells (C) smell (D) words

2. (A) color (B) listen (C) read (D) change

1. D 2. C

Some of nature’s most beautiful animals cannot be

seen with the naked eyes. Were it not for the

microscope, a long parade of (1) _____ life would be

completely (2) _____ from human sight.

1. (A) rock (B) animal (C) clowns (D) rocks

2. (A) hidden (B) most (C) space (D) tune

1. B 2. A

Coin collectors touch their coins only with care. If a

collector (1) _____ a coin, he or she holds it by the

edges, never flat on the palm. Moisture from the

(2) _____ could stain the coin.

1. (A) throws (B) sells (C) handles (D) finds

2. (A) wallet (B) hand (C) rain (D) dust

1. C 2. B

Reading takes work.

Dave Willis

Award-winning writer, speaker and consultant on English language teaching

How to help beginning-level students ( with a vocabulary of 300 words ) to become better readers?

So we have our students in Junior High

memorize at least 2000 words to begin

their reading in English.

That’s the basic way -

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Why do We Read?

Reading for Pleasure Pleasure reading is very important for learn

ing English. Dr. Stephen Krashen, a famous expert on learning language, says that pleasure reading helps you learn many important things about English. Students learn more grammar and vocabulary when they read for pleasure. They also learn more about good writing.

Building a VocabularyPowerful

Building a powerful vocabulary means more than learning new words. It means learning new ways to think about words. In this unit, you’ll learn thinking skills that will help build vocabulary. You’ll learn to guess the meaning of unknown words. You’ll learn how to use synonyms and pronouns to help you understand what you read.

The context is the sentence or sentences around a word. The context can tell you a lot about a new word. It can tell you what kind of word it is– noun, verb, adjective, or adverb. It can also give you some idea of the meaning of the word. Then you don’t have to stop reading and look in a dictionary. You can read much more quickly this way, and you can understand more.

You can think of context as the

“neighborhood” in which

the word

“lives.”

unknown

Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey is a successful actress, TV

producer, and the first American-American billionaire in the United States. She was born in Kosciusko, Mississippi, a small (1) _____ in America’s south. She lived with her (2) _____ until she was six years old. The (3) _____ was very poor. At a very young (4) _____, Oprah learned to read aloud (5) _____ her family. Her skill in reading and (6) _____ helped her all her life.

Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey is a successful actress, TV

producer, and the first American-American billionaire in the United States. She was born in Kosciusko, Mississippi, a small (1) town in America’s south. She lived with her (2) grandmother until she was six years old. The (3) family was very poor. At a very young (4) age, Oprah learned to read aloud (5) to her family. Her skill in reading and (6) speaking helped her all her life.

Oprah Winfrey When she was six years old, Oprah was sent to live

(1) _____ her mother in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Her mother was (2) _____ poor and uneducated, and Oprah (3) _____ unhappy there. At age thirteen, she (4) _____ away from home. The police (5) _____ her to a special home for

(6) _____ who run away. But she couldn’t (7) _____ there because it was (8) _____ full. She had to (9) _____ to Nashville, Tennessee, to live with her (10) _____ , Vernon Winfrey.

Oprah Winfrey When she was six years old, Oprah was sent to liv

e (1) with her mother in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Her mother was (2) very poor and uneducated, and Oprah (3) was unhappy there. At age thirteen, she (4) ran away from home. The police (5) sent her to a special home for (6) children who run away. But she couldn’t (7) stay there because it was (8) too full. She had to (9) go to Nashville, Tennessee, to live with her (10) father , Vernon Winfrey.

meaning

Sometimes writers use words that their readers may not know. Writers want their readers to understand their stories. So they help their readers. They give meanings, or definitions, of the word.

Sondra didn’t understand everything that the man said. But she got the gist. She understood that she had better leave quickly because it was dangerous there.

What does gist mean? point

Jimmy’s medicine had a nasty taste. He took it the first time, but he didn’t want to take it again. His mother had to put some sugar in it.

What does nasty mean? bad

Sahita always goes along with everything I say. I am sure she doesn’t really agree with me all the time. But she always says “yes!” I don’t understand. Is she afraid of me?

What does goes along with mean?

agree with

The Power of Wind

You can not see the air. But when the wind blows, you can feel it. Whoosh!

Wind helps a kite fly. It helps a sailboat move. It carries seeds to start new plants. It turns windmills to make power.

But sometimes the wind isn’t so helpful. A strong wind can turn a snow storm into a blizzard.

A hurricane is a storm with fast-moving winds. Hurricanes can be very dangerous.

Words to know ( definition )

blizzard – a snowstorm with winds moving at more than 32 miles per hour

hurricane – a storm with winds moving at more than 74 miles per hour

Ballooning

The first kind of air transportation was not a plane. It was a balloon. People traveled by balloon a hundred years before there were planes or jet aircraft. Those early days of ballooning were exciting, but they were also dangerous. Sometimes the balloons fell suddenly. Sometimes they burned.

However, the danger did not stop the balloonists.

Words to know ( definition )

transportation balloon aircraft balloonists

1. a machine for traveling by air

2. person who flies a plane or balloon

3. a bag full of air

4. way of traveling

Using Pronouns and Synonyms

Pronouns are small words, but they are very important when you are reading.

These small words tie ideas to each other in a passage.

Sharon Yee lives in Taiwan. She has an apartment near the National Museum. She likes to walk to the museum. Sometimes two or three friends go with her. At the museum, she learns about her country’s past.

All the underlined pronouns take the place of the noun Sharon Yee. The noun Sharon Yee is called the referent because the pronouns refer to it.

Figure Skating

Figure skating is a special kind of ice skating. It is very popular sport in many countries. Every year, skating contests are shown on television. People around the world watch them and cheer for their favorite skates.

Figure Skating

Figure skating is a special kind of ice skating. It is very popular sport in many countries. Every year, skating contests are shown on television. People around the world watch them and cheer for their favorite skates.

1. Anita and Helena couldn’t find their car in the parking lot at the mall. That is why they were so late for dinner.

2. Early photographers had to carry film and heavy equipment everywhere they went. And this did not stop them.

3. In a small town, a tornado can destroy an entire street of homes and stores. Many families lose their homes. The government tries to help them when this happens.

1. Anita and Helena couldn’t find their car in the parking lot at the mall. That is why they were so late for dinner.

2. Early photographers had to carry film and heavy equipment everywhere they went. And this did not stop them.

3. In a small town, a tornado can destroy an entire street of homes and stores. Many families lose their homes. The government tries to help them when this happens.

Synonyms are different words or phrases that refer to the same idea.

A writer uses synonyms to tie ideas together.

Synonyms: General and specific

Sam and Susan Diamond visited London, Edinburgh, and Glasgow last year. They enjoyed the many museums in those cities. It was their first visit to that part of the world.

1. Specific : “London, Edinburgh, Glasgow

2. Less specific : “those cities”

3. General : “that part of the world”

Put the following synonyms in order from specific to general.

1. plant flower rose

2. place Montreal city

1. Chris was born in London, but she lives in Glasgow now. She has learned to love Scotland. It is her home now.

2. The president of the city council gave a long speech. As a leader, she has to plan many new projects.

3. Lemons, limes, and oranges are all delicious to eat. These citrus fruits are also healthy for you. They are a good source of vitamin C.

1. Chrys was born in London, but she lives in Glasgow now. She has learned to love Scotland. It is her home now.

2. The president of the city council gave a long speech. As a leader, she has to plan many new projects.

3. Lemons, limes, and oranges are all delicious to eat. These citrus fruits are also healthy for you. They are a good source of vitamin C.

Using the context is one way to build up our vocabulary.

That’s the way -

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suffixes

These words have two parts. The first part is the root word. The second part is the suffix. Find the suffix for each group of words. Then write the root words.

1. sleeping thinking standing working

Suffix : _______