View
32
Download
0
Category
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
botany chemistry health-herbs
Citation preview
PCSI TUDOMNYEGYETEM LTALNOS ORVOSTUDOMNYI KAR
GYGYSZERSZTUDOMNYI SZAK FARMAKOGNZIAI TANSZK
GYGYNVNYEK HATANYAGAI S SZERKEZETI KPLETEI
Egyetemi jegyzet gygyszerszhallgatk rszre
Dr. Papp Nra PhD egyetemi adjunktus
Pcs 2011
1
Tartalom
Bevezets .............................................................................................................................2 Szerkezeti kpletek ...........................................................................................................3 Drogok s anyanvnyeik ................................................................................................67 Nvnyi hatanyagok nvmutatja......................................................................................71 Drogok nvmutatja ............................................................................................................78 Felhasznlt irodalom ............................................................................................................81
Lektorlta: Prof. Dr. Molnr Pter
2
Bevezets
A nvnyek specilis metabolizmusuk, msodlagos anyagcserjk sorn szmos vegyletet, vegyletcsoportot tartalmaznak. Bizonyos komponensek gygyszati jelentsge tudomnyos (pl. mikrobiolgiai, farmakolgiai) bizonytst nyert, gy ezeket a vegyleteket hatanyagoknak nevezzk. Egy-egy nvnycsald, nemzetsg vagy gygynvnyfaj sajtos, egyedi hatanyagspektrumot mutathat, gy jelenltk kemotaxonmiai szereppel br.
Gygyszati alkalmazsuk mellett jelents feladatot ltnak el tbbek kztt a nvnyek ellenllkpessgnek fokozsban (stresszfaktorok), az egyes taxonok krnyezeti tnyezkhz val adaptcijban, de felelsek lehetnek az egyes nvnyi rszek (pl. virg, terms, mag) sznrt, illatrt, gy a megporzsrt is.
Jelen sszelltsunk kzel sem teljes, vlogatst nyjt a gygynvnyek szles hatanyagspektrumbl, mely a Pcsi Tudomnyegyetem Gygyszersztudomnyi Szakon oktatott Farmakobotanika s Farmakognzia tantrgyainak ktelez s felismerend, sszesen 325 nvnyi vegyletnek szerkezeti kpleteire tmaszkodik. A komponenseket a tanult 145 nvnyi drog szerinti csoportostsban mutatjuk be, kiemelve a drogok f hatanyagait. A kiadvny vgn tallhat hatanyagok s drogok szerinti nvmutatk betrendben segtik a gyors keresst s eligazodst, kiegsztve fggelkknt a drogok anyanvnyeivel.
Remljk, hogy jegyzetnk segtsget nyjt a gygyszerszhallgatk nvnykmiai ismereteihez, a tjkozdshoz, a szmonkrsekre s vizsgkra val felkszlshez. Kvnjuk, hogy forgassk haszonnal sszelltsunkat.
Pcs, 2011. februr 10. Papp Nra
3
Aminosavak, alkaloid alapvzak
HNH2
COOH
C
CH2
SH
HNH2
COOH
C
CH2
CH2
COOH
HNH2
COOH
C
CH2
CH2
NH2
C O
cisztein glutaminsav glutamin
HNH2
COOH
C
CH2
CH2
COOH
CH2
HNH2
COOH
C
O
NH2
C
NCOOH
H
aszparaginsav aszparagin prolin
CH2
HNH2
COOH
C
HNH2
COOH
C
CH3
NH2
COOH
CH2
fenilalanin alanin glicin
4
CH2
OH
HNH2
COOH
C
N
CH2
H
CH COOH
NH2
N
NCH2 CH
NH2
COOH
H
tirozin triptofn hisztidin
NH2NH2
H
COOH
NH2
COOH
NH2
NH2
COOH
CH
CH2CH2CH2NH C
O
NH2
lizin ornitin citrullin
NH2
COOH
CH
CH2CH2CH2NH NH2C
NH
NH2
COOH
CH
CH2CH2 S CH3
arginin metionin
5
NH
N
N
H
N
piperidin piridin pirrol pirrolizidin
N
H
. .
N
H
N
pirrolidin indol izokinolin
N
NH2
COOH
kinolin antranilsav
6
Fenoloidok, fenolok, flavonoidok
O
OOH
OH
OHOH
OH
O
OOH
OH
OH
OH
kvercetin kempferol
CHOH
OH
CH COOH
O
O
O
O
O
O
kvsav kinon antrakinon naftokinon
7
Plantaginis lanceolatae folium lndzss tif levl
O
OOHOH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
szkutellarin luteolin
O
OH
OH
O
OH
COOH
OHO
CH3
COOH
OH
apigenin vanillinsav para-hidroxi-benzoesav
OHOH
COOH
CHOH
OH
CHO
O
OH
OH
OH
COOH
C
protokatechusav klorognsav
8
O
CH2 O
CO
O
OC
O
CH3 gl
O
OH
OCH2OH O Gl
O
OH
OHO-H2C Gl
aszperulozid katalpol aukubin
Farfarae folium, F. flos martilapu levl, virg
N
OOO
H
O
CH3
OOH
N OH
O O
szenkirgin tusszilagin
Lini semen lenmag
CCNCH3
O glCH2CH3
CCNCH3
CH3 O glkz
lotausztralin linamarin
9
Echinaceae radix kasvirg gykr
N
O
H
OH
OH
O
O COOH
OHOOC
O
OH
OH
echinacein cikriasav
OH
OHCH2CH2OOH
OCH2
O
OCH2OH
OH
OHOH
O
O
CH CCH
CH
CH
O
OH OH
OCH3OH
echinakozid
Oleum ricini ricinusolaj
H3C (CH2)5 CH
OH
CH2 CH CH (CH2)7 COOH
N O
O CH3N
CH3
C :
ricinolsav ricinin
10
Visci stipes fagyngy kocsny
OH
O
O
O
OO
OHO
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH
O OO
CH CH2OH
CH3 CH3gl
sziringarezinol sziringin
CH2 CH2 NCH3
CH3CH3
OHOCH3
O
C+
CH2OH CH2 NCH3
CH3CH3
OH+
acetilkolin kolin
N
NCH2
H
CH2
NH2
OH CH2 CH2 NH2
CH2
HNH2
COOH
C
hisztamin tiramin fenilalanin
11
Lavandulae flos levendula virg
OH
O
OH
OH
-terpineol kmfor borneol linalool
O C CH3
O
linalilacett
Menthae piperitae folium borsosmenta levl
OH
O
linalool limonn cineol
O
O OC CH3
OH
O
piperiton mentilacett mentol menton
12
Menthae crispae folium fodormenta levl
OH
OH
O
karveol dihidrokarveol karvon
Melissae folium citromf levl
CH2OH
O
H
H
OC
OH
citronellol citronellal citrl linalool
CH2OH
geraniol germakrn-D -kariofilln
13
Thymi herba (kerti) kakukkf
CH3
OHCHCH3 CH3
CH3
CHCH3 CH3
OH
CHCH3 CH3
CH3
OH
timol karvakrol p-cimol borneol
CH2OH
OH
OH
OH
geraniol linalool terpinn-4-ol -terpineol
Serpylli herba mezei kakukkf
O
OH
OH CH2 CH C OH
O
OCHC CH OH
OH
O
-pinn cineol rozmarinsav
14
Origani herba szurokf
CH3
OHCHCH3 CH3
CH3
CHCH3 CH3
OH
CHCH3 CH3
CH3
timol karvakrol p-cimol
O
-tujon limonn -terpinn
Hyssopi herba izsp f
O
OH
OO
O
-pinn -pinn kampfn cineol marrubiin
15
Majoranae herba majoranna f
OH
OH
CHOH
OH
CH COOH
-terpineol terpinn-4-ol szabinn kvsav
OH
OH CH2 CH C OH
O
OCHC CH OH
OH
O
rozmarinsav
OH
COOH
HO
COOH
urzolsav oleanolsav
16
Rosmarini folium rozmaring levl
OHOH
OHO
CO
OH
COOH
-pinn limonn rozmanol urzolsav
CH2OH
OH
OH
CH3
OH
CH3
betulin -amirin -amirin
OH
OH CH2 CH C OH
O
OCHC CH OH
OH
O
O
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
rozmarinsav luteolin
17
Salviae folium (orvosi) zslya levl
O
O
OH
O
O CH3O
C
tujon cineol borneol kmfor bornilacett
OH
O
OHCO
OH3C-O
O
O-CH3
O-CH3
OH
karnosol salvigenin
Rosae petalum (parlagi) rzsa szirom
CH2OH
CH2OH
H
OC
O
H
citronellol nerol citrl citronellal
CH2OH
CH2-CH2OH
geraniol fenetilalkohol
18
Juniperi fructus borka terms
O C
O
CH3
terpenilacett -pinn -pinn
Eucalypti folium eukaliptusz levl
O
H
H
OC
CH2OH
citronellal citrl geraniol -fellandrn
CHCH3 CH3
CH3
O
p-cimol -pinn cineol
19
Carvi fructus (konyha)kmny terms
O
O
karvon dihidrokarvon limonn szabinn
OH
OH
O
OOH
OH
OH
OH
karveol dihidrokarveol kempferol
O
OOH
OH
OHOH
OH
O
OOH
OH
OH
OH
OCH3
kvercetin izoramnetin
20
Coriandri fructus koriander terms
O
CH2OH
CH2OH
kmfor citronellol geraniol -pinn
CHCH3 CH3
CH3
OH
-terpinn p-cimol limonn linalool
Aurantii epi- et mesocarpium narancs (kls+kzps) termsfal
H
OC
O
OOH
OH
OH
limonn -terpinn citrl naringenin
neoheszperidin
O
OOH
O
O
OHO
O
OHOH
CH2OH
O
OHOHOH
CH3
CH3
21
Cardamomi fructus kardamom terms
O
OH
O C
O
CH3
cineol -terpineol terpenilacett limonn
O
-terpinn szabinn kmfor
Euphrasiae herba szemvidtf
O
OH
OCH2OH O Gl
O
OH
OHO-H2C Gl
katalpol aukubin
22
Tanaceti herba (gilisztaz) vardicsf
O
O
H
OH
tujon umbellulon tujilalkohol
O
OH
kmfor borneol kamazuln
Centaurii herba ezerjf
O
O
O
O gl
O
O
O
O gl
O O
CH
O
genciopikrin sverozid eritrocentaurin
23
Valerianae radix macskagykr
O CH3O
C
O
OH
O
O
H
bornilacett valeranon valernsav valeranal
O
CH2
OO
O
CH2C CH
CH3
CH3
O CH3C
O
O
CCH2CHCH3
CH3
O
valtrt
O
CH2
OO
O
CH2C CH
CH3
CH3
O C
O
O
C
O
CH3
CH2 CHCH3
CH3
izovaltrt
24
Gentianae radix trnicsgykr
O
O
O
O gl
O
O OH
O-CH3
OH
genciopikrin gentizin
Matricariae flos kamillavirg
O
O
OH
O CH3
O
C
OH
OH
matricin kamazuln -bizabolol spatulenol
O
OH
OH
O
OH
O
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
farnezn apigenin luteolin
25
Millefolii herba cickafarkf
O
O
-pinn -pinn kampfn cineol kmfor
OH
O CH3O
C
OH
borneol bornilacett szabinn -terpinn terpinn-4-ol
CHCH3 CH3
CH3
O
O
O
p-cimol kamazuln achillin
O
O
OH
O CH3
O
C
O
OH
OH
O
OH
matricin apigenin
26
Petasitidis folium acsalapu levl
O
OH
petazol
Absinthi herba fehr rmf
O
OH
OH
OH
tujon tujol spatulenol -bizabolol
OH
O
OO
O
O
OH
linalool cineol abszintin
27
Artemisiae vulgaris herba fekete rmf
O
OH
OH
OO
OH
kmfor borneol terpinn-4-ol vulgarin
OO
OO
OH
O OOH
O OOH
OH
pszilosztachin umbelliferon eszkuletin
Cardui benedicti herba benedekf
CHCH3 CH3
CH3
O
H
OC
CH CHH
OC
COOH
p-cimol fenchon citrl fahjaldehid benzoesav
28
CH2
O
OOOH
O
CH2OHCH
CH2OH
C C
OO
O
OO
OH
CH3
CH3
CH3
knicin arctigenin
Arnicae flos rnikavirg
CH3
OHCHCH3 CH3
O
OO
O
O H
CH3CH3
OH
CC C
timol rnifolintiglint -fellandrn mircn
CHOH
OH
CH COOH
O OOH
-kadinn kvsav umbelliferon
29
Bardanae radix bojtorjngykr
O
O
H
O
S SCCH3 CC
dehidrokosztuszlakton arctinl
H3C CH CH (C C)4 CH CH2
O
OO
O
OO
CH3
Gl
CH3
CH3
trideka-1,11-din-3,5,7,9-tetrain arctiin
Pyrethri flos rovarporvirg
O
OCH2
O
CH CH CH2CH
C
piretrin
30
Colophonium hegedgyanta
HOOC
abietinsav
Cichorii radix, C. folium katnggykr s -levl
O
CH2OHO
O
OH
O
CH2OHO
O
O CH2
O
OHC
laktucin laktukopikrin
CHOH
OH
CHO
O
OH
OH
OH
COOH
C
O O
OH
OGl
klorognsav cichoriin
31
Taraxaci radix, T. herba pongyola pitypang gykr s -f
OO
O
OGl
O O
OH
OGl
taraxakolid--D-glkozid taraxaszterol
OH CH2O
H O
HO
OO
CH2OH
HOHH
H
OHOC
taraxakozid
Marrubii herba pemetef
OH
OO
O
OH
COOH
marrubiin urzolsav
32
Saponariae albae radix, Saponariae rubrae radix fehr s vrs szappangykr
OHCHO
COOHH
gipszogenin
Liquiritiae radix desgykr
OH
O
O
OH
Gl
OOH
O
OGl
izolikviritin likviritin
O
O
COOH
O
O
COOH
OH
OH
OOH
OH
OH
glicirrhizinsav
33
Primulae radix kankalingykr
primulasav-A
Hederae helicis folium borostynlevl
-elemn germakrn
COO
OL-araL-ra
D-gl--D-gl--L-ra
hederakozid-B
34
Verbasci flos krfarkkr virg
O
OH
OCH2OH O Gl
O
OH
OHO-H2C Gl
katalpol aukubin
CH2OH
OH
CH2OHOfukgl
gl
ra
verbaszkoszaponin
Veronicae herba veronikaf
OH
OH
OO
OOCH2
O
OH
Gl
C
OO
OOCH2
O
OH
Gl
C
O
OH
OCH2OH O Gl
verpozid verinakozid katalpol
35
Betulae folium nyrlevl
O
O
OH
OH
CH2
O
CH3
O
CH3
O
CC
C
O
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
O Gal
triterpnszaponin-1 hiperozid
Ononidis radix iglicegykr
OH
OH
O
OOCH3
OGl
-onocerin (=onocol) ononin
OHO
OCH3O
formononetin
36
Herniariae herba porcikaf
O OCH3O
O OOH
HO
HO
C
COOH
O R
O
herniarin umbelliferon R=1--D-glkz6-1- -D-glkz = herniariaszaponin I.
R=1--L-ramnz2-1-D-glkz 4-1-D-glkz = herniariaszaponin II.
Solidaginis virgaureae herba kznsges aranyvesszf
O
OOH
OH
OHOH
OH
O
OOH
OH
OH
OH
HO
COOH
kvercetin kempferol oleanolsav
Hippocastani semen, H. folium,H. cortex vadgesztenye mag, levl, kreg
HO
OCH2OH
C CH3
O
O O
O
OH
Gl
protoeszcigenin eszkulin
37
Calendulae flos - krmvirg
HO
COOH
O
O
OOH
OH
OHOH
OH
oleanolsav -jonon kvercetin
Ginseng radix - ginszenggykr
COOH
OHO
CH3
OH
COOH
OH
H
OC
vanillinsav szalicilsav -terpineol citrl
OHOH
OH
limonn protopanaxadiol
38
Urticae folium, U. radix csalnlevl, gykr
CH2 CH2 NCH3
CH3CH3
OHOCH3
O
C+
N
CH2OH
H
CH2 NH2
acetilkolin szerotonin
N
NCH2
H
CH2
NH2
CH2CH3OH
OH
hisztamin -szitoszterol koleszterol
Epilobii herba fzikef
O
OOH
OH
OH
OH
O
OOH
OH
OHOH
OH
CH2CH3OH
kempferol kvercetin -szitoszterol
39
Dioscoreae tuber jamszgykr gum
O
OH
O
A B
C DE
F
dioszgenin
Avenae herba (abrak)zabf
avenakozid A
OCH2OH
H
OH
H
O
O
OH H
H
CH2-O
CH2OH
H OHOHH
OH
O
CH2OHOH
OH
CH2OH
HH
H H
OO-CH3
O-RO-CH3
OOH
OH
kesztz tricin
40
Kardenolid-bufadienolidok
O
O
OHOH
OH
C
HO
O
O
HOH
OH
sztrofantidin digitoxigenin
OHOH
O
O
szcillarenin
41
Alkaloidok
Belladonnae radix, B. folium, Stramonii folium, Hyosciami folium nadragulyagykr s -levl, maszlaglevl, belndeklevl
NCH3
H
O
HO
CH2OH
C6H5C C
NCH3
H
O CH2OH
HO
OC C
atropin L-szkopolamin (L- s D-hioszciamin)
Cocae folium kokalevl
NCH3 O
H
O
O CH3
O
C6H5
C
C
NCH3
OH
O
O C6H5
O
C
C
kokain benzoilekgonin
Nicotianae folium dohnylevl
N
N
H
NNCH3
NN
H
anabazin nikotin nornikotin
42
Symphyti radix (fekete) nadlyt gykr
NH2
N
O
O
N
NH
O
H
H
N
OH CH2-O-C
O
CC C CH3OH H
OH
CH3CH3C H
allantoin intermedin
Lobeliae herba lobliaf (porhonrojtf)
N
OOH
CH3
lobelin
Laburni semen aranyes mag
N
O
NH
N
CH2OH
N
N
citizin laburnin spartein
43
Sarothamni scoparii herba seprzantf
N
N
N
N
O
spartein lupanin
Capsici fructus paprika terms
OHO-CH3
CH2-NH-CO-(CH2)4-CH CH-CHCH3
CH3
kapszaicin
Ephedrae herba csikfarkf
CH3
H
OH
H
NH CH3
C C
L-efedrin
44
Papaveris caput mk tok
OH
OH
O
N CH3
H3C-O
OHH
N-CH3
O
O
O
O
N CH3
H3C
H3C
morfin kodein tebain
N
CH2
OO
O
O
CH3
CH3
CH3CH3
CH3CH3
CH3
CH2
OO
O
ON
O HC O
O
CH3C
CH2
COOHO-CH3
O-CH3
O
OO
NCH3
CH3
OCH3
papaverin narkotin narcein
Fumariae herba fstikef
N
O
O
O
O
O
CH3
CH2
CH2
H3C-O
H3C-ON
OO
OCH2
CH3
protopin kriptopin
45
Chelidonii herba, C. radix fecskef s -gykr
N
O CH2
O
O
O
OH
CH3
CH2
N
O CH2
O
O
O
CH3
CH2
+
kelidonin szangvinarin
N
O
OO-CH3
O-CH3
CH2 +
O
O
COOHHOOC
berberin kelidonsav
Colchici tuber kikerics gum
O
CH3O
CH3O
CH3O
CH3O
HO
H
....N
NH
O
CH3O
CH3O
CH3O
CH3OH
CH3
kolchicin demekolcin
46
Ipecacuanhae radix ipekakuna gykr
N
NH
H3C-O
H3C-O
OH
O-CH3
N
NH
H3C-O
H3C-O
O-CH3
O-CH3
cefaelin emetin
Curare kurre
N
H3C-O
OH
OH
OH
NO
H
CH3
CH3
H3C-O
H
+
+
N
CH2OHCH
N
CHHO2HC
N
NCH3
+
+
(+)-tubokurarin C-toxiferin
47
Secale cornutum anyarozs
N
NH
HOOC
H
H
CH3
NH
CH3O
NHCH2OH
H
CH3C
:
..
C
N
NO
H
CH2C6H5O
OH
CH3NH
O
ON
NH
CH3
C
C
N
NO
OOH
CH2H
NHCH O
ON
NH
HCH3
CH3
CH3
C
C
D-lizergsav ergometrin ergotamin ergokrisztin
Rauwolfiae radix rauvolfia (vrnyomscserje) gykr
N
N
H
H
HH H
HO
O-CH3H
O
O O-CH3
O-CH3
O-CH3
O-CH3
C
C
reszerpin
N
N H
HH H
OHH
H O
O-CH3
C
N
N
O
H
H3COOCHH
CH3
johimbin ajmalicin
48
Vincae minoris herba metngf
NN
OHH3COOC
vinkamin
Catharanti rosei herba rzsametngf
N
N
OHHH3COOC
H3C-O N
N
OCOCH3OH COOCH3CH3
N
N
OHHH3COOC
H3C-O N
N
OCOCH3OH COOCH3OHC
vinblasztin vinkrisztin
Strychni semen sztrichnin mag
O
O-gl
OH
CH3
COOCH3
N O
O
H
H
N
N O
O
O
O
N
CH3
CH3
loganin sztrichnin brucin
49
Chinae cortex knafa kreg
N
CHCH3O
OHN
CH CH2
N
CHOH
N
CH CH2
kinin kinidin cinchonidin cinchonin
Physostigmae semen kalabrbab mag
N N
CH3CH3-NH-CO-O
CH3 CH3
fizosztigmin
Xantinok
N
N
O
OCH3
N
NCH3 CH3
N
O
O
N
NCH3
NCH3
H
N
O
O
N
NCH3
N
CH3H
koffein teofillin teobromin
50
Solani herba csucsorf
OH
O
N
H
D
EF
A
C
B
szolaszodin
Bursae pastoris herba psztortskaf
CH2OH CH2 NCH3
CH3CH3
OH+
CH2 CH2 NCH3
CH3CH3
OHOCH3
O
C+
kolin acetilkolin
OH CH2 CH2 NH2
tiramin
Allii sativi bulbus fokhagyma
H2CC
NH2
HO
S+
COOH
H2C
O
SS+ CH2
alliin allicin
51
Galegae herba kecskerutaf
NH2NH2
H
COOH
NH2
COOH
CH
CH2CH2CH2NH NH2C
NH
NH2
COOH
CH
CH2CH2CH2NH C
O
NH2
lizin arginin citrullin
HNNH2
NH2C
H2N NH
NH
guanidin galegin
Sinapis albae semen, S. nigrae semen fehr s fekete mustrmag
O SCH2OH
OHOH OH
CN-O-SO3
CH2-CH
-
CH2
R N C S
szinigrin (alkil)izotiociant
52
Phaseoli legumen babhvely
HNH2
COOH
C
CH2
CH2
COOH
CH2COOH
HNH2
COOH
C
glutaminsav aszparaginsav
NH2
COOH
CH
CH2CH2CH2NH NH2C
NH
NH2
COOH
CH
CH2CH2 S CH3
NCOOH
H
arginin metionin prolin
Filicis maris rhizoma pajzsika gykrtrzs
O O
OH
CH2
OH
O
CH2
OH
OH
OH
O O
OHOH
filixsav
53
Lupuli strobulus komltoboz
OHOH
O
O
OH
OH
O
O
OH
humulon lupulon
OH
humuln kariofilln 2-metil-3-butn-2-ol
Frangulae cortex kutyabenge kreg
O
O
OH
OH
OH
CH3
frangulaemodin
54
Rhei rhizoma rebarbara gykrtrzs
O
O
OH OH
COOH
O
O
OH OH
CH2OH
rein aloeemodin
OOH OH
CH3OH
OOH
CH2OH
OH
OOH OH
CH3OH
OOH OH
COOH
reumemodin-aloeemodin-diantron reumemodin-rein-diantron
O OCH2OH
OHOH OH
C
O OH
OH
OH
glkogallin
Sennae folium, S. fructus szenna levl, terms
szennozid A
O OH
OOH
O-gl
COOHH
HHOOC
O-gl
55
Aloe capensis aloe gyanta
OOH OH
CH2OHH OOH
CH2OH
OHOH
aloin
Tiliae flos hrsvirg
O
OOH
OHOH
OH
O-ra
O
OOH
OHOH
OH
O Gl
CHOH CH COOH
kvercitrin izokvercitrin p-kumrsav
OH
OH O
OO
OH
O
OH OH
CH2OH
O CH CH OH
O
C
CH2OH
OH
tilirozid geraniol linalool
56
Sambuci flos bodzavirg
O
OOH
OHOH
OH
O rutinz
CHOH
OH
CHO
O
OH
OH
OH
COOH
C
rutin klorognsav
O OCH2OH
OHOH OH
C
H
CN
OH
CH3
szambunigrin -amirin
CH2CH3OH
OH
CH2CH3
-szitoszterol sztigmaszterol
57
Crataegi folium cum flore (=summitas) galagonya gvg
OOH
CH2OH
OHOH
OOH
O
OH
OH
OOH
CH2OH
OHOH
OOH
O
OH
OHOH
O
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
O Gal
vitexin orientin hiperozid
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
CHOH
OH
CHO
O
OH
OH
OH
COOH
C
epikatechin dimr-procianidin klorognsav
OH
COOH
HO
COOH
urzolsav oleanolsav
CH2-CH2-NH2
OH CH2 CH2 NH2
fenetilamin tiramin
58
Equiseti herba zsurlf
N
N
NH
H
O
H
OH
palusztrin
Ginkgo bilobae folium ginkg (pfrnyfeny) levl
OO
OH O
O-CH3
OOH
O
OH
OH
CH3
O OOHCH3
O
H
O
H
O
OOH
C CH3CH3
CH3H
H
ginkgetin ginkgolid A
Hyperici herba orbncf
O
OHOH
OH O
CH3
CH3
OH
OH OH
OHO
O O
O
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
O Gal
hipericin hiperforin hiperozid
59
Stoechados flos szalmagyopr virg
O
OH
OH
O
OH
O OOH
O OOH
OH
apigenin umbelliferon eszkuletin
O OOH
H3C-O
szkopoletin
Silybi mariae fructus mriatvis terms
O
O
O
OOH
OHCH2OH
O-CH3
OH
O
O
O
CH2OH
OOH
OH
OH
O-CH3
OH
sziliandrin szilibin
Ribis nigri folium (fekete) ribiszke levl
O
OOH
OH
OHOH
OHOH
O
OOH
OH
OHOH
OH
O
OOH
OH
OH
OH
miricetin kvercetin kempferol
60
Galla, Quercus cortex tlgykreg
COOH
OHOHOH
O OCH2OH
OHOH OH
C
O OH
OH
OH
OHOH
O
COOH
CO
OH OOH
CO
OHOH
OH
galluszsav glkogallin m-trigalluszsav
OHOH OH
OH
COOH
COOHOH OH
OHOH
OHOH
O
O
CO
CO
hexaoxidifnsav ellgsav
Anserinae herba libapimpf
OHOH
OHOH
O
O
CO
CO
ellgsav
61
Tormentillae rhizoma vrontf gykrtrzs
O
OOH
OH OH
OH
C
O OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
COOH
OHOHOH
katechin-gallt katechin galluszsav
Gei radix et rhizoma gymbrgykr s gykrtrzs
OHOH
COOH
OH
CH2
O-CH3
CH CH2
CH2
O-CH3O-gl-ra
CH CH2
protokatechusav eugenol gein
Agrimoniae herba prlf
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
katechin
62
Fragariae folium szederlevl
O
OH
OH
OHOH
OH
OH
OH
COOCH3
O CO
H
OH
leukocianidin metilszalicilt furfural = furfurol linalool
Myrtilli folium, M. fructus (fekete) fonyalevl, terms
O
OO
OH2C OC
O
CH3O
OH
OHCH2OHOH
aszperulozid
Podophylli rhizoma (amerikai) tojsbogy gykrtrzs
O
OO
O-CH3O-CH3
H3C-O
OH
O
podofillotoxin
63
Meliloti herba somkrf
O-gl
COOH
O O
melilotozid melilotin
Angelicae radix angyalgykr
O O OO CH3
O O O
O-CH3
xantotoxin bergaptn
Ammeos visnagae fructus fogpiszklf terms
OH
O O CH3
OH3C-O
linalool visznagin
64
Ammi majoris fructus ammi terms Levistici radix lestyngykr
O OO-CH3
O
H3C-O
O O O
izopimpinellin pszoraln
Apii fructus zeller terms Juglandis folium dilevl
O
H3C-O
OH O
O
O OH
apigravin juglon
Droserae herba harmatf Lawsoniae (Hennae) folium hennalevl
OCH3
OH O
O
O
OH
plumbagin 2-hidroxi-naftokinon (=lawson)
65
Cinnamomi cortex fahjfa kreg Caryophylli flos szegfszeg virg
H COOH
HC C
OH
CH2
O-CH3
CH CH2
fahjsav eugenol
Anisi vulgaris fructus (kznsges) nizsterms
OCH
CHO
3
H3C-O
nizsaldehid t-anetol
Foeniculi fructus deskmny terms
H3C-O
H3C-O
metilkavikol t-anetol
Asari rhizoma kapotnyak gykrtrzs Calami rhizoma klmos gykrtrzs
H3C-O
O-CH3
O-CH3
H3C-O
O-CH3
O-CH3
t-azaron -azaron
66
Balsamum peruvianum perubalzsam
CH CH C O-CH3
O
C O-CH3
O
OH
CHO
O-CH3
metilcinnamt metilbenzot vanillin
Spireae flos rti legyezf virg Uvae ursi folium medveszl levl
OHCHO
OH
O OOH
OHCH2OH
OH
szalicilaldehid arbutin
Salicis cortex fzfa kreg Cannabis herba kenderf
CH2OH
O C6H11O5
O
OH
C5H11
szalicin THC (tetrahidrokannabinol)
67
Drogok s anyanvnyeik
Drog Anyanvny Absinthi herba Artemisia absinthium L. fehr rm Agrimoniae herba Agrimonia eupatoria L. prlf Allii sativi bulbus Allium sativus L. fokhagyma Aloe capensis Aloe ferox Mill., A. vera (L.)
Burm. f. tvises s orvosi alo
Ammeos visnagae fructus Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. fogpiszklf Ammi majoris fructus Ammi majus L. ammi Angelicae radix Angelica archangelica L. orvosi angyalgykr Anisi vulgaris fructus Pimpinella anisum L. nizs Anserinae herba Potentilla anserina L. libapimp Apii fructus Apium graveolens L. zeller Arnicae flos Arnica montana L. hegyi rnika Artemisiae vulgaris herba Artemisia vulgaris L. fekete rm Asari rhizoma Asarum europaeum L. kapotnyak Aurantii epi- et mesocarpium Citrus aurantium L. narancs Avenae herba Avena sativa L. (abrak)zab Balsamum peruvianum Myroxylon balsamum (L.)
Harms var. pereirae (Royle) Harms
perubalzsam
Bardanae radix Arctium lappa L. A. tomentosum Mill. A. minus (Hill) Bernh
kznsges bojtorjn pkhls bojtorjn kis bojtorjn
Belladonnae radix Atropa belladonna L. nadragulya Belladonnae folium Atropa belladonna L. nadragulya Betulae folium Betula pendula Roth kznsges nyr Bursae pastoris herba Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.)
Medic. psztortska
Calami rhizoma Acorus calamus L. klmos Calendulae flos Calendula officinalis L. krmvirg Cannabis herba Cannabis sativa L. kender Capsici fructus Capsicum annuus L. paprika Cardamomi fructus Elettaria cardamomum White et
Maton kardamom
Cardui benedicti herba Cnicus benedictus L. benedekf Carvi fructus Carum carvi L. (konyha)kmny Caryophylli flos Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr.
et Perry szegfszeg(fa)
Catharanti rosei herba Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don rzsametng Centaurii herba Centaurium minus Moench kis ezerjf Chelidonii herba Chelidonium majus L. vrehull fecskef Chelidonii radix Chelidonium majus L. vrehull fecskef Chinae cortex Cinchona pubescens Vahl vrs knafa Cichorii radix Cichorium intybus L. katngkr Cichorii folium Cichorium intybus L. katngkr Cinnamomi cortex Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees knai fahjfa
68
Drog Anyanvny Cocae folium Erythroxylon coca Lam. kokacserje Colchici tuber Colchicum autumnale L. szi kikerics Colophonium Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra L. erdei s fekete feny Coriandri fructus Coriandrum sativum L. koriander Crataegi folium cum flore (= summitas)
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. C. oxyacantha L.
egybibs s ktbibs galagonya
Curare Chondrodendron tomentosum Ruiz et Pavon Strychnos toxifera Benth.
tubokurre
Kalabas-kurre Dioscoreae tuber Dioscorea mexicana Scheidw. jamszgykr Droserae herba Drosera rotundifolia L. kereklevel harmatf Echinaceae radix Echinacea purpurea (L.)
Moench E. angustifolia DC. E. pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.
piros kasvirg
keskenylevel kasvirg halvny kasvirg
Ephedrae herba Ephedra dystachia L. csikfark Epilobii herba Epilobium parviflorum Schreb.
E. roseum Schreb. kisvirg fzike rzss fzike
Equiseti herba Equisetum arvense L. mezei zsurl Eucalypti folium Eucalyptus globulus Labill. eukaliptusz Euphrasiae herba Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne orvosi szemvidt Farfarae folium Tussilago farfara L. martilapu Farfarae flos Tussilago farfara L. martilapu Filicis maris rhizoma Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott erdei pajzsika Foeniculi fructus Foeniculum vulgare Mill. deskmny Fragariae folium Fragaria vesca L. erdei szamca Frangulae cortex Frangula alnus Mill. kutyabenge Fumariae herba Fumaria officinalis L. orvosi fstike Galegae herba Galega officinalis L. kecskeruta Galla Quercus infectoria Olivier kurdisztni tlgy Gei radix et rhizoma Geum urbanum L. erdei gymbrgykr Gentianae radix Gentiana lutea L. srga trnics Ginkgo bilobae folium Ginko biloba L. ginkg, pfrnyfeny Ginseng radix Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. ginszeng Hederae helicis folium Hedera helix L. borostyn Hennae (Lawsoniae) folium Lawsonia inermis L. henna Herniariae herba Herniaria glabra L.
Herniaria hirsuta L. kopasz porcikaf borzas porcikaf
Hippocastani semen Aesculus hippocastanum L. vadgesztenye Hippocastani folium Aesculus hippocastanum L. vadgesztenye Hippocastani cortex Aesculus hippocastanum L. vadgesztenye Hyosciami folium Hyoscyamus niger L. bolondt belndek Hyperici herba Hypericum perforatum L. lyukaslevel orbncf Hyssopi herba Hyssopus officinalis L. izsp Ipecacuanhae radix Cephaelis ipecacuanha Brot. ipekakuna Juglandis folium Juglans regia L. pomps di
69
Drog Anyanvny Juniperi fructus Juniperus communis L. borka Laburni semen Laburnum anagyroides Medic. aranyes Lavandulae flos Lavandula angustifolia Mill. levendula Lawsoniae (Hennae) folium Lawsonia inermis L. henna Levistici radix Levisticum officinale Koch lestyn Lini semen Linum usitatissimum L. len Liquiritiae radix Glycyrrhiza glabra L. desgykr Lobeliae herba Lobelia inflata L. loblia Lupuli strobulus Humulus lupulus L. koml Majoranae herba Origanum majorana L. majoranna Marrubii herba Marrubium vulgare L. pemetef Matricariae flos Matricaria recutita L. kamilla, orvosi szkf Meliloti herba Melilotus officinale (L.) Lam. orvosi somkr Melissae folium Melissa officinalis L. orvosi citromf Menthae crispae folium Mentha spicata L. convar. crispa
(Benth.) Mansf. fodormenta
Menthae piperitae folium Mentha x piperita (L.) Huds. borsosmenta Millefolii herba Achillea millefolium L. kznsges cickafark Myrtilli folium Vaccinium myrtillus L. fekete fonya Myrtilli fructus Vaccinium myrtillus L. fekete fonya Nicotianae folium Nicotiana tabacum L. dohny Oleum ricini Ricinus communis L. ricinus Ononidis radix Ononis spinosa L. tvises iglice Origani herba Origanum vulgare L. szurokf, oregn Papaveris caput Papaver somniferum L. mk Petasitidis folium Petasites hybridus (L.) G.M.Sch. vrs acsalapu Phaseoli legumen Phaseolus vulgaris L. bab Physostigmae semen Physostigma venenosum Balf. kalabrbab Plantaginis lanceolatae folium
Plantago lanceolata L. lndzss tif
Podophylli rhizoma Podophyllum peltatum L. amerikai tojsbogy Primulae radix Primula veris Huds.
P. elatior (L.) Hill. P. vulgaris Huds.
tavaszi kankalin sudr kankalin szrtalan kankalin
Pyrethri flos Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Vis.
rovarporvirg
Quercus cortex Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. Quercus robur L.
kocsnytalan s kocsnyos tlgy
Rauwolfiae radix Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. Et Hook.
indiai vrnyomscserje
Rhei rhizoma Rheum palmatum L. knai rebarbara Ribis nigri folium Ribes nigrum L. fekete ribiszke Rosae petalum Rosa gallica L. parlagi rzsa Rosmarini folium Rosmarinus officinalis L. rozmaring Salicis cortex Salix alba L.
S. daphnoides Vill. S. fragilis L. S. purpurea L.
fehr fz boroszlnlevel fz csrege-fz csigolyafz
70
Drog Anyanvny Salviae folium Salvia officinalis L. orvosi zslya Sambuci flos Sambucus nigra L. fekete bodza Saponariae albae radix Gypsophila paniculata L. buglyos ftyolvirg Saponariae rubrae radix Saponaria officinalis L. orvosi szappanf Sarothamni scoparii herba Sarothamnus scoparius (L.)
Wimm. ex W.D.J. Koch seprzant
Secale cornutum Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. anyarozs Sennae folium Senna alexandrina Mill. szenna, anyalevl Sennae fructus Senna alexandrina Mill. szenna, anyalevl Serpylli herba Thymus serpyllum L. mezei kakukkf Silybi mariae fructus Silybum marianum (L.) Grtn. mriatvis Sinapis albae semen Sinapis alba L. fehr mustr Sinapis nigrae semen Brassica nigra (L.) Koch fekete mustr Solani herba Solanum nigrum L. fekete csucsor Solidaginis virgaureae herba Solidago virgaurea L. kznsges aranyvessz Spireae flos Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. rti legyezf Stoechados flos Helichrysum arenarium (L.)
Moench homoki szalmagyopr
Stramonii folium Datura stramonium L. csattan maszlag Strychni semen Strychnos nux-vomica L. sztrichninfa, ebvszmag Symphyti radix Symphytum officinale L. fekete nadlyt Tanaceti herba Tanacetum vulgare L. gilisztaz vardics Taraxaci radix Taraxacum officinale Weber ex
Wiggers pongyola pitypang
Taraxaci herba Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wiggers
pongyola pitypang
Thymi herba Thymus vulgare L. kerti kakukkf Tiliae flos Tilia cordata Mill.
Tilia platyphyllos Scop. kislevel hrs nagylevel hrs
Tormentillae rhizoma Potentilla erecta (L.) Ruschel vrontf Urticae folium Urtica dioica L.
U. urens L. nagy csaln apr csaln
Urticae radix Urtica dioica L. U. urens L.
nagy csaln apr csaln
Uvae ursi folium Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.
medveszl
Valerianae radix Valeriana officinalis L. macskagykr Verbasci flos Verbascum phlomoides L.
V. thapsiforme Schrad. V. thapsus L.
szszs krfarkkr dsvirg krfarkkr molyhos krfarkkr
Veronicae herba Veronica officinalis L. orvosi veronika Vincae minoris herba Vinca minor L. kis tlizld metng Visci stipes Viscum album L. fehr fagyngy
71
Nvnyi hatanyagok nvmutatja
2-hidroxi-naftokinon (lawson) .......................................................................................................65 2-metil-3-butn-2-ol.......................................................................................................................53 Abietinsav ......................................................................................................................................30 Abszintin ........................................................................................................................................26 Acetilkolin............................................................................................................................10,38,50 Achillin ..........................................................................................................................................25 Ajmalicin........................................................................................................................................47 Alanin...............................................................................................................................................3 Alfa()-amirin ...........................................................................................................................16,56 Alfa()-bizabolol ......................................................................................................................24,26 Alfa()-fellandrn .....................................................................................................................18,28 Alfa()-onocerin (onocol)..............................................................................................................35 Alfa()-pinn ........................................................................................................13,14,16,18,20,25 Alfa()-terpinn ...................................................................................................................14,20,21 Alfa()-terpineol ........................................................................................................11,13,15,21,37 Alfa()-tujon ..................................................................................................................................14 Alkil-izotiociant ...........................................................................................................................51 Allantoin ........................................................................................................................................42 Allicin ............................................................................................................................................50 Alliin ..............................................................................................................................................50 Aloeemodin....................................................................................................................................54 Aloin ..............................................................................................................................................55 Anabazin ........................................................................................................................................41 nizsaldehid ..................................................................................................................................65 Antrakinon .......................................................................................................................................6 Antranilsav.......................................................................................................................................5 Apigenin............................................................................................................................7,24,25,59 Apigravin .......................................................................................................................................64 Arbutin ...........................................................................................................................................66 Arctigenin ......................................................................................................................................28 Arctiin ............................................................................................................................................29 Arctinl ..........................................................................................................................................29 Arginin ...................................................................................................................................4,51,52 rnifolintiglint .............................................................................................................................28 Aszparagin .......................................................................................................................................3 Aszparaginsav .............................................................................................................................3,52 Aszperulozid ...............................................................................................................................8,62 Atropin ...........................................................................................................................................41 Aukubin..................................................................................................................................8,21,34 Avenakozid A ................................................................................................................................39 Benzoilekgonin ..............................................................................................................................41 Benzoesav ......................................................................................................................................27 Berberin..........................................................................................................................................45 Bergaptn .......................................................................................................................................63 Bta()-amirin................................................................................................................................16 Bta()-azaron ...............................................................................................................................65 Bta()-elemn...............................................................................................................................33 Bta()-jonon .................................................................................................................................37
72
Bta()-kariofilln .........................................................................................................................12 Bta()-pinn .......................................................................................................................14,18,25 Bta()-szitoszterol ...................................................................................................................38,56 Betulin............................................................................................................................................16 Borneol..................................................................................................................11,13,17,22,25,27 Bornilacett ..........................................................................................................................17,23,25 Brucin.............................................................................................................................................48 Cefaelin ..........................................................................................................................................46 Cichoriin ........................................................................................................................................30 Cikriasav ........................................................................................................................................9 Cinchonidin (cinchonin) ................................................................................................................49 Cinchonin (cinchonidin) ................................................................................................................49 Cineol..........................................................................................................11,13,14,17,18,21,25,26 Cisztein ............................................................................................................................................3 Citizin.............................................................................................................................................42 Citrl .....................................................................................................................12,17,18,20,27,37 Citronellal ............................................................................................................................12,17,18 Citronellol ............................................................................................................................12,17,20 Citrullin .......................................................................................................................................4,51 C-toxiferin......................................................................................................................................46 Dehidrokosztuszlakton...................................................................................................................29 Delta()-kadinn ............................................................................................................................28 Demekolcin ....................................................................................................................................45 Digitoxigenin .................................................................................................................................40 Dihidrokarveol ..........................................................................................................................12,19 Dihidrokarvon ................................................................................................................................19 Dimr-procianidin..........................................................................................................................57 Dioszgenin .....................................................................................................................................39 D-lizergsav.....................................................................................................................................47 Echinacein........................................................................................................................................9 Echinakozid......................................................................................................................................9 Efedrin (L-efedrin).........................................................................................................................43 Ellgsav..........................................................................................................................................60 Emetin ............................................................................................................................................46 Epikatechin ....................................................................................................................................57 Ergokrisztin....................................................................................................................................47 Ergometrin .....................................................................................................................................47 Ergotamin.......................................................................................................................................47 Eritrocentaurin ...............................................................................................................................22 Eszkuletin..................................................................................................................................27,59 Eszkulin..........................................................................................................................................36 Eugenol .....................................................................................................................................61,65 Fahjaldehid...................................................................................................................................27 Fahjsav .........................................................................................................................................65 Farnezn.........................................................................................................................................24 Fenchon..........................................................................................................................................27 Fenetilalkohol ................................................................................................................................17 Fenetilamin ....................................................................................................................................57 Fenilalanin...................................................................................................................................3,10 Filixsav...........................................................................................................................................52
73
Fizosztigmin...................................................................................................................................49 Formononetin.................................................................................................................................35 Frangulaemodin .............................................................................................................................53 Furfural (furfurol) ..........................................................................................................................62 Furfurol (furfural) ..........................................................................................................................62 Galegin...........................................................................................................................................51 Galluszsav .................................................................................................................................60,61 Gamma()-terpinn ...................................................................................................................20,25 Gein................................................................................................................................................61 Genciopikrin .............................................................................................................................22,24 Gentizin..........................................................................................................................................24 Geraniol.................................................................................................................12,13,17,18,20,55 Germakrn......................................................................................................................................33 Germakrn-D .................................................................................................................................12 Ginkgetin........................................................................................................................................58 Ginkgolid A ...................................................................................................................................58 Gipszogenin ...................................................................................................................................32 Glicin................................................................................................................................................3 Glicirrhizinsav................................................................................................................................32 Glutamin ..........................................................................................................................................3 Glutaminsav ................................................................................................................................3,52 Glkogallin ...............................................................................................................................54,60 Guanidin.........................................................................................................................................51 Hederakozid-B ...............................................................................................................................33 Herniariaszaponin I., II. .................................................................................................................36 Herniarin ........................................................................................................................................36 Hexaoxidifnsav ............................................................................................................................60 Hiperforin.......................................................................................................................................58 Hipericin ........................................................................................................................................58 Hiperozid..............................................................................................................................35,57,58 Hisztamin ..................................................................................................................................10,38 Hisztidin...........................................................................................................................................4 Humuln.........................................................................................................................................53 Humulon ........................................................................................................................................53 Indol .................................................................................................................................................5 Intermedin ......................................................................................................................................42 Izokinolin .........................................................................................................................................5 Izokvercitrin...................................................................................................................................55 Izolikviritin ....................................................................................................................................32 Izopimpinellin ................................................................................................................................64 Izoramnetin ....................................................................................................................................19 Izovaltrt ........................................................................................................................................23 Izotiociant .............................................................................................................................51 Johimbin.........................................................................................................................................47 Juglon.............................................................................................................................................64 Kamazuln ...........................................................................................................................22,24,25 Kmfor .............................................................................................................11,17,20,21,22,25,27 Kampfn....................................................................................................................................14,25 Kapszaicin......................................................................................................................................43 Kariofilln ......................................................................................................................................53
74
Karnosol.........................................................................................................................................17 Karvakrol ..................................................................................................................................13,14 Karveol......................................................................................................................................12,19 Karvon.......................................................................................................................................12,19 Katalpol..................................................................................................................................8,21,34 Katechin ....................................................................................................................................61,62 Katechin-gallt ...............................................................................................................................61 Kvsav..................................................................................................................................6,15,28 Kelidonin........................................................................................................................................45 Kelidonsav .....................................................................................................................................45 Kempferol ....................................................................................................................6,19,38,39,59 Kesztz...........................................................................................................................................39 Kinidin (kinin) ...............................................................................................................................49 Kinin (kinidin) ...............................................................................................................................49 Kinolin .............................................................................................................................................5 Kinon................................................................................................................................................6 Klorognsav ......................................................................................................................7,30,56,57 Knicin.............................................................................................................................................28 Kodein............................................................................................................................................44 Koffein ...........................................................................................................................................49 Kokain............................................................................................................................................41 Kolchicin........................................................................................................................................45 Koleszterol .....................................................................................................................................38 Kolin .........................................................................................................................................10,50 Kriptopin ........................................................................................................................................44 Kvercetin.................................................................................................................6,19,36,37,38,59 Kvercitrin .......................................................................................................................................55 Laburnin.........................................................................................................................................42 Laktucin .........................................................................................................................................30 Laktukopikrin.................................................................................................................................30 Lawson (2-hidroxi-naftokinon)......................................................................................................65 L-efedrin ........................................................................................................................................43 Leukocianidin ................................................................................................................................62 Likviritin ........................................................................................................................................32 Limonn ...........................................................................................................11,14,16,19,20,21,37 Linalilacett....................................................................................................................................11 Linalool ............................................................................................................11,12,20,26,55,62,64 Linamarin.........................................................................................................................................8 Lizergsav (D-lizergsav) .................................................................................................................47 Lizin ............................................................................................................................................4,51 Lobelin ...........................................................................................................................................42 Loganin ..........................................................................................................................................48 Lotausztralin ....................................................................................................................................8 L-szkopolamin ...............................................................................................................................41 Lupanin ..........................................................................................................................................43 Lupulon ..........................................................................................................................................53 Luteolin ..................................................................................................................................7,16,24 M(meta)-trigalluszsav ....................................................................................................................60 Marrubiin ..................................................................................................................................14,31 Matricin.....................................................................................................................................24,25
75
Melilotin.........................................................................................................................................63 Melilotozid.....................................................................................................................................63 Mentilacett....................................................................................................................................11 Mentol ............................................................................................................................................11 Menton ...........................................................................................................................................11 Metilbenzot ..................................................................................................................................66 Metilcinnamt ................................................................................................................................66 Metilkavikol...................................................................................................................................66 Metilszalicilt.................................................................................................................................62 Metionin......................................................................................................................................4,52 Mircn ............................................................................................................................................28 Miricetin.........................................................................................................................................59 Morfin ............................................................................................................................................44 Naftokinon .......................................................................................................................................6 Narcein...........................................................................................................................................44 Naringenin......................................................................................................................................20 Narkotin .........................................................................................................................................44 Neoheszperidin ..............................................................................................................................20 Nerol ..............................................................................................................................................17 Nikotin ...........................................................................................................................................41 Nornikotin ......................................................................................................................................41 Oleanolsav.......................................................................................................................15,36,37,57 Onocol (-onocerin).......................................................................................................................35 Ononin............................................................................................................................................35 Orientin ..........................................................................................................................................57 Ornitin ..............................................................................................................................................4 P(para)-cimol ........................................................................................................13,14,18,20,25,27 P(para)-kumrsav...........................................................................................................................55 Palusztrin........................................................................................................................................58 Papaverin........................................................................................................................................44 Para-hidroxi-benzoesav....................................................................................................................7 Petazol............................................................................................................................................26 Piperidin...........................................................................................................................................5 Piperiton.........................................................................................................................................11 Piretrin............................................................................................................................................29 Piridin....................................
Recommended