8-formworks and scaffoldings-sarajevo.pdf

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International Burch university

 Architecture departmentSarajevo

Course : Building Construction Technology I

Date : xx / xx / xxxx

LECTURE NO.6

INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING MATERIALS

Building Construction Technology I

Professor : Prof.dr.Nerman Rustempasic

 Assistant : M.Sc. Ahmed El Sayed

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GENERAL

For the different construction activities like Brick work above 5 ft

Surface finishing works like plastering, painting, walling etc.

Renovation, repair and alteration works.

Roof and slab pouring 

Some temporary nature supports and structures are required like

Formwork (Supporting Structure)

Scaffoldings (arrangement for working plate forms)

Shoring (supporting method for unsafe structure)

Underpinning (Method of strengthening an existing 

structure’s footing)

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Definitions

Its is an artificial support provided below and around the precast or cast insitueconcrete work

FORMWORKS

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FORM WORK

Definition

Qualities of formwork Types of formwork

Formwork detail for different structural members

Removal of formwork

Maintenance of formwork

Cost of formwork

Advantages of steel form work

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DEFINITION

Its is an artificial support provided below and around theprecast or cast insitue concrete work.

Formwork is commonly made of

Steel

wood

Formwork construction & casting is of prime importance inconcrete industry. It share a significant amount of concrete

cost.

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QUALITIES OF FORMWORK

It should be water tight

It should be strong 

It can be reusable

Its contact surface should be uniform

It should be according to the size of member.

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TYPES OF FORMWORK

Formwork are mainly of two types Steel formwork

Wooden formwork

Steel formwork is made of steel sheets

Angle Iron Tee Iron

Wooden formwork consists of Props

Planks battens

Ledgers

sheeting 

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FORMWORK DETAIL FOR DIFFERENT

STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

In concrete construction formwork is commonly

provided for the following structural members. Foundations

Wall

Column

Slabs & beams

Stairs

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FORMWORK FOR FOUNDATIONS

Wall foundations

It consists of 

Plywood Sheeting 

Struts

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FORMWORK FOR FOUNDATIONS

ColumnFoundations

It consists of 

Side Supports

Side Planks

Cleats

Side SupportSide Planks

Cleats

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FORMWORK FOR WALL

It consists of

Timber sheeting  Vertical posts

Horizontal members

Rackers

Stakes

Wedges

After completing one

side of formwork

reinforcement is

provided at the place

then the second side

formwork is provided.

Vertical Posts

Struts

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FORMWORK FOR COLUMN

It consists of the

following

Side & End Planks

 Yoke

Nut & Bolts

Two end & two side

planks are joined bythe yokes and bolts.

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FORMWORK FOR SLABS BEAMS

It consists of 

Sole plates Wedges

Props

Head tree

Planks

Batten

Ledgers

Beam formwork restson head tree

Slab form work restson battens and joists

If prop height are morethan 8’ provide

horizontal braces.

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LINTEL OR BEAM FORMWORK

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FORMWORK FOR STAIRS

It consists of

Vertical & inclined

posts

Inclined members

Wooden Planks or

sheeting  Stringer

Riser Planks

Riser Planks

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REMOVAL OF FORMWORK

Time of formwork removal depends on the

following factors1. Type of Cement

1. Rapid hardening cements require lesser time as

compared to OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement)2. Ratio of concrete mix

1. Rich ratio concrete gain strength earlier as

compared to weak ratio concrete.

3. Weather condition1. Hydration process accelerates in hot weather

conditions as compared to cold and humid

weather conditions.

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TIME OF REMOVAL OF FORMWORK

Sr.

No Structural Member 

OPC(Ordinary Portland

Cement)

Rapid

HardeningCement

1 Beam sides, walls & Columns 2-3 Days 2 Days

2 Slab (Vertical Supports remains intact) 4 Days 3 Days

3 Slab (Complete Formwork removal) 10 Days 5 Days

4Beams (Removal of Sheeting, Props

remains intact) 8 Days 5 Days

5 Beams & Arches (Complete

formwork removal) (up to 6 m span)14 Days 5-8 Days

6

Beams & Arches (Complete

formwork removal) (more than 6 m span)

21 Days 8-10 Days

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MAINTENANCE OF FORMWORK

Due to continuous use wooden planks & steel plates

surfaces become uneven and require maintenance. For wooden formwork use cardboard or plastic fiber

board. Bolt hole places must also be repaired.

For steel formwork plates must be leveled by malletand loose corners must be welded.

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COST OF FORMWORK

For normal works cost of formwork is about30 -40 of the concrete cost.

For special works cost of formwork is about50 -60 of the concrete cost.

Formwork cost is controlled by the followingfactors Formwork Material cost

Formwork erecting cost Formwork removal cost

Formwork jointing cost (Nails and Cables)

Labor charges.

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ADVANTAGES OF STEEL FORM WORK

It can be used for a no. of times.

It is non absorbent.

Smooth finish surface obtained.

No shrinkage of formwork occurs. Easy to use.

Its volume is less

Its strength is more.

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Definitions

It’s a temporary structure to provide a platform at different levels of a building for

workers and Materials.

SCAFFOLDING

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TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING

Following are the types of scaffolds

1. Single Scaffolds

2. Double Scaffolds

3. Ladder Scaffolds

4. Cantilever Scaffolds

5. Suspended Scaffolds

6. Steel or Tubular Scaffolds

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DEFINITION

Scaffold

It is the temporary support system provided for theconstruction & maintenance purposes.

It consists of supports and a working platform for

workers and Materials. Scaffolding 

Method of construction of scaffolds is called

scaffolding.

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SINGLE SCAFFOLDS

It consists of  Standards (v

posts)(10 cm)

Putlogs (7.5 x 7.5) Ledgers (

Wooden boards

BracesUsed for ordinarybuildings

1.2 m

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DOUBLE SCAFFOLDS

It consists of 

Two rows of standards.

15 cm, 1.5 m Shores are provided.

Used for superiorworks

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LADDER SCAFFOLDS

It consists of 

Brackets forPlate form.

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CANTILEVER SCAFFOLDS

It consists of 

Cantilever

Struts

Standards

Putlogs

Plate forms

It is used aboveground level

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SUSPENDED SCAFFOLDS

It consists of Ropes

Working platforms

Ropes can be raisedManually ormechanically

Used for light

construction andfinishing works ofmultistory buildings.

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STEEL OR TUBULAR SCAFFOLDS

It consists of

Steel tubes (1-1/2” – 2-1/2” diameter)Coupler or Clamps (to hold pipes in different

positions)

Prop nuts (to hold single pipes)

Bolts, Nuts & washers

Wedge & Clip

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SCAFFOLD PIPES

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COUPLER OR CLAMPS

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SCAFFOLD FITTINGS

Double Coupler

It joins ledgers and standards.

Swivel Coupler Composed of two single couplers and used to join two scaffolds at any

angle.

Putlog Coupler

Used to join putlogs with transom.

Base Plate Used at the base of the standards.

Split joint Pin

It’s a connection fitting used to join scaffold tubes.

Reveal Pin It fit in to the end of a tube to form an adjustable strut.

Putlog end

A flat plate used at the end of a scaffold to convert it in to a putlog.

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SCAFFOLD FITTINGS

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SCAFFOLD FITTINGS

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PROP NUTS, CLAMP AND FASTENERS

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WEDGE & CLIP

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WEB LINKS FOR SCAFFOLDING

http://www.advancescaffold.com/international-standard.html

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Definitions

It is the method of providing temporary support (shores) to an unsafe structure.

SHORING

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SHORING

Definition

It is the method of providing temporary support(shores) to an unsafe structure.

Types of Shoring 

Horizontal shoring or flying shoring 

Vertical shoring or dead shoring 

Inclined Shoring or flying shoring 

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HORIZONTAL SHORING

It consists ofHorizontal

beam or strut

Wall plates

Cleats

Strainingbeams

Used to

support twoadjacentbuildings.

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SINGLE FLYING SHORING

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DOUBLE FLYING SHORING

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VERTICAL SHORING

It consists of

Deadshores

Sole plates

Needles Props

Used for

rebuilding ofwalls.

DEAD OR VERTICAL

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SHORING

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INCLINED SHORING

It consists of

RackersNeedles

Cleats

Braces Sole plate

Used to

strengthen awall.

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INCLINED OR RAKING SHORING

INCLINED OR RAKING SHORING

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(UNSYMMETRICAL)

RAKING SHORING DETAILS

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RAKING SHORING DETAILS

RAKING SHORING DETAILS

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RAKING SHORING DETAILS

INCLINED

SHORING OR

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SHORING OR

RAKING SHORING

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THANK YOU