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DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK.................................................................................................. iABSTRACT................................................................................................. iiKATA PENGANTAR................................................................................ iiiDAFTAR ISI............................................................................................... vDAFTAR TABEL...................................................................................... viiDAFTAR GAMBAR.................................................................................. viiiDAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................. ixDAFTAR SINGKATAN............................................................................ x
BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN........................................................................ 11.1 Latar Belakang....................................................................... 11.2 Rumusan Masalah.................................................................. 41.3 Pertanyaan Penelitian............................................................. 51.4 Tujuan Penelitian................................................................... 5
1.4.1 Tujuan umum................................................................. 51.4.2 Tujuan khusus................................................................ 5
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian................................................................. 61.4.1 Tujuan umum................................................................. 61.4.2 Tujuan khusus................................................................ 6
BAB 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA............................................................... 72.1 Diabetes Melitus.................................................................... 7
2.1.1 Definisi.......................................................................... 7 2.1.2 Prevalensi dan faktor risiko........................................... 7
2.1.3 Klasifikasi..................................................................... 8 2.1.4 Patogenesis.................................................................... 9
2.1.5 Gejala klinis.................................................................. 11 2.1.6 Diagnosis ...................................................................... 13 2.1.7 Komplikasi ................................................................... 152.2 Hipertensi .............................................................................. 17
2.2.1 Definisi.......................................................................... 172.2.2 Epidemiologi................................................................. 17
2.2.3 Faktor resiko................................................................. 19 2.2.4 Klasifikasi..................................................................... 20
2.2.5 Patogenesis.................................................................... 22 2.2.6 Gejala klinis.................................................................. 22 2.2.7 Komplikasi.................................................................... 23 2.2.8 Tujuan dan strategi pengobatan ................................... 24
2.3 Gangguan Depresi ................................................................. 252.3.1 Definisi.......................................................................... 252.3.2 Epidemiologi................................................................. 25
2.3.3 Etiologi.......................................................................... 26 2.3.4 Gejala klinis.................................................................. 30
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2.3.5 Diagnosis....................................................................... 312.4 Beck Depresion Inventory (BDI) .......................................... 352.5 Hubungan Diabetes Melitus Dan Depresi ............................. 372.6 Hubungan Hipertensi Dan Depresi ....................................... 39
BAB 3. KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN .............................................................................. 44 3.1 Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian............................................ 44
3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian............................................................... 44
BAB 4. METODE PENELITIAN............................................................ 45 4.1 Jenis Penelitian....................................................................... 45 4.2 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian................................................. 45 4.3 Populasi, Sampel, Kriteria, dan Besar Sampel....................... 45
4.3.1 Populasi......................................................................... 45 4.3.2 Sampel dan kriteria....................................................... 45
4.3.3 Besar sampel................................................................. 46 4.4 Variabel Penelitian dan Definisi Operasional........................ 46
4.4.1 Variabel Penelitian........................................................ 46 4.4.2 Definisi operasional...................................................... 47
4.5 Instrumen Penelitian.............................................................. 48 4.6 Prosedur Pengambilan dan Pengumpulan Data..................... 48 4.7 Metode Analisis Data............................................................. 49
4.7.1 Pengolahan Data........................................................... 49 4.7.2 Analisis Data................................................................. 49
BAB 5 HASIL PENELTIAN.................................................................. 515.1 Deskripsi Lokasi Penelitian................................................... 515.2 Analisa Univariat................................................................... 52
5.2.1 Karakteristik pasien Diabetes Melitus dengan hipertensi dan tanpa hipertensi..................................... 52
5.3 Analisis Bivariat.................................................................... 54
BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN.......................................................................... 566.1 Frekuensi Tingkat Depresi pasien DM dengan dan
Tanpa Hipertensi.................................................................... 566.2 Perbedaan Tingkat Depresi pasien DM dengan Hipertensi
dan Tanpa Hipertensi............................................................. 56
BAB 7 PENUTUP................................................................................... 617.1 Kesimpulan............................................................................ 617.2 Saran....................................................................................... 61
DAFTAR PUSTAKA................................................................................. 62
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Kriteria diagnosis DM............................................................... 14Tabel 2.2 Klasifikasi tekanan darah menurut JNC 7................................. 21Tabel 4.1 Definisi operasional.................................................................. 47Tabel 5.1 Distribusi frekuensi pasien DM berdasarkan umur................... 52Tabel 5.2 Distribusi frekuensi pasien DM berdasarkan jenis kelamin...... 52Tabel 5.3 Distribusi frekuensi DM berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan........ 53Tabel 5.4 Distribusi frekuensi DM Berdasarkan Jenis Pekerjaan............. 53Tabel 5.5 Distribusi frekuensi tingkat depresi pasien DM dengan
hipertensi dan tanpa hipertensi.................................................. 54Tabel 5.6 Perbedaan depresi pasien DM dengan hipertensi dan tanpa di
rumah sakit umum cut meutia kabupaten aceh utara tahun2013 .......................................................................................... 54
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Patogenesis resistensi insulin.................................................. 10Gambar 2.2 Langkah-langkah diagnostik DM dan gangguan toleransi glukosa....................................................................................... 13Gambar 2.3 Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi tekanan darah..................... 22Gambar 3.1 Kerangka konsep penelitian.................................................... 44
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Lembar penjelasan (informed consent) .................................. 69Lampiran 2 Lembar kesediaan menjadi responden .................................... 70Lampiran 3 Lembar kuesioner ................................................................... 71Lampiran 4 Master data hasil penelitian 1 ................................................. 78Lampiran 5 Master data hasil penelitian 2 ................................................. 80Lampiran 6 Analisa univariat dan bivariat ................................................. 83
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DAFTAR SINGKATAN
11β-HSD2 : 11- Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 2
ACTH : Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Acyl-CoA : Acyl Coenzyme A
ADA : American Diabetes Association
AT : Angiotensin
BDI : Beck Depression Inventory
BMI : Body Mass Index
CO : Cardiac Output
CRH : Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
DSM : Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
GDPT : Glukosa Darah Puasa Terganggu
HNK : Hiperosmolar Non Ketotik
H2O2 : Hidrogen Peroksida
HPA : Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal
IDO : Indoleamin 2,3 Dioksigenasi
IFNγ : Interferon Gamma
IL6 : Interleukin 6
IRS : Insulin Receptor Substrate
LPS : Lipopolisakarida
MDD : Mayor Depresi Disorder
MR : Mineralocorticoid Receptor
NF-kB : Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer Of Activated B Cells
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NO : Nitrit Oksida
O2- : Anion superoksida
PI3K : Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase
PPDGJ : Pedoman Penggolongan dan Diagnosis Gangguan Jiwa
PR : Peripheral Resistance
PVN : Nucleus Paraventrikular
Riskesdas : Riset Kesehatan Dasar
ROC : Receiver Operating Characteristics
ROS : Reactive Oxygen Spesies
SKRT : Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga
SOCS : Suppresor of Cytokine Signaling
SRA : Sistem Renin Angiotensin
TDO : Triptofan 2,3 Diogsigenase
TDS : Tekanan Darah Sistolik
TGT : Toleransi Glukosa Terganggu
TNFα : Tumor Necroting Factor α
TOD : Target Organ Damage
TRH : Tirotropin Releasing Hormone
TSH : Thyroid stimulating hormone
TTD : Tekanan Darah Diastolik
TTGO : Tes Toleransi Glukosa Oral
VP : Vasopressin Arginin
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