Chapter 7

Chapter 7

Routing Protocol and Concept

What is router?• Router ជា Center of Network .ហើ��យ Router ហើ���សំរា��ភ្ជា� ��ពី�

Network មួ�យហើ� Network មួ�យហើ��ត ។ មួ��ងវិ �ញហើ��ត Router ���លខុ សំ�ត!វិខាងចែ$កចាយ Packet រវាង Network ចែ)លខុ សំៗគ្នា, ។ Destination នៃ. IP Packet អា$ជា Web Server ចែ)លសំ01តក, ង��ហើ�សំហើ23ងរ 4 Email Server ចែ)លសំ01តហើ5ក, ងត�.�ចែតមួ�យហើ67ចែ)ល Router ���លខុ សំ�ត!វិខាង�ញ្ជូ��. Packet ទាំងហើ67។

• Router• Router ជា Computer ចែ)ល Router ត��ងហើ:ហើ���សំរា�� Advanced

Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET) ចែ)ល�ហើង;�តហើ<�ងហើ5 30 August 1969 ចែ)ល ARPANET �ហើង;�តហើ<�ងហើ=យ6យក=> .ការពារជាត1រ�សំ� USA ។

• Router មា. Hardware .1ង software)�$ជា៖ CPU, RAM, ROM, Operating System

• stem.

Type of Router

• Network .1មួ�យៗចែ)លភ្ជា� ��.Cង Router តរ �វិហើអាយចែ�ងចែ$កហើ�តាមួ��ហើE� Interface ចែ)ល Interface ទាំងហើ67�ត!វិបា.ហើ���សំរា��2G ភ្ជា� ��ទាំង Local Area Network .1ង Wide Area Network។ LAN ជា Ethernet ធមួIតាចែ)លភ្ជា� �� Device )�$ជា PC, Printer .1ង Server ។ WAN �ត!វិបា.ហើ���សំរា�� Network ធចែ)លមា.��តាងE�មួ1សា�សំKធៗ ឧទាំ�រណ៏N ការតភ្ជា� �� WAN ជាធមួIតា�ត!វិបា.ភ្ជា� ��រវាង LAN ហើ�.Cង ISP Network ។

• Router Interface:• Router មា. Port មួ�យហើ���សំរា���:���:ងហើ�ហើល� Router

ចែ)លមួ1.)�$ Ethernet .1ង Serial interface ហើ�ចែ)ល Port ហើ67ហើOថា Console Port ចែ)លមួ1.�ត!វិបា.ហើ���សំរា��ការ�ញ្ជូ��. Packet ហើ�ហើ��យ Console port �ត!វិបា.ភ្ជា� ��ជាមួ�យ PC ហើ5ហើពីល Configuration Router .1មួ�យៗ ។

• LAN interface:�ត!វិបា.ហើ���សំរា��ភ្ជា� ��ពី� Router ហើ� LAN។ ហើ5ហើពីល Router ភ្ជា� ��ជាមួ�យ Switch �ត!វិហើ���ចែខុ3 Straight-Through ។ ចែតហើ�� Router ពី�រភ្ជា� ��គ្នា, ផ្ទាR ល�តាមួរយS Ethernet Interface ឬ Router ភ្ជា� ��ផ្ទាU ល�ជាមួ�យ PC :V�ត!វិហើ���ចែខុ3 Cross-over ។

• WAN interface:�ត!វិបា.ហើ���សំរា��ភ្ជា� �� Router ហើ�.Cង Network ខាងហើ�Wហើ=យហើ��� Serial interface។

Basic Router Configure

• New Software Cisco Package Tracer • Install it on computer ….• Feature of Package Tracer • After install show interface • Start the first for Design LAN.

Interface of Package Tracer

Start configure Router

• ហើ5ហើពីលអ្ន,ក Configuration ហើល� Router ការងារត��ងមា.)�$ជា

• Go to Package Tracer • Design LAN (router,Swich ,hub ,computer)• Click on 1 Router to configure as below(other

have the same configure)• Naming the Router• Setting Password• Configuring interface• Saving change on Router

Start configure Router (con)• ការល1$ហើ<�ងត��ង:V User Mode ចែ)លអ្ន. ញ្ញា[ ត1ហើអាយ�ងា\ ញ State of router

• Router>

• The enable Command �ត!វិបា.ហើ���សំរា��$�លក, ង privileged exec mode ចែ)លអ្ន. អ្ន. ញ្ញា[ ត1ហើអាយ User អា$$�ល Configuration ហើល� Router prompt �K�រពី� “>” ហើ� ”#” ។

• Router>enable • Router#

• ហើ��យហើ)�មួ_�កណ៏ត�ហើល� Router :V�ត!វិ$�លហើ� Global Mode ។• Router#Config t• Router(Config)#

Start configure Router(con)

• Other Router configure the same but must be sure that it have the range of IP address yet?

• After that ping to test it by commend • R1# ping 192.168.1.1 that it reply (example)• Or by click on the Letter in the right of package

tracer and put on the router source and destination …it appeared that successful it mean that they know each other ( must be test router first before test computer to send letter)

Static Route• Static Route ជា CommandធមួIតា .1ងមួ1.�ត!វិការ Processing

ហើ�$�.ហើ� ហើ��យហើ���ហើ)�មួ_� Configure ហើអាយ Router សាG ល�គ្នា, ។វាមួ1.ចែមួ.ជាProtocol ហើ� :Vវាហើ���សំរា��=ក� IP address for route ហើ5ក, ង device route ហើ5ក, ង Table ហើ=យឆ្លaងកាត�ការ counfigure ហើ=យនៃ)។

• Static routing is not really a routing protocol. Static routing is simply the process of manually entering routes into a device's routing table via a configuration file that is loaded when the routing device starts up. As an alternative, these routes can be entered by a network administrator who configures the routes manually

• Use static routing when you have very few devices to configure (<5) and when you know the routes will probably never change.

Static route configure

IP serial =172.16.1.1

Fast Eternet=192.168.1.1

IP serial =172.16.1.2

Ip FastEthernet:192.168.2.1

When we change name and put Ip ddress hery…we must be configure route ip do below:

R1#(config)ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2

R1#end

When we change name and put Ip ddress hery…we must be configure route ip do below:

R2#(config)ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.1

R2#end

Dubble click on it hery

Static ip

Ip:192.168.1.2

Subnet 255.255.255.0

Get way :192.168.1.1

Dubble click on it hery

Static ip

Ip:192.168.2.2

Subnet 255.255.255.0

Get way :192.168.2.1

After that ping to eaochother.

Verify configure static

• Show ip route: :Vជាសំរា���ងា\ ញ Routing table ហើ)�មួ_�)Cងថាហើត�វាសាG ល� Network ណាខុa7។

• Show running-config: :Vជាសំរា���ងា\ ញ�:�� running configuration ទាំងអ្នសំ�ចែ)ល store ហើ5ក, ង RAM ។

• Show ip interface brief: :Vសំរា���ងា\ ញពីតcមា.ទាំងអ្នសំ�រ�សំ� interface

• Copy running-config startup-config: សំរា�� Apply .1ង Saving

Introduction to Dynamic Routing Protocols

• Data Network ចែ)លហើយ�ងហើ���ក, ងការរសំ�ហើ5រ�សំ�ហើយ�ងហើ)�មួ_�ការសំ1កd ក, ងការងារធ .ត�$ៗ .1ងការងារធ .ធល=��អ្ន.Kរជាត1ហើ67ជា��ហើ�ហើយ�ង�ត!វិមា. Router មួ�យ.1ង Computer 2 ឬ ហើ�$�.។ ឯហើ5ក, ងការងារ�ក fមួ�g .រ�សំ�អ្ន,កអា$មា. Router ហើ�$�..1ង Switch ហើ�$�. ហើ��យមា.រា��រយ Computer ។

• Dynamic Routing Protocols �ត!វិបា.ហើ���ហើ5ក, ង Network ធៗហើ)�មួ_�ងាយ�សំ!ល�:���:ង.1ង ��ត1�តK1។ Network ហើ���232G រវាង Dynamic Routing Protocol .1ង Static Route ជា��ហើ�ហើ:ហើ�$�.ហើ��� Dynamic Routing Protocol ។

Introduction Dynamic Routing (con) • Dynamic Routing Protocol :Vចា��ហើ2K�មួហើអាយហើ����បាសំ�

RIP ក, ងឆ្នាំ, ១៩៨០ ហើ��យ)��ងក, ងការហើ���:Vសំរា��ចែត ARPANET ចែត�m�ហើណាn 7។ចែតហើ=យពី�មួ�យនៃopហើ�មួ�យនៃop Network ចា��ហើ2K�មួមា.ភ្ជាពី Complex ហើ�ៗ ហើ���មា.ការ=ក�ហើអាយហើ���ហើ5 Dynamic routing protocol �.Kៗ)�$ជាOSPF , RIPv2 , EIGRP, BGP, IS-IS,GRP……

Routing Protocols’ Evolution and Classification

Dynamic Routing

• Dynamic routing protocols are supported by software applications running on the routing device (the router) which dynamically learn network destinations and how to get to them and also advertise those destinations to other routers. This advertisement function allows all the routers to learn about all the destination networks that exist and how to those networks.

Dynamic Routing (con)

• A router using dynamic routing will 'learn' the routes to all networks that are directly connected to the device. Next, the router will learn routes from other routers that run the same routing protocol (RIP, RIP2, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, BGP etc). Each router will then sort through it's list of routes and select one or more 'best' routes for each network destination the router knows or has learned.

Link-state & distance-vector

• Link-State protocol :Vជាការក.ត�2a�វិនៃ.ការ�ញ្ជូ��.�1.,.qយពី� Source ហើ�កា.� Destination តាមួរយ7Router. មា..qយថាRouter ជាអ្ន,កក.ត�2a�វិសំរា��ការ�ញ្ជូ��..�វិ Data ទាំងហើ67។(2a�វិណាចែ)លខុa�ហើ��យហើធr�ការ�ញ្ជូ��.ហើ�)

• Protocol of Link-state have:– (IS-IS) Intermediate System To Intermediate System– (OSPF) Open Shortest Path First

Distance-Vector

• Distance-Vector :Vការ�ញ្ជូ��.Data ហើ�កា.�Destination

ហើ=យហើធr�ការទាំក��ងគ្នា, រវាង neighbors ចែ)លហើ5ជិ1តគ្នា, (មា..qយថាវាបា.កត��តា� កហើ5 neighbors route’s Table)ហើ=យក.ត�ហើពីលហើវិលាសំរា��ហើធr�ការ�ញ្ជូ��. Data ។ហើ��យការហើ����បាសំ� Distance-Vector :Vវាមួ1.មា. knowledge សំរា��ក.ត�   path designation )�$ link-state ហើ�។

• Protocol of Distance- Vector– Routing Information Protocol (RIP)– Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)– Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)– Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

• RIP is a distance vector protocol which uses hop count to determine the best path through the network. The path with the fewest number of routed hops is considered the shortest path

• RIP :Vជា Command សំរា��ហើធr�ហើអាយ Router ពី�ររ 4ហើ�$�.សាG ល�គ្នា, ។

Configuration RIP

• Design router and switch computer……• Give ip to R1,R2,R3

• The Router in the middle configure (please see the table to put ip for each router)

• After that we configure ip for rip the same table under router in image

• Put the ip for compute in all subnet and ping to each other…• Before ping make sure the router have ip address yet?• Finish

Verify RIP

• ហើ)�មួ_� Verify .1ងហើ=7�សាយ�ញ្ញា\ ត��ងហើយ�ង�ត!វិហើ��� Command Show ip route .1ង Show ip protocols ។ ��សំ1.ហើ��មួ1.$ចែ�ងចែ$ក.1ងកណ៏ត��ញ្ញា\ បា.ហើយ�ង�ត!វិហើ��� Command Debug ip rip ហើ)�មួ_�ហើមួ�ល�ញ្ញា\ ជាក�លាក�ចែ)លហើក�តហើ<�ង។

EIGRP

• Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) ជា distance vector classless routing protocol ចែ)ល�ត!វិបា.�ហើញ្ជូUញហើអាយហើ���ហើ5ឆ្នាំ, ១៩៩២

Configuration EIGRP

– Router(Config)#router eigrp Autonomous-system

– Router(Config)#network network-address

• Note: • Autonomous-system ជាហើលខុ ID នៃ.�ណ៏K

Network ចែ)ល EIGRP តរ �វិហើអាយ Router ទាំងអ្នសំ�ចែ)លហើ5ក, ង Domain )�$គ្នា, �ត!វិចែត Configure Autonomous-system )�$គ្នា,ទាំងអ្នសំ� ចែ)លមា.ហើលខុចា��ពី� 1 )ល� 65535 ។

Se 0/0/0 =ip 10.10.10.1Se 0/0/1 =ip 12.12.12.1Fast 0/0 =ip 1.1.1.1

Se 0/0/0 =ip 10.10.10.2Se 0/0/1 =ip 11.11.11.2Fast 0/0 =ip 2.2.2.1

Se 0/0/0 =ip 11.11.11.1Se 0/0/1 =ip 12.12.12.2Fast 0/0 =ip 3.3.3.1

Start to configure Router 1

• In R1 we start to configure(after we give ip address ) so do :– R1(config)# router eigrp 1– R1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0– R1(config-router)#network 10.10.10.0– R1(config-router)#network 12.12.12.0– R1(config-router)#end– R1#wr

Configure 2

• In R2 we start to configure(after we give ip address ) so do :– R2(config)# router eigrp 1– R2(config-router)#network 2.2.2.0– R2(config-router)#network 10.10.10.0– R2(config-router)#network 11.11.11.0– R2(config-router)#end– R2#wr

ConfigureRouter 3

• In R3 we start to configure(after we give ip address ) so do :– R3(config)# router eigrp 1– R3(config-router)#network 3.3.3.0– R3(config-router)#network 11.11.11.0– R3(config-router)#network 12.12.12.0– R3(config-router)#end– R3#wr

Verify EIGRP

• ហើ��� Show ipeigrp neighbor ហើ)�មួ_�ហើមួ�ល neighbor table .1ងហើ2Rwងផ្ទាK ត�ថា EIGRP បា.�ហើង;�ត Connection ជាមួ�យ Router ចែ)លហើ5ជិ1ត�2 ត។

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

• OSPF :Vជា routing protocol ចែ)លហើ���ក, ង��ហើE� Link-State protocol។ ហើ��យហើ:.1យមួហើ���វាជាមួ�យ.1ង��ហើE� network ធៗ ហើ��យហើ:.1យមួហើ���វាជាង RIP។

• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) ចែ)ល�ហើង;�តហើ<�ងសំរា��ជិ.�សំ Distance Vector Routing protocol RIP ហើ=យ Link-State routing protocol ។ OSPFv1 �ត!វិបា.�ហើង;�តហើ<�ង 1989 ហើ��យ OSPFv2 �ត!វិបា.�ហើង;�តហើ<�ងឆ្នាំ, 1991 ។

Configuration OSPF

• Router(Config)#router ospf 1• Router(Config-router)#Network Network-address

wildcard-mask area area-id• Note: area-id សំហើxហើល� OSPF area ចែ)ល OSPF area

ជា�ក fមួនៃ. Router ចែ)លចែ$កចាយ Link-state information ។

R1:Fast : 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0Se 0/0/0 : 172.16.20.1 255.255.255.0

HQ(router):Fast : 172.16.30.1 255.255.255.0Se 0/0/0 : 172.16.20.2 255.255.255.0 se 0/0/1 : 172.16.40.1 255.255.255.0

R2:Fast : 172.16.50.1 255.255.255.0Se 0/0/0 : 172.16.40.1 255.255.255.0

All Client please put the ip to fit with the every fastethernet lan that we have configure

Stat to configure OSPF

• R1 >enable• R1#config t• R1(config)#• R1(config)#router ospf 1• R1(config-router)network 172.16.0.0

0.0.255.255 area 0• R1#(config-router)end

Router HQ

• RHQ >enable• RHQ #config t• RHQ(config)#• RHQ(config)#router ospf 1• RHQ(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0

0.0.255.255 area 0• RHQ(config-router)#end

Configure R2

• R2 >enable• R2#config t• R2(config)#• R2(config)#router ospf 1• R2(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0

0.0.255.255 area 0• R2(config-router)#end

Verify OSPF

• ហើ��� Show IP ospf neighbor command ហើ)�មួ_�ផ្ទាR ងផ្ទាR តហើ=7�សាយ ospfចែ)លហើ5ជិ1តហើ��យមា.�6ក�.ងគ្នា, ។

• HQ

• R1