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8/2/2019 Mancipia January/February, 2010
1/16
Kltfk~k~~}m7 Hxatfmx @ldx E`xkm z`{~ txkh}tm ta fk~ z`txal/
Hom~~md Cxxm @ldx/ yfa f`~ hmml `zzxasmd cax
n`lalkw`tkal h{ Zazm Hmlmdknt, Z`im 8
Tya yaldmxc}o cxkmld~ ac ^HN/ Ykook`e `ld
Nfxk~tklm Yxahom~bk/ ~f`xm tfmkx ga}xlm{ ac c`ktf/
`ld zxaskdm ` om~~al cax `oo `ha}t naazmx`tkal
yktf tfm ikct ac ix`nm, Z`im =
Kl a}x ^zmnk`o Cm`t}xm/ Nfxk~tklm Hx{`l f`~ ~aem
zx`ntkn`o `ld la}xk~fkli `dsknm `ha}t z`xmlt~
ahoki`tkal ta cmmd tfmkx nfkodxml yf`t k~ iaad cax
tfme/ lat g}~t yf`t tfmkx `zzmtktm~ ekift nx`sm,
Z`im 08,
G`l}`x{Cmhx}`x{ 8:0:
tfm XmzaXtactfm NX}~`dmac ~`klt HmlmdkNt NmltmX
E`lNkzk`
@ skmy ac ^`klt Zmtmx~ H`~kokn` cxae tfm
Tkhmx,
8/2/2019 Mancipia January/February, 2010
2/168 E`lNkzk` Tfm XmzaXTacTfm NX}~`dmac ~`klT HmlmdkNT NmlTmX G`l}`x{Cmhx}`x{ 8:0:
@
xa}ld fmxm/ tfm lmy~ ac
Dmnmehmx 0; y`~ xm%
nmksmd yktf ixm`t ga{, K
xmcmx ta tfm z}hokn`tkal ac tfmdmnxmm/ `zzxasmd h{ Fk~ Faok%
lm~~/ Hmlmdknt VSK/ nom`xkli
tfm y`{ cax tfm n`lalkw`tkal ac
Hom~~md Hxatfmx @ldx, Hmn`}~m
tfk~ lmy~ k~ x`tfmx cxm~f/ `ld hm%
n`}~m fk~ cm`~t d`{ f`~ xmnmlto{
z`~~md &G`l}`x{ 3/ yfknf k~ `o~a tfm Mzkzf`l{+/ K ya}od okbm ta
klsktm a}x xm`dmx~ ta ~f`xm a}x f`zzklm~~ `ld nal~kdmx yktf }~
tfm skxt}m~ ac tfk~ okttom e`l,
Tf`t tfk~ zaz}o`x N`l`dk`lHm`t}~ f`zzml~ ta hm e{ aylz`txal f`~ ~aemtfkli ta da yktf a}x ga{/ h}t tfk~ k~ alo{ z`xt ac
kt, Iksml a}x oalikli cax tfm nalsmx~kal ac @emxkn`/ tfm o`sm~ac tfm Kee`n}o`tm Fm`xt ac E`x{ `xm `oy`{~ f`zz{ ta klsabm
`latfmx @emxkn`l &`ohmkt lat ` ]lktmd ^t`tm~k`l+ `~ ` ~`klt,
H}t hm{ald tfm~m zmx~al`o `ld xmokika%z`txkatkn xm`~al~ cax
xmgaknkli/ tfmxm k~ `o~a ` nmxt`kl tkemoklm ta tfm n`lalkw`tkal,
Kl falax ac tfm mkift%d`{ ah~mxs`lnm ac tfm Mzkzf`l{/ K ykoo
accmx ` zmxcmnt ant`sm ac xm`%
~al~ cax tfk~ no`ke,
K7 Ekx`nom~, Okbm ^`klt
Zka ac Zkmtxmonkl`/ Cxxm
@ldx k~ ` eadmxl ekx`nom
yaxbmx/ yfa ~fay~ ta ` n{l%
kn`o `ld mezkxknk~t `im tf`ttfm tx}m xmokikal ~tkoo e`lk%
cm~t~ kt~moc h{ tfm yaldxa}~
dksklm kltmxsmltkal~ ym n`oo
ekx`nom~, Lat tf`t `l{ yal%
dmx%yaxbkli ~`klt~ m~~mltk`o
~`lntkt{ nal~k~t~ kl tfm ek%
x`n}oa}~/ h}t ta xm`d tfm okcm
ac ^`klt Ga~mzf~ okttom dai
&`~ fm ~t{omd fke~moc+ k~ ta xm`d ` okt`l{ ac ekx`n}oa}~ dmmd~,
@~ Ea~m~ ~faymd tf`t tfm Iad ac K~x`mo y`~ tfm okskli Iad/
Cxxm @ldx ~faymd tf`t tfm Iad ac tfm N`tfaokn~/ `ld tfm xm%
okikal ac tfm N`tfaokn~/ `xm }lkp}mo{ tx}m, @ld fm dkd tfk~ yktfemmblm~~/ f}ekokt{/ `ld ` ixm`t ga{ tf`t omlt ` nmxt`kl ~m`o ac
`}tfmltknkt{ ta fk~ zxadkikm~,
KK7 Oasm ac tfm Nxa~~, Ym oksm kl `l mccmekl`tm `im, H{
tfk~/ K da lat xmcmx zxklnkz`oo{ ta tfm eax`o dmimlmx`n{ ac fa%
ea~mv}`okt{ `ld tfm t}xzkt}dm ac tfa~m yfa/ yfkom lat zx`ntkn%
kli kt/ ~`lntkal tfk~ sknm, La/ K xmcmx ta tfm imlmx`o ~actlm~~ ld
fmdalk~e ac tfm im2 tf`t k~/ ta tfm kezoknkt h}t lalmtfmom~~ xm`o
nalskntkal kl a}x dmnxmzkt n}ot}xm tf`t zom`~}xm k~ tfm alo{ xm`o
iaad `ld z`kl k~ tfm alo{ xm`o msko, F}e`l ~}ccmxkli e`bm~
~ml~m `ld hmnaem~ zxat`hom alo{ kl tfm okift ac ix`nm `ld
}ldmx tfm ~f`day ac tfm Nxa~~, Cxxm @ldx hmoalimd ta ` xmok
ika}~ kl~tkt}tm dmdkn`tmd ta tfm ~`skli Xaad7 tfm Nalixmi`tkal
ac tfm Fao{ Nxa~~/ ca}ldmd h{ Hom~~md H`~kom @ltaklm E`xkmEaxm`}/ yfa~m ayl okcm y`~ e`xbmd h{ ~}zmxf}e`l ~}ccmx
kli~ haxlm yktf fmxakn z`tkmlnm, Yfkom kt k~ imlmx`oo{ blayl
tf`t ^`klt Ga~mzf k~ tfm z`txal ac tfk~ Nalixmi`tkal/ xmo`tksmo{
cmy `xm `y`xm tf`t tfmkx zxklnkz`o dmsatkal k~ ta tfm Z`~~kal a
A}x Oaxd, Tfmkx eatta7 Nx}v ^zm~ ]lkn` &tfm Nxa~~/ a}x alo{fazm+/ kldkn`tm~ tfk~, A}x fao{ e`l mvmezokmd tfm nx}nk
md ~zkxkt}`okt{ ac fk~ ixm`t xmokika}~ c`eko{7 okcmoali zf{~kn`
klxektkm~/ kl`hkokt{ ta m`t `l{tfkli h}t ` t{zm ac e}~f e`dm
cxae a}x/ cxmp}mlt ~tae`nf klxektkm~/ dmzxks`tkal ac ~ommz
~n`ld`oa}~ c`o~m `nn}~`tkal~/ zmx~mn}tkal cxae fk~ ayl xmok
ika}~ ~}zmxkax, Tfm~m `xm g}~t ` cmy ac tfm nxa~~m~ fm n`xxkmd
yktf `dekx`hom na}x`im `ld caximtc}olm~~ ac ~moc,KKK7 Cxmlnf N`l`d` lmmd~ fke, @l @lioazfalm @emxk
n`l ~zm`bkli ac Cxmlnf N`l`d`~ ~`d ~zkxkt}`o naldktkal e`{
lat hm ymoo xmnmksmd kl tfa~m z`xt~/ h}t kt k~ lalmtfmom~~ tx}m
tf`t `ctmx tfm 0;3:~ P}kmt Xmsao}tkal &Xsao}tkal tx`lnaltkl}md al z`im 6
Hom~~md Cxxm @ldx
ta cXkmld~actfm NX}~`dm7~`klt `ldXac Ea}lt Xa{`o/
`tkEmo{N`lalkw`tkal
Hx, @ldx E`xkm/ E,K,N,E,/ Zxkax
F}e`l ~}ccmxkli
e`bm~ ~ml~m `ld
hmnaem~ zxackt`homalo{ kl tfm okift ac
ix`nm `ld }ldmx
tfm ~f`day ac tfm
Nxa~~,
8/2/2019 Mancipia January/February, 2010
3/16>E`lNkzk` Tfm XmzaXTacTfm NX}~`dmac ~`klT HmlmdkNT NmlTmX G`l}`x{Cmhx}`x{ 8:0:
Dm`x Cxkmld~/
@~ {a} n`l ~mm cxae tfm
zknt}xm/ ym `xm dmokiftmd ta
f`sm a}x lmy yaad ~tasm `t
a}x nalsmlt, Hm~kdm~ tfm ~tasm
hmkli dal`tmd/ tfm hm`}tkc}ofm`xtf y`~ h}kot yktf ~aem ac
tfm c}ld~ tf`t {a} zxaskdmd
h{ {a}x imlmxa}~ dal`tkal~ ta
tfm nalsmlt, @ o`xim zaxtkal ac
tfm yaad y`~ i`tfmxmd h{ a}x
hxatfmx~ cxae tfm txmm~ tf`t f`d
hmml d`e`imd kl tfm knm ~taxe
ac o`~t {m`x, Tfm xm~t ac tfm yaad cax a}x ykltmx ~}zzo{ y`~
dal`tmd h{ ` imlmxa}~ c`eko{2 ~a kt k~ lat na~tkli }~ `l{tfkli
ta x}l a}x yaad ~tasm, Ckl`oo{/ ym f`sm emt tfm nf`oomlim ac
hmkli `hom ta fm`t a}x mltkxm nalsmlt yktf tfm yaad ~tasm `ld
tfm `kd ac ` cmy c`l~, A}x c}xl`nm xaae f`~ naaomd acc `ld ym`xm lay ~`skli e`l{ f}ldxmd~ ac daoo`x~ zmx ealtf kl fm`tkli
hkoo~,Dma ix`tk`~!Tfm yaad ~tasm f`~ hmlmt~ hm{ald g}~t fm`tkli a}x nal%
smlt, @~ alm ac tfm hxatfmx~ ~`kd `ctmx fm lk~fmd ~t`nbkli
a}x yaadzkom/ [a}oo f`sm e`l{ emdkt`tkal~ yktf {a}x lmy
yaad ~tasm, Fm y`~ xkift, [a}oo f`sm ta mvn}~m em/ Dm`x
Xm`dmx/ cax ~f`xkli e{ Nfxk~te`~ emdkt`tkal~ yktf {a} d}x%
kli tfk~ za~t%Nfxk~te`~ tkem/ h}t K zxaek~m ta om`d {a} klta
Omlt `ld Z`~~kaltkdm yktf tfme, Tfm caooaykli k~ ` zame kl
yfknf K ca}ld `l moap}mlt mvza~ktkal ac `oo tfm `~zmnt~ ac `
fat xm/ `ld kt k~ yf`t K f`sm hmml }~kli cax e{ emdkt`tkal~ kl
zxmz`x`tkal cax Nfxk~te`~ `ld cax tfm tymosm d`{~ ac tfm cm`~t,Kt y`~ yxkttml h{ `l Mliok~f e`xt{x/ ^`klt Xahmxt ^a}tfymoo/
^,G, &0=3:%0=;=+,
Tfm H}xlkli H`hm
@~ K kl fa`x{ ykltmx~ lkift
^taad ~fksmxkli kl tfm ~lay/
^}xzxk~md K y`~ yktf ~}ddml fm`t/
Yfknf e`dm e{ fm`xt ta ioay2
@ld okctkli }z ` cm`xc}o m{m
Ta skmy yf`t xm y`~ lm`x/
@ zxmtt{ h`hm/ `oo h}xlkli hxkift/
Dkd kl tfm `kx `zzm`x2Yfa/ ~naxnfmd yktf mvnm~~ksm fm`t/
^}nf aad~ ac tm`x~ dkd ~fmd/
@~ tfa}if Fk~ aad~ ~fa}od p}mlnf Fk~ `em~
Yfknf yktf Fk~ tm`x~ ymxm hxmd7
@o`~! p}atf Fm/ h}t lmyo{ haxl/
Kl mx{ fm`t~ K cx{/
[mt lalm `zzxa`nf ta y`xe tfmkx fm`x t~
Ax cmmo E{ xm/ h}t K!
E{ c`}otom~~ hxm`~t tfm c}xl`nm k~/
Tfm c}mo ya}ldkli tfaxl~2
Oasm k~ tfm xm/ `ld ~kif~ tfm ~eabm/
Tfm `~fm~ ~f`em `ld ~naxl2
Tfm c}mo G}~tknm o`{mtf al/
@ld Emxn{ hoay~ tfm na`o~/
Tfm emt`o kl tfk~ c}xl`nm yxa}ift@xm eml~ dmomd ~a}o~/
Cax yfknf/ `~ lay al xm K `e/
Ta yaxb tfme ta tfmkx iaad/
^a ykoo K emot klta ` h`tf
Ta y`~f tfme kl E{ hoaad!
Yktf tfk~ Fm s`lk~fmd a}t ac ~kift/
@ld ~ykcto{ ~fx`lb `y`{2
@ld ~tx`kift K n`oomd }lta ekld
Tf`t kt y`~ Nfxk~te`~%d`{,
Hmn`}~m tfm yaad ~tasm lmmd~ cxmp}mlt `ttmltkal/ K ld
Nalsmlt NaXlmXckXm!
^x, E`xkm Tfx~m/ E,K,N,E,/
Zxkaxm~~
naltkl}md al z`im 0
^k~tmx E`xkm Tfx~m yktf tfm lmy yaad ~tasm `ld fm`xtf,
8/2/2019 Mancipia January/February, 2010
4/164 E`lNkzk` Tfm XmzaXTacTfm NX}~`dmac ~`klT HmlmdkNT NmlTmX G`l}`x{Cmhx}`x{ 8:0:
N`tfmxklm Iadd`xd No`xbm'
ca}ldmX~ Nao}Elmzkoai}m7 cXaEI`tmacFm`sml
RLatm7 Tfm~m yaxd~ ymxm yxkt%
tml kl 0;=0U
Kt iksm~ em f`zzklm~~ ta
yxktm/ cax tfa~m yfa f`smy`ltmd ta blay/ ac yf`t f`~
hmnaem ac }~ ~klnm Antahmx 86/
0;4;/ tfm d`tm t yfknf a}x ~tax{
mld~ kl Tfm Oa{ao`~ `ld tfmN`hat~, K `e f`zz{ ta tmoo {a}tfk~ c}xtfmx ~tax{/ msml tfa}if
hxkm{/ hmn`}~m kt k~ ` xmna}ltkli ac tfm ha}lt{ `ld tfm zxatmn%
tkal ac }~ h{ tfm Hom~~md Eatfmx ac Iad,
Ym yfa taab z`xt kl tfm ~a%n`oomd Ha~tal Fmxm~{ N`~m `xm/
tf`lb~ ta A}x O`d{/ ~tkoo taimtfmx `ld klt`nt, Fmxm~{/ h{ tfm
y`{/ y`~ `l `nn}~`tkal e`dm h{ }~/ lat ac}~, A}x `nn}~`tkal
y`~ ~}h~t`ltk`tmd h{ C`tfmx Ykook`e Bmoomfmx~ xmzo{ kl tfmlmy~z`zmx~ ta tfm nf`xim ac tfm ca}x zxacm~~ax~,
Ym f`sm oa~t ac a}x l}ehmx alo{ ~kv, Tya dxazzmd a}t/ `ld
ca}x ymxm dk~ek~~md/ hmn`}~m/ tfa}if ym xm lat ~tx knt yktfa}t
xm`~al/ ym da f`sm a}x x}om~ `ld dmnax}e/ yfknf e}~t hm
oksmd }z ta,
@t tfk~ zaklt ` xm`dmx e`{ `~b/ H}t `xm {a} ` xmokika}~
ixa}z1 Tfm `l~ymx ta tf`t p}m~tkal xmsm`o~ a}x ~mnxmt, [m~/
ym xm xmokika}~ naee}lkt{, Ym xm kldmmd xmokika}~ axdmx
zmxf`z~ eaxm tmnflkn`oo{ ` xmokika}~ nalixmi`tkal, M`nf ac
}~ f`~/ h{ say/ dmdkn`tmd fk~
okcm ta tfm zxm~mxs`tkal ac tfm
tx}tf~ ac fk~ Fao{ C`ktf }l%dmx tfm tktom ac ^o`sm~ ac tfm
Kee`n}o`tm Fm`xt ac E`x{,
Ym taab a}x say~ ld hm%
n`em ^o`sm~ ac A}x O`d{~
Kee`n}o`tm Fm`xt al tfm
x~t ac G`l}`x{/ 0;4;/ tfxmm
ealtf~ hmcaxm ym ymxm dk~%
nkzoklmd h{ a}x @xnfhk~faz
cax naltkl}kli ta zxacm~~
tfm dmlmd dantxklm~ ac tfm Nf}xnf al ~`os`tkal, Kt y`~ yfkom
C`tfmx Cmmlm{ y`~ kl naxxm~zaldmlnm yktf C`tfmx Sklnmlt @,
EnNaxeknb/ ^,G,/ tfm @emxkn`l @~~k~t`lt ta tfm Imlmx`o actfm Gm~}kt~/ `ld yfkom C`tfmx y`~ zom`dkli cax ` dantxkl`o fm`x%
kli hmcaxm fk~ ~}zmxkax~, Kt y`~ yfkom tfxmm ac tfm zxacm~~ax~
ymxm }ldmx ~msmxm zxm~~}xm h{ Ha~tal Naoomim ta iksm }z hatf
tfm Nf}xnf~ dantxklm al ~`os`tkal `ld tfmkx ~}zzaxt ac C`tfmx
Cmmlm{ kl }zfaodkli kt,
Ym ymxm hmikllkli ta xm`okwm tfm nf`x`ntmx ac tfm h`ttom
hmcaxm }~/ lat alo{ cax tfm zxm~mxs`tkal ac tfm ~`nxmd daie`~
ac a}x Nf}xnf/ h}t `nt}`oo{ cax tfmkx xm~tax`tkal, Kt y`~ ta
zxmz`xm a}x~mosm~ h{ zx`{mx
`ld dk~nkzoklm/ `ld ta ~mn}xm
ix`nm~ mla}if ta ml`hom }~ta c`nm ~}nf ` h`ttom/ tf`t ym
hmn`em ` xmokika}~ axdmx,
Kt ykoo hm `~bmd ac }~/
Yfa xm {a} tf`t {a} ~fa}od
t`bm xm~zal~khkokt{ cax tfm
Nf}xnf~ dantxklm1 A}x `l%
~ymx ta tf`t/ K fazm K f`sm
hxa}ift a}t kl tfk~ haab,
Tfm `l~ymx k~/ `~ K yxatm kl
tfm ~mnald nf`ztmx/ tf`t tfm
~`nxmd dantxklm ac a}x Fao{
Nf}xnf k~ tfm xm~zal~khkokt{ac m`nf N`tfaokn/ hm fm zay%
mxc}o ax oayo{/ om`xlmd ax }lom`xlmd/ nomxi{ ax o`kt{/ xknf ax
zaax, M`nf ac }~ k~ tfm N`tfaokn Nf}xnf, Iad~ Tx}tf hmoali~
ta m`nf ac }~/ `ld ym `xm m`nf xm~zal~khom cax kt,
Ym oksm ` naee}lkt{ okcm/ `~ ^o`sm~ ac tfm Kee`n}o`tm
Fm`xt ac E`x{/ yktf fa}x~ ac zx`{mx/ fa}x~ ac ~t}d{/ ld fa}x~
ac yaxb, C`tfmx Cmmlm{ ld tfm {a}li eml yfa ~aemd`{ fazm
ta hm axd`klmd zxkm~t~ oksm kl alm ac tfm fa}~m~ blayl ta }~ `~
^`nxmd Fm`xt F`oo, A}x ikxo~/ yfa f`sm dmdkn`tmd tfmkx oksm~
kl ~kliomlm~~ ta A}x Oaxd `ld A}x O`d{/ oksm kl ` fa}~m yfknf
ym n`oo/ `eali a}x~mosm~/ Kee`n}o`tm Fm`xt F`oo, A}x c`ek
okm~ oksm kl fa}~m~ g}~t hmoay ^`nxmd Fm`xt F`oo,Ym xm/ d}xkli tfk~ kltmxs`o/ }ldmx xm/ y`ktkli cax tfm tkem
yfml ym n`l zxm~mlt a}x axdmx ta tfm Fao{ ^mm/ `~ `oo atfmx
axdmx~ e}~t msmlt}`oo{ hm zxm~mltmd, Ym blay tf`t e`l{ ac
tfm axdmx~ kl tfm Nf}xnf yfa~m yaxb y`~ ea~t o`~tkli `ld
cx}ktc}o hmi`l }ldmx nkxn}e~t`lnm~ ~keko`x ta a}x~, Ym blay
tf`t e`l{ eml `ld yaeml yfa ymxm o`tmx zo`nmd }zal tfm
xaoo~ ac tfm ~`klt~ ymxm `t ~aem tkem kl tfmkx oksm~ }ldmx tfm
h`l ac kltmxdknt/ `ld msml mvnaee}lkn`tkal, ^t, Ga`l ac @xn
dkmd mvnaee}lkn`tmd2 ^t, Kil`tk}~ ac Nal~t`ltklazom dkmd }l
dmx tfxm`t ac mvnaee}lkn`tkal, RMdktax~ Latm7 Hom~~md E`x{
EnBkooaz &~aal ta hm n`lalkwmd `~ @}~tx`ok`~ x~t ~`klt+
y`~ `o~a mvnaee}lkn`tmd h{ fmx hk~faz,U Ym `xm lat ~`klt~ tfa}if ym zx`{ ym e`{ hm `ld ym `xm latmvnaee}lkn`tmdYm f`sm accmxmd a}x oksm~ ta Iad/ `ld f`sm nal~mltmd ta dkm/ kc
lmmd hm/ cax a}x Fao{ C`ktf/ kl tfm ~`ddm~t y`{ &ta a}x ekld~
tf`t kt k~ za~~khom ta dkm }ldmx tfm h`l msml ac mvnaee}lkn`
tkal,
Ym `xm y`ktkli tfml/ ta zxm~mlt a}x axdmx ta tfm Fao{ ^mm
ta ~mn}xm tfm hom~~kli ac a}x Fao{ C`tfmx/ `ld ta `~b tfm Fao{
C`tfmx ta ca}ld`tkal }~ `~ ` zmxe`lmlt `ld `hkdkli h`tt`okal
kl tfm `xe{ ac a}x Fao{ C`ktf,
M`nf ac }~ f`~/ h{
say/ dmdkn`tmd fk~
okcm ta tfm zxm~mxs`%
tkal ac tfm tx}tf~ ac
fk~ Fao{ C`ktf }ldmx
tfm tktom ac ^o`sm~
ac tfm Kee`n}o`tm
Fm`xt ac E`x{,
' O`tmx blayl `~ ^k~tmx N`tfmxklm/ Ex~, No`xbm y`~ tfm ca}ldxm~~
ac `klt Hmlmdknt Nmltmx/ yfknf hmi`l ~ o`{ za~tao`tm kl N`ehxkdim/
E`~~`nf}~mtt~,
Ym oksm ` naee}%
lkt{ okcm/ R, , , U yktf
fa}x~ ac zx`{mx/
fa}x~ ac ~t}d{/ `ld
fa}x~ ac yaxb,
8/2/2019 Mancipia January/February, 2010
5/16=E`lNkzk` Tfm XmzaXTacTfm NX}~`dmac ~`klT HmlmdkNT NmlTmX G`l}`x{Cmhx}`x{ 8:0:
oaN`o lmy~tfm z`tfac iX`Nm
Naekli ta ^`klt Hmlm%
dknt Nmltmx f`~ hmml/ cax
Nfxk~ `ld em/ ` oali%
tmxe ~taz al ` dkcn}ot ga}xlm{,
Fazmc}oo{/ kl tfm mld ym ykoo ~mm` ~kt}`tkal kl yfknf `l{ N`tfa%
okn kl @emxkn` ykoo hm `hom ta ia
ta `l{ z`xk~f `ld ld tfm Tx`%
dktkal`o O`tkl E`~~ `oali yktf
~aokd tm`nfkli~ al msmx{ `~zmnt
ac tfm C`ktf, E{ ~mo~f zx`{mx
k~ tf`t e{ yaldmxc}o ykcm `ld K ykoo oksm ta ~mm `ld z`xtknkz`tm
kl tfk~ xm~tax`tkal, Kl tfm em`ltkem/ `klt Hmlmdknt Nmltmx k~
iaad zo`nm cax }~ ta hm,
Ym `xm hatf ct{%lklm {m`x~ aod `ld `xm nx`dom N`tfaokn~/
haxl tymosm {m`x~ hmcaxm S`tkn`l KK, K ymlt ta N`tfaokn ~nfaao
B tfxa}if 08 `ld Nfxk~ ymlt ta N`tfaokn ~nfaao }ltko tfkxdix`dm, Msml yktf tfm c`}ot~ ac tfm H`otkeaxm N`tmnfk~e/ ym
ymxm c`kxo{ ymoo caxemd kl
tfm C`ktf,
Tfm okhmx`ok~e tf`t fkt
tfm Nf}xnf kl tfm y`bm ac
S`tkn`l KK n`em `t ` h`d
tkem cax zmazom a}x `im,
Ke`iklm hmkli kl {a}x ekd%
tmml~ `ld `oo ac ` ~}ddml hm%
kli taod tf`t e}nf ac yf`t
{a} ymxm t`}ift `ha}t c`ktf
`ld eax`okt{ y`~ lat ke%zaxt`lt, Kt n`}~md em zxmtt{
e}nf ta om`sm tfm Nf}xnf
`xa}ld 0;98 ax ~a, K em`l/
yf{ hatfmx zx`ntknkli yfml
{a}xm taod h{ {a}x tm`nfmx~
kl ` N`tfaokn ~nfaao/ `ld h{
zxkm~t~/ tf`t iakli ta E`~~ k~
lat lmnm~~`x{ ta ~`sm {a}x
~a}o1 K ya}od ia ta E`~~ al
ann`~kal/ h}t K dkdlt n`xm
e}nf,
K y`~ e`xxkmd kl 0;98`ld mldmd }z dksaxnmd kl 0;68, E{ caxemx ykcm n`xmd om~~
`ha}t tfm C`ktf tf`l K dkd, A}x tya nfkodxml/ D`skd `ld @e{/
ymxm hmkli hxa}ift }z laekl`oo{ N`tfaokn/ h}t K c`komd `~ `
z`xmlt yfml kt n`em ta tm`nfkli e{ nfkodxml tfm C`ktf,
E{ dksaxnm y`~ lat z`xtkn}o`xo{ naltmltka}~/ h}t kt y`~ dkc%
n}ot cax em/ `~ K dkd kltmld ta ~t`{ e`xxkmd zmxe`lmlto{, Kl
tfk~ ~kt}`tkal/ faymsmx/ K f`d la nfaknm2 K g}~t f`d ta e`bm tfm
hm~t ac kt, K y`~ `y`{ cxae tfm Nf}xnf `t tf`t tkem/ ~a K y`~lt
tfklbkli ac N`tfaokn tm`nfkli xmi`xdkli d`tkli ax `l{tfkli, &K
lay blay tf`t K ~fa}od f`sm y`ktmd cax tfm Nf}xnf~ `ll}o
emlt hmcaxm d`tkli,+ Kl `l{ msmlt/ K }~md ta ia ta ` lkiftno}h
yfmxm l m`xo{%tfkxtkm~ nxayd ymlt ta d`lnm ld dxklb, K dkdl
dxklb/ ~a K ymlt ta d`lnm `ld/ fazmc}oo{/ emmt tfm yae`l ac
e{ dxm`e~,Al E`xnf 09/ 0;64/ K y`~ `t tfk~ lkiftno}h al ` ^`t}xd`{
lkift `ld K oaabmd }z `ld ~`y ` ~t}llkli xmdfm`d yfae K
f`d lmsmx ~mml tfmxm hmcaxm, Okttom dkd K blay A}x Oaxd f`d
g}~t hom~~md em ixm`to{, K `~bmd fmx ta d`lnm/ `ld tfm xm~t k~
fk~tax{,
Ym ymxm e`xxkmd al ^mztmehmx 6/ 0;6=/ kl ` Nalixmi`
tkal`o Nf}xnf, @t tfm tkem K y`~lt ~}xm kc K msml hmokmsmd kl
Iad/ h}t K okbmd tfm kdm` ac tfmxm hmkli ` Iad, Nfxk~ dkd hm
okmsm kl Iad/ h}t ~fm dkdlt tx{ ta caxnm kt al em, Oaabkli h`nb
kt zzm`x~ tf`t ~fm y`~ g}~t y`ktkli cax em ta y`bm }z ta xm`okt{
~aem d`{,
Kl 0;63/ ym ha}ift `l aod c`xefa}~m yktf ` h`xl `ldtymosm `nxm~ kl Nfm~tmx/ E`~~`nf}~mtt~, Tfk~ y`~ ` dxm`e
naem tx}m cax em, Ym na}od lay ixay a}x ayl caad `ld ym
f`d `nnm~~ ta iaad `xm`~ cax f}ltkli `ld ~fkli, @t x~t/ zaax
Nfxk~ n`em `oali bknbkli `ld ~nxm`ekli h}t/ kl tkem/ ~fm
mldmd }z oaskli fmx lmy okcm~t{om, @t tfm tkem K y`~ lat `t
Ex, Ykook`e Yxahom~bk
Tfm okhmx`ok~e tf`t
fkt tfm Nf}xnf kl
tfm y`bm ac S`tkn`l
KK n`em `t ` h`d
tkem cax zmazom a}x
`im, Ke`iklm hmklikl {a}x ekd%tmml~
`ld `oo ac ` ~}d%
dml hmkli taod tf`t
e}nf ac yf`t {a}
ymxm t`}ift `ha}t
c`ktf `ld eax`okt{
y`~ lat kezaxt`lt,
naltkl}md al z`im 00
Ykook`e `ld Nfxk~tklm Yxahom~bk
8/2/2019 Mancipia January/February, 2010
6/163 E`lNkzk` Tfm XmzaXTacTfm NX}~`dmac ~`klT HmlmdkNT NmlTmX G`l}`x{Cmhx}`x{ 8:0:
Bmoo{caX}EBmmz a}XckXm~ H}Xlkli/ a oaXd
@ctmx Nfxk~te`~/ yktf
tfm d`{~ imttkli oalimx
kl tfm Laxtfmxl Fmek%
~zfmxm/ alm ya}od mvzmnt tf`t
tfm tmezmx`t}xm~ ya}od ~t`xt
xk~kli, Kl~tm`d/ tfm d`{~ nt}`oo{ixay naodmx kl G`l}`x{ `ld Cmh%
x}`x{ tf`l tfm{ da kl Dmnmehmx,
Alm xm`~al cax tfk~ k~ hmn`}~m
ac y`tmx, Tfxmm p}`xtmx~ ac tfm
m`xtf k~ y`tmx, Tf`t zmxnmlt%
`im k~ ~aemyf`t om~~ kl tfm Laxtfmxl Fmek~zfmxm &3:-+ `ld
ixm`tmx kl tfm ^a}tfmxl &6:-+, Kt t`bm~ y`tmx ` oalimx tkem ta
naao ld cxmmwm tf`l tfm ixa}ld, a/ {a}oo latknm tf`t/ }~}`oo{/
zald~ `ld o`bm~ da lat c xmmwm }ltko `ctmx tfm ykltmx ~ao~tknm,
@ld tfm{ xmt`kl tfmkx cxawmllm~~ klta tfm ykltmx ealtf~ msml
`~ tfm d`{~ omlitfml, G}~t `~ kt t`bm~ y`tmx oalimx ta cxmmwm
tf`l o`ld/ ~a k~ kt ~oaymx ta y`xe, Kt k~ tfm y`tmx tmezmx`t}xmtf`t `ccmnt~ ym`tfmx eaxm tf`l tfm omlitf ac tfm d`{, @latfmx
xm`~al k~ tf`t/ cax tfm Laxtfmxl Fmek~zfmxm na}ltxkm~/ tfm nal%
tklmlt`o o`lde`~~ f`~ ta f`sm tkem ta hattom }z naod `kx cxae
o`nb ac ~}lokift `ld klnxm`~md ~lay nasmx, Tfk~ hattokli }z
hmikl~ ta ann}x kl Antahmx `ld xm`nfm~ kt~ c}oo omsmo ac cxkikd%
kt{ kl Dmnmehmx, @t tfk~ zaklt tmezmx`t}xm~ zo}eemt `ld tfm
naod `kx easm~ ~a}tf, E{ emtmaxaoaik~t lmzfmy klcaxemd em
`ha}t tfk~ hattokli }z mccmnt/ mvzo`klkli/ taa/ tf`t msml tfm
@xntkn `kx kl ^khmxk` n`l xm`nf tfm ],^,
^tkoo/ l`t}x`oo{ ~zm`bkli/ tfm oalimx d`{~ da latfkli ta
y`xe tfm ~zkxkt ~klnm tfm ym`tfmx k~ ~a naod `ld tfmxm~ latf%
kli a}t~kdm h}t ~lay `ld knm `ld x}l%dayl n`x~ ta dm`o yktf,@oo tfm~m tfkli~ ym da dm`o
yktf ~a tf`t ym n`l ia ta
yaxb/ cmmd tfm c`eko{/ cmmd
tfm ako `ld i`~ t`lb~/ z`{ `
tal ac hkoo~/ z`{ t`vm~/ `ld
z`{ emnf`lkn~ ~a tfm{ n`l
cmmd tfmkx c`ekokm~, Ya}odlt
kt hm lknm kc kt na}od hm atf%
mxyk~m1
Tfm hm~t zo`nm e{ n`x
t`bm~ em k~ ta E`~~, Tfmxm/
K n`l hm z`ezmxmd yktf ` okt%}xi{ tf`t hxkli~ y`xetf ta
tfm e{~tkn`o fm`xtf `~ tfm
Axkmlt al fkif sk~kt~ }~ `t
Nfxk~te`~2 azml~ Fk~ `xe~
ta }~ `t Fk~ Mzkzf`l{2 k~ h`ztkwmd cax }~2 y`ob~ `eali }~
tm`nfkli `ld yaxbkli ekx`nom~ d}xkli tfm ymmb~ ac Omlt2 ~}c%
cmx~ `ld dkm~ cax }~ al Iaad Cxkd`{2 `ld xk~m~ cxae tfm dm`d
cax }~ al M`~tmx }ld`{, H{ tfk~ tkem/ okt}xikn`oo{/ kt k~ @zxko ax
E`{ al tfm ealtfo{ n`omld`x `ld tfm ym`tfmx hmikl~ ta y`xe
`ld l`t}xm hmikl~ ta hoa~~ae h`nb ta okcm, Fay e}nf naodmx
ykltmx ya}od hm yktfa}t tfm okt}xi{ ac tfm d`ko{ ~`nxknm ac tfm
`ot`x! Kldmmd/ `~ ^`klt Z`dxm
Zka ~`kd/ Kt ya}od hm m`~kmx
cax tfm yaxod ta mvk~t yktf%
a}t tfm ~}l tf`l yktfa}t tfmFao{ ^`nxknm ac tfm E`~~,
Fay e}nf naodmx/ taa/
ya}od ykltmx hm yktfa}t A}x
O`d{! ^fm kt y`~ yfa~m `t
azmlmd tfm fm`sml~ ~a tfm
noa}d~ na}od x`kl dayl tfm
G}~t Alm `ld tfm m`xtf h}d
caxtf ` ^`skax, E`x{/ tfm
Lmy Msm/ ya}od hxkli caxtf
` ^`skax/ yfmxm`~ tfm Aod
Msm hxa}ift caxtf dm`tf,
Tfk~ k~ a}x Kltxakt caxtfm o`~t ^}ld`{ ac @dsmlt7
Dxaz dayl dmy/ {m fm`s%
ml~/ cxae `hasm/ `ld omt tfm
noa}d~ x`kl tfm g}~t7 omt tfm
m`xtf hm azmlmd/ `ld h}d
caxtf ` ~`ska}x &K~`k`~ 4=76+,
Kl A}x Oaxd~ mvtmldmd
okcm kl Fk~ E{~tkn`o Had{/
tfm Nf}xnf/ kt ~mme~ tf`t ym/
Fk~ emehmx~/ e`{ hm okskli
kl tfm ykltmx {m`x~, Ac `oo
tfm tfkli~ tf`t Gm~}~ ~`kd klFk~ `l~ymx ta Fk~ @za~tom~ p}m~tkal~ `ha}t tfm o`ttmx tkem~
tfm caooaykli xmsmo`tkal k~ ea~t dk~t}xhkli ta em, Yf{1 Hm
n`}~m kt ~mme~ tf`t kt k~ naekli ta z`~~ hmcaxm a}x m{m~ `ld
e`{ hm msml blanbkli `t tfm daax ac a}x ~a}o, @ld e`l{
c`o~m zxazfmt~ ~f`oo xk~m/ `ld ~f`oo ~md}nm e`l{, @ld hmn`}~m
klkp}kt{ f`tf `ha}ldmd/ tfm nf`xkt{ ac e`l{ ~f`oo ixay naod
&E`tt 847 00/08+,
Cax tfa~m ac }~ yfa `xm mltmxkli klta tfm ykltmx {m`x~ a
a}x okcm/ yfa f`sm bmzt tfm tx`dktkal`o N`tfaokn C ktf ld txkmd
faymsmx ym`bo{/ ta oksm kt/ cax tfa~m ac }~ yfa e`{ hm iakli
tfxa}if yf`tmsmx dmixmm~ ac`nmdk` tf`t ia yktf a}x ayl zmx
~al`o h`ttom c`tki}m/ tfmxm e`{ hm ` tmezt`tkal ta z}oo kl tfma`x~ `ld g}~t na`~t `oali,
Na`~t `oali1 Fay n`l ym hm ~a }lix`tmc}o ta mltmxt`kl tfm
tfa}ift1 Tfm msmxo`~tkli na`~t e`{ hm asmx tfm faxkwal/ ax
g}~t hm{ald tfm tfknb ek~t tf`t f`~ mlsmoazmd a}x ~zkxkt~, Yfml
kt y`~ ~}iim~tmd ta ^`klt Cx`lnk~ V`skmx/ `ctmx fk~ f`kx t}xlmd
ix`{ `ld fm z`~~md fk~ ctkmtf hkxtfd`{/ ta ~oay dayl `ld omt
{a}limx ek~~kal`xkm~ da tfm mod yaxb/ fm xmzokmd7 Dam~ tfm
n`zt`kl ac tfm ~fkz z}oo kl fk~ a`x~ yfml/ `ctmx ` oali sa{`im
fm ~mm~ tfm na`~t kl skmy1 La/ x`tfmx/ yktf xmlmymd mlmxi{/ fm
Ex, Hxk`l Bmoo{
Naem/ Fao{ Ifa~t/
y`xe tfm naodlm~~
ac e{ ~a}o, Da lat
omt e{ nf`xkt{ dkm
kl tfk~ d`xb `ld
kn{ ykltmx/ yfknf
tfxm`tml~ tadmf{dx`tm e{ ~zkxkt,
Yfml kt y`~~}iim~tmd ta
^`klt Cx`lnk~
V`skmx/ `ctmx fk~
f`kx t}xlmd ix`{
`ld fm z`~~md fk~
ckctkmtf hkxtfd`{/
ta ~oay dayl
`ld omt {a}limx
ek~~kal`xkm~ datfm ckmod yaxb/ fm
xmzokmd7 Dam~ tfm
n`zt`kl ac tfm ~fkz
z}oo kl fk~ a`x~
yfml/ `ctmx ` oali
sa{`im/ fm ~mm~ tfm
na`~t kl skmy1
8/2/2019 Mancipia January/February, 2010
7/169E`lNkzk` Tfm XmzaXTacTfm NX}~`dmac ~`klT HmlmdkNT NmlTmX G`l}`x{Cmhx}`x{ 8:0:
xay~ yktf eaxm i}~ta/ ~a ixm`t k~ fk~ {m`xlkli ta xm`nf tfm
~faxm,
^}nf a}ift ta hm a}x ~zkxkt, H}t kt n`llat hm a}x ~zkxkt }l%
tko ym azml a}x~mosm~ yktf `h`ldal ta tfm ikct~ `ld ix`nm~ ac
tfm Fao{ ^zkxkt, Tfxa}if Fk~ tx`l~caxekli ix`nm omt }~ `ooay
Fk~ ~za}~m/ tfm Hom~~md Eatfmx/ ta caxe Nfxk~t eaxm c}oo{ kla}x ~a}o~, Kl ~a dakli ym n`l hm eaxm mccmntksm ~mxs`lt~ `ld
~o`sm~ ac fmx Kee`n}o`tm Fm`xt,
Smlk ^`lntm ^zkxkt}~/ casm p}ad m~t cxkikd}e7 Naem/ Fao{Ifa~t/ y`xe tfm naodlm~~ ac e{ ~a}o, Da lat omt e{ nf`xkt{
dkm kl tfk~ d`xb `ld kn{ ykltmx/ yfknf tfxm`tml~ ta dmf{dx`tm
e{ ~zkxkt,Xki` p}ad m~t `xkd}e7 Xmcxm~f yf`t k~ h`xxml,Kl fk~ haab/ Tx}m Dmsatkal ta E`x{/ ^`klt Oa}k~ E`xkm dm
Ealtcaxt yxktm~ ac ` eaxm hom~~md d`{/ ` d`{ tf`t ykoo ~mm `oo
naodlm~~ dk~`zzm`x cxae a}x fm`xt~, K ykoo nalno}dm e{ nao%
}el yktf fk~ kl~zkxkli yaxd~7
Yfml ykoo tf`t f`zz{ d`{ naem/ `~b~ ` ~`klto{ e`l ac
a}x ayl d`{ yfa~m okcm y`~ naezomtmo{ yx`zzmd }z kl E`x{/yfml Iad~ Eatfmx k~ mltfxalmd kl eml~ fm`xt~ `~ P}mml/
~}hgmntkli tfme ta tfm daeklkal ac fmx ixm`t `ld zxklnmo{
^al1 Yfml ykoo ~a}o~ hxm`tfm E`x{ `~ tfm had{ hxm`tfm~
`kx1 Yfml tf`t tkem naem~ yaldmxc}o tfkli~ ykoo f`zzml al
m`xtf, Tfm Fao{ ^zkxkt/ ldkli fk~ dm`x ^za}~m zxm~mlt `i`kl
kl ~a}o~/ ykoo naem dayl
klta tfme yktf ixm`t zaymx,
Fm ykoo oo tfme yktf fk~
ikct~/ m~zmnk`oo{ yk~dae/h{ yfknf tfm{ ykoo zxad}nm
yaldmx~ ac ix`nm, E{ dm`x
cxkmld/ yfml ykoo tf`t f`zz{
tkem naem/ tf`t `im ac E`x{/
yfml e`l{ ~a}o~/ nfa~ml h{
E`x{ `ld iksml fmx h{ tfm
ea~t Fkif Iad/ ykoo fkdm
tfme~mosm~ naezomtmo{ kl
tfm dmztf~ ac fmx ~a}o/ hm%
naekli okskli nazkm~ ac fmx/
oaskli `ld ioaxkc{kli Gm~}~1 Tf`t d`{ ykoo d`yl alo{ yfml
tfm dmsatkal K tm`nf k~ }ldmx~taad `ld z}t klta zx`ntknm, ]`dsmlk`t xmil}e t}}e/ `dsmlk`t xmil}e E`xk`m7 Oaxd/ tf`t{a}x bklidae e`{ naem/ e`{ tfm xmkil ac E`x{ naem!
Me`ko Hxk`l Bmoo{ `t hdbJn`tfaoknk~e,axi
Kldmmd/ `~ ^`klt
Z`dxm Zka ~`kd/ Ktya}od hm m`~kmx cax
tfm yaxod ta mvk~t
yktfa}t tfm ~}l
tf`l yktfa}t tfm
Fao{ ^`nxkcknm ac tfm
E`~~,
A}x O`d{ ac tfm ^lay~
8/2/2019 Mancipia January/February, 2010
8/166 E`lNkzk` Tfm XmzaXTacTfm NX}~`dmac ~`klT HmlmdkNT NmlTmX G`l}`x{Cmhx}`x{ 8:0:
p}koom+/ P}mhmn `ld kt~ mlskxal~ gmttk~almd tfmkx caxemx N`tfa%oknkt{ yktf ` zxmnkzkta}~ xmnbom~~lm~~, Lahad{ blay~ tfk~ ~`d
tx}tf hmttmx tf`l c`ktfc}o N`tfaokn~ cxae tfm~m xmikal~, Tfm
~`kltkli ac ` smx{ z}hokn i}xm yfa~m ekx`nom~ ymxm/ `ctmx
`oo/ zmxcaxemd `eali tfm ix`ldz`xmlt~ ac a}x naltmezax`xkm~
ekift bkldom tfm ~tkoo%ioaykli mehmx~ ac Cxmlnf N`l`d`~
C`ktf ta hxkiftmx `em, &Cax eaxm al Cxmlnf N`l`d`~ caxemx
N`tfaoknkt{/ K xmnaeemld I`x{ Zattmx~ P}hmn `ld Cxmlnf
@emxkn`7 Yf`t Ekift F`sm Hmml/ ca}ld al a}x ymh~ktm,+
KS7 Oasm ac tfm Ia~zmo, Hxatfmx @ldx dkmd kl tfm {m`x
0;>9/ oali hmcaxmDmk Smxh}e ~}zza~mdo{ xmsksmd N`tfaokn dm%satkal ta Fao{ ^nxkzt}xm, [mt/ fm emeaxkwmd tfm ^mxeal al
tfm Ea}lt &msmx{ Fao{ Nxa~~ lasknm f`d ta+/ `ld/ o`tmx/ tfm
`nna}lt ac tfm Z`~~kal xmnaxdmd kl m`nf ac tfm ca}x Ia~zmo~,
Tfm~m ymxm la emxm emeax{ mvmxnk~m~2 fm emdkt`tmd al tfm
^nxkzt}xm~, Lay/ yfkom kt k~ ` tmxxkhom klg}~tknm ta ~`{ tf`t tfm
Nf}xnf kl tfa~m d`{~ dkd lat `zzxmnk`tm tfm Hkhom/ kt k~ `o~a
tx}m tf`t ~zkxkt}`o xm`dkli cax xmokika}~ kl tfa~m d`{~ y`~ zxk%e`xko{ cxae dmsatkal`o haab~ tf`t accmxmd ` fkifo{ emnf`%
lkwmd `zzxa`nf ta tfm ~zkxkt}`o okcm, Tfm `lnkmlt `ld emdkms`o
caxe~ ac xmokika}~ okcm/ al tfm atfmx f`ld/ o`kd ixm`t mezf`~k~
al xm`dkli tfm Fao{ ^nxkzt}xm/ m~zmnk`oo{ kl tfm caxe acomntkadkskl`, A}x ~`klt/ ~aal%ta%hm/ hmoalimd ta ` tm`nfkli nalixm%i`tkal ca}ldmd kl tfm lklmtmmltf nmlt}x{/ h}t alm ~faykli `
nom`x naltkl}kt{ yktf tx`dktkal`o ~zkxkt}`okt{/ `~ n`l hm ~mml kl
fk~ iakli ta tfm zxke`x{ ~a}xnm~ ac tfm ~zkxkt}`o okcm7 tfm Ia~%
zmo~, &A}x ayl Ca}ldmx/ C`%
tfmx Omal`xd Cmmlm{/ f`d
` ixm`t zxmdkomntkal cax tfm
fao{ Ia~zmo~ `~ tfm x~t `ldo`~t yaxd kl ~zkxkt}`o xm`dkli/
tm`nfkli fk~ dk~nkzom~ ta oasm
`ld nfmxk~f tfme `ld `oo tfm
^nxkzt}xm~,+
S7 Fm y`~ g}~t ` o`{
hxatfmx, E`l{ zx`ntknkli
N`tfaokn~ g}~t dalt imt xm%
okika}~ okcm, @ld cax tfme/
tfm ea~t }~mom~~ `zzmld`im
kl tfm `l`tae{ ac xmokikal
k~ tfm o`{ hxatfmx, &E`l{
{m`x~ `ia/ ` o`{ hxatfmx zmllmd ` f}eaxa}~ `xtknom n`oomd/ ^a/[a}xm ` Hxatfmx/ C`tfmx1 ~mmbkli ta mvzo`kl ta tfm zmxzomvmd
g}~t yf`t eml okbm }~ `xm,+ Tfm kdm` ac okskli tfm na}l~mo~ ac
ms`limokn`o zmxcmntkal h{ say/ yktfa}t tfm dekttmdo{ }~mc}o
`ddktkal ac Fao{ Axdmx~/ ~mme~ ta ~aem tfm y`~tm ac ` okcm,
Tfm zxkm~tfaad `ld tfm xmokika}~ okcm `xm x`dkn`oo{ dk~tklnt sa%
n`tkal~/ msml tfa}if tfm{ n`l namvk~t kl tfm ~`em e`l, ^`klt
Hmlmdknt y`~ lat ` zxkm~t, Lmktfmx ymxm tfm s`~t e`gaxkt{ ac
fk~ m`xo{ dk~nkzom~/ lax tfm dm~mxt c`tfmx~/ lax tfm Kxk~f ealb~/
lax tfm e`om xmokika}~ ac ^`klt Cx`lnk~ &yfa fke~moc y`~ kl
Fao{ Axdmx~/ h}t ymlt la c}xtfmx tf`l tfm dk`nal`tm/ f`skli
hmml naezmoomd ta da ~a+, Ta n`lalkwm ` e`l zaz}o`xo{ blayl
`~ Cxxm ax Hxatfmx ykoo `dd ` e}nf%lmmdmd o}~tmx ta a}x
san`tkal,
SK7 Dmcmldmx ac tfm ^ank`o Axdmx, Tfm f}ehom okttom
zaxtmx azza~md tfm s`xka}~ `ltk%Nfxk~tk`l k~e~ tf`t e`dm
tfm tymltkmtf nmlt}x{ tfm ea~t ~`li}kl`x{ kl e`l~ fk~tax{
Iaad N`tfaokn naeeal ~ml~m e`dm fke dm~zk~m naee}lk~e
yfknf ~mxka}~o{ eml`nmd N`l`d` kl fk~ d`{, Fm e`dm fk~ cmmo
kli~ blayl kl tfm ea~t kllanmlt ac y`{~, Yfml fk~ `xe ~}c
cmxmd cxae z`x`o{~k~/ fm taod cxkmld~/ E{ `xe k~ `ntkli okbm
` naee}lk~t, Al fk~ dm`tfhmd/ fm zx`{md cax N`tfaokn ^z`kl
tfml kl tfm nals}o~kal~ ac y`x/ `~ Imlmx`o Cx`lna ~txasm ta
dmcm`t hatf naee}lk~t~ `ld `l`xnfk~t~, Omt }~ lat caximt tf`t
kl Cxmlnf @emxkn`/ g}~t `~ kl Emdktmxx`lm`l M}xazm `ld O`tkl
@emxkn`/ okhmx`ok~e/ ~ank`ok~e/ `ld Cxmme`~alx{ ~fay tfme
~mosm~ kl e}nf eaxm mvzoknkto{ `ltk%N`tfaokn dxm~~ tf`l kl tfm
@lioa yaxod, Tfm aod caao al tfm ea}lt`kl &`~ tfm{ n`oomdfke+/ yktf fk~ ekx`nom~ `ld fk~ n`oo~ ta nalsmx~kal `ld zx`{mx
y`~ ~t`ldkli xmh}bm ta tfmkx ~lkdm kdmaoaikm~, Yfkom tfm okttom
ta cXkmld~actfm NX}~`dm7~`klt `ldXac Ea}lt Xa{`o/ `tkEmo{N`lalkw`tkalnaltkl}md cxae z`im 8
E`l{ zx`ntknkliN`tfaokn~ g}~t
dalt imt xmokika}~
okcm, @ld cax tfme/
tfm ea~t }~mom~~
`zzmld`im kl tfm
`l`tae{ ac xmokikal
k~ tfm o`{ hxatfmx,
@ ~t`t}m ac ^`klt Ga~mzf `t Ek~~kal ^`l Dkmia @on`o/ N`okcaxlk`,
8/2/2019 Mancipia January/February, 2010
9/16;E`lNkzk` Tfm XmzaXTacTfm NX}~`dmac ~`klT HmlmdkNT NmlTmX G`l}`x{Cmhx}`x{ 8:0:
zaxtmx dam~ lat x`lb `eali tfm ymoo%blayl dmcmldmx~ ac tfm
~ank`o xmkil ac A}x Oaxd/ fk~ yfaom oali okcm y`~ smx{ z}hokn
`cxe`tkal ac tfm zxke`n{ ac Iad~ xkift~, Nfxk~t tfm Bkli k~
ea~t falaxmd h{ ~}nf okttom alm~,
SKK7^txalio{ Xae`l/ Z`z`o, Yfml fm y`~ al fk~ dm`tf%
hmd/ Cxxm @ldx y`~ mlna}x`imd ta `~b ^t, Ga~mzf ta ~z`xm
fke hmn`}~m fm y`~ lmmd%
md, Ta tfk~/ fm xm~zaldmd/
Tfmxm k~ alm yfa k~ c`x
eaxm lmnm~~`x{ tf`l Hxatfmx
@ldx kl tfk~ yaxod7 tf`t k~
tfm Zazm, Kc tfm Fao{ C`tfmx
z`~~md `y`{/ kt ya}od hm `
dk~`~tmx2 fm ~tkoo f`~ e}nf ta
`nnaezok~f, Hxatfmx @ldx
dkd lat ~}xsksm tfk~ koolm~~/
h}t Zazm Zk}~ VK/ yfa o`{
~knb `ld d{kli `t tfm ~`emtkem/ xmnasmxmd, Kt k~ blayl
tf`t tfm zaxtmx zx`{md cax
Zk}~/ `ld ym e`{ hmokmsm
tfm Zazm~ tya eaxm {m`x~
ac okcm ymxm `l `l~ymx ta tfa~m zx`{mx~, Tf`t ~}nf ` ~kezom/
zxasklnk`o e`l ~fa}od nalnmxl fke~moc yktf tfm ymoo%hmkli ac
tfm `kokli Kt`ok`l @ehxaika D`ek`la @nfkoom X`ttk/ yfa
oksmd 4/::: ekom~ `y`{ kl Xaem k~ `l moap}mlt tm~tkeal{
ta tfm }lksmx~`okt{ ac tfm Nf}xnf/ `ld tfm dantxklm tf`t tfm Xa%
e`l Zaltkcc k~ c`tfmx `ld tm`nfmx ac `oo Nfxk~tk`l~/ za~~m~~%
kli c}oo zaymx ta x}om/ cmmd/ ld iasmxl tfm }lksmx~`o Nf}xnf
&S`tkn`l K/ Z`~tax @mtmxl}~/ KKK+, Kl tfm~m d`{~/ yfml ` lma%nalnkok`xk~t latkal ac naoomik`okt{ f`~ ymoo m~t`hok~fmd kt~moc
kl tfmaoaikn`o nkxnom~/ txknbokli dayl ta tfm e`~~m~ `~ cx`lb
dk~xmi`xd cax tfm ^}zxmem Zaltkcc/ ~}nf `l mdkc{kli mv`ezom
ac kltml~m dmsatkal ta tfm Fao{ C`tfmx k~ e}nf lmmdmd, Klno}d%
md/ h{ tfm y`{/ `eali tfm dmmd~ `nnaezok~fmd h{ Zk}~ VK kl
tfm tkem z}xnf`~md cax fke h{ Cxxm @ldx ymxm ~aem tf`t
~mme m~zmnk`oo{ `zt, Cax alm/ al E`xnf 0;/ 0;>9 tfm Cm`~t
ac ^`klt Ga~mzf Zk}~ z}hok~fmdDksklk Xmdmeztaxk~/ `l ml%n{nokn`o omttmx naldmelkli naee}lk~e, @~ kc kl ix`tkt}dm cax
fk~ ayl xmnasmx{ `ld yktf ixm`t naldmlnm kl E`x{~ ~za}~m/
tay`xd~ tfm mld ac tfm mln{nokn`o Zk}~ yxatm/ Ym zo`nm tfm
s`~t n`ez`kil ac tfm Nf}xnf `i`kl~t yaxod naee}lk~e }ldmxtfm ~t`ld`xd ac ^`klt Ga~mzf/ fmx ekift{ Zxatmntax,
SKKK7Dmsatkal ta tfm Fao{ C`eko{, Hxatfmx @ldx~ Nal%
ixmi`tkal y`~ z`xt ac ` o`ximx xmokika}~ c`eko{ ca}ldmd h{
N`lal Eaxm`}/ nal~k~tkli ac tfxmm z`xt~/ m`nf alm ac yfknf
naxxm~zaldmd ta ` emehmx ac tfm Fao{ C`eko{, Tfm Fao{
Nxa~~ C`tfmx~/ yfa~m emehmx~ ymxm nalcaxemd ta Nfxk~t~
zxkm~tfaad h{ skxt}m ac Fao{ Axdmx~/ naxxm~zaldmd ta tfm
Fao{ Klc`lt, E`x{ y`~ xmzxm~mltmd h{ tfm ~k~tmx~/ n`oomd tfm
E`xk`lktm~ ac Fao{ Nxa~~, Tfm Fao{ Nxa~~ Hxatfmx~ ~taad kl
tfm zo`nm ac ^t, Ga~mzf kl tfk~ c`eko{, Tfm{ ymxm/ kl c`nt/ axkik
l`oo{ nalixmi`tkal ac o`{ hxatfmx~ ca}ldmd h{ C`tfmx G`np}m~
Cx`lak~ D}g`xkm `ld n`oomd Tfm Hxatfmx~ ac ^t, Ga~mzf, C`
tfmx D}g`xkm mltx}~tmd fk~ ca}ld`tkal ta N`lal Eaxm`}/ yfa
emximd tfme klta fk~ oxm`d{ mvk~tkli xmokika}~ c`eko{, @oo tfm
emehmx~ ac `oo tfm~m tfxmm nalixmi`tkal~ ymxm keh}md yktf
dmsatkal ta tfm Fao{ C`eko{, Kl tfm~m d`{~ yfml c`eko{ okcm k~
~a tmxxkho{ ~~`komd al ~a e`l{ cxalt~/ dmsatkal ta tfm e{~tmx{
`ld tfm zmx~al~ ac tfm Fao{ C`eko{ k~ ac ixm`t s`o}m, @ld tfm
c`nt tf`t Hxatfmx @ldx np}kxmd fk~ ~aokd zkmt{ kl nfkodfaad k~
`l klnmltksm ta N`tfaokn z`xmlt~ ta kekt`tm tfm Hm~~mttm~ ayl
fao{ c`eko{,
@~ ` noa~kli zaklt/ K latm tf`t zmazom f`sm hmml }~kli tfm
naeemlt~ havm~ kl a}x aloklm `xtknom al Cxxm @ldx cax za~t
kli tfmkx zx`{mx kltmltkal~, Zom`~m cmmo cxmm ta za~t {a}x ayl
kltmltkal~ tfmxm/ taa, [a} e`{ o~a xmzaxt tfmxm l{ c`sax~ {a}
f`sm xmnmksmd tfxa}if tfm zx`{mx~ ac a}x @emxkn`l ~`klt,
Me`ko Hxatfmx @ldx E`xkm `t h`eJn`tfaoknk~e,axi
Zazm Hmlmdknt VSK `t tfm Ymdlm~d`{ `}dkmlnm
tfm hxatfmx~ `ttmldmd, &^mm `xtknom/ z`im 0:,+
Kl tfm~m d`{~ yfml
c`eko{ okcm k~ ~a
tmxxkho{ `~~`komd
al ~a e`l{ cxalt~/
dmsatkal ta tfm
e{~tmx{ `ld tfm
zmx~al~ ac tfm Fao{
C`eko{ k~ ac ixm`t
s`o}m,
8/2/2019 Mancipia January/February, 2010
10/160: E`lNkzk` Tfm XmzaXTacTfm NX}~`dmac ~`klT HmlmdkNT NmlTmX G`l}`x{Cmhx}`x{ 8:0:
Tf`lb~ ta tfm o`xim~~m ac ~aem hmlmc`ntax~ yfa c}ldmd
a}x zo`lm c`xm/ Hxatfmx E`vkekok`l E`xk` `ld K xmnmlto{
~zmlt tya ymmb~ kl Xaem, Tfm txkz/ okbm e{ o`~t {m`x~
~aoa zkoixke`im/ y`~ z`xt h}~klm~~/ `ld z`xt zom`~}xm, Cax
tf`t xm`~al/ K xmcmxxmd ta kt `~ ` yaxbkli zkoixke`im,
K ya}od okbm ta iksm alm okttom ~l`z~fat `eali f}ldxmd~
ac emlt`o zfataix`zf~ cxae a}x caxtlkift kl tfm Mtmxl`o Nkt{,
Kt k~ ` zknt}xm ac tfm mlna}x`imemlt ym cmot kl tfm zxm~mlnm ac
{a}li nomxkn~ `ld ` cmy ~mekl`xk`l~,
H}t kt ya}od hm zxmnkzkta}~ ta zaxtx`{ tfk~ ke`im yktfa}t
x~t ~}zzo{kli ` h`nbixa}ld,
Z`xt ac a}x xa}tklm y`~ d`ko{ E`~~ kl `klt Zmtmx~ H`~kokn`/
`t 97:: @E/ yfml tfm H`~kokn` azml~ ta tfm xmo`tksmo{ ~e`oo
ixa}z~ ac zmazom y`ktkli a}t~kdm &`eali yfae `xm e`l{ xmok%
ika}~ ~k~tmx~+, G}~t hmcaxm tf`t fa}x/ yfml tfm ~mn}xkt{ i}`xd~
`ld atfmx H`~kokn` ~t`cc `ooay zkoixke~ ta mltmx tfm Nf}xnf/
tfmxm k~ `latfmx oklm caxekli ` e}nf eaxm naezmtktksm alm
kl ` nmxt`kl ykli ac ^`klt Zmtmx~,
Fmxm/ nomxkn`o S`tkn`l mezoa{mm~
yfa/ yktf tfmkx S`tkn`l nxmdml%
tk`o~/ n`l z`~~ tfm ^yk~~ I}`xd~
`ld atfmx ~mn}xkt{ hm{ald tfme
`xm oklkli }z cax tfm e`d d`~f
klta tfm ~`nxk~t{, Tfm okttom nxayd k~
naeza~md ac zxkm~t~/ hk~faz~/ `ld
` cmy atfmx~/ yfa mltmx yktf tfme
}ldmx tfm x}hxkn ac ~mxsmx~, Tfmxm
e}~t hm ~aem tfkxt{ ac tfme y`kt%
kli cax tfm 37== ax ~a azmlkli ac tfm
~`nxk~t{ daax~, Msmx{alm x}~fm~ klta sm~t/ ix`h `l `nao{tm `ld E`~~
zxask~kal~/ `ld x`nm cax `l `ot`x
yfkom `ot`x~ `xm ~tkoo `s`ko`hom, Alm
eal~kilax dm~nxkhmd kt ta em `~ `
x`t x`nm, Eaxm tf`l alnm/ Hxatfmx
E`vkekok`l `ld K ymxm z`xt ac tf`t
x`t x`nm/ `~ ym mltmxmd tfm ~`n%
xk~t{ mltx`lnm ta ~mxsm tfm E`~~ ac
` zxkm~t cxkmld ac a}x~/ yfa yaxb~
cax tfm Fao{ ^mm, Cax tya ymmb~/
`oea~t msmx{ d`{/ ym `~~k~tmd `t
fk~ E`~~ `t tfm @ot`x ac tfm Tx`l~%i}x`tkal, Alm d`{/ yfml tf`t `ot`x
y`~lt `s`ko`hom &kt~ x~t%naem%
x~t%~mxsmd+/ C`tfmx accmxmd E`~~
`t tfm @ot`x ac A}x O`d{ ac ^}nnax/
yfknf k~ }ldmxlm`tf ` tymoctf nml%
t}x{ knal ac tfm Eatfmx ac Iad/ `ld
`taz tfm xmokn~ ac ^`klt Ixmiax{ ac L`wk`lwml, Tfk~ z`xtkn}o`x
E`~~ y`~ ` Xmp}kme/ accmxmd cax ` dmnm`~md tfkxd axdmx eme%
hmx }ldmx fk~ tmxtk`x{ l`em/ Hxatfmx E`o`nfk E`x{,
Ac na}x~m/ tfm E`~~m~ ymxm
kl tfm tx`dktkal`o xktm, @ld
fmxm~ tfm tfkli7 Lay/ za~t%
^}eeax}e Zaltkn}e/ ` c}oo
f`oc ax eaxm ac tfm eaxlkli
E`~~m~ kl ^t, Zmtmx~ `xm kl tfm
no`~~kn`o Xae`l xktm! Yfml a}x
n}xk`o zxkm~t%cxkmld y`~ a}t ac
tayl cax ` na}zom ac d`{~/ ym
txkmd a}x o}nb alm eaxlkli
`ld ymlt cxae alm `ot`x ta `l%
atfmx kl ~m`xnf ac tfm tx`dktkal`o
xktm, ^aal/ ym ymxm `t tfm E`~~
ac ` {a}li Nwmnf zxkm~t yfa
yaxb~ cax tfm ^mnxmt`xk`t ac
^t`tm~ Acnm, Fm f`d la ~mxsmx/ ~a/ lat hmkli ~f{/ K g}ezmd kl
`ld ~mxsmd, @ld kt y`~ `l falax ta ~mxsm E`~~ hmkli accmxmd
asmx tfm had{ ac Zazm `klt Oma tfmIxm`t `t ` e`ilknmlt `ot`x/ yfmxm
alm e`{ ah~mxsm kl tfm `ot`xzkmnm
Zazm Oma ikskli tfm h}~klm~~ ta
@ttko` tfm F}l/ yktf tfm fmoz ac tfm
Fao{ @za~tom~ Zmtmx `ld Z`}o,
Msmx{ d`{/ kl noa~m zxavkekt{ ta
a}x ot`x/ ym na}od ~mm cmy atfmx
tx`dktkal`o%xktm E`~~m~,
@ctmx E`~~ msmx{ eaxlkli
ym ymlt cax ` okift hxm`bc`~t kl `
lm`xh{ naccmm h`x/ yfknf k~ oomd
yktf ` cmy ~e`oo nxayd~ ac nomxkn~yfa/ okbm }~/ f`sm g}~t naem cxae
E`~~ `t ^t, Zmtmx~/ `ld `xm `ha}
ta hmikl tfmkx d`{ kl tfm acnm ax kl
tfm no`~~xaae, Al na}zom ac tfm~m
d`{~/ ym ca}ld a}x~mosm~ yktf ~aem
~mekl`xk`l~/ yfa t`obmd ac tfmkx
dm~kxm ta accmx tfm tx`dktkal`o xktm
E`~~/ `ld fay tfmkx nalskntkal~
kl tfk~ `xm` ymxm ~f`xmd asmxto{ ax
nasmxto{ h{ e`l{ cmooay ~mekl`x
k`l~, Kl tfm~m nalsmx~`tkal~/ tfm
~zkxkt ac c`o~m mn}emlk~e y`~ ~mxka}~o{ ~naxlmd/ `ld `dfmxmlnm ta
`oo tfkli~ tx`dktkal`o y`~ e`dm msk
dmlt, Tfm~m c}t}xm zxkm~t~ ~zm`b tfm
o`li}`im ac Gmx}~`ome/ `ld la
ac Mi{zt,
Ta p}atm cxae ` ~ali K tx}o{
f`tm/ h}t yfa~m tktom `zto{ n`zt}xm~ tfm tfkli K y`lt ta ~`{
tfm tkem~ tfm{ `xm `%nf`likl!
Me`ko Hxatfmx @ldx E`xkm `t h`eJn`tfaoknk~e,axi
zXaEk~kli ~kil~kl XaEmH{HXatfmX`ldX E`Xkm/ E,k,N,E,
Lay/ za~t%^}e%
eax}e Zal%
tkckn}e/ ` c}oo f`ocax eaxm ac tfm
eaxlkli E`~~m~
kl ^t, Zmtmx~ `xm
kl tfm no`~~kn`o
Xae`l xktm!
Tfm @ot`x ac tfm Tx`l~cki}x`tkal/ ^`klt Zmtmx~ H`~kokn`,
8/2/2019 Mancipia January/February, 2010
11/1600E`lNkzk` Tfm XmzaXTacTfm NX}~`dmac ~`klT HmlmdkNT NmlTmX G`l}`x{Cmhx}`x{ 8:0:
tmldkli `l{ nf}xnf2 Nfxk~/ faymsmx/ ya}od ~aemtkem~ ia ta
tfm Las}~ Axda `t tfm oan`o z`xk~f,
Tfm ~}eemx ac 0;69 y`~ ta hmnaem mvtxmemo{ kezaxt`lt
ta }~, K ~t`xtmd zx`{kli ta Iad tf`t kc Fm y`~ xm`oo{ tfmxm ta
~aemfay ~fay em, ^faxto{ klta tfm ~}eemx/ K hmn`em smx{
~knb, @t x~t ym tfa}ift kt y`~ tfm }/ h}t ctmx tfxmm/ tfml ca}x
ymmb~ ym hmn`em nalnmxlmd,
D}xkli tfm lmvt na}zom ac ealtf~ tfm dantax~ x`l e`l{
tm~t~ h}t ca}ld latfkli yxali, K yaxxkmd tf`t K y`~ d{kli/
e`{hm ac @KD^ ax ~aemtfkli/ h}t K y`~lt kl `l{ xk~b ixa}z
cax @KD^, K y`~ imttkli yax%
xkmd/ ~a K ~t`xtmd zx`{kli/
ea~to{ ta A}x O`d{ `ld ^t,
G}dm, Tfml K ~t`xtmd xm`d%
kli `ha}t ekx`n}oa}~ fm`o%
kli~ `t Oa}xdm~ `ld/ yktf
e{ zzxmnk`tkal ac ~nkmlnm/ K
y`~ kezxm~~md h{ tfm dan}%emltmd mskdmlnm, Alm lkift/
yfkom xm`dkli eaxm ac tfm~m
dan}emltmd ekx`nom~ cxae
Oa}xdm~/ kt d`ylmd al em
tf`t tfm C`ktf K y`~ haxl klta
y`~ xm`o,
Kl o`tm @}i}~t/ 0;69/ K
om`xlmd tf`t/ h`nb kl E`{/ K
f`d zknbmd }z ` z`x`~ktm yfkom ~fasmokli e`l}xm cax a}x i`x%
dml, K l`oo{ xmnasmxmd `ha}t tya ealtf~ o`tmx `ld ~t`xtmd
`ttmldkli tfm Las}~ Axda yktf e{ ykcm, Kl m`xo{ 0;66 ym
e`dm N}x~kooa `ld K iat klsaosmd yktf tfm Emdg}iaxgm easm%emlt, Ym f`d hmml `y`{ cxae tfm Nf}xnf cax ~a oali ym g}~t
y`ltmd ta da N`tfaokn ~t}cc, Okttom dkd ym blay `t tfm tkem
fay d`limxa}~ ta tfm C`ktf hatf ac tfm~m easmemlt~ `xm,
Kl 0;;8/ K xmnmksmd l ll}oemlt ac e{ x~t e`xxk`im, D}m
ta nmxt`kl nkxn}e~t`lnm~ K zxah`ho{ ya}od f`sm hmml ix`ltmd
alm msml kl eaxm N`tfaokn tkem~, Tf`t ~`em {m`x Nfxk~ `ld K
ymxm e`xxkmd kl tfm N`tfaokn Nf}xnf,
@ctmx om`xlkli yf`t f`d f`zzmlmd ta a}x hmoasmd Nf}xnf
~klnm S`tkn`l KK/ ym ~oayo{ ~t`xtmd easkli tay`xd tx`dktkal
A}x x~t mvza~}xm y`~ tfm 0;;> M`~tmx Txkd}}e `t ^`klt Hmlm
dknt Nmltmx kl ^tkoo Xksmx/ E`~~`nf}~mtt~, Ym ~t`xtmd iakli
tfmxm `~ xmi}o`xo{ `~ za~~khom/ msml tfa}if kt y`~ ` tya%fa}x
xkdm cxae faem, Hxatfmx Tfae`~ @}i}~tklm `ld m~zmnk`oo{
Hxatfmx Ga~mzf &Iad xm~t fk~ ~a}o+ ymxm ` ixm`t fmoz ta }~,
H{ 0;;9/ E`~~`nf}~mtt~ y`~ hmnaekli eaxm `ld eaxm
fa~tkom ta f}ltmx~/ i}l aylmx~/ `ld `l{alm yfa y`ltmd ta
oksm xm`~al`ho{ cxmm, Ym dmnkdmd kt y`~ tkem ta easm ta Lmy
F`ez~fkxm/ tfm o`~t ~t`tm kl tfm Laxtfm`~t tf`t ~mmemd ta xm
~zmnt tfm xkift~ ac kt~ nktkwml~,Ym sk~ktmd ^`klt Hmlmdknt Nmltmx kl Xknfeald kl G`l}`x{
0;;6/ `ld f`d ` oali nf`t yktf Hxatfmx Cx`lnk~ `ld tfm atfmx
xmokika}~, ^aal `ctmxy`xd~ ym ~t`xtmd `ttmldkli E`~~ tfmxm
`ld lkift no`~~m~, Ym easmd ta Xknfeald kl @}i}~t/ 0;;;
`ld gaklmd alm ac tfm ~t}d{ nkxnom~, Kt~ hmml tml {m`x~ lay
`ld/ {m~/ tfm{ ~}xm f`sm ialm h{ kl `~f, Ea~t ac a}x cxkmld~
`xm nallmntmd yktf ^HN `ld tfm{/ `oali yktf tfm xmokika}~
f`sm fmozmd }~ ta ixay kl `ld bmmz tfm C`ktf, Ym tx{ ta fmoz
a}t `t tfm eal`~tmx{ yfmlmsmx ym n`l `~ kt k~ ` smx{ `ntksm
zo`nm/ smx{ fa~zkt`hom/ `ld tfm hxatfmx~ `ld ~k~tmx~ n`l `oy`{~
}~m fmozkli f`ld~, ^HN f`~ hmnaem ` faem cax }~ eaxm
tf`l tf`t/ ` c`eko{, Fazmc}oo{/ ym n`l hmnaem om~~ }lyaxtf{ac ~}nf ` ikct cxae Iad,
oaN`o lmy~7tfm z`tfac iX`Nmnaltkl}md cxae z`im =
Ym easmd ta Xknf%
eald kl @}i}~t
0;;;/ `ld gaklmd
alm ac tfm ~t}d{nkxnom~, Kt~ hmml
tml {m`x~ lay `ld/
{m~/ tfm{ ~}xm f`sm
ialm h{ kl ` co`~f,
N`tfaokn @emxkn` Ta}x 8:0:
Ym `xm oaabkli ax ~zal~ax~ ta fa~t tfm~m
msmlt~ kl 8:0:, ^mm tfm h`nb nasmx ax dmt`ko~,
Tfm zfata k~ xae tfm o`~t t`ob iksml kl LG,
8/2/2019 Mancipia January/February, 2010
12/1608 E`lNkzk` Tfm XmzaXTacTfm NX}~`dmac ~`klT HmlmdkNT NmlTmX G`l}`x{Cmhx}`x{ 8:0:
@~ K yxktm tfk~/ kt k~ ~tkoo tfm
Nfxk~te`~ ~m`~al, K ld
kt zmxcmnt tkem ta z`}~m/
hmtymml hktm~ ac nfanao`tm taxtm
`ld ~kz~ ac ~z`xbokli yklm/ ta
nal~kdmx kc ym f`sm om`xlmd tacm`~t `zzxazxk`tmo{, Tfm ah~mx%
s`tkal~ tf`t caooay xmo`tm ta tfm
mltkxmt{ ac tfm Nf}xnf~ {m`x/ ~a
kt~ ab`{ kc {a} f`zzml ta zknb
tfk~ }z d}xkli Omlt,
Tfm yfaom e`ttmx k~ om~~ ac `
l`lnk`o k~~}m tf`l alm ac omk~}xm `ld }lkal yktf tfm okt}xik%
n`o {m`x, @ld kt o~a klsaosm~ ~mxka}~ oaab t fay ym xmnmksmtfk~ d`{ a}x d`ko{ hxm`d `ld mehx`nm tfm tkem~ ac c`~tkli, Kt k~
alo{ h{ tfm naltx`~t~ ac tfm~m tfxmm tf`t ym n`l blay kc ym xm
nallmntmd yktf f}ldxmd~ ac {m`x~ ac N`tfaokn zx`ntknm, A}x
~ankmt{ k~ x`zkdo{ ho}xxkli oklm~ ac dk~tklntkal, Ym ~mm tfk~ latalo{ kl zmxzmt}`o i`~txalaekn nmomhx`tkal~ h}t `o~a kl `ttkxm7
`~ ` l`tkal ym ~mme ta f`sm caxiattml `ha}t ^}ld`{ noatfm~
`ld msmlkli dxm~~, K xmemehmx &y`{ h`nb kl e{ {a}tf+ nf`li%
kli a}t ac zo`{ noatfm~ ta ia ta tayl, Tfmxm~ ` nxk~k~ kl atfmx
`xm`~ `~ ymoo7 e`llmx~ &yf{ ya}odlt K tmvt e{ cxkmld~ yfkom
~kttkli `t {a}x dkllmx t`hom1+ `ld naxxm~zaldmlnm &yf`t~ `
tf`lb%{a} omttmx ax ` zml z`o1+, H}t tfk~ k~ lat ta hm ` o`e
mlt`tkal7 x`tfmx `l mlna}x`imemlt ta t`bm ` oaab `xa}ld tfm
bktnfml `ld dmnkdm ta cm`~t
ymoo/ h{ }ldmx~t`ldkli yf`t
kt em`l~ ta m`t ~kezo{ al `xmi}o`x h`~k~,
A}x em`o~ ~fa}od la}x%
k~f }~ had{ `ld ~a}o h{ hm%
kli yfaom~aem `ld ~`tk~c{%
kli, A}x hadkm~ `xm e`dm
ac yf`t ym m`t, @~ alm hxkmc
mv`ezom &iksml yfkom ykz%
kli `y`{ ` nfanao`tm ~em`x+/
msmx{ nmoo kl a}x hadkm~
xmi}o`xo{ xmn{nom~ dx`y%
kli cxae `s`ko`hom l}txkmlt~
ta xmh}kod, Kc m`nf nmoo eme%hx`lm k~lt fm`otf{/ tfm nmoo kt~moc k~ okektmd kl kt~ `hkokt{ ta
c}lntkal, Tfmxmcaxm/ kt ~mme~ xm`~al`hom tf`t a}x laxe`o c`xm
~fa}od hm naeza~md ac ~kezom/ yfaom~aem caad~ tf`t zxaeatm
fm`otf/ zxad}nm ~`tkmt{ `ld naecaxt/ `ld `xm `ccaxd`hom, Xm
~m`xnf klta aztkal~ lmmdlt hm tmdka}~, Tfmxm~ `l `h}ld`lnm
~zmNk`o cm`t}Xma}XN`tfaokN d}t{ac cm`~tkli ymoo
Nfxk~tklm Hx{`l
A}x em`o~ ~fa}od
la}xk~f }~ had{
`ld ~a}o h{ hmkli
yfaom~aem `ld
~`tk~c{kli, A}x
hadkm~ `xm yf`t ym
m`t,
Gakl tfm Tm`e! Hmnaem ` Emehmx ac tfm P}mml~ Txkh}tm
Msmx{ fa}~mfaod f`~ ta h}dimt kt~ ealtfo{ klnaem kl axdmx ta z`{ tfm hkoo~/ ld tfm eal`~tmx{ ac tfm o`sm~
ac tfm Kee`n}o`tm Fm`xt ac E`x{ k~ la mvnmztkal,
@xm tfmxm `ds`lt`im~ ac ikskli ealtfo{1 [m~/ ac na}x~m,
0, Kt~ ` naeektemlt2 `otfa}if sao}lt`x{/ kt k~ ~tkoo eaxm okbmo{ ta hm emt tf`l lat,
8, Kt fmoz~ {a}li hmlmc`ntax~/ tfa~m g}~t hmikllkli ta zx`ntknm tfmkx ahoki`tkal ta ~}zzaxt tfm Nf}xnf/ ta
h}dimt `nnaxdklio{,
>, Kt n`l hm om~~ ~txm~~c}o hmn`}~m/ cax ea~t f`xd%yaxbkli zmazom/ ikskli om~~/ eaxm actml/ k~ m`~kmx tf`l
ikskli eaxm alnm ` {m`x,
4, Kt fmoz~ tfm xmokika}~ mnalaekwm eaxm zx}dmlto{ `ld/ `t tfm ~`em tkem/ eaxm e`il`lkea}~o{,
P}mml~ Txkh}tm dalax~ xmnmksm oo a}x e`kokli~, Eaxm kezaxt`lto{/ msmx{ ealtf tfm tx`dktkal`o O`tkl E`~~k~ accmxmd cax `oo a}x hmlmc`ntax~,
Ym n`l `nnmzt hatf dkxmnt yktfdx`y`o cxae h`lb `nna}lt~ `ld nxmdkt n`xd~ cax {a}x nalsmlkmlnm, Mktfmx
aztkal e`bm~ ~}zzaxtkli tfm eal`~tmx{ smx{ m`~{,
N`oo X}~~moo O`Zo}em `t &3:>+ 8>;%346=/ ax me`ko fke `t xozJn`tfaoknk~e,axi ta gakl ax cax
eaxm klcaxe`tkal,
8/2/2019 Mancipia January/February, 2010
13/160>E`lNkzk` Tfm XmzaXTacTfm NX}~`dmac ~`klT HmlmdkNT NmlTmX G`l}`x{Cmhx}`x{ 8:0:
ac iaad xm`dkli `ha}t dkmt`x{ tx`dktkal~/ ~}nf `~ tfm ym`otf ac
klcaxe`tkal kl tfm ~mnald sao}em acC`tke` kl O}nk ~ AylYaxd~, Yktf yk~m `ld c`ktfc}o e`l`imemlt/ tfm Zaxt}i}m~mc`eko{ `tm p}ktm ymoo/ `ohmkt ~kezo{/ kl tfm d`{~ hmcaxm tfm `z%
z`xktkal~ nf`limd tfmkx oksm~
caxmsmx, Tfm Ym~tal @, ZxknmCa}ld`tkal &yyy,ym~tal`%
zxknm,axi+ k~ ` xmok`hom ~a}xnm
xmi`xdkli tx`dktkal`o dkmt~,
@ld na}ltom~~ tkem~/ kl xm`d%
kli N`tfaokn hkaix`zfkm~/ K
f`sm naem nxa~~ xmcmxmlnm~
ta tfm ^}ld`{ dkllmx hmkli
` eklk`t}xm cm`~t kl naltx`~t
ta tfm ymmbo{ c`xm,
K cmmo ` y`xlkli fmxm k~
lmnm~~`x{, Kl a}x tkem/ tfmxm
k~ ` ek~t`bml zmxnmztkaltf`t nfaa~kli ta z}xnf`~m
nfm`z caad k~ skxt}a}~, Ead%
mxl/ klmvzml~ksm/ zxanm~~md
zxad}nt~/ `s`ko`hom kl `h}l%
d`lnm/ nxm`tm ` ~kt}`tkal yfmxm/ cax tfm o`~t alm f}ldxmd {m`x~/
e`l{ zmazom `xmlt m`tkli p}`okt{/ ax msml xm`o/ caad~, @ oaab
`t tfm @emxkn`l zaz}o`nm kldkn`tm~ tf`t ym xm z`{kli fm`s{
&f`!+ zxknm hmn`}~m ac kt, Ym `xm lat ` l`tkal ac fm`otf{ zmazom,
Kt t`bm~ nalnmltx`tmd can}~ ta ld ax e`bm p}`okt{ caad al `
tkift h}dimt h}t K hmokmsm kt~
` skt`o ~zmnt ac tfm san`tkal ta
z`xmltfaad,Ta c`~t ymoo em`l~ ta z`xm
dayl tfm xmi}o`x dkmt ta alm
tf`t k~ om~~ naecaxtkli h}t ~tkoo
l}txktka}~, Kt k~ tfm bmmlm~t y`{
ta y`bm }z ` ~o}iik~f ~zkxkt}`o%
kt{, Tfm okt}xikn`o {m`x k~ c}oo ac
azzaxt}lktkm~ ta mvzmxkemlt kl
tfk~ `xm`, Kt e`{ t`bm nal~}ot%
kli `l aodmx ek~~`o ax n`omld`x
`ld oaabkli `t ~aemtfkli ` hkt
~txkntmx tf`l tfm n}xxmlt xmi}o`%
tkal~ ac alo{ tya c`~t d`{~ d}x%kli tfm mltkxm okt}xikn`o {m`x, @
~m`~al ac c`~tkli n`l t`bm ixm`t
na}x`im/ h}t k~ m~~mltk`o ta `z%
zxmnk`tm ` zmxkad ac cm`~tkli,
@ld cm`~tkli &z`xdal em/
yfkom K za}x `latfmx io`~~c}o+
k~ xm`oo{ ` ~kezom nalnmzt hm%
n`}~m kt k~ emxmo{ l mvz`l~kal
ac fay ym m`t xmi}o`xo{, Tfk~
e`{ klno}dm dm~~mxt~ ax ~m`~al`o txm`t~/ dkllmx~ yktf e}otkzom
na}x~m~/ ~zmnk`o hmsmx`im~/ `ld msml m`tkli hmtymml em`o~
Tfm `xt ac kt `oo/ faymsmx/
klsaosm~ lat alo{ ~oaykli
dayl a}x c`~t%z`nmd oksm~
ta mlga{ tfm nmomhx`tkal/ h}tmldkli tfm cm`~tkli `zzxa%
zxk`tmo{ `ld lat zxaoalikli
kt kldmlktmo{, @i`kl/ tfm
Nf}xnf {m`x k~ `l mvnmoomlt
i}kdm, ^aem cm`~t~ `xm nmo%
mhx`tmd cax ` ~m`~al &ct{
d`{~ ac M`~tmx!+/ ~aem cax
`l ant`sm/ ld ~aem cax alo{
alm d`{, @ c`eko{ ekift
f`sm kt~ ayl cm`~t d`{ `ld
nfkodxml &ymoo/ ea~t `d}ot~/
taa+ mlga{ ` dkllmx kl tfmkxfalax yktf n`ldomokift
`ld ` ~zmnk`o dm~~mxt,
Hmn`}~m caad `ccmnt~ }~
~a dmmzo{/ cm`~tkli ymoo hm%
naem~ ` d}t{ kl ` skhx`lt
N`tfaokn okcm, Kt klsaosm~ tfa}ift `ld dk~nkzoklm &`ld ~aem `t
tmltkal ta zmx~al`o dkim~tkal+, Tfm ~fkct klta nmomhx`tkal mv
z`ld~ a}x fm`xt~ &zatmltk`oo{ a}x y`k~toklm~+ `ld fmoz~ }~ oksm
tfm Nf}xnf {m`x yktf ` dmmzmx nallmntkal, satxm ~`lt!
Tfmxmcaxm/ kt ~mme~
xm`~al`hom tf`t a}x
laxe`o c`xm ~fa}od
hm naeza~md ac
~kezom/ yfaom~aem
caad~ tf`t zxaeatm
fm`otf/ zxad}nm
~`tkmt{ `ld naecaxt/`ld `xm `ccaxd`hom,
Ym `xm lat `
l`tkal ac fm`otf{
zmazom, Kt t`bm~
nalnmltx`tmd
can}~ ta ckld ax
e`bm p}`okt{ caad
al ` tkift h}dimt
h}t K hmokmsm kt~
` skt`o `~zmnt ac
tfm san`tkal ta
z`xmltfaad,
@ ~bkt cax tfm 8:0: E,K,N,E, @llksmx~`x{ Zxaix`e cm`t}xmd tfm tymosm d`{~ ac Nfxk~te`~ `~ ` cm`~t,
8/2/2019 Mancipia January/February, 2010
14/1604 E`lNkzk` Tfm XmzaXTacTfm NX}~`dmac ~`klT HmlmdkNT NmlTmX G`l}`x{Cmhx}`x{ 8:0:
Tfm ~`klT `}i}~Tklm kl~TkT}Tmac N`TfaokN ~T}dkm~
Na}x~m~ `ha}t tfm Nx}~`dm `ld tfm Daie`Mvtx` Mnnom~k`e L}oo` ^`o}~
Tfm Nmltmx Na}x~m al tfm Nx}~`dm> T`ob~7 Hxatfmx Cx`lnk~ dk~na}x~m~ al tfm tfxknm%dmlmd daie`Mvtx` Mnnom~k`e L}oo` `o}~8 T`zm~7 P}m~tkal `ld `l~ymx z`lmo accmxkli xm~zal~m~ ta ea~t ac tfm naeeal ahgmntkal~ accmxmd h{ a}x azzalmlt~
8 T`zm~7 @ z`lmo dk~n}~~kal `ha}t tfm fk~tax{ ac tfm Nx}~`dm ac ^`klt Hmlmdknt Nmltmx
0 T`zm7 @ dk~n}~~kal ac tfm tfmax{ ac h`ztk~e ac dm~kxm8 T`ob~7 Hxatfmx Eknf`mo t`ob~ `ha}t tfm daie` `ld kt~ xmo`tkal~fkz ta tfm Tfkxd ^mnxmt ac C`tke`
0 T`zm7 Y@D^ x`dka kltmxskmy yktf Hxatfmx Eknf`mo/ E,K,N,E,
0 T`zm7 Skl Omyk~ kltmxskmy~ Hxatfmx @ltfal{ E`x{/ E,K,N,E, &Tmxt,+
08 T`zm~ ax EZ> ND $4;,:: I%:0
Tfm Okcm `ld Tm`nfkli~ ac C`tfmx Cmmlm{Tfm~m `xm xmmntkal~ ac Hxatfmx Cx`lnk~ `ha}t fk~ emltax C`tfmx Cmmlm{/ `~ ymoo `~ ` ~t}d{ ac tfm dantxkl`o k~~}m tf`t
e`dm fke c`ea}~, Z`z`o mln{nokn`o~ ta}nfkli al tfm daie` `xm `l`o{wmd `~ k~ C`tfmx~ xmo`tkal~fkz yktf atfmx zxaeklmlt
tfmaoaik`l~ ac fk~ d`{/ ~}nf `~ Hk~faz C}otal G, ^fmml/ C`tfmx Cx`lnk~ G, Nallmoo/ E~ix, Ga~mzf Cmltal ac N`tfaokn
]lksmx~kt{/ `ld C`tfmx @smx{ D}oom~/ ^,G, Hxatfmx ~zm`b~ ac tfm m`xo{ d`{~ ac tfm Nmltmx `ld tfm m`xo{ yxktkli~ ac C`tfmx
Cmmlm{, Yf`t memxim~ k~ ` tx}m zknt}xm ac tfm dmdkn`tmd `ld oaskli nf`x`ntmx ac `l mvtxmemo{ ikctmd zxkm~t yfa y`~
zmx~mn}tmd cax xmc}~kli ta naezxaek~m tfm C`ktf kl fk~ zxm`nfkli2 ` zxkm~t yfa/ dm~zktm `oo ac tfm klg}~tknm~ fm`zmd }zalfke/ xme`klmd ` oa{`o h}t }lnaezxaek~kli ~al ac tfm Nf}xnf }ltko fk~ dm`tf al G`l}`x{ >:/ 0;96, E`l{ yfa f`sm
ok~tmlmd ta tfk~ ~mxkm~ tfklb kt tfm hm~t mvza~ktkal ac C`tfmx~ dantxklm `s`ko`hom kl `}dka,
04 t`ob~ al t`zm ax EZ> ND $=;,:: I%:8
Kltxad}ntkal ta ^`klt @}i}~tklm Kl~tkt}tmTfk~ k~ `l `}dka naez`lkal ta tfm ^{oo`h}~ ac tfm ^`klt @}i}~tklm Kl~tkt}tm, Fmxm `xm ~kv t`ob~ dm~kilmd ta iksm tfm ia`o~/
zfkoa~azf{/ `ld fk~tax{ ac tfm Kl~tkt}tm `ld a}x Nkxnom~ ac ^t}d{ zxaix`e, Tfm~m t`ob~ `xm oksmo{ `ld smx{ s`o}`hom cax
`l{alm yfa dm~kxm~ ta hm ` z`xt ac a}x ~nfaao ac tfa}ift/ ~t`xt ` nkxnom/ ax yaxb tay`xd~ ` dkzoae`,
9 t`ob~ al t`zm ax EZ> ND $>=,:: I%:>
N`tfaokn @zaoaimtkn~@zaoaimtkn~ k~ tfm l`em iksml h{ ~aem ac tfm C`tfmx~ ac tfm Nf}xnf ta txm`tk~m~ yfknf tfm{ yxatm kl dmcml~m ac tfmN`tfaokn C ktf, Kl tfk~ na}x~m Hxatfmx Cx`lnk~ f`~ `ddxm~~md ~aem ac tfm e`gax ah~t`nom~ ta tfm ~zxm`d ac tfm C`ktf kl a}x
d`{, Tfm{ `xm7 tfm dkcn}otkm~ yfknf `xk~m cxae eadmxl ~nkmlnm2 cxae tfm mxxax~ ac tfm zfkoa~azfmx~2 cxae z~{nfaoaikn`o/
~ank`o/ `ld zaoktkn`o txmld~2 `~ ymoo `~ cxae tfm no`ke~ ac e`l{ c`o~m xmokikal~,
6 t`ob~ al t`zm ax EZ> ND $>;,:: I%:4
@l Kltxad}ntkal ta Yk~daeTfmxm k~ `oea~t la s`o}m kl Fao{ ^nxkzt}xm eaxm actml dk~n}~~md tf`l yk~dae, Hatf l`t}x`o `ld ~}zmxl`t}x`o yk~dae
nal~tkt}tm tfm h`~k~ ac tfm xmmntkal~ `ld tfm emdkt`tkal~ accmxmd kl tfk~ na}x~m, Klno}dmd `o~a k~ alm t`zm al tfm @za~tom~
`ld alm al tfm s`o}m ac tx}m N`tfaokn ahmdkmlnm2 lat tfm na}ltmxcmkt ahmdkmlnm ym `xm ~a c`ekok`x yktf kl tfk~ }z~kdm%
dayl yaxod,
6 t`ob~ al t`zm ax EZ> ND $>;,:: I%:=
Zom`~m n`oo Hxk`l Bmoo{ `t &3:>+ 8>;%346= kc {a} ya}od okbm c}xtfmx dm~nxkztkal~ ac tfm~m ktme~
N`oo }~ yktf `l{ p}m~tkal~ ax ta axdmx
&3:>+ 8>;%346=
Sk~kt a}x aloklm ~taxm t
yyy,~taxm,n`tfaoknk~e,axiZa~t`imf`ldokli cax `l{ kldkskd}`o ~mt7 ]^ $3,::
N`l`d` $;,::/ atfmx caxmkil 8:- ac tat`o
8/2/2019 Mancipia January/February, 2010
15/160=E`lNkzk` Tfm XmzaXTacTfm NX}~`dmac ~`klT HmlmdkNT NmlTmX G`l}`x{Cmhx}`x{ 8:0:
e{~moc dx`yl ta kt kl e{ tfa}ift~ `ld tfml kl e{ ~tmz~, Kt
lmmd~ ta hm nfmnbmd `ld c}%
momd/ ld ~aemtkem~ tfm fm`t
imlmx`tmd k~ ~a ixm`t tf`t kt
lmmd~ fmoz ta hm dk~~kz`tmd
tfxa}ifa}t tfm fa}~m, K n`ltfmoz h}t tfklb tf`t tfmxm `xm
tya xm havm~ kl a}x fa}~m/
lat na}ltkli tfm ah~aomtm
ako c}xl`nm, Alm y`xe~ a}x
hadkm~ `ld tfm atfmx y`xe~
a}x fm`xt~, Ac na}x~m/ tf`t
atfmx xm hav k~ tfm t`h%
mxl`nom, ^a K f`sm taod tfm
~k~tmx~ tf`t kc tfm{ imt }z kl
tfm lkift tfm{ ~fa}od z}t `l%
atfmx zkmnm ax tya ac yaad al tfm xm `ld `o~a e`bm ` sk~kt ta
tfm Hom~~md ^`nx`emlt,
Kt k~ }lokbmo{/ Dm`x Xm`dmx/ tf`t {a} f`sm ` t`hmxl`nom `ld
` yaad ~tasm kl {a}x faem/ h}t tfm h}xlkli xm hav tf`t {a}
~fa}od dmlktmo{ f`sm n`l hm ca}ld xkift kl {a}x ayl fm`xt
[m~/ kt lmmd~ `ttmltkal `ld c}mo, E`l{ ac tfm ~`klt~ cmot tf`
xm zf{~kn`oo{ kl tfmkx hxm`~t~, ^`klt Zfkokz Lmxk/ cax mv`ezom
ya}od ym`x fk~ n`~~anb }lh}ttalmd `t tfm taz ta tx{ ta naaofke~moc/ ld alnm/ asmxnaem h{ tfm mvnm~~ksm fm`t/ fm g}ezmd
klta `l kn{ zald yfknf keemdk`tmo{ hmi`l ta hako,
Omlt k~ naekli/ kc kt k~lt `oxm`d{ fmxm yfml {a} xm`d tfk~
Tfk~ k~ `l mvnmoomlt tkem ta nom`l a}t tfm c}xl`nm kl {a}x fm`xt
`ld/ yktf A}x O`d{~ fmoz/ okift ` xm }~kli tfm `em~ kl Fmx
ayl Kee`n}o`tm Fm`xt, Cmmd kt h{ tfm `nt~ ac oasm `ld ~`nxk
nm~ {a} ykoo e`bm d}xkli Omlt, @~ A}x Oaxd ~`kd/ K f`sm
naem ta n`~t xm }zal tfm m`xtf/ `ld yf`t ykoo K h}t tf`t k
hm bkldomd1 @ hom~~md Omlt ta {a}/ Dm`x Xm`dmx, Tf`lb {a}
cax fmozkli ta e`bm tfm~m ~zmnk`o emdkt`tkal~ za~~khom h{ {a}x
imlmxa}~ dal`tkal~,
Me`ko ^k~tmx E`xkm Tfx~m `t nalsmltJn`tfaoknk~e,axi
Nalsmlt NaXlmXckXm!naltkl}md cxae z`im >
@~ alm ac tfm hxatf%
mx~ ~`kd `ctmx fmcklk~fmd ~t`nbkli
a}x yaadzkom/ [a}oo
f`sm e`l{ emdkt`%
tkal~ yktf {a}x lmy
yaad ~tasm,
Tfm ot`x t yfknf `klt E`vkekok`l Baohm ~`kd fk~ ckx~t E`~~,
@ skmy ac N`~tmo `lt@limoa t lkift cxae nxa~~ tfm Tkhmx,
Hxatfmx E`vkekok`l t `klt Z`}o A}t~kdm tfm Y`oo~ kl Xaem,
8/2/2019 Mancipia January/February, 2010
16/16
a}XNX}~`dm7Tfm zxaz`i`tkal `ld dm%
cml~m ac N`tfaokn daie`
m~zmnk`oo{ mvtx` mnnom~k%
`e l}oo` ~`o}~ `ld tfm
nalsmx~kal ac @emxkn` ta
tfm alm/ tx}m Nf}xnf,
Cax eaxm klcaxe`tkal7
A}x nalixmi`tkal ymh~ktm7
yyy,n`tfaoknk~e,axi
A}x haab~taxm ymh~ktm7
yyy,~taxm,n`tfaoknk~e,axi
@ld a}x nalcmxmlnm ymh~ktm7
yyy,^hnNalcmxmlnm,nae
^o`sm~ ac tfm
Kee`n}o`tm Fm`xt ac E`x{
^`klt Hmlmdknt Nmltmx
Za~t Accknm Hav 389
Xknfeald/ LF :>49:
klcaJn`tfaoknk~e,axi
&3:>+ 8>;%346=
NaltXkH}tmtatfm HXatfmXcX`lNk~ c}ldTfm xmokika}~ `t ^`klt Hmlmdknt Nmltmx f`sm m~t`hok~fmd ` c}ld cax tfm z}x %
za~m ac z}hok~fkli Hxatfmx Cx`lnk~ yaxb~, Tfm ckx~t haab kl oklm k~ Oaikn/ cxae
Hxatfmx~ zfkoa~azf{ ~mxkm~, Ym zo`l al z}hok~fkli tfm mltkxm na}x~m `~ c}ld~
`ooay, Kl `ddktkal ta dal`tkal~/ ym ykoo }~m tfm xmsml}m &`ctmx mvzml~m~+ cxae`oo ac Hxatfmx~ yaxb~ ta z}hok~f c}t}xm sao}em~,
Kc {a} ya}od okbm ta dal`tm ta tfk~ c}ld/ zom`~m latm Hx, Cx`lnk~ C}ld yfml {a}
e`bm {a}x naltxkh}tkal h{ e`ko/ zfalm/ ax aloklm &n`tfaoknk~e,axidal`tkal~+,
N`oo X}~~moo O`Zo}em cax eaxm klcaxe`tkal ax ta dal`tm &3:>+ 8>;%346=,
` zX`{mXcaXtfm NalsmX~kalac `EmXkN`A E`x{/ Eatfmx ac emxn{ ld Xmc}im ac ~kllmx~/ ym hm~mmnf tfmm/ hm zom`~md ta oaab
yktf zktkc}o m{m~ }zal zaax fmxmtkn~ `ld ~nfk~e`tkn~, Tfa} yfa `xt tfm ^m`t ac Yk~%
dae/ mlokiftml tfm ekld~ tf`t `xm ek~mx`ho{ mlcaodmd kl tfm d`xblm~~ ac kilax`lnm
`ld ~kl/ tf`t tfm{ e`{ nom`xo{ blay tf`t tfm Fao{ N`tfaokn `ld @za~taokn Xae`l
Nf}xnf k~ tfm alm tx}m Nf}xnf ac Gm~}~ Nfxk~t/ a}t~kdm ac yfknf lmktfmx faoklm~~ lax
~`os`tkal n`l hm ca}ld, Cklk~f tfm yaxb ac tfmkx nalsmx~kal h{ aht`klkli cax tfme
tfm ix`nm ta `nnmzt `oo tfm tx}tf~ ac a}x Fao{ C`ktf/ `ld ta ~}hekt tfme~mosm~ ta tfm
~}zxmem Xae`l Zaltkcc/ tfm Skn`x ac Gm~}~ Nfxk~t al m`xtf2 tf`t ~a/ hmkli }lktmd yktf}~ kl tfm ~ymmt nf`kl~ ac dksklm nf`xkt{/ tfmxm e`{ ~aal hm alo{ alm caod }ldmx tfm
~`em alm ~fmzfmxd2 `ld e`{ ym `oo/ A ioaxka}~ Skxikl/ ~kli caxmsmx yktf mv}ot`tkal7
Xmgaknm/ A Skxikl E`x{/ tfa} alo{ f`~t dm~txa{md `oo fmxm~km~ kl tfm yfaom yaxod,
@eml,
F`ko E`x{/ tfxmm tkem~, &Zk}~ KV/ X`nnaot` La, =9;+
N`tfaokn @emxkn`l Ta}x 8:0:Ym `xm n}xxmlto{ oaabkli ax ~zal~ax~ ta fa~t ta}x~ ax tfm 8:0: ~m`~al, A}x kl`}i}x`o ~m`~al kl
8::; zxasmd ta hm ` f}im ~}nnm~~/ hmlmctkli lat alo{ a}x `}dkmlnm~/ h}t a}x~mosm~/ m~zmnk`oo{, Yf{
a}x~mosm~1 Hmn`}~m ym ymxm ~a f}ehomd `ld ix`tm}o al ~mmkli ~a e}nf ~}zzaxt xae a}x mvtmldmd
`eko{ yfknf/ {a}/ a}x ~zal~ax~/ ~}xmo{ `xm,
A}x txkz~ kl 8::; taab }~ `nxa~~ @emxkn`/ na`~t ta na`~t, Ym `o~a tx`smomd xae tfm Ixm`t O`bm~ ta tfm
I}o a Emvkna, Tfm t`ob~ ymxm iksml kl zxks`tm faem~/ nf}xnf f`oo~/ `ld msml kl z}hokn sml}m~/ ~}nf
`~ okhx`xkm~, Kldmmd/ `oea~t `l{ ~ktm n`l `nnaeead`tm ` zxm~mlt`tkal, Tfm e`kl msmlt k~ tfm t`ob h{
Hxatfmx @ldx/ yfknf fm n}~taekwm~ ax tfm ~zmnkcn oan`om, Cax mv`ezom/ kl N`okaxlk`/ Hxatfmx ta}nfmd
}zal tfm fk~tax{ a tfm ek~~kal~ `ld Hom~~md G}lkzmxa ^mxx`, Tfm~m t`ob~/ faymsmx/ `xm lat em`lt ta hm
Nf}xnf fk~tax{ om~~al~, Tfm{ `ke ta zxaskdm klaxe`tkal al N`tfaokn dantxklm `ld `zaoaimtkn~/ ~a `~ ta
eatks`tm `ld mp}kz tfm ok~tmlmx~ kl axdmx tf`t tfm{ ekift hmnaem hmttmx o`haxmx~ kl a}x naeeal maxt
ta nalsmxt @emxkn` ta tfm alm/ tx}m C`ktf,
@t tfk~ tkem ym f`sm la ~zmnkcn ta}x zo`llmd, A}x t`ximt d`tm ax tfm cx~t t`ob ya}od hm ekd%@zxko/
aooaymd h{ tya ax tfxmm eaxm d}xkli tfm {m`x, Kt `oo dmzmld~ }zal {a}/ a}x xkmld~/ ta e`bm tfk~
f`zzml, ^a/ kc {a} `xm kltmxm~tmd kl axi`lkwkli ` N@T kl {a}x `xm`/ n`oo X}~~moo O`Zo}em `t
3:>%8>;%346=/ ax m%e`ko fke `t xozJn`tfaoknk~e,axi,
Kt xm`oo{ k~ p}ktm m`~{ ta axi`lkwm ` xmnmztkal ax ` zxm~mlt`tkal, ^`klt Hmlmdknt Nmltmx ykoo zxaskdm `oo
tfm `~~k~t`lnm tf`t {a} xmp}kxm2 yfmtfmx kt hm `d~/ `ddxm~~m~/ ax atfmx e`tmxk`o~ lmmdmd ta ~}nnm~~}oo{
fa~t tfm msmlt `ld dx`y `~ e`l{ kltmxm~tmd N`tfaokn~ `~ za~~khom, Ym `o~a mlna}x`im msmx{alm ta klsktm
` tx}~tmd xkmld yfa e`{ hm ~m`xnfkli ax tfm tx}tf,
Fazkli ta fm`x xae {a},
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