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pruebas con material como alumino en prubebas de torsion con tablas de deformacion conclusiones y graficas
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INFORME DE RESISTENCIA DE MATERIALES ENSAYO DE COMPRESION A LA PROBETA DE ALUMINIO, ACERO 1045 Y BRONCE
YESID CAMILO GOMEZ MERIDACOD. 201211228MICHAEL ALEXANDER PEREZ TOVARCOD. 201210001
UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA Y TECNOLOGICA DE COLOMBIAFACULTAD SECCIONAL DUITAMAINGENIERIA ELECTROMECANICADUITAMA 2014
INFORME DE RESISTENCIA DE MATERIALES ENSAYO DE COMPRESION A LA PROBETA DE ALUMINIO, ACERO 1045 Y BRONCE
YESID CAMILO GOMEZ MERIDACOD. 201211228MICHAEL ALEXANDER PEREZ TOVARCOD. 201210001
INGENIERO MELCHOR ANTONIO GRANADOS
UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA Y TECNOLOGICA DE COLOMBIAFACULTAD SECCIONAL DUITAMAINGENIERIA ELECTROMECANICADUITAMA 2014
TABLA DE CONTENIDO
1. Objetivos ...11.1. Objetivo general.11.2 Objetivos especficos..11. Materiales 21. Descripcin de la prueba.. 41. Marco terico.. 61. Muestra de los clculos ... 91. Tablas de datos.. 126.1. Tabla de datos ledos y procesados del aluminio...126.2. Tabla de datos ledos y procesados del acero 1045.236.3. Tabla de datos ledos y procesados del bronce.341. Graficas ..417.1. Graficas del aluminio.417.2 Graficas del acero 1045.427.3 Graficas del bronce.441. Resultados .461. Conclusiones y recomendaciones .471. Bibliografa.48
1. OBJETIVOS
1.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL
Determinar las propiedades mecnicas del aluminio, bronce y del Acero 1045.
1.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS
Observar el comportamiento del aluminio, bronce y del Acero 1045 al someterlos a una carga de tensin en la maquina universal de ensayos. Comparar el alargamiento con respecto a la carga que se somete la probeta, al igual que la deformacin con respecto al esfuerzo; por medio de grficas y los clculos respectivos que ilustren el comportamiento y propiedades de las probetas. Determinar el punto pivote, punto de fluencia, punto de rotura, carga mxima y mdulo de rigidez y analizar los resultados.
2. MATERIALES Y EQUIPOS
Mquina Universal Hidrulica: En esta mquina se pueden realizar ensayos de traccin, compresin y flexin, para as determinar las propiedades mecnicas de muchos materiales. La mquina trabaja hidrulicamente, tiene sensores para as poder determinar con precisin las propiedades mecnicas de los materiales. Adems tambin est conectada a un computador con un software llamado trapezium, y de este modo realizar estas pruebas estableciendo previamente los parmetros del ensayo a realizar. En el computador tambin se muestran datos y graficas de la prueba.
Fig.1 Maquina de Prueba Universal Hidrulica Calibrador pie de rey: Es un instrumento utilizado para medir dimensiones de objetos relativamente pequeos, en este caso se us para medir los dimetros y longitudes requeridos para introducir estos datos al computador.
Probetas de Aluminio, bronce y de Acero 1045:
Las probetas tenan inicialmente las medidas que se muestran a continuacin.
Fig.2 Dimensiones de las probetas de acero 1045, bronce y aluminio
3. DESCRIPCIN DE LA PRUEBA
Inicialmente se tienen que medir las caractersticas de las probetas, en este caso nicamente la longitud y el dimetro. Luego se procede a montar cada probeta en la maquina universal de ensayos, de la forma que se muestra en la figura 3, una vez bien agarrada y acomodada sobre una superficie plana, se comienza a aplicarle carga gradualmente con una velocidad de 3 mm/min cada 0.2 segundos. Despus de unos minutos a lo que el computador haya obtenido los datos suficientes para calcular y analizar resultados, se detiene la mquina. Finalmente se desmonta la probeta y a simple vista se puede notar el acortamiento, aumento de grosor, torcedura y corte de la misma como se observa en la figura 4.
Fig.3 Montaje de las probetas en la maquina universal
Fig.4 Antes y despus de la prueba de compresin de la Probeta de: acero 1045, bronce y aluminio respectivamente Ya obtenidos los resultados de cada una de las pruebas se procedi al anlisis de cada uno de los datos, para obtener el valor del mdulo de rigidez de los materiales y dems propiedades mecnicas y la representacin grfica de los datos.4. MARCO TERICO
La mquina universal junto con el programa trapezium arroja nicamente los datos de carga en kilo Newton y de alargamiento en milmetros. Para analizar y encontrar las propiedades mecnicas de las probetas, se requiere encontrar otra serie de datos los cuales son y se calculan de la siguiente manera: Carga y alargamiento promediado: Se tomaron los datos que arrojo el programa trapezium y se le saco el promedio cada cinco datos para cada uno de los tems. Carga (Kgf): Como ya se tenan los datos de carga en kilo newton (KN) que arrojo el programa, lo que se hace es convertirla a kilogramos fuerza (kgf), para ello se aplica la siguiente frmula:
Alargamiento (cm): Al igual que la carga, la maquina arrojo los datos del alargamiento en milmetros (mm) y para una mejor interpretacin de los resultados se convierte a centmetros (cm).
Esfuerzo calculado (Kgf/cm^2): El esfuerzo calculado se halla dividiendo la carga en Kilogramos fuerza (Kgf) en el rea de la parte interior de la probeta dada en centmetros cuadrados (cm).
Dnde: Deformacin calculada (cm/cm): La deformacin calculada de las probetas es igual al alargamiento en centmetros sobre la longitud inicial en centmetros, de tal manera que:
Mdulo de Rigidez (E): Para hallarlo se debe efectuar una regresin lineal que se realiza observando la grfica esfuerzo vs deformacin y tomando dos puntos de la parte ms recta y hallar una ecuacin de la forma y = mx + b. Donde m es el mdulo de rigidez (E), el cual es la pendiente de la recta y b es la interseccin de la recta con el eje .
Tambin el mdulo de rigidez tiene que ser igual al cambio en el esfuerzo sobre el cambio en la deformacin.
Punto pivote, punto de fluencia y deformacin inicial: El punto pivote y el punto de fluencia son los puntos extremos en los cuales se intersecta la curva de esfuerzo deformacin con la recta cuya pendiente es el mdulo de rigidez E.
El punto de fluencia es el punto en el que aparece un considerable alargamiento del material sin el correspondiente aumento de carga.Para calcular este punto se debe tener en cuenta el lmite aparente de proporcionalidad al 0,2% (o a otro tanto por ciento), se aplica este concepto en aquellos materiales que no tienen un punto de fluencia bien definido, o que carecen de l, mediante un procedimiento de equiparacin con los que s lo tienen. Consiste en trazar una paralela a la tangente en el origen a la curva partiendo de un valor normalizado (equivalente a la deformacin en el lmite de proporcionalidad de otros materiales) que suele tomarse del 0,2%, la interseccin de esta recta con la curva esfuerzo-deformacin de fine el punto considerado.
El punto pivote es un punto gua, el cual se usa como referencia para hallar la deformacin corregida.
La deformacin inicial es el punto en el que la recta intersecta al eje.Cuando
Deformacin corregida (cm/cm): Es un mtodo para mejorar la grfica de esfuerzo vs deformacin, en donde los ejes coordenados se trasladan al punto . La unidad de la deformacin sigue siendo (cm/cm)
Para los datos menores o iguales al punto pivote Para los datos mayores o iguales al punto pivote
5. MUESTRA DE LOS CLCULOS
Probeta de aluminio: En el punto pivote se tiene una carga de y un alargamiento 0,4116.
1659,658919
=951,8235066=0,010774869El mdulo de rigidez E se hall por medio de la pendiente de la grfica de esfuerzo vs deformacin donde E=151225 y b= -699,84 =0,006294088En el punto de fluencia se tiene una carga de y un alargamiento .5560,652803
=3189,064927=0,027874346Cuando Probeta de acero 1045.En el punto pivote se tiene una carga de 40,375 y un alargamiento 0,7672.
4115,698267
=2360,375563=0,020189474El mdulo de rigidez E se hall por medio de la pendiente de la grfica de esfuerzo vs deformacin donde E=239409 y b= -2491,9. =0,00985918En el punto de fluencia se tiene una carga de y un alargamiento .11343,33945
=6505,467482=0,0396Cuando
Probeta de bronce.En el punto pivote se tiene una carga de 12,606252 y un alargamiento 0,4068.
1285,040979
=736,9780598=0,011069388El mdulo de rigidez E se hall por medio de la pendiente de la grfica de esfuerzo vs deformacin donde E=67945 y b= -5,3424. =0,010846686En el punto de fluencia se tiene una carga de y un alargamiento .4603,40265
=2640,076706=0,041034014Cuando
6. TABLAS DE DATOS
6.1 TABLA DE DATOS LEIDOS Y PROCESADOS DEL ALUMINIODATOS LEIDOS Y PROCESADOS DEL ALUMINIO
Carga (kgf)Alargamiento (cm)Esfuerzo calculado (Kgf/cm^2)Deformacin calculada (cm/cm)Deformacin corregida (cm/cm)
0,63710499500,36538321402,41616E-06
-2,548419980,0004-1,4615328560,000104712-9,66462E-06
-0,6371049950,00324-0,3653832140,000848168-2,41616E-06
51,605504590,0078429,596040340,0020523560,000195709
218,52701330,01292125,32644240,0033821990,000828742
459,35270130,01848263,44129740,0048376960,001742049
730,75942920,0244419,09454660,0063874350,002771331
1048,037920,03052601,05550410,0079895290,003974578
1357,0338430,03616778,2663630,0094659690,005146413
1659,6589190,04116951,82350660,0107748690,006294088
1968,0175330,0461128,6688650,0120418850,007414079
2288,4813460,0511312,4566220,0133507850,008722979
2615,3164120,0561499,8983280,0146596860,01003188
2957,123140,0611695,9263640,0159685860,01134078
3310,3979610,0661898,5314140,0172774870,012649681
3683,1041790,0712112,2804780,0185863870,013958581
4049,1208970,0762322,1930760,0198952880,015267482
4398,8917430,081082522,7885770,0212251310,016597325
4728,2748220,08622711,6915820,0225654450,017937639
5033,1296640,09122886,5275080,0238743460,019246539
5276,1853210,096283025,9212630,0252041880,020576382
5449,1592250,10143125,1227470,0265445030,021916696
5560,6528030,106483189,0649270,0278743460,023246539
5636,7867480,11163232,7281620,029214660,024586853
5691,2593270,11663263,9684860,030523560,025895754
5736,4935780,12163289,9105770,0318324610,027204654
5777,2685020,12663313,2952190,0331413610,028513555
5812,3092760,13163333,3912960,0344502620,029822456
5850,5353720,13663355,3141720,0357591620,031131356
5883,9834860,14163374,4968490,0370680630,032440257
5915,5202850,14663392,5833770,0383769630,033749157
5946,7382260,15163410,4870370,0396858640,035058058
5975,7264020,15663427,1119150,0409947640,036366958
6009,493170,16163446,4773430,0423036650,037675859
6040,0744140,16663464,0158540,0436125650,038984759
6069,699490,17163481,0059980,0449214660,04029366
6099,006320,17663497,8136260,0462303660,04160256
6129,9060140,18163515,534770,0475392670,042911461
6155,7088690,18663530,3328490,0488481680,044220361
6187,245260,19163548,4191420,0501570680,045529262
6218,4634050,19663566,322920,0514659690,046838162
6244,2662590,20163581,1209980,0527748690,048147063
6271,6617740,20663596,8324770,054083770,049455963
6301,9243630,21163614,1882380,055392670,050764864
6329,3198780,21663629,8997160,0567015710,052073764
6358,3078490,22163646,5244770,0580104710,053382665
6386,6595310,22663662,7843220,0593193720,054691565
6413,4177370,23163678,13030,0606282720,056000466
6440,4945970,23663693,6590280,0619371730,057309367
6468,2087670,24163709,5532570,0632460730,058618267
6491,4629970,24663722,8896860,0645549740,059927168
6517,9029560,25163738,0531470,0658638740,061236068
6543,7056070,25663752,8511090,0671727750,062544969
6570,7826710,26163768,3799540,0684816750,063853869
6597,8595310,26663783,9086820,0697905760,06516277
6621,4324160,27163797,4278610,0710994760,06647167
6646,5979610,27663811,860440,0724083770,067780571
6671,1266060,28163825,9277520,0737172770,069089471
6695,9739040,28663840,1778140,0750261780,070398372
6722,0950050,29163855,1584090,0763350790,071707272
6742,8010190,29663867,0334220,0776439790,073016173
6767,6483180,30163881,2834840,078952880,074325073
6788,3541280,30663893,158380,080261780,075633974
6812,245260,31163906,8600750,0815706810,076942874
6834,8623850,31663919,8311210,0828795810,078251775
6853,6572880,32163930,6101010,0841884820,079560675
6878,1857290,32663944,6772970,0854973820,080869576
6896,6619780,33163955,2735270,0868062830,082178476
6918,3235470,33663967,6965560,0881151830,083487377
6940,6222220,34163980,4849680,0894240840,084796278
6956,5496430,34663989,6194320,0907329840,086105178
6978,2112130,35164002,0424610,0920418850,087414079
6999,5541280,35664014,282740,0933507850,088722979
7020,5787970,36164026,3405030,0946596860,09003188
7037,1435270,36664035,8404670,0959685860,09134078
7057,5310910,37164047,5328470,0972774870,092649681
7079,5109070,37664060,1383920,0985863870,093958581
7095,1198780,38164069,0902220,0998952880,095267482
7117,1001020,38664081,6960020,1012041880,096576382
7132,0721710,39164090,2825660,1025130890,097885283
7147,3626910,39664099,0517630,103821990,099194183
7169,0242610,40164111,4747920,105130890,100503084
7187,1818550,40664121,8882720,1064397910,101811984
7201,5166160,41164130,1093360,1077486910,103120885
7222,8597350,41664142,3497320,1090575920,104429785
7238,7871560,42164151,4841960,1103664920,105738686
7260,4487260,42664163,9072250,1116753930,107047586
7274,4650360,43164171,9456560,1129842930,108356487
7291,3482160,43664181,6282520,1142931940,109665387
7306,957390,44164190,58020,1156020940,110974288
7324,1594290,44664200,4456630,1169109950,112283189
7338,8128440,45164208,8494770,1182198950,113592089
7355,377370,45664218,3493240,1195287960,11490099
7370,0307850,46164226,7531380,1208376960,11620989
7387,8697250,46664236,9838680,1221465970,117518791
7404,1160040,47164246,3011980,1234554970,118827691
7421,9549440,47664256,5319280,1247643980,120136592
7435,6525990,48164264,3876090,1260732980,121445492
7451,8986750,48664273,7048220,1273821990,122754393
7466,2336390,49164281,9260030,1286910990,124063293
7480,8870540,49664290,3298170,130,125372194
7493,9476040,50164297,8201150,1313089010,126681094
7511,7867480,50664308,0509610,1326178010,127989995
7530,2627930,51164318,6470750,1339267020,129298895
7541,7308870,51664325,2240890,1352356020,130607796
7557,9767580,52164334,5411860,1365445030,131916696
7571,3559630,52664342,2142330,1378534030,133225597
7585,6909280,53164350,4354140,1391623040,134534497
7600,3445460,53664358,8393450,1404712040,135843398
7614,3604490,54164366,8775420,1417801050,137152298
7629,6511720,54664375,6468560,1430890050,138461199
7645,2603470,55164384,5988030,1443979060,1397701
7659,9135580,55664393,00250,1457068060,141079
7678,3896020,56164403,5986130,1470157070,142387901
7691,4501530,56664411,0889110,1483246070,143696801
7706,7408770,57164419,8582250,1496335080,145005702
7726,1726810,57664431,0024710,1509424080,146314602
7739,5516820,58164438,6754020,1522513090,147623503
7754,2050970,58664447,0792160,1535602090,148932403
7770,1327220,59164456,2137960,154869110,150241304
7787,0161060,59664465,896510,156178010,151550204
7798,802650,60164472,6561580,1574869110,152859105
7814,7298670,60664481,7905040,1587958120,154168005
7830,3392460,61164490,7425680,1601047120,155476906
7846,9039760,61664500,2425320,1614136130,156785806
7860,6016310,62164508,0982130,1627225130,158094707
7877,1665650,62664517,5982930,1640314140,159403607
7888,9531090,63164524,3579410,1653403140,160712508
7904,2434250,63664533,1270210,1666492150,162021408
7917,9410810,64164540,9827020,1679581150,163330309
7934,505810,64664550,4826660,1692670160,164639209
7947,8850150,65164558,1557130,1705759160,16594811
7960,945770,65664565,6461270,1718848170,167257011
7981,3331290,66164577,338390,1731937170,168565911
7996,94210,66664586,2902210,1745026180,169874812
8008,409990,67164592,8671180,1758115180,171183712
8027,2046890,67664603,6459820,1771204190,172492613
8045,680530,68164614,2419780,1784293190,173801513
8063,2012230,68664624,2901920,179738220,175110414
8075,9431190,69164631,5977390,181047120,176419314
8092,1893990,69664640,9150690,1823560210,177728215
8108,1170230,70164650,049650,1836649210,179037115
8124,6815490,70664659,5494960,1849738220,180346016
8141,8833840,71164669,4148430,1862827230,181654916
8158,7669720,71664679,0976740,1875916230,182963817
8175,3317020,72164688,5976370,1889005240,184272717
8190,3035680,72664697,1840840,1902094240,185581618
8207,5054030,73164707,0494310,1915183250,186890518
8222,7959230,73664715,8186280,1928272250,188199419
8233,6265040,74164722,0300260,1941361260,189508319
8248,9172270,74664730,799340,1954450260,19081722
8268,0303770,75164741,7608370,1967539270,19212612
8281,4093780,75664749,4337670,1980628270,193435021
8298,6114170,76164759,2992310,1993717280,194743921
8315,4945970,76664768,9818280,2006806280,196052822
8332,6966360,77164778,8472910,2019895290,197361723
8349,5798170,77664788,5298880,2032984290,198670623
8366,4629970,78164798,2124850,204607330,199979524
8384,3021410,78664808,4433320,205916230,201288424
8400,8666670,79164817,9431780,2072251310,202597325
8415,5200820,79664826,3469920,2085340310,203906225
8438,4560650,80164839,5009050,2098429320,205215126
8458,8432210,80664851,1930510,2111518320,206524026
8471,2666670,81164858,3179650,2124607330,207832927
8485,6016310,81664866,5391460,2137696340,209141827
8501,2108050,82164875,4910930,2150785340,210450728
8514,9084610,82664883,3467740,2163874350,211759628
8535,6144750,83164895,2217870,2176963350,213068529
8552,4976550,83664904,9043830,2190052360,214377429
8570,6550460,84164915,3177460,2203141360,21568633
8590,7239550,84664926,8273760,2216230370,21699523
8607,2888890,85164936,3274570,2229319370,218304131
8624,4903160,85664946,1925690,2242408380,219613031
8643,2852190,86164956,971550,2255497380,220921932
8659,5312950,86664966,2887630,2268586390,222230832
8678,9628950,87164977,4328930,2281675390,223539733
8694,890520,87664986,5674730,229476440,224848634
8711,4554540,88164996,0675540,230785340,226157534
8733,7539250,88665008,8558490,2320942410,227466435
8751,5930680,89165019,0866960,2334031410,228775335
8765,9278290,89665027,307760,2347120420,230084236
8784,7223240,90165038,0865060,2360209420,231393136
8803,8354740,90665049,0480030,2373298430,232702037
8823,5859330,91165060,3749990,2386387430,234010937
8842,0617740,91665070,9709960,2399476440,235319838
8859,5820590,92165081,0189750,2412565450,236628738
8879,3325180,92665092,3459720,2425654450,237937639
8899,4014270,93165103,8556020,2438743460,239246539
8915,6475030,93665113,1728150,2451832460,24055544
8936,6721710,94165125,2305780,2464921470,24186434
8952,9182470,946645134,5477920,2478115180,243183712
8974,8982670,95165147,1534540,2491099480,244482141
8994,6487260,95665158,4804510,2504188480,245791042
9012,1688070,96165168,5283140,2517277490,247099942
9028,0966360,96665177,6630110,2530366490,248408843
9046,8911310,971685188,4417570,2543664920,249738686
9068,5529050,97665200,8649040,255654450,251026644
9086,3916410,98165211,0955170,2569633510,252335545
9108,3716620,986645223,7011790,2582827230,253654916
9129,7147810,99165235,9415750,2595811520,254953346
9147,5539250,99665246,1724220,2608900520,256262246
9164,1184511,00165255,6722690,2621989530,257571147
9185,7802241,00665268,0954150,2635078530,258880047
9203,9376151,01165278,5087780,2648167540,260188948
9223,3692151,016645289,6529080,2661361260,261508319
9243,437921,021645301,162420,2674450260,26281722
9265,7365951,02665313,9508330,2687434550,264115649
9281,6644241,03165323,085530,2700523560,26542455
9303,3259941,036645335,508560,2713717280,266743921
9321,1649341,041645345,739290,2726806280,268052822
9340,9151891,04665357,0661690,2739790580,269351251
9363,8509681,05165370,2199650,2752879580,270660152
9382,0085631,056685380,6334450,2766178010,271989995
9404,3070341,06165393,421740,2779057590,273277953
9424,0572881,06665404,748620,279214660,274586853
9444,1259941,071645416,2581330,2805340310,275906225
9467,6988791,076645429,7773120,2818429320,277215126
9485,5380221,081725440,0081590,2831727750,278544969
9503,6954131,086645450,4215220,2844607330,279832927
9523,4458721,09165461,7485180,2857591620,281131356
9546,6998981,09665475,084830,2870680630,282440257
9564,5390421,101685485,3156770,2883979060,2837701
9583,9706421,106645496,4598070,2896963350,285068529
9606,9064221,111725509,6136030,2910261780,286398372
9630,4793071,11665523,1327820,2923036650,287675859
9650,2295621,12165534,4596610,2936125650,288984759
9673,4839961,126685547,7962070,2949424080,290314602
9694,5084611,131645559,8538530,2962408380,291613031
9715,8513761,136645572,0941320,2975497380,292921932
9737,513151,141645584,5172780,2988586390,294230832
9758,218961,146725596,3921740,3001884820,295560675
9778,606321,151725608,0844370,3014973820,296869576
9798,9934761,15665619,7765830,3027748690,298147063
9817,4697251,161645630,3728130,3040942410,299466435
9840,086851,16685643,3438590,3054450260,30081722
9862,7041791,17165656,3150220,3067015710,302073764
9883,409991,17665668,1899180,3080104710,303382665
9905,7086651,181765680,978330,3093612570,30473345
9927,0517841,186685693,2187260,3106492150,306021408
9948,3946991,191685705,4590050,3119581150,307330309
9971,6491341,196645718,7955510,3132565450,308628738
9991,7178391,201685730,3050640,3145759160,30994811
10014,016511,206765743,0934760,3159057590,311277953
10034,404081,211725754,7858560,3172041880,312576382
10059,250761,216725769,0355680,3185130890,313885283
10077,408361,221765779,4490480,3198324610,315204654
10099,070131,226685791,8721940,3211204190,316492613
10122,005911,231685805,025990,3224293190,317801513
10145,578591,236765818,5450520,3237591620,319131356
10167,240371,241725830,9681980,3250575920,320429785
10189,539041,246685843,756610,3263560210,321728215
10209,290521,251685855,0841920,3276649210,323037115
10232,544341,256725868,4203870,3289842930,324356487
10255,798171,261725881,7565820,3302931940,325665387
10278,413861,26685894,7268090,3316230370,32699523
10300,71561,271645907,5169750,3328900520,328262246
10323,015291,276765920,3059720,3342303660,32960256
10346,587161,28185933,8245660,3355497380,330921932
10368,886851,286725946,6135640,3368376960,33220989
10391,502551,291765959,5837910,3381570680,333529262
10411,889911,296765971,2760540,3394659690,334838162
10433,551481,301685983,6990830,3407539270,33612612
10455,215091,306765996,1232810,342083770,337455963
10481,969421,31186011,4670380,3434031410,338775335
10505,545361,31686024,9879710,3447120420,340084236
10529,435271,321766038,6889640,3460104710,341382665
10552,687051,326766052,023990,3473193720,342691565
10573,39451,331766063,8998210,3486282720,344000466
10596,012231,336726076,8712180,3499267020,345298895
10620,544341,34186090,9405180,3512565450,346628738
10642,519881,34686103,5436080,3525654450,347937639
10664,501531,351726116,1502060,3538534030,349225597
10687,437311,356726129,3040010,3551623040,350534497
10711,329261,36186143,0061640,3564921470,35186434
10733,626911,36686155,7939920,3578010470,353173241
10758,475031,37186170,0445220,3591099480,354482141
10783,957191,376766184,6586810,3604083770,355780571
10805,618761,381726197,0817110,3617068060,357079
10827,28441,38686209,5070780,3630366490,358408843
10853,086651,39186224,3048060,364345550,359717743
10877,932721,396726238,5541670,3656335080,361005702
10900,866461,40186251,7067940,3669633510,362335545
10921,253821,406766263,3990560,368261780,363633974
10948,332311,411766278,928720,3695706810,364942874
10971,268091,416766292,0825160,3708795810,366251775
10992,929661,42186304,5055450,3721989530,367571147
11014,911311,42686317,1121430,3735078530,368880047
11041,987771,43186332,6406370,3748167540,370188948
11065,559631,43686346,1592310,3761256540,371497848
11091,045871,44186360,7757290,3774345550,372806749
11117,802241,44686376,1206550,3787434550,374115649
11137,871561,45186387,6305180,3800523560,37542455
11165,586141,45686403,5249810,3813612570,37673345
11186,291541,46186415,3996430,3826701570,378042351
11212,729871,46686430,5621690,3839790580,379351251
11235,985731,47186443,8995330,3852879580,380660152
11260,513761,47686457,9664950,3865968590,381969052
11281,855251,48186470,2059560,3879057590,383277953
11305,749241,48686483,9092880,389214660,384586853
11332,503571,49186499,2530440,390523560,385895754
11357,991851,49686513,8707110,3918324610,387204654
11385,06831,50186529,3992050,3931413610,388513555
11407,6841,50686542,3694330,3944502620,389822456
11430,619781,51186555,5232280,3957591620,391131356
11458,332311,51686571,4165210,3970680630,392440257
11485,092761,52186586,7637850,3983769630,393749157
11507,392461,52686599,5527830,3996858640,395058058
11534,468911,53186615,0812770,4009947640,396366958
11558,042811,53686628,601040,4023036650,397675859
11584,481141,54186643,7635670,4036125650,398984759
11609,327221,54686658,0129280,4049214660,40029366
11632,2631,55186671,1667230,4062303660,40160256
11657,74721,55686685,7820520,4075392670,402911461
11681,959231,56186699,6677830,4088481680,404220361
11709,353721,56686715,3786770,4101570680,405529262
11734,203871,57186729,6303760,4114659690,406838162
11762,55251,57686745,8884680,4127748690,408147063
11788,672781,58186760,8685950,414083770,409455963
11815,433231,58686776,2158590,415392670,410764864
11842,827731,59186791,9267530,4167015710,412073764
11867,039761,59686805,8124840,4180104710,413382665
11893,160041,60186820,7926110,4193193720,414691565
11917,688071,60686834,8595720,4206282720,416000466
11947,951071,61186852,2155670,4219371730,417309367
11969,612641,61686864,6385970,4232460730,418618267
11999,555561,62186881,8110230,4245549740,419927168
12023,127421,62686895,3296170,4258638740,421236068
12047,975541,63186909,5801470,4271727750,422544969
12073,777781,63686924,3778750,4284816750,423853869
12102,130481,64186940,6383050,4297905760,42516277
12128,568811,64686955,8008320,4310994760,42647167
12156,601431,65186971,8776930,4324083770,427780571
12183,997961,65686987,5897560,4337172770,429089471
12211,392461,66187003,300650,4350261780,430398372
12237,19471,66687018,0983770,4363350790,431707272
12271,598371,67187037,8290710,4376439790,433016173
12290,395511,67687048,6093370,438952880,434325073
12316,19981,68187063,4082340,440261780,435633974
12341,361881,68687077,8388250,4415706810,436942874
12370,030581,69187094,2804850,4428795810,438251775
12401,249751,69687112,1848470,4441884820,439560675
12428,964321,70187128,079310,4454973820,440869576
12456,996941,70687144,1561710,4468062830,442178476
12485,983691,71187160,780230,4481151830,443487377
12516,566771,71687178,3197940,4494240840,444796278
12550,014271,72187197,502120,4507329840,446105178
12571,675841,72687209,9251490,4520418850,447414079
12603,851171,73187228,3778790,4533507850,448722979
12628,697251,73687242,6272390,4546596860,45003188
12655,45771,74187257,9745040,4559685860,45134078
12683,804281,74687274,2314260,4572774870,452649681
12711,200821,75187289,9434890,4585863870,453958581
12741,783891,75687307,4830520,4598952880,455267482
12769,496431,76187323,3763450,4612041880,456576382
12801,989811,76687342,0114740,4625130890,457885283
12830,978591,77187358,6367020,463821990,459194183
12865,38431,77687378,3685650,465130890,460503084
12896,279311,78187396,087020,4664397910,461811984
12920,491341,78687409,9727510,4677486910,463120885
12951,71051,79187427,8771140,4690575920,464429785
12983,245671,79687445,9627060,4703664920,465738686
13012,232421,80187462,5867650,4716753930,467047586
13040,585121,80687478,8471950,4729842930,468356487
13068,61571,81187494,9228870,4742931940,469665387
13100,152911,81687513,0096490,4756020940,470974288
13132,328241,82187531,4623780,4769109950,472283189
13163,86341,82687549,547970,4782198950,473592089
13194,12641,83187566,9039650,4795287960,47490099
13228,532111,83687586,6358280,4808376960,47620989
13261,661571,84187605,6357550,4821465970,477518791
13293,196741,84687623,7213470,4834554970,478827691
13325,692151,85187642,3576450,4847643980,480136592
13355,635071,85687659,5300710,4860732980,481445492
13389,080531,86187678,7112290,4873821990,482754393
13424,122321,86687698,807890,4886910990,484063293
13453,109071,87187715,4319490,490,485372194
13481,463811,87687731,6935480,4913089010,486681094
13512,996941,88187749,7779710,4926178010,487989995
13547,402651,88687769,5098340,4939267020,489298895
13582,440371,89187789,6041570,4952356020,490607796
13618,122321,89687810,0679560,4965445030,491916696
13651,885831,90187829,4315120,4978534030,493225597
13685,657491,90687848,7997450,4991623040,494534497
13722,60551,91187869,9896330,5004712040,495843398
13757,327221,91687889,9027260,5017801050,497152298
13793,00511,92187910,3641860,5030890050,498461199
13825,816511,92687929,1817140,5043979060,4997701
13861,176351,93187949,4607750,5057068060,501079
13893,669721,93687968,0959030,5070157070,502387901
13928,38941,94187988,0078270,5083246070,503696801
13959,608561,94688005,9121890,5096335080,505005702
13997,516821,95188027,6527830,5109424080,506314602
14036,061161,95688049,7581750,5122513090,507623503
14072,695211,96188070,7680020,5135602090,508932403
14108,373091,96688091,2294620,514869110,510241304
14145,327221,97188112,4228580,516178010,511550204
14188,010191,97688136,9017790,5174869110,512859105
14224,32621,98188157,7292070,5187958120,514168005
14260,322121,98688178,3730660,5201047120,515476906
14302,050971,99188202,304790,5214136130,516785806
14340,279311,99688224,2289520,5227225130,518094707
14374,685022,00188243,9608150,5240314140,519403607
14410,67892,00688264,6035050,5253403140,520712508
14449,541282,01188286,8912960,5266492150,522021408
14488,087672,01688308,9978580,5279581150,523330309
14528,22632,02188332,0175850,5292670160,524639209
14566,450562,02688353,9394080,5305759160,52594811
14605,953112,03188376,5943370,5318848170,527257011
14649,272172,03688401,4380570,5331937170,528565911
14689,092762,04188424,2753850,5345026180,529874812
14728,595312,04688446,9303130,5358115180,531183712
14771,280332,05188471,4104040,5371204190,532492613
14809,186542,05688493,1498280,5384293190,533801513
14852,83182,06188518,1806250,539738220,535110414
14891,056072,06688540,1024480,541047120,536419314
14929,920492,07188562,3914090,5423560210,537728215
14975,153922,07688588,3330320,5436649210,539037115
15017,52092,08188612,6307240,5449738220,540346016
15061,162082,08688637,6591820,5462827230,541654916
15103,849132,09188662,1404420,5475916230,542963817
15148,764532,09688687,8996660,5489005240,544272717
151942,10188713,8424590,5502094240,545581618
15241,463812,10688741,0632160,5515183250,546890518
15284,784912,11188765,9081050,5528272250,548199419
15317,594292,11538784,7244640,5537434550,549115649
6.2 TABLA DE DATOS LEIDOS Y PROCESADOS DEL ACERO 1045DATOS LEIDOS Y PROCESADOS DEL ACERO 1045
Carga (kgf)Alargamiento (cm)Esfuerzo calculado (Kgf/cm^2)Deformacin calculada (cm/cm)Deformacin corregida (cm/cm)
-1,9113149850-1,0961496420-4,5786E-06
-0,9556574920-0,5480748210-2,2893E-06
-2,8669724770-1,6442244640-6,8678E-06
-1,9113149850,0002-1,0961496425,26316E-05-4,5786E-06
-1,5927624870,001-0,9134580350,000263158-3,8155E-06
-2,548419980,00216-1,4615328560,000568421-6,1048E-06
-1,9113149850,00364-1,0961496420,000957895-4,5786E-06
-0,6371049950,00528-0,3653832140,001389474-1,5262E-06
-2,548419980,00692-1,4615328560,001821053-6,1048E-06
00,0086400,0022736840
-1,9113149850,01032-1,0961496420,002715789-4,5786E-06
5,0968399590,011962,9230657130,0031473681,22095E-05
36,95208970,0135621,192226420,0035684218,85189E-05
93,972986750,0152453,894024080,0040105260,000225113
165,64729870,0170494,999635670,0044842110,000396809
245,60397550,019140,8552290,0050,000588346
332,88735980,02084190,91272940,0054842110,000797433
414,75535170,0228237,86447240,0060,000993549
491,20795110,0248281,71045810,0065263160,001176691
570,84607540,0268327,38335980,0070526320,001367465
648,57288480,0288371,9601120,0075789470,00155366
729,80377170,0308418,54647180,0081052630,001748249
818,04281350,03264469,15204690,0085894740,001959626
910,10448520,0346521,94992140,0091052630,00218016
1016,8195720,0366583,15160970,0096315790,002435797
1124,808970,0386645,0841230,0101578950,002694486
1226,745770,04036703,54543720,0106210530,002938676
1327,0899080,04208761,09335190,0110736840,003179051
1426,7969420,04368818,27588340,0114947370,003417899
1525,5482160,04532874,91028160,0119263160,003654459
1636,0858310,04692938,30421080,0123473680,003919252
1744,7123340,048561000,6021070,0127789470,004179467
1854,2943930,05021063,448020,0132105260,004441972
1968,3361880,05181128,8516150,0136315790,004715159
2087,1561670,053441196,9955260,0140631580,004999793
2207,8876660,055081266,2357040,0144947370,005289006
2329,2560650,056721335,8411480,0149263160,005579745
2457,9512740,05841409,6485570,0153684210,005888035
2586,6464830,060081483,4559660,0158105260,006196325
2719,1643220,061721559,4556750,0162421050,006513772
2856,1418960,06341638,0130660,0166842110,006841903
2998,534760,065081719,6761560,0171263160,007183005
3142,8391440,066721802,4355120,0175578950,007528687
3293,5145770,06841888,8487010,0180,007889631
3449,6053010,070081978,3675880,0184421050,008263547
3608,5628950,071722069,5306420,0188736840,008644331
3772,6173290,07342163,6167610,0193157890,009037324
3941,4501530,075082260,4433130,0197578950,009441764
4115,6982670,076722360,3755630,0201894740,009859176
4288,6725790,07842459,5772810,0206315790,010223032
4466,7433230,080082561,7018310,0210736840,010665137
4647,0440370,081722665,1052810,0215052630,011096716
4834,3527010,08342772,5278290,0219473680,011538821
5011,1496430,085082873,9218460,0223894740,011980927
5196,5471970,086762980,2483610,0228315790,012423032
5376,529460,088443083,4691780,0232736840,012865137
5553,325790,090123184,8628440,0237157890,013307242
5727,2554540,09183284,6124620,0241578950,013749348
5900,8668710,093483384,1795630,02460,014191453
6073,8405710,095123483,380930,0250315790,014623032
6252,2301730,09683585,6883470,0254736840,015065137
6433,8048930,098483689,8224460,0259157890,015507242
6614,7429150,100123793,5913960,0263473680,015938821
6806,8301730,10183903,7544930,0267894740,016380927
6997,6430170,103484013,1867080,0272315790,016823032
7192,2782870,105124124,8111040,0276631580,017254611
7383,0915390,10684234,2435520,0281052630,017696716
7574,5414880,108484344,041150,0285473680,018138821
7763,1247710,11024452,1946980,0290,018591453
7952,6632010,111884560,8960290,0294421050,019033558
8140,6093780,113524668,6841940,0298736840,019465137
8336,8377170,11524781,2222240,0303157890,019907242
8525,1021410,116884889,1929050,0307578950,020349348
8718,7820590,118525000,2694020,0311894740,020780927
8901,6309890,12025105,1342680,0316315790,021223032
9079,7021410,121885207,2590510,0320736840,021665137
9249,490520,123565304,6336190,0325157890,022107242
9423,419980,125285404,383120,0329684210,022559874
9582,6966360,126925495,7291570,03340,022991453
9737,5129460,12865584,5171610,0338421050,023433558
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16772,42610,645289619,0784950,1698105260,159401979
16776,886850,646929621,6367620,1702421050,159833558
16782,939860,64869625,1081950,1706842110,160275664
16785,488280,650289626,5697280,1711263160,160717769
16782,937820,6529625,1070260,1715789470,1611704
16783,25790,653689625,2905940,1720210530,161612506
16783,255860,655329625,2894250,1724526320,162044085
16787,082570,6579627,4840630,1728947370,16248619
16784,852190,658689626,2049290,1733368420,162928295
16794,407750,660369631,6850930,1737789470,1633704
16794,407750,662089631,6850930,1742315790,163823032
16799,506630,663729634,6093280,1746631580,164254611
16802,371050,665449636,252090,1751157890,164707242
16802,689090,667129636,434490,1755578950,165149348
16804,601430,668769637,5312240,1759894740,165580927
16810,016310,670489640,6366890,1764421050,166033558
16814,795110,672129643,3773550,1768736840,166465137
16812,564730,673889642,0982220,1773368420,166928295
16812,674140,67529642,160970,1776842110,167275664
6.3 TABLA DE DATOS LEIDOS Y PROCESADOS DEL BRONCEDATOS LEIDOS Y PROCESADOS DEL BRONCE
Carga (kgf)Alargamiento (cm)Esfuerzo calculado (Kgf/cm^2)Deformacin calculada (cm/cm)Deformacin corregida (cm/cm)
0,95565749200,54807482108,06645E-06
1,5927624870,000280,9134580357,61905E-051,34441E-05
27,714067280,0026415,894169810,0007183670,000233927
136,02191640,0072478,009316210,0019700680,001148124
285,74159020,01264163,87437150,0034394560,002411868
452,98165140,01816259,78746520,0049414970,003823496
655,26248730,02384375,79663570,0064870750,005530895
869,32976550,02956498,56539570,0080435370,007337779
1091,0427120,0354625,7189880,0096326530,009209198
1285,0409790,04068736,97805980,0110693880,010846686
1465,9790010,0458840,74700950,0124625850,012383957
1635,1300710,05064937,75607750,0137795920,013700964
1795,6807340,05561029,8327640,0151292520,015050623
1955,5940880,06061121,5439510,0164897960,016411168
2111,0477060,06561210,6974550,017850340,017771712
2264,2713560,07061298,572060,0192108840,019132256
2419,0880730,07561387,3602980,0205714290,0204928
2575,8156980,08061477,2444520,0219319730,021853344
2742,4185520,08561572,7921040,0232925170,023213889
2906,7918450,09061667,061090,0246530610,024574433
3074,9875640,09561763,5222580,0260136050,025934977
3241,2719670,10061858,8872770,027374150,027295521
3398,6369010,10561949,1369310,0287346940,028656066
3575,1149850,11062050,3480810,0300952380,03001661
3746,4962280,11562148,6361660,0314557820,031377154
3913,0990830,12062244,1838180,0328163270,032737698
4052,6250760,12562324,2027420,0341768710,034098242
4175,9049950,13062394,9044520,0355374150,035458787
4292,4950050,135642461,7694640,0369088440,036830215
4403,3514780,14082525,346260,0383129250,038234297
4505,6065240,14582583,990090,0396734690,039594841
4603,402650,15082640,0767060,0410340140,040955385
4694,1898060,15582692,1436390,0423945580,04231593
4780,8360860,16082741,8357560,0437551020,043676474
4862,0668710,16582788,4220570,0451156460,045037018
4939,1565750,17082832,6334260,046476190,046397562
5014,9722730,17582876,1141450,0478367350,047758106
5086,3280330,18082917,0370650,0491972790,049118651
5151,3127420,18582954,3061530,0505578230,050479195
5212,1563710,190842989,2003090,0519292520,051850623
5269,8140670,19583022,2673140,0532789120,053200283
5326,1979610,200963054,6037870,0546829930,054604365
5378,7592250,205923084,7479610,0560326530,055954025
5431,0018350,210843114,7093840,0573714290,0572928
5480,0589190,215923142,8438920,0587537410,058675113
5525,6118250,2213168,9687330,0601360540,060057426
5572,1204890,225883195,6417080,0614639460,061385317
5619,9033640,2313223,0454490,0628571430,062778515
5666,7306830,235963249,9011730,0642068030,064128174
5710,0536190,2413274,7471150,0655782310,065499603
5748,2801220,245923296,6702250,0669170070,066838379
5791,2846080,2513321,3335330,068299320,068220691
5833,0150870,2563345,2661920,0696598640,069581236
5874,4269110,260843369,0161010,0709768710,070898242
5917,4313970,2663393,679410,0723809520,072302324
5955,0205910,2713415,2370190,0737414970,073662868
5994,5208970,2763437,8906620,0751020410,075023413
6035,2960240,280963461,2754210,0764517010,076373072
6072,2481140,285923482,4676480,0778013610,077722732
6113,3412840,2913506,0348060,0791836730,079105045
6151,8860350,2963528,1404320,0805442180,080465589
6187,2454640,3013548,4192590,0819047620,081826134
6226,4273190,305963570,8902680,0832544220,083175793
6260,5123340,3113590,4382120,084625850,084547222
6296,5088690,3163611,0824220,0859863950,085907766
6336,0093780,320963633,7361810,0873360540,087257426
6372,3243630,3263654,5630250,0887074830,088628855
6407,6837920,3313674,8418510,0900680270,089989399
6443,9987770,3363695,6686950,0914285710,091349943
6481,9064220,340883717,4089370,0927564630,092677834
6520,4513760,3463739,514680,094149660,094071032
6557,0846080,3513760,524040,0955102040,095431576
6596,9037720,3563783,3605490,0968707480,09679212
6631,3076450,3613803,091360,0982312930,098152664
6666,6670740,3663823,3701860,0995918370,099513208
6704,2560650,3713844,9276790,1009523810,100873753
6739,9341490,3763865,3892560,1023129250,102234297
6780,7088690,3813888,7737820,1036734690,103594841
6814,793680,3863908,3216080,1050340140,104955385
6849,5162080,3913928,2351690,1063945580,10631593
6888,6980630,3963950,7061780,1077551020,107676474
6923,4201830,4013970,6195050,1091156460,109037018
6962,2835880,4063992,9078810,110476190,110397562
6996,0499490,4114012,2730740,1118367350,111758106
7036,8248730,4164035,6577170,1131972790,113118651
7071,5469930,4214055,5710440,1145578230,114479195
7107,8619780,4264076,3978870,1159183670,115839739
7143,5400610,4314096,8594640,1172789120,117200283
7181,4477060,4364118,5997060,1186394560,118560827
7227,0010190,4414144,7247820,120,119921372
7258,8558610,4464162,9937080,1213605440,121281916
7296,445260,4514184,5514350,1227210880,12264246
7331,8044850,4564204,8301450,1240816330,124003004
7366,2083590,4614224,5609550,1254421770,125363549
7403,797350,4664246,1184480,1268027210,126724093
7442,3423040,4714268,2241910,1281632650,128084637
7478,9757390,4764289,2336670,129523810,129445181
7514,3351680,4814309,5124940,1308843540,130805725
7549,3757390,4864329,6084540,1322448980,13216627
7584,0980630,4914349,5218980,1336054420,133526814
7623,2801220,4964371,9930240,1349659860,134887358
7660,8693170,5014393,5506340,1363265310,136247902
7697,8214070,5064414,742860,1376870750,137608447
7736,3663610,5114436,8486030,1390476190,138968991
7773,3182470,5164458,0407120,1404081630,140329535
7808,3592250,5214478,1369060,1417687070,141690079
7844,9926610,5264499,1463820,1431292520,143050623
7886,7229360,5314523,0789240,1444897960,144411168
7924,9492350,5364545,0019170,145850340,145771712
7963,8128440,5414567,290410,1472108840,147132256
7999,490520,5464587,7517530,1485714290,1484928
8039,6281350,5514610,7708960,1499319730,149853344
8077,8544340,5564632,6938890,1512925170,151213889
8120,5404690,5614657,1745640,1526530610,152574433
8155,2629970,5664677,0881250,1540136050,153934977
8195,0817530,5714699,92440,155374150,155295521
8231,3967380,5764720,7512430,1567346940,156656066
8269,6232420,5814742,6743530,1580952380,15801661
8305,9380220,5864763,5010790,1594557820,159377154
8344,4829770,5914785,6068220,1608163270,160737698
8381,7535170,5964806,9816820,1621768710,162098242
8421,8911310,6014830,0008240,1635374150,163458787
8460,7545360,6064852,28920,1648979590,164819331
8500,8921510,6114875,3083430,1662585030,166179875
8539,4369010,6164897,4139690,1676190480,167540419
8578,3003060,6214919,7023450,1689795920,168900964
8618,7565750,6264942,9042370,1703401360,170261508
8659,2128440,6314966,106130,171700680,171622052
8698,0762490,6364988,3945060,1730612240,172982596
8737,8954130,6415011,2310150,1744217690,17434314
8776,7588180,6465033,5193920,1757823130,175703685
8815,6220180,6515055,8076510,1771428570,177064229
8856,0782870,6565079,0095430,1785034010,178424773
8897,1716620,6615102,5768190,1798639460,179785317
8938,2648320,6665126,1439780,181224490,181145861
8977,1282360,6715148,4323540,1825850340,182506406
9015,6731910,6765170,5380970,1839455780,18386695
9056,4477060,6815193,9225060,1853061220,185227494
9092,4442410,6865214,5667160,1866666670,186588038
9127,8034660,6915234,8454260,1880272110,187948583
9173,037920,6965260,7876340,1893877550,189309127
9212,8568810,7015283,6240260,1907482990,190669671
9256,4986750,7065308,6528350,1921088440,192030215
9297,2733940,7115332,0373610,1934693880,193390759
9336,7739040,7165354,691120,1948299320,194751304
9379,1412840,7215378,9890450,1961904760,196111848
9417,3677880,7265400,9121550,197551020,197472392
9460,3722730,7315425,5754630,1989115650,198832936
9500,1914370,7365448,4119730,2002721090,200193481
9541,9219160,7415472,3446320,2016326530,201554025
9584,9261980,7465497,0078230,2029931970,202914569
9623,4713560,7515519,1136830,2043537410,204275113
9668,0687050,7565544,6905080,2057142860,205635657
9711,7102960,7615569,71920,207074830,206996202
9752,1663610,7665592,9209750,2084353740,208356746
9794,5339450,7715617,2190180,2097959180,20971729
9831,8044850,7765638,5938770,2111564630,211077834
9877,3575940,7815664,7188350,2125170070,212438379
9923,2291540,7865691,0264270,2138775510,213798923
9964,9594290,7915714,9589690,2152380950,215159467
10007,964120,7965739,6223940,2165986390,216520011
10046,190210,8015761,545270,2179591840,217880555
10092,061980,8065787,8529790,2193197280,2192411
10132,836490,8115811,2373870,2206802720,220601644
10173,610810,8165834,6216790,2220408160,221962188
10219,804280,8215861,1138910,2234013610,223322732
10263,443430,8265886,141180,2247619050,224683276
10305,494390,8315910,2576410,2261224490,226043821
10348,179410,8365934,7377320,2274829930,227404365
10387,363910,8415957,2102610,2288435370,228764909
10433,869520,8465983,8814820,2302040820,230125453
10474,962280,8516007,4484070,2315646260,231485998
10523,700310,8566035,3999310,232925170,232846542
10566,387360,8616059,8811910,2342857140,234207086
10611,940880,865966086,0063830,2356353740,235556746
10651,441390,8716108,6601420,2370068030,236928174
10695,404690,8766133,8733380,2383673470,238288719
10739,677880,8816159,2642560,2397278910,239649263
10785,551480,8866185,5730160,2410884350,241009807
10828,874620,8916210,4190750,242448980,242370351
10871,241590,8966234,7167660,2438095240,243730896
10913,930680,9016259,1991960,2451700680,24509144
10957,889910,9066284,4100530,2465306120,246451984
11000,574920,9116308,8901430,2478911560,247812528
11045,806320,9166334,8305980,2492517010,249173072
11088,813460,9216359,4954260,2506122450,250533617
11135,641180,9266386,3513850,2519727890,251894161
11173,867480,9316408,2743780,2533333330,253254705
11220,693170,9366435,1291670,2546938780,254615249
11266,884810,9416461,6203270,2560544220,255975793
11311,482160,9466487,1971520,2574149660,257336338
11355,123340,9516512,225610,258775510,258696882
11397,172270,9566536,3409020,2601360540,260057426
11441,769620,9616561,9177270,2614965990,26141797
11487,003060,9666587,8593510,2628571430,262778515
11529,690110,9716612,340610,2642176870,264139059
11574,927620,9766638,2845730,2655782310,265499603
11618,246690,9816663,1282930,2669387760,266860147
11661,889910,9866688,157920,268299320,268220691
11706,485220,9916713,7335750,2696598640,269581236
11749,492350,9966738,3984040,2710204080,27094178
11792,815491,0016763,2444630,2723809520,272302324
11833,272171,0066786,4465890,2737414970,273662868
11883,600411,0116815,3101090,2751020410,275023413
11927,241591,0166840,3385670,2764625850,276383957
11970,566771,0216865,1857950,2778231290,277744501
12014,846081,0266890,580220,2791836730,279105045
12054,348621,0316913,2351490,2805442180,280465589
12098,945971,0366938,8119740,2819047620,281826134
12142,90521,0416964,0228310,2832653060,283186678
12190,366971,0466991,2424190,284625850,284547222
12232,41591,0517015,3577110,2859863950,285907766
12274,464831,0567039,4730030,2873469390,28726831
12319,062181,0617065,0498280,2887074830,288628855
12363,661571,0667090,6278220,2900680270,289989399
12407,940881,0717116,0222480,2914285710,291349943
12451,90011,0767141,2331050,2927891160,292710487
12492,358821,0817164,4364010,294149660,294071032
12536,318041,0867189,6472580,2955102040,295431576
12579,32111,0917214,3097480,2968707480,29679212
12623,918451,0967239,8865730,2982312930,298152664
12665,329261,1017263,6358970,2995918370,299513208
12705,149851,1067286,4732250,3009523810,300873753
12751,657491,1117313,1456150,3023129250,302234297
12794,662591,1167337,8092740,3036734690,303594841
12834,16311,1217360,4630340,3050340140,304955385
12877,486241,1267385,3090920,3063945580,30631593
12916,986751,1317407,9628520,3077551020,307676474
12962,540271,1367434,0880440,3091156460,309037018
13001,722731,1417456,5594040,310476190,310397562
13046,318041,1467482,1350590,3118367350,311758106
13087,092761,1517505,5195850,3131972790,313118651
13127,233441,1567528,5404810,3145578230,314479195
13166,413861,1617551,0106720,3159183670,315839739
13210,055051,1667576,039130,3172789120,317200283
13252,106011,1717600,1555910,3186394560,318560827
13292,240571,1767623,172980,320,319921372
13331,104991,1817645,4619410,3213605440,321281916
13374,748221,1867670,4915680,3227210880,32264246
13414,568811,1917693,3288960,3240816330,324003004
13453,431191,1967715,6166870,3254421770,325363549
13493,565751,2017738,6340760,3268027210,326724093
13534,022431,2067761,8362020,3281632650,328084637
13575,435271,2117785,5866960,329523810,329445181
13615,891951,2167808,7888220,3308843540,330805725
13654,756371,2217831,0777830,3322448980,33216627
13696,801221,2267855,1907360,3336054420,333526814
13738,852191,2317879,3071980,3349659860,334887358
13779,308871,2367902,5093240,3363265310,336247902
13822,311931,2417927,1718140,3376870750,337608447
13862,76861,2467950,3739410,3390476190,338968991
13903,86341,2517973,9420350,3404081630,340329535
13947,184511,2567998,7869240,3417687070,341690079
13987,325181,2618021,807820,3431292520,343050623
14031,600411,2668047,1999080,3444897960,344411168
14070,148831,2718069,3076380,345850340,345771712
14110,283381,2768092,3250270,3472108840,347132256
14148,83181,2818114,4327580,3485714290,3484928
14188,010191,2868136,9017790,3499319730,349853344
14229,104991,2918160,4698730,3512925170,351213889
14265,100921,2968181,1137330,3526530610,352574433
14299,506631,3018200,8455950,3540136050,353934977
14270,197761,306128184,0367980,3554068030,355328174
14217,319061,31128153,7105760,3567891160,356710487
14188,648321,316328137,2677470,3581823130,358103685
14146,601431,32148113,1536240,3595646260,359485998
14099,453621,326488086,1140970,3609469390,36086831
14057,724771,331528062,1823730,3623183670,362239739
13956,422021,336648004,0846880,3637115650,363632936
13709,227321,341887862,3171710,3651374150,365058787
13227,575941,347087586,0874610,3665523810,366473753
12451,688751,3527141,1118950,3678911560,367812528
7. GRAFICAS
7.1 GRAFICAS DEL ALUMINIO
Fig.5 Esfuerzo calculado vs deformacin calculada
Fig.6 Regresin lineal de la recta pendiente
Fig.7 Esfuerzo calculado vs deformacin corregida, recta para hallar el f
7.2 GRAFICAS DEL ACERO 1045
Fig.8 Esfuerzo calculado vs deformacin calculado
Fig.9 Regresin lineal de la recta pendiente
Fig.10 Esfuerzo calculado vs deformacin corregido, recta para hallar f
7.3 GRAFICAS DEL BRONCE
Fig.11 Esfuerzo calculado vs deformacin calculado
Fig.12 Regresin lineal de la recta pendiente
Fig.13 Esfuerzo calculado vs deformacin corregido, recta para hallar f
8. RESULTADOS
E, en y en
Fig.14 Resultados de la prueba de compresin del bronce, del acero 1045 y aluminio
9. CONCLUCIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES
Se pudo observar con las grficas obtenidas que en la probeta de aluminio no habra ruptura porque la pendiente de la grfica es creciente. Para determinar visualmente cuando la probeta de acero va a entrar en ruptura, toma la forma de una s. Se observ que el cizallante del bronce fue a 45. Podemos inferir despus de estos anlisis, que el mdulo de rigidez del acero es mucho mayor que la del aluminio y del bronce. Al someter una probeta a una carga en compresin, inicialmente hay que aplicar una carga muy grande para alcanzar una pequea variacin en la deformacin, en donde se encuentra un punto gua al cual se le llama punto pivote. A medida que se aplica ms carga la probeta se deforma gradualmente hasta que se alcanza el punto de fluencia en donde sucede lo contrario, se encuentra un gran aumento de la deformacin con una pequea diferencia en el aumento de la carga. Una vez el material se ha deformado plsticamente queda deformado permanentemente. No se obtuvo el esfuerzo de ruptura del acero, por cuestiones de seguridad para el personal. Una sugerencia constructiva para las prximas prcticas de compresin con la maquina universal, es la de implementar una barrera de acrlico alrededor de la mquina, con el fin de prevenir accidentes y causar daos en las instalaciones del laboratorio.
10. BIBLIOGRAFIA
Pytel Andrew, Singer Ferdinand L.Resistencia de materiales.4ta Ed. Alfaomega. Pp 1-51, 1994.
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