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1
1.1
1.1.1
2
RBI
109 133 156
3
1.1.2
(1)
(2)
(3) 1 8
49.3
490 ()
(4)
4
(5)
20
7
(6)
2~3
(7)
(8) (Mechanical integrityMI)
5
1.2
1.2.1
(ASME)(API)
(OSHA)
API ASME RBI
ASME 1994 RBI
(ASME RBI for power plant Vol.3 1994) API 1996
API581 ASME 1999 RBI
(RBI guidelines for pressure systems)API BRD 581 2000
API 510()API 570()
API 653() RBI
API 581
RBI
RBI
RBI
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
6
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
RBI 1.1
RBI
RBI
7
1.2.2
(1)
1994RBI
RBI
RBI
1998
(As low as reasonable practice ALARP)
RBI
(2)
1840
RBI 6
12
(3)
RBI
8
RBI
RBI ()
RBI ()
6 24 2 8
(4)
RBI RBI
5 RBI
8
1.2.3
()
(API) API
510
(A) (long-term)
(short-term)
10 (B) 10
RBI RBI (pressure vessel
engineer) (authorized pressure vessel
inspector)(review)(approve)
API 510 RBI (A) API
580
9
()
(B)RBI API 580
(C) RBI
(1)
(2)(3)
(4)
1.2.4
10
(Recommendationa For Risk Improvement)
AOM
MARSH
(A)(B)
:
(C)(D) ISO
ISO9001
(E)
(F)
(G)
:
API 2510A(H)(RBI)
(PMI)
11
1.2.5
(1) RBI
RBI
RBI
(2)
(Damage mechanism
DM)
12
1.3
1.4
(
)
1.5
13
Risk based inspection (RBI)
American petroleum institute (API)
American society of mechanical engineer
(ASME)
Occupational safety and health associate
(OSHA)
Europe pressure equipment research
council (EPERC)
Risk Based Inspection and Maintenance
Procedures (RBIMAP)
As low as reasonably practicable
(ALARP)
Engineering Equipment and Materials
Users Association (EEMUA)
Hazard analysis and operability
(HAZOP)
Damage mechanism DM
Functional safety
Damage type
Thinning
General metal loss
Local Thin Area
Pitting
Surface connected cracking
Subsurface cracking
Microfissuring or microvoid
Metallurgical changes
Dimensional changes
Blistering
14
Material properties changes
Corrosion
Stress corrosion cracking
Embrittlement
Fatique
Step-wise cracking
Erosion
Cavitation
Creep
Stress rupture
Spheroidization
Graphitization
Nitriding
Criticality Analysis (CA)
Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA)
Risk management program (RMP)
Good engineering practice
American National Standards Institute
(ANSI)
National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA)
American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM)
Instrument Society of America (ISA)
Safety integrity level (SIL)
Process safety management (PSM)
Probability of failure on demand (PFD)
Safe failure fraction (SFF)
User-approved safety (UAS)
15
Mean time between failure (MTTF)
Diagnostic coverage (DC)
Mean time to repair (MTTR)
Proof test interval
Logic solver
Fault tolerance
Fault tree analysis
Reliability block diagram
Markov models
Non destructive testing (NDT)
National associate of corrosion engineer
(NACE)
Fit for service (FFS)
Chemical process quantitative risk
analysis (CPQRA)
Indices
Individual risk
Societal Risk
Fatal accident rate (FAR)
Boiling liquid expanding and vapor
explosion (BLEVE)
Fire ball
Confined explosion
Flash fire
Pool fire
Jet fire
Unconfined vapor cloud explosion
(UVCE)
Deflagration
16
Detonation
Maximum allowable working pressure
(MAWP)
Visual inspection (VT)
Dye penetrant inspection (PT)
Magnetic particle inspection (MT or
MPI)
Eddy current (ET)
Radiography (RT)
Conventional ultrasonic testing (UT)
Alternating current field measurement
technique (ACFM)
Alternating current potential drop
technique (ACPD)
Ultrasonic time of flight diffraction
/Automated ultrasonic pulse-echo
technique
Ultrasonic continuous monitoring
technique
Spark testing technique
17
2.1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(5)
18
(1)
(2)
(
)
(3)
(4)
HAZOP
19
(5)
2.2
(Damage mechanismDM)
20
(Functional
safety)
PDCA
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
21
( 2.2.12.2.2)
( 2.2.3)
( 2.2.4)
( 2.3)
( 2.3)
( 2.2.12.3.7)
( 2.3.32.2.5)
:
:
/
( 2.3.4)
( 2.3.6)
( 2.3.7.2
)
( 2.3)
22
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1. ( )
2.
3.
4.
5.
( )
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
23
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1.
2. ( )
3.
4.
5. ( )
1. ( )
(
)
2. (
)
3.
( )
24
1. ( HAZ)
( )
1.1
2. (
) (
)
3.
4.
2.2.1
25
(1)
(2)
26
(3)
(4)
(5)
(Coating)(Lining)
pH
(6)
27
(7):
2.2.2
(1)
PFD
(2)
28
()
()
(Lining)
(3)
(Head)
2.2.3
2.2.3.1
(1)
8 (
)
29
(Damage type) (Characteristics)
1 (Thinning)
(General)(Local)
(Pitting)
2 (Surface
connected cracking)
3 (Subsurface cracking)
4
(Microfissuring / microvoid)
5 (Metallurgical
changes)
(Metal
microstructure)
6 (Dimensional
changes)
7 (Blistering)
8 (Material properties
changes)
30
(2)(Damage mechanisms)
(Thinning)(General)(Local)
(Pitting)
(HCL corrosion)
(Organic chlorides corrosion)
(Inorganic chlorides corrosion)
(Organic sulfur corrosion)
(CO2)
/(Naphthenic acid corrosion)
(Sour water corrosion)
(Sulfuric acid corrosion)
(Hydrofluoric acid corrosion)
()(Corrosion under insulation/fireproofing)
(Cooling water corrosion)
(Atmospheric corrosion)
(Soil corrosion)
(High temperature oxidation)
(Hot corrosion)
(Flue gas corrosion)
(Dealloying)
(Galvanic corrosion)
(Crevice/underdeposit corrosion)
(Phenol)/NMP
31
(Phosphoric acid corrosion)
(Caustic corrosion)
(Ammonia corrosion)
/(Chlorine/sodium hypochlorite corrosion)
(Biological corrosion)
(Injection point corrosion)
/(Boiler water/condensate corrosion)
(Flue gas dewpoint corrosion)
(3)
(Stress corrosion cracking)
(Amine)
(Ammonia)
(Caustic)
()(Carbonate)
(Chloride)
(H2SxO6Polythionic acid)
(Liquid metal embrittlement)
(Hydrofluoric acid)
(Corrosion fatique)
(4)
(Blistering)
(Sulfide stress cracking)()
32
(Hydrogen induced damage mechanisms)
(Blistering) (Subsurface cracking) (Surface connected cracking) (Dimensional changes)
(Step-wise cracking)
(Surface connected cracking) (Subsurface cracking)
(Stress oriented hydrogen induced crackingSOHIC)
(Microfissuring / microvoid) (Subsurface cracking) (Surface connected cracking)
(Sulfidestress cracking)
(Surface connected cracking)
(HCN)(Cyanide stress cracking)
(Surface connected cracking)
(Hydriding) (Subsurface cracking) (Surface connected cracking) (Metallurgical changes)
(Hydrogen attack) (Microfissuring / microvoid) (Metallurgical changes)(Cracking)
(Hydrogen embrittlement)
(Surface connected cracking) (Material properties changes)
33
(5)
(Erosion)(Cavitation)
(Fatigue)(Creep and stress rupture)
-
-
(Sliding wear)
( Thermal fatigue)
(Corrosion fatigue)
(Creep and stress rupture)
(Microfissuring / microvoid)
(Metallurgical changes)
(Dimensional changes)
(Creep cracking)
34
(Thermal ratcheting)
(Overload plastic collapse)
(Brittle fracture)
(Material properties changes)
(6)
(Incipient melting)(Spheroidization)
(Graphitization)(Nitriding)
35
(Hardening)
Sigma Chi (Embrittlement)
885( ) (Embrittlement)
(Temper Embrittlement)
(Reheat cracking)
(Carbide precipitate embrittlement)
(Carburization)
(Decarburization)
(Metal dusting)
(Nitriding)
(Strain aging)
36
(Softening due to overaging)
(Brittleness due to high temperature aging)
(7)
1.
2. RBI
3. API RP581 API RP571
4.()
37
CUI ()
Chlorides SCC ()
Creep rupture ()
Sulfidation ()
Caustic SCC ()
Creep cracks ()
HCL Acid ()
HIC/SOHIC ()
Vibration fatigue ()
Caustic ()
HTHA ()
Thermal fatigue ()
H2/H2S (/)
Wet H2S ()
Oxidation ()
H2 embrittlement ()
1
2
3 PH
4
5 ( 130)
6 CUI
:-4C~120 :60~204
7
8
9 H2S
10
11
12 (>HB200) PWHT
13
38
14
15 PWHT
16
17 Nerson Curve C-0.5Mo
18 ()
304S.S 425~815
19 0.4TM
20 TAN>0.5200~400
21 550~850
22 (2.25Cr-0.5Mo) 370~580
23
24 HKHP
25 /5651.25Cr1Mo6355Cr-0.5Mo6509Cr-Mo70018Cr-8Ni870
26 200
27
28 /(>200 )
29 (>200 ) /
30
39
2.2.3.2
(CR)
(LR)
(1)(CR)
CR = t/Y---------------------------------------------------(1)
t Y (mm)
Y ()
(2)(LR)
LR = (t ta)/CR--------------------------------------------------(2)
LR()
t(mm)
ta(mm)
CR(mm)
P = a LR 10 ---------------(3)
a= fefcfm
fe
fc
()
fm]
fefcfm
40
(TEAM WORK)
(A) fe:
(B) fc:
(C) fm: ISO18000
Fe
Fc
Fm
-----
----
----ISO18000-
Fe
Fc
Fm
Fe
Fc
Fm
-----
----
----ISO18000-
41
(1)
(2)()
(
)
(3)
(ta)
83
(t)
93
(t)
t=93
-83
YCR=t/Y
LR=t-ta/CR
fe fc fma=fe*fc*fm
(P)
D1501 31.0 3.2 28 31.0 30.9 -0.10 10 -0.01 310 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.57 10
D1502 29.0 3.2 26 29.0 29.1
10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10
E1300 20.0 3.2 17 20.0 20.2
10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10
E1402A 33.0 3.2 30 33.0 33.1
10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10
E1402B 33.0 3.2 30 33.0 33.0
10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10
E1404 22.0 3.2 19 22.0 21.8 -0.20 10 -0.02 150 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10E1412 20.0 3.2 17 20.0 19.7 -0.30 10 -0.03 96.67 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10E1413 20.0 3.2 17 20.0 19.4 -0.60 10 -0.06 43.33 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10E1416 10.0 3.2 6.8 10.0 9.8 -0.20 10 -0.02 150 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10
E1506A 35.0 3.2 32 35.0 35.0
10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10
E1506B 35.0 3.2 32 35.0 35.0
10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10
E1602 12.0 3.2 8.8 12.0 11.4 -0.60 10 -0.06 43.33 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10E1702 29.0 3.2 26 29.0 28.9 -0.10 10 -0.01 310 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.73 10E1707 33 0 3 2 30 33 0 32 7 0 30 10 0 03 96 67 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 73 10
(P)
(ta)
83
(t)
93
(t)
t=93
-83
YCR=t/Y
LR=t-ta/CR
fe fc fma=fe*fc*fm
(P)
D1501 31.0 3.2 28 31.0 30.9 -0.10 10 -0.01 310 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.57 10
D1502 29.0 3.2 26 29.0 29.1
10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10
E1300 20.0 3.2 17 20.0 20.2
10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10
E1402A 33.0 3.2 30 33.0 33.1
10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10
E1402B 33.0 3.2 30 33.0 33.0
10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10
E1404 22.0 3.2 19 22.0 21.8 -0.20 10 -0.02 150 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10E1412 20.0 3.2 17 20.0 19.7 -0.30 10 -0.03 96.67 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10E1413 20.0 3.2 17 20.0 19.4 -0.60 10 -0.06 43.33 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10E1416 10.0 3.2 6.8 10.0 9.8 -0.20 10 -0.02 150 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10
E1506A 35.0 3.2 32 35.0 35.0
10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10
E1506B 35.0 3.2 32 35.0 35.0
10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10
E1602 12.0 3.2 8.8 12.0 11.4 -0.60 10 -0.06 43.33 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10E1702 29.0 3.2 26 29.0 28.9 -0.10 10 -0.01 310 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.73 10E1707 33 0 3 2 30 33 0 32 7 0 30 10 0 03 96 67 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 73 10
(P)
42
()
(4)
(ta)
43
44
2.2.4
HAZOP
HAZOP
()
( API571API581API579
)
45
(Criticality Analysis CA)
(Failure Rate)
46
(P&IDs)
47
(Vessel Drum Knockout Pot)
(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Plugged) (Coil Leak) (Coil Rupture) (Coil Fouled)
(Reactor)
(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Liner Cracked) (Coil Leak) (Coil Rupture) (Coil Fouled) O-ring Mixer Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor
Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor
Sensor Sensor
(Scrubber Column)
(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Tray Rupture) (Tray Plugged) (Packed Bed Plugged) (Bed Support Collapsed)
48
(Contacting Surface Fouled) (Electrostatic Plate Fails off) (Electrostatic Plate Shorted) (Electrostatic Plate Fouled)
/ (Pump/Motor)
(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Fails to Start) (Fails off While Running) (Started Prematurely) (Operates too Long) ( / ) (Operates at
Degraded Head/Flow Performance: too Fast too Slow etc)
/ (Blower/Fan)
(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Fails to Start) (Fails off While Running) (Started Prematurely) (Operates too Long) ( / ) (Operates at
Degraded Head/Flow Performance: too Fast too Slow etc)
/ (Valves/Dampers)
(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Internal Leak)
49
(Plugged) (Fails to Open) (Fails to Close) (Fails to Change Position) (Spurious Positioning) (Opens Prematurely) (Closes Prematurely)
(Filter/Strainer)
(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Internal Element Rupture) (Element Plugged)
(Relief Devices)
(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Plugged) (Fails to Open on Demand) (Fails to Re-seat) (Opens Prematurely) (Closes Prematurely)
(Flame Arrestor)
(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Mesh Plugged) (Mesh Ruptured)
(Sensor Element)
(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Tap Plugged) (Fails with No Output Signal) (Fails with a Low Output
Signal) (Fails with a High Output
Signal) (Fails to
Respond to an Input Change) (Spurious Output Signal)
(Sensor Switch)
(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Tap Plugged) (Fails Open)
50
(Fails Close) (Activates at a Lower
Set-point) (Activates at a Higher
Set-point) / (Transmitter/Transducer)
(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Tap Plugged) (Fails with No Output Signal) (Fails with a Low Output
Signal) (Fails with a High Output
Signal) (Fails to
Respond to an Input Change) (Spurious Output Signal)
// (Gauges/Indicators/Recorders)
(Fails with No Output Signal) (Fails with a Low Output
Signal) (Fails with a High Output
Signal) (Fails to
Respond to an Input Change) (Spurious Output Signal)
2.8
(
)
(A)
:
51
(B):
(C)
( ISO 18000)
()
A
2000
B 1000 2000
C 500 1000
D 500
E
1
2
3
4
5
52
1 2 3 4 5
A 1 1 2 3
B 1 2 3 4
C 3 3 4 4
D 4 4 4 4
E
1
2
3
53
1 3 3
2 3 3
3
4
FMEA
54
: : :
: : : :
55
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) (2)
56
(1)
(2) ()(
..)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
57
()
1.(
)
3.
2.
4.Fail Safe
1. SOP
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
1. SOP
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
4.
1.
2. SOP
3.
4.
58
2.2.5
()
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(1)(2)(3)(4)
(Basic process control system BPCs) (Safety
instrumentation system SIS)(1)
(2)
()
:
59
(())
(())
(())
TI
LI
(()) (())
(()) (())
(()) (())
TI
LI
TI
LI
(OSHA) 1992
(PSM) 1996 (RMP)
60
(good engineering
practice) American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME)
American Petroleum Institute(API) American National Standards
Institute(ANSI) National Fire Protection Association(NFPA)
American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM) 1996
(Instrument Society of America ISA)
(ANSI/ISA S84.01-1996)
1997 (American National
Standards Institute ANSI)ANSI/ISA S84.01-1996
(OSHA)
(PSM)
(RMP)
(Safety integrity level SIL)
(OSHA)(PSM)
61
IEC
61511(2003) IEC 61508(2000) ISA-TR84.00.02(2002)
(Functional safety)
(PFD)
SIL
62
(Safety Integrity Level)
(Availability Required)
(Probability to Fail on Demand)
() (1/PFD)
4 >99.99% E-005 to E-004 100000 to 10000 3 99.90-99.99% E-004 to E-003 10000 to 1000 2 99.00 - 99.90% E-003 to E-002 1000 to 100 1 90.00 - 99.00% E-002 to E-001 100 to 10
SIL
SIL
4
(Catastrophic Community Impact)
3
(Employee and Community Impact)
2
(Major Property and Production Protection. Possible Injury to employee)
1
(Minor Property and Production Protection)
63
(SIS)
SIL
(Probability of failure on demand PFD)
PFD SIL
64
(1)
PFD/PID
(
)
PES 2.7
510-2(1/Yr) 510-7(1/Yr)
() 200
(1/510-3)PES 500 (1/210-3)
PES SIL
SIL
(2) SIL
SIL
Risk Level5*10-2 (1/Yr)
(before)
Probability of Failureon Demand (PFD)
2*10-3
Probability of Failureon Demand (PFD)
5*10-3
Risk Level5*10-7 (1/Yr)
(after)
PES
PES(IPL)
SIL
Risk Level5*10-2 (1/Yr)
(before)
Probability of Failureon Demand (PFD)
2*10-3
Probability of Failureon Demand (PFD)
5*10-3
Risk Level5*10-7 (1/Yr)
(after)
PES
PES(IPL)
SIL
65
SIL
SIL
SIL SIL
SIL
RiskConsequence Frequency-----------------------------(4)
Risk
R
Consequence
(
)
C
Frequency
F
SIL
C: EUC EUC
(
66
)
E:
P:
O:(
)
SIL
(ABCDEF
GH) SIL
///
(Risk reduction) SIL
SIL
PES
A PES
B C 1
D 2
E F 3
G 4
H PES
67
SIL
O 3 O 2 O 1
A
B A
C B A
D C B
E D C
F E D
G F E
H G F
S IL
C 1
C 2
C 3
C 4
E 1
E 2
E 1
E 2
P 1
P 2
P 1
P 2
O 3 O 2 O 1
A
B A
C B A
D C B
E D C
F E D
O 3 O 2 O 1
A
B A
C B A
D C B
E D C
F E D
G F E
H G F
S IL
C 1
C 2
C 3
C 4
E 1
E 2
E 1
E 2
P 1
P 2
P 1
P 2
68
/ C1 500 C2 1
1
500 1000
C3 2
1000 2000
C4 2000
E1 1 () E2 1
P1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. EUC EUC
P2
69
()
O1 1.
( PES Hydraulic Pneumatic) EUC
EUC
PES SIL
2. EUC
O2
O3
(3)
Sensor Subsystem(Sensors and input interface) Logic Subsystem
Final element Subsystem(Output interface and
final elements)
70
10011002 2002
1002D 2003
(Safe failure fraction SFF)
UAS(User-Approved Safety)
MTTF
DC
MTTR
(Proof test interval)
(Logic Solver) SIL
PFD
(Fault tolerance N)
(A B )
(4) PFDSIL
PFD Fault Tree Analysis Reliability
Block Diagram Markov Models
PFD
PFD
SIL
SIL
SIS Architectures
(Sensors)
71
PES (Input Modules)
SIS (Logic solver)
PES (Output Modules)
(Final control elements)
UAS(User-Approved Safety)
(5)
PFD SIL
PFD
SIL
(6)
96 05 09
(A) 8
http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/newsdetail.asp?no=1D0120025http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/newsdetail.asp?no=1D0120025http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D01200258http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D01200258http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D01200258
72
(B) 13
http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002513http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002513http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002513
73
(C) 14
(D) 21
http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002514http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002514http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002514http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002521http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002521http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002521
74
(E) 25
(F) 28
A B
http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002525http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002525http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002525http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002528http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002528http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002528
75
(G) 30
http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002530http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002530http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002530
76
(H) 31
()
(I) 37
(J) 68
http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002531http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002531http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002531http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002537http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002537http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002537http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002568http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002568http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002568
77
L1 L4
L1 L4
(K) 70
http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002570http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002570http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002570
78
CNS
(L) 72
(M) 73- 1
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79
2.2.6
80
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
81
(6)
2.3
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
82
/
3
6~9
/
3
6~9
~
2.3.1 ()
(1)
3
95 10
3
0920054383
83
(2)
2.10
C6H12O --> C6H11O1/2H2---------------------(5)
(T-250)
(B-250)(R-201)
200 1(KG/CM2G)
40
(C-201) 40(V-203)
(V-203)
R-201C-201
V-203
(3)
(Material safety datasheet MSDS)
P&ID
84
EM
TV
T-250 B-250
R-201
Coolant in
Coolant out
C-201
V-203
202201
203
204
205
206
207
209
210
208
211
85
( ) ( )
(Vol)
(Vol)
161 (0.95)
(3.46)
68 100 2.4 300
157 (0.95)
(3.38)
44 99 1.1 9.4 420
-253 (0.07) 2 4 75 574
86
(KG/CM2G)
(KG/HR)
201
79 2 2000 100 PSV-201
FIC-201
202
60 2 2000 100 PSV-202
203
50 1 2000 100 PSV-203
204
60 2 2000 100 PSV-204/205
TAHH-202
TIC-201
205 / 200 1.5 2500 40
30 30
87
(KG/CM2G)
(KG/HR)
206 50 1.2 1900 60
40
PSV-206
207
50 1 1900 60
40
LIC-201
LAHH-201
LALL-201
208
50 1.2 600 50
50
PSV-206
209 60 2 500 PSV-207
210
350 16.5 200 PSV-208
211 3 5 2300 PSV-209
88
(4)
(Melting temperature Tm)
0.5
( )
(KG/CM2G)
R-201 Inner wall: SA234-WPB
Outter wall: SA234-WPB
Inner wall: 500
Outter wall:500
Inner wall: 20
Outter wall:20
C-201 Shell side/Head: SA-106-B
Tube side: SA-106-B
350 5
V-203 Shell: SA-516-70
Head: SA-516-70
100 0.71
3
89
( ) (KG/CM2G)
220 188 200 17 2 1 1.5 0.1
63 38 50 12 1.8 0.8 1.2 0.1
62 40 50 11 1.2 0.5 1 0.05
(5)
2.3.2 ()
(1)()
(V-203)
()(2)
90
R-201 ASME Sec.8 Div.1 2002
C-201 ASME Sec.8 Div.1 2002
V-203 ASME Sec.8 Div.1 2002
(3)
()
()
R-201 1 2 1
C-201 1 3 0
V-203 1 3 1
(4)
91
(Coating)
(Coating)
(Lining)
(Cladding)
R-201
C-201
V-203
(5)
()
2.3.3 ()
(1)
(2)
(TIC-201)
(TAH-202)
DCS (HMI) DCS
92
(FIC-202/203) DCS
(TAH-203) DCS
(HMI) DCS
(LIC-201)
(FIC-204)
DCS (HMI) DCS
(3)
(TAHH-202)
(TAHH-203)
(LAHH-201)
93
(PAHH-201)
SIL
(TAHH-202)
2
(TAHH-203) 1
EM
TV
T-250 B-250
R-201
Coolant in
Coolant out
C-201
V-203
(Logic Solver)
TT
TT
LT
PT
94
SIL
(LAHH-201)
1
(PAHH-201)
1
2.3.4 ()
2.3.4.1
1.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)()
(10)
2.
95
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
3.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
2.3.4.2
1.:
(
)
96
()
()
()
2.3.4.3
()
()
()
2.3.4.4
2.3.4.5
()
()
97
2.3.4.6
(
)
2
2.3.4.7
2.3.4.8
1.
(
~)
(1)-
(2)-
(3)-
(4)-
(5)-
(6)-
(7)-
98
2.
(1)
NDT
(2)
A.
B.
C.
D.
(3)
()
99
A.
(FFS)
B.
C.
3.
(1)
(20%)
(20%)
(2)
(3)
100
(4)
(5)
(6)
4.
(1) :
(2):
101
(3):
(A)NT$ 400
NT$ 400
(B)20 NT$ 50
NT$ 50 20 NT$
1000
(C)(NT$ 400 NT$
1000 )6NT$ 233
(D)
NT$ 70
(E)(4)(5)
NT$ 233 NT$ 70 NT$ 163
2.3.5 ()
2.3.5.1
(
)1.
2.
3.
2.3.5.2 (
)
V-203
()(CR)
102
(LR)
(1)(CR)
CR = t/Y------------------------------------------------(6)
t Y (mm)
Y ()
92 3 94 4 CR
= (22.3 21.5)/2 = 0.4 (mm)
(2)(LR)
LR = (t ta)/CR------------------------------------------------(7)
LR()
t(mm) = 21.5mm
ta(mm) = 16.5mm
CR(mm)
CR (0.4 mm)
LR = (21.5 16.5)/0.4 = 12.5 ()
V-203
0
5
10
15
20
25
(mm)
22.3 21.5
22.5 21.7
22.6 22.3
22.1 22.2
16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5
92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108
103
2.3.5.3
2.3.5.4
2.3.5.5
2.3.5.6
(
)
2.3.6 ()
2.3.6.1
2.3.6.2
1.(R-201)(
)(V-203)(
)2.3.6.3
2.3.7
()
104
()
105
106
KG/CM2G
( )
1 R-201 Inner wall: ST35BI
Outter wall: WSTE36
1.5 200 H2H2O
2 C-201 Shell side/Head:
DIN H
Tube side:
DIN ST37.81
1.2 50 H2H2O
3 V-203 Shell:RST37-2
Head: RST37-2
1 50 H2O
V-203
V-203
V-203
/
1 V-203
2
50~200
3
107
V-203
4
50~200
5
(-4~120 ) : :
50~200
6
7
8
9
10 (HE)
149 oC
11
12
2.3.7.1
()
108
1
10
APIASME
CNS
1
2
12.5
APIASME
CNS
1
3
APIASME
CNS
1
4
API-RP527
API CNS9969
1
5
10
(1)
(5ppm)
(2)
(5ppm) 6
(3)
VOC
(5ppm)
7
(
)
1.()
(1)
109
UT (
Level 1 Level 2 )
V-203
A~H WL1 ( 60%) 12.5 6 ( I~N)
1
V-203
A F
B G
C H
D
E I~N
WL1
110
(V-203)
(2)()
()
UT (
Level 1 Level 2 )
WC1
WL1
PN
N1N2
N3
N5
N6M1
N7N4
N8N9
WC2
A
B
C DE F
G
H
L I
J
K
M
N
111
V-203
(WC1/WC2 WL1 ) 12.5 WC1 WC2 WL1
1
112
WC1
WL1
PN
N1N2
N3
N5
N6M1
N7N4
N8N9
WC2
WC1
WL1
(V-203)
(3)
MT (
Level 1 Level 2 )
113
V-203 2.16 N1 N8
(4)
2.
3.
(1)
CNS9969 API-RP527
114
(2)
ISO DCS
(ISO-20-22)
DCS
V-203 (TAHH-202)(TAHH-203)(LAHH-201)(PAHH-201)
(3)
ISO
(ISO-20-23)
DCS
(
)
115
V-203
(TAHH-202)(TAHH-203)(LAHH-201)(PAHH-201) ()
ISO
(ISO-20-23)
4.
5.
10
6.
(1)(2)(3) VOC
116
(
)( VOC
)
(1)
(2)
(5ppm)
(3) VOC VOC
(1000ppm)
(1)
(2)
(3) VOC
7.
1.1 (10.0kg/cm2) 1
0.5kg/cm2
117
1
8.
1
118
2.3.7.2
1.
(FFS)
119
2.
(1)
(2)
RBI
(3)
(4)
120
bypass
50 100 80 V-203
1 kg/cm2G 1.71 kg/cm2G 1.4 kg/cm2G
2.3.7.3
1.
121
V-203
(mm)
(mm)
(mm) 94 4 92 3
A 15.6 22.0 21.6 21.6
B 15.6 22.0 21.5 21.7
C 16.5 22.0 22.3 21.5
D 16.5 22.0 22.5 21.7
E 16.5 22.0 22.6 22.3
F 16.5 22.0 22.1 22.2
G 15.6 22.0 21.7 22.3
H 15.6 22.0 21.5 22.3
2.38 (
)
(1)(CR)
CR = t/Y--------------------------------------------------(8)
t Y (mm)
Y ()
92 3 94 4 CR
= (22.3 21.5)/2 = 0.4 (mm)
(2)(LR)
122
LR = (t ta)/CR----------------------------------------------------(9)
LR()
t(mm) = 21.5mm
ta(mm) = 16.5mm
CR(mm)
CR (0.4 mm)
LR = (21.5 16.5)/0.4 = 12.5 ()
(3) P a
P = a LR10 a = fe fc fm-------------------(10)
P() P > 10
LR()
a
fe = 0.9 ()
fc = 0.7 ()
fm = 0.8 ()
a = fe fc fm = 0.9 0.8 0.7 = 0.504
P = a LR = 0.504 12.5 = 6.310
P 6
2.
(1)
123
(2)
3.
(
)
124
V-203
R-201
C-201
4.
/
()
()
()
()
V-203 8 6.3 5
R-201 8 5.4 5
C-201 5.2 5
125
3.1
()()
(1) (Activity Frequencyf)
(2) (Incident Probability P)
(3) (Incident Consequence C)
(4) R=F(fP)Cn n1-----------------(11)
n
(Impact)
P C
n C ()
126
()
(As Low As Reasonably
Practicable ALARP)
()
()
Consequence Frequency
RISK
or
Consequence Frequency
RISK
or
127
(/108)
() 4
0-15
1-3
3
8
10
12
45
67
(16-65 ) 1
5
57
(Kletz"The Risk Equations-What Risks Should We Run")
3.2
(Chemical
process quantitative risk analysis CPQRA)
(1)
(2)
128
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
129
3.3
(Idividual
Risk)
(Indices)
(Individual Risk)(Societal Risk)
1.(Indices) (Equivalent Social Cost Index)
(Fatal Accident Rate)
108
(Individual Hazard Index)
FAR
(Average Rate of Death)
(Mortality Index)
2.(Individual Risk) (Individual Risk Contour)
130
(Individual Risk Profile)
(Maximum Individual Risk)
(Average Individual Risk [exposed population])
(Average Individual Risk [total population])
3.(Societal Risk) (Societal Risk Curve [F-N Curve])
N (N N )
As Low As Really Achievable ALARA
131
As Low As Reasonably Practicable
ALARP
ALARP
ALARP
(HSE. The tolerability of risk from nuclear power stations.
London: Health and Safety Executive 1992)
(ALARP)
ALARP
10-3~-4/Yr
10-6/Yr
Unacceptableregion
The ALARP ortolerability region(risk is undertakenonly if benefits isdesired)
Broadly acceptableregion
Negligible risk
132
Risk Indices
Individual Risk IRSocietal Risk SR
(1)Fatal Accident Rate FAR
FAR
108
108 1000
50 250 8
FAR/ 108
(2)Individual Risk Contour
5x10-4/
5x10-4/
Individual Risk Contour
133
(3)Societal Risk Curve or F-N Curve
F-N
N F N
134
(Individual Risk)
DOW F& EI
()
x y
ifiiyxPfIR
,,,= -----------------------------------------(12)
f i= I Yr-1
Pfi= I x y
fi
fi=FI Poi PocI------------------------------------------------(13)
FI= I( i)
(Fault Tree Analysis)Yr-1
135
Poi= I i
Poci= I i i
BLEVE()
(P o i)
(Poc i)(P o i Poc i)(Event
Tree Analysis)
=
=n
iiyxyx IRIR
1,,, ---------------------------------------------(14)
FAR 2
PfIPfI
(1) (Effect Model)
(Probability Unit Pr)
Pr=a+b 1n--------------------------------------------(15)
a b
(a)
)10
ln(56.29.14Pr 43/4tI
+= -----------------------------(16)
t=sec
I=w/m2
136
(b)
Pr=-77.1+6.91 ln Ops-----------------------------------(17)
Ops=Pa lpsi=6.9 Kpa
(c)
Pr=a+b ln(Cnt)---------------------------------------------(18)
t=min
C=ppm
a b n ()
(a b n)
a b c
-35.9 1.85 2
-109.78 5.3 2
-8.29 0.92 2
-31.42 3.008 1.43
-15.67 2.10 1
(2) Pr ()
137
(P %)(Pr)
P % Pr 0.1 1.91 0.5 2.42 1 2.67 5 3.36 10 3.72 20 4.16 30 4.48 40 4.75 50 5.00 60 5.25 70 5.52 80 5.84 90 6.28 95 6.64 99 7.33
99.5 7.58 99.9 8.00
3.4
(1)(2)
(3)
3.4.1
(/)
(1)
(2)
138
(3)
(4) :
A-
B:C:D:E:F:
10
(m/s)
6 C D D
139
140
141
3.4.2
(unconfined vapor
cloud explosion UVCE)(boiling liquid expending
vapor explosion BLEVE)(fire ball)(pool fire)
(jet fire)
(Overpressure)
(Confined Explosion)
()
(Flash Fire)
(Pool Fire)(Jet Fire)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
142
3.4.2.1 (UVCE)
(1)
UVCE
72% 23%
(Deflagration)(Detonation)
(Thermal Expansion)
(Turbulence)
UVCE
UVCE
UVCE
1 15
100
UVCE
(Burning Rate) UVCE
UVCE
UVCE 1 bar (15 psi)
(2)
(Upper and Lower Flammable LimitsUFL
LFL)
143
(Flash Point)
(Auto Ignition Temperature)
(Heat of Combustion)
(Molecular Weight)
(Combustion Stoichiometry)
LEL
Flash Fire
LFL
UVCE TNT TNT
(Explosion Yield Factor)
(TNT)
TNT
TNTEcMEcW = ---------------------------------------------(19)
WTNT TNT kg 1b
Mkg 1b
0.01~0.1
Ec(KJ/kg Btu/1b)
EcTNTTNT (4437~4765KJ/kg 1943~2049Btu/1b)
144
Substances With Yicld Factors of Y=.03 Acetaldehyde 3-Methyl-Butene-1
Acctone Methyl-Butyl-Ketone Acrylonitrile Methyl Chloride
Amyl Alcobol Methyl-Ethyl-Ketone Benzene Methyl Formate
13-Butadiene Methyl Mercaptan Butene-1 Methyl-Propyl-Ketone
Carbon Monoxide Monochlorobenzene Cyanogen N-Amyl Acetatee
11-Dichloroethane Naphthalene 12-Dichloroethane N-Butane
Di-Methyl Ether N-Butyl Acetate Dimethyl Sulphide N-Decane
Ethane N-Heptane Ethanol N-Hexane
Ethyl Acetate N-Pentane Ethylamine N-Propanol
Ethyl Benzene N-Propyl Acetate Ethyl Chloride O-Dichlorobenzene
Ethyl Cyclohexane P-Cymene Ethyl Format Petroleum Ethere
Ethyl Proprionate Phthalic Anhydride Furfural Alcohol Propane
Hydrocyanic Acid Proprional dehyde Hydrogen Propylene
Hydrogen Sulphide Propylene Dichloride Iso-Butyl Alcohol P-Xylene
Isobutylene Styrene Iso-Octane Tetrafluroethylene
Iso-Propyl Alcohol Toluene Methalamine Vinyl Acetate
Methane Vinyl Chloride Methanol Vinylidene Chloride
Methyl Acetane Water Gas
Substances With Yield Factors of Y=.06 Acrolein Ethylene
Carbon Disulphide Ethyl Nitrile Cycclohexane Methyl-Vinyl-Ether Di-Ethyl Ether Phthalic Anhydride Di-Vinyl Ether Propylene Oxide
Substances With Yield Factors of Y=.19
145
Substances With Yield Factors of Y=.19 Acetylene Isopropyl Nitrate
Ethylene Oxide Methyl Acetylene Ethyl Nitrate Nitromethane
Hydrazine Vinyl Acetylene
TNT
/
TNT (
TNT [11]AIChE in
conjunction with The Process Safety Institute and JBF AssociatesInc(1994). Safety Analysis & Risk Assessment for
Chemical Process Industry Practioners Course3Consequence
Assessment and Mitigation)
146
TNT(
TNT
[11]AIChE in conjunction with The Process Safety Institute and JBF AssociatesInc(1994). Safety Analysis & Risk Assessment
for Chemical Process Industry Practioners Course3
Consequence Assessment and Mitigation)
3.7/3.8
Z=R/(WTNT)1/3---------------------------------------------------(20)
Z(ft/lbm1/3)
Pr(Psi)
Ps(Psi)
Is
147
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)(TNT)
(5)(/)
3.4.2.2
(1)
()
(corrosion)(errosion)
148
TliquidTliquid boiling point
TliquidTliquid boiling point
80%
(2)
TNT TNT
( 3.6/3.7) V P1
P0
WTNT=1.410-6VP1/P0T0/T1RT1 lnP1/P2-----------(21)
WTNTTNT 1bm
149
V ft3
P1 psia
P2 psia
P0 14.7 psia
T1 R
T0 492(R)
R 1.987 (Btu/1b mole-R)
1.4610-6 2.810-3 lbmole/ft32000 Btu=1
1b TNT
TNT UVCE
(1)
(2)(TNT) WTNT
(3)(/)
3.4.2.3 (BLEVE)(Fireball)
(1)
BLEVE
150
BLEVE
200
BLEVE (Liquid
petroleum gas)
10~20
(2)
BLEVE
BLEVE
(thermal intensity)
(propane) 250 psig
4 4 BLEVE
1200
300~400 psig
BLEVE
(Peak fireball diameter)(m)
Dmax=6.48M0.325-----------------------------(22)
(Fire ball duration)(s)
151
tBLEVE=0.825M0.26---------------------------(23)
(Centeer height of Fire ball)(m)
HBLEVE=0.75Dmax----------------------------(24)
(Initial ground level hemisphere diameter)(m)
Dinitial=1.3Dmax--------------------------------(25)
M (kg)
QR=EF21------------------------------------------------------(26)
QR(kW/m2)
E(surface emitted flux) (kW/m2)
F21
()
=1 20m
20~40% =1
(humidity)
=2.02(PwX)-0.09------------------------------------------(27)
0~1
Pw(Pascals N/m2)
X(m)
(E)
(smoky) BLEVEs (200~350
kW/m2)
0.25~0.4
152
BLEVE2
max
rad
t)D(MHcFE
= ----------------------------------------(28)
E(kW/m2)
MBLEVELPG (kg) (mass of LPG in BLEVE)
Hc(kJ/kg)
Dmax(m)
Frad(0.25~0.4)
tBLEVE(s)
22
21 X4DF = --------------------------------------------------(29)
F21
D
X(m)
BLEVE
(1)
(2)(TNT) WTNT(
WTNT)
(3)(/)
(4)
(5) E(kW/m2)
(6) QR(kW/m2)
153
3.4.2.4 (Confined Explosions)
(1)
(Dust Explosions)(Vapor explosions)
(Explosion
Venting)
(2)
ASME Code
(Maximum allowable working pressure
MAWP)(use of next
available plate thickness)
MAWP 2.5
(deflagration)(detonation)
154
(Hydrogen)(acetylene)(ethylene)
P2(max)/P1=N2T2/N1T1=M1T2/M2T1------------------------------(30)
M
N
T
P
P max(peak value)
1
2
TNT
TNT (/
)
r
r=120(WTNT)1/2-----------------------------------------------(31)
WTNT =TNT kg
155
(Nozzle)
(1)
(2)(
(MAWP))
(3)
(TNT) WTNT
(4)( 3.6/3.7)
3.4.2.5 (Pool Fire)(Jet Fire)
(1)
(Domino effect)
(2)
156
Qx=Efa-----------------------------------------------------------(32)
Qx= x (W/m2)
=
E=(W/m2)
fa=
241faX
= -----------------------------------------------------------(33)
X=(m)
=2.02(PwX)-0.09---------------------------------------------------(34)
0~1
Pw(Pascals N/m2)
X(m)
E =mbHc(b2)/(2bab2)----------------------------------(35)
mb(Kg/m2-sec)
Hc(J/Kg)
b(m)
a(m)
(1)
157
(2)(m)
(3)(m)
(4)(W/m2)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(Gas jet)
Ex=Qth/4D2-------------------------------------------------(36)
Ex = x (KW/m2)
=
Qth=(W/m2)
=
D=
3.4.3
UVCEBLEVE
158
3.4.3.1
API RP 521
(Btu/hr/ft2) KW/m2
320 1.00
500 1.74 60 740 2.33 40 920 2.90 30
1500 4.73 16
2200 6.94 9
3000 9.46 6
3700 11.67 4
6300 19.87 2
159
(kW/m2)
37.5
25
12.5
9.5 8 20
4 20
0%
1.6
500
3.4.3.2
(Explosion effect models)
(1) 5(psig)
(2) 1.5(psig)
(3) 0.7(psig)
(4) 0.3(psig) 10%
160
UVCEs (Positive pressure phase of the
blast wave) 10 100 (ms)
(psig)
0.02 (137dB 10~15Hz)
0.03
0.04 (143dB)
0.1
0.15
0.3 95%10%
0.4
0.5 ~ 1.0
0.7
1.0
1~2
1.3
2
2~3
161
(psig)
2.3
2.5 50%
3 (3000 )
3~4
4
5 (Tall hydraulic press)
5~7
7
7~8 (8~12 )
9
10 (7000 )(12000 )
300
162
3.5
3.5.1
(Exposure Period)
(
)
R(t)1F(t)--------------------------------------------------------------(37)
R(t) t
F(t)
t
F(t)(Probability
Density Function)f(t)
f(t)dF(t)/dt---------------------------------------------------------------(38)
F(t) dt)t(ft
0-----------------------------------------------------------(39)
R(t)1 dt)t(ft
0--------------------------------------------------(40)
R(t) dt)t(ft
------------------------------------------------------(41)
163
3.5.2
(Time-Related)
(Demand-Related):
(t)()
t
(nD)()
nD
106
103
(Standby Generator)
Prob
abili
ty d
ensi
ty
F(t) R(t)
Time to failure
f(t)
t0
164
PUMP
()
()
F[t] ox G[DnD]------------------------------------------------------(42)
time-related failure rate texposure period
Ddemand-related failure rate nDtotal number of demands
F[ ] G[ ]
STANDBY
3.5.3
165
166
()
(AIChE/CCPS)
(1) ()
167
(2)
(3)
(1)(2)
3.5.4
3.5.4
(Failure Mode)
(Failure Cause)
(Failed to start)
(Catastrophic failure)
(Degraded failure)
(Incipient failure)
(1) (Active Equipment)
(2) (Passive Equipment)
168
1.
2.
: 1./ 2. 3. 4.4.
: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
1. 2. 3.
1.
2.
3.
169
1. 2. 3 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
1. 2.
170
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
1. 2. 3.
171
(t)(Bathtub
Curve)(Congenital
Defects) t2
(Accelerating Wear-out)
R(t) f(t) (t)
3.5.5
(Plant-specific data)
(Generic data)
(Judgemental data)
Failu
re ra
te,
(t)
Prob
abili
ty d
ensi
ty, f
(t)R
elia
bilit
y, R
(t)
Tim-in-service, t (or Equipment Age)
t20 t1
1
f(t)
(t)
R(t)
(t)=C
172
3.5.5.1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(t)
(t)(nD)
(nD)
Plant Physical Data
Unit ID
Mission list
(////)
(Y/N)
(////)
(Y/N)
1 2
173
1.() 2.
1. 2. 3.
174
3.5.5.2
(Generic Data)
(1)AIChE/CCPS (Science Applications
International Corporation)
Guidelines for process equipment
reliability data with data tablesISBN0-8169-0422-7
(2)API581
(3)exida
Safety equipment reliability handbook(second edition)
ISBN-100-9727234-1-2
(4)DNV API OREDA(Offshore Reliability Data Book)
Offshore Reliability Data HandbookISBN82 515 0188
1
175
DATA ON SELECTED PROCESS SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
Taxonomy No. 4.3.3.2 Equipment Description PRESSURE - SAFETY RELIEFVALVES - SPRING - LOADED
Operating Mode Process Severity UNKNOWN
Aggregated time in service (106hrs)Population Samples Calendar time Operating time
No. of Demands
Failures (per 106hrs) Failures (per 103 demands)Failure mode Lower Mean Upper Lower Mean UpperCATASTROPHIC a. Scat Leakage b. Fails to Open c. Spurious Operation
c.1 Opens Prematurely 0.275 1.68 4.80 c.2 Failure to Reclose
Once Open 0.127 5.18 22.7
d. Fails to Open on Demand 0.0079 0.212 0.798
DEGRADED a. Interstage Leakage INCIPIENT
Equipment Boundary
DUTLET
INLET
BDUNDARY
176
API581
(1/Yr)
5(mm) 25(mm) 100(mm)
6E-2 5E-4 1E-4
6E-3 5E-4 1E-4
8E-5 2E-4 2E-5 6E-6
1E-3 1E-4
6E-3 6E-4
9E-4 1E-4 5E-5 1E-5
/ 2E-3 3E-4 5E-8 2E-8
4E-5 1E-4 1E-5 6E-6
4E-5 1E-4 1E-5 6E-6
1
0.75
1E-5 3E-7
1 1
5E-6 5E-7
1 2
3E-6 6E-7
1 4
9E-7 6E-7 7E-8
1 6
4E-7 4E-7 8E-8
177
(1/Yr)
5(mm) 25(mm) 100(mm)
1 8
3E-7 3E-7 8E-8 2E-8
1 10
2E-7 3E-7 8E-8 2E-8
1 12
1E-7 3E-7 3E-8 2E-8
1 16
1E-7 2E-7 2E-8 2E-8
1
16
6E-8 2E-7 2E-8 1E-8
4E-5 1E-4 1E-5 6E-6
1E-4 3E-4 3E-5 2E-5
0.7 0.01 0.001 0.001
4E-5 1E-4 1E-5 2E-5
3.5.5.3
Generic Data
Generic Data
Generic Data
Cn
1iiGA f
== ---------------------------------------------(43)
178
A
GGeneric Data
fi i (i1 n)
n
Generic Data
Generic Data 1.910-5/hr
1.071.141.071.071.21 1.69
3.210-5/hr
Generic Data
(fi)
1.07 1.14
1.14 1.28
1.07 1.14
1.14 1.07
1.07 1.07
1.42 1.21
1.21 1.21
1.07 1.07
1.07 1.07
1.07 1.07
1.07 1.07
179
API581
Generic Data
()(Generic Data)FeFm-----------------(44)
Fe
Fm
(1)
()
(2)
(3)
(4)()
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
180
(13)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
181
()
(%)
30
16
12
7
6
4
4
/ 2
19
182
1. RBI RBI
RBI
2.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
3.
(A)
(1)
(2)
(3)
183
(B)
:
(MI)
ISO
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(C)
184
[1] ()
(57 ) 2005.
[2]
(57 ) 2005.
[3]
(57 ) 2005.
[4]
(57 ) 2005.
[5]
(57 ) 2005.
[6]
(57 ) 2005.
[7]
/ 2006
(TRCA 2006 Annual Conference) 2006.
[8] 2005.
[9]
TISCHUK 2004.
[10] AIChE/CCPS (1989). Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis. Center for Chemical Process Safety American Institute of
Chemical Engineers New York.
[11] AIChE in conjunction with The Process Safety Institute and JBF AssociatesInc(1994). Safety Analysis & Risk Assessment for
Chemical Process Industry Practioners Course3Consequence
Assessment and Mitigation.
[12] IEC 61511-1 Functional Safety - Safety Instrumented Systems
185
for the Process Industry Sector - Part 1: Framework definitions
system hardware and software requirements 2003.
[13] IEC 61511-3 Functional Safety - Safety Instrumented Systems
for the Process Industry Sector Part 3: Guidance for the determination of the required safety integrity levels 2003.
[14] IEC 61508-2 Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/
Programmable Electronic Safety-related systemsPart 2:
Requirements for electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems 2000.
[15] IEC 61508-6 Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/
Programmable Electronic Safety-related Systems - Part 6: Guidelines on the application of IEC 61508-2 and IEC 61508-3
2000.
[16] IEC 61508-7 Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/
Programmable Electronic Safety-related Systems - Part 7: Overview of techniques and measures 2000.
[17] IEC 61508-1 Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/
Programmable Electronic Safety-related Systems - Part 1: General requirements 1998.
[18] IEC 61508-3 Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/
Programmable Electronic Safety-related Systems - Part 3: Software requirements 1998.
[19] IEC 61508-5 Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/
Programmable Electronic Safety-related Systems - Part 5:
Examples of methods for the determination of safety integrity levels 1998.
[20] EWICS Guidelines for the Use of Programmable Logic
186
Controllers in Safety-related Systems 1998.
[21] Center for Chemical Process Safety Guidelines for Safety
Automation of Chemical Processes. A.I.Ch.E. New York 1992.
[22] TWI and Royal & Sun Allicance Engineering. Best practice for risk based inspection as a part of plant integrity management Health
Safety Executive(HSE)(Contract Research Report 363/2001).
[23] Brown S.J. (1985). Energy Release Protection for Pressurized
systems. Part I Review of Studies into Blast and Fragmentation. Applied Mechanics Reviews 38 (12 December) 1625-1651.
[24] Risk-Based Inspection API RP580. 2002.
[25] Risk-Based Inspection Base Resource Document API Publication 581. First Edition May 2000.
A(Availability Required)V-203
I~NV-203Plant Physical Data
Recommended