Injury prevention in Sport

Riga, 2014. 24-26. 09

Swimming Coach sins 1997. Olympics Games, as the coach: Atlanta 1996, Sydney, 2000, Athens 2004. Now-Latvian Swimming Federation, Head Coach Latvian Sport Academy. Swimming Department. Ph.D., Prof. in Sport Science.

EDUCATION? INFORMATION?

ГДЕ ГЛАВНОЕ??

Elena Solovjova

Swimming Coach sins 1997. Olympics Games, as the coach: Atlanta 1996, Sydney, 2000, Athens 2004. Latvian Swimming Federation Head Coach . Latvian Sport Academy. Swimming Department. Ph.D., Assoc. Prof. in Sport Science sins 1993.

Injuries. What does it means? Why happens?

1.Traumatic injuries account for most injuries in contact sports such as Ice Hockey, Association football, rugby league, rugby union, Australian rules football, American football etc., because of the dynamic and high collision nature of these sports. 2. Support –locomotors apparatus problems. 3. Loads

Posture is the normal stance of a vertically situated person. Posture is determined by movement stereotype, skeletal and muscular balance

The uniqueness of posture is related to the make-up of a person’s organism and their muscle movement, which is under the person’s sub-conscious control

Non-optimum static posture can be described as:

Asymmetric positioning of skeleton and specific muscles, which eventually lead to "falling" forward, backwards, or "falling" to either side of optimum body positions. Is it important?

Poor Posture

Cardiovascular System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nervous System

Body Adaptations

2

Poor Posture Negative influence of training process

Deviations from correct posture, as a result of a

specific sport or excessive training loads

The high incidence of postural disorders in certain branches of sport, especially among adolescents has questioned the influence of sports activities on the posture of athletes.

(Grabara, & Hadzik, 2009, Slawinska, Rozek, & Ignasiak, 2006, Micheli 1983, Sward, Hellstrom, & Jacobsonn, 1990, V. Janda, 1994, H.Kendall, F.Kendall, 1982, Dejan Stošić, Saša Milenković, Dobrica Živković, 2011, Muyor, Alacid, Lopez – Minarro,2011; Rajabi, Doherty, Goodarzi, & Hemayattalab, 2008, etc).

Point of view

• We need to get away from the concept of “ideal

posture” and instead think in terms of individual needs and sport specificity.

• An ideal posture for the handshake to start the game is not an ideal posture for passing a volleyball or tackling a rusher.

• A posture that works well for one athlete may not work as well for another. Vern Gambetta

• President of Gambetta Sports Training Systems in Sarasota, Fla. Training & Conditioning, 16.2, March 2006

• Dynamic posture allows the body to maintain normal length-tension relationships among its muscles during movement.

• Each posture in movement is a momentary alignment of body segments, and successful movement is determined by the ease of transition from each posture to the next.

2010/2011 Jelena Solovjova

Vern Gambetta, President of Gambetta Sports Training Systems in Sarasota, Fla. Training & Conditioning, 16.2, March 2006

Do you have specifics injuries in your sport? Location Age Reasons

Stājas novērtējums bērniem ar paaugstinātu fizisko

slodzi atsevišķos sporta veidos 2005. gadā (%)

12,3 11,7 9,9 9,7 9,0 8,6 8,6 8,5 6,2 5,5 4,5 1,8

87,7 88,3 90,1 90,3 91,0 91,4 91,6 91,5 93,8 94,5 95,5 98,2

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

120,0

Bas

ketb

ols

Sm

aiļoša

na

Volejbo

ls

Vieglat

lētik

a

Peldē

šana

Brīv

ā cīņa

Futb

ols

Hok

ejs

Spo

rta v

ingr

ošan

a

Teniss

Džu

do

Kalnu

slē

poša

na

Pareiza stāja Stājas traucējumi

Sporta medicīnas valsts aģentūra

Proportion of disorders of movement patterns (breathing, body bending forward and walking) in 38 athletes and 32 music school students aged 10-15 with MAJOR changes in the musculoskeletal system depending on the kind of

sports and the musical instrument (%), prior to functional physical rehabilitation.

100% 100%

84% 82% 82% 80% 78%

62% 60%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

footb

all,

hock

ey

flute

vio

lin

bask

etb

all

taekw

ondo

saxo

phone

tennis

swim

min

g

pia

no

Similar changes of the posture can be considered as the result of professional activity influence of sport

Deviations of the body vertical line from the side, vertical line parameters, cm. N-optimal position; A-ice-hockey players (n=29), B-swimmers (n=30), C-

basketball players (n=24), D- handball players (n=25) and E-cyclists (n=22) average data.

Muscle testing

Postural muscles

Weakened muscles

• When and how do coaches draw the line of balance between functional and detrimental musculoskeletal changes?

• When an athlete sees a physiotherapist to start correcting muscle imbalance may already be too late.

• How do we educate coaches that the antagonist muscle groups need to be incorporated into their training schedules?

• How much of these exercises/activities do coaches need to enforce upon their athletes?

2011.g. 11. martā Jeļena Solovjova

Postures specifics in sport..

•In a typical 2-hour pool session, an elite-level competitive swimmer may swim between 6,000 and 7,000 km, or about 3.5 to 4 km. •This amounts to swimming an average of 20 to 40 km per week, which is the aerobic equivalent of running 80 to 160 km. • This high yardage means that competitive swimmers perform between 1,500 and 4,000 stroke cycles per day, about 1,000,000 stroke cycles per year. • Since female swimmers, on average, have shorter arm strokes, they may perform an additional 660,000 stroke cycles per year.

Shoulder Pain in Competitive Swimmers

How to avoid and fix swimming shoulder,

knee, back injurys

Many people spend a lot of money every year visiting a physiotherapist in an effort to manage a shoulder injury but overlook what is actually causing that pain in the first place.

Developing and maintaining of good body posture.

Inquiry results of Latvian best swimmers n=51, age -14-18, (number of answers)

I often felt pain during the trainings

45-yes 6-no In shoulder

In knee joints

In neck area

In low back

22

11

8

15

Swim. with paddles

Swim. more 60 min.

Swim. with max speed

In Jim: big weights

In begin. of season

Kick with board

13

10

3

21

19

12

84

60

41

41

70

21

49

77.2

64

100

22.3

88.9

54.4

0

73.7

57.9

84.2

21.1

95

5

63.2

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

M.m.erector cervicis

M.pectorales major

M.pectorales major

(upper part)

M.iliopsoas

M.hamstrings

M.quadriceps femoris

M.triceps surae

Swimmers Hockey players Basketball players

Results of swimmer, ice-hockey and basketball player postural muscle length, % of total number

47

70

70

77.8

54.4

54.4

57.9

42.1

26.3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

M.rectus abdominis

M.trapec (lower part)

M.gluteus medium

Swimmers Hockey players Basketball players

Results of swimmer, ice-hockey and basketball player phasic muscle strength, % of total number.

The upper cross syndrome is characteristic for swimmers. The spine hyper-kiphozis of the chest part and the shortening of the small chest and upper trapezius muscles have been shown. The lower cross syndrome is characteristic for ice-hockey players: hyper-lordosis and the shortening of the pelvic muscles of the chest-pelvis area at weakened major hip muscles and m. rectus abdominis have been stated.

How long and healhy is life in ‘’champion’’ sport?

• SELECTION IN SPORT?

• Sport ‘’specifics’’?

• Optimal loads?

Methods to find out..

• identification of possible muscular imbalance

(by testing postural and physical muscles)

• evaluation of the character of postural balance disorders

• study of character of movement patterns

• identification of hypermobility

• identification of existence of functional blocks

• study of mobility of surface fascia

• identification of pain trigger zones

Reasons..

• a birth injury

• Genetics

• Overloaded joints

• Early specialization in sport

Dynamic stereotype building

2011.g. 11. martā

2011.g. 11. martā Jeļena Solovjova

Sport specifics

• Movements: amplitude, range, amount, trajectory etc.

• How many..

• How often • Exercises design

• Age& experience

2010/2011 NORD PLUS Jelena Solovjova

Why is the gastrocnemius important to the shoulder???

Your foot bone connected to your ankle bone, Your ankle bone connected to your leg bone, Your leg bone connected to your knee bone, Your knee bone connected to your thigh bone, Your thigh bone connected to your hip bone, Your hip bone connected to your back bone, Your back bone connected to your shoulder bone…

Back muscles. ‘’Long line’’. ‘’Anatomy trains’’, W Mjaers, 2007.

BOOKS!!!! TO UNDERSTAND THE MOVEMENT

J

Muscle front line. ‘’Anatomy trains’’, W Mjaers, 2007.

J

Hands line. ‘’Anatomy trains’’, W Mjaers, 2007.

2011.g. 11. martā Jeļena Solovjova

2011.g. 11. martā Jeļena Solovjova

2011.g. 11. martā Jeļena Solovjova

What to do?

Body balance. Gliding and water resistance

Body ‘’line’’

ЖЕЛАЕМЫЙ РЕЗУЛЬТАТ СТРАТЕГИЯ

ПЛАН ОСНОВНОЕ ЗВЕНО

РЕШЕНИЕ ДЕИСТВИЕ.

КОНТРОЛЬ

Treatment and prevention methods

• Correction of the muscular imbalance

• Movement stereotypes correction

• Sensor-motor activation

• Correction of Equilibrium

• Activation of the deep stabilization system

• Decreasing of miofascial pains (Trigger point)

Deep stabilization system

• m. diafragma

• M.m. multifidi

• m. transverses abdominis

• Muscles of pelvic base

• Foot propriorection

Methods, resources

Movement stereotypes correction: • Simple movements- • Breathing • Walking • Body bending

2011.g. 11. martā Jeļena Solovjova

‘’self correction’’ To make habit

A. Abnormal abduction due to FW m.trapecius

B. Abnormal flection due to FW m. pectoralis min.

• Motions patterns

A

B

A. Abnormal flection due to FW m. piriformis

B. Abnormal extension due to FW m. biceps femoris

A B

Abnormal Body flexion

J

Movements in joints

2011.g. 11. martā Jeļena Solovjova

Movements in joints

2011.g. 11. martā Jeļena Solovjova

How to avoid and fix swimming shoulder injury

2011.g. 11. martā Jeļena Solovjova

2011.g. 11. martā Jeļena Solovjova

However, participation in any sport should not affect an athlete’s posture to the extent that joint/muscle pain occurs due to muscle imbalance. If the correct training program is adopted (one that incorporates strengthening of antagonistic muscles) a more neutral balanced posture should be maintained throughout the course of an athlete’s career. This should allow the athlete to maintain superior athletic performances with minimal injuries due to postural changes. Yet, in order to achieve a neutral posture, athletes must spend equal time working on the antagonist muscle groups. This may not feasible due to time and physical limitations.

Exercises

• Common-patterns

• Little muscles-how to switch on?

• Shoulders

• Knee

• Lower back

• Movement imagination-

visualization

• How to relax??

• How to switch from tension to relaxation?

• How the body moves in the water? • Drills to improve swimming technique. • Drills to improve strength in the water • Less efforts – better result.

Muscles cord for every sport